Enhanced smart DSL systems for LDSL

Information

  • Patent Application
  • 20040218667
  • Publication Number
    20040218667
  • Date Filed
    November 18, 2003
    20 years ago
  • Date Published
    November 04, 2004
    19 years ago
Abstract
A “Smart DSL System” for addressing the performance objectives of LDSL and examples of smart systems for LDSL are disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, there is disclosed a method for implementing smart DSL for LDSL systems. Embodiments of the method include presenting a number of spectral masks that are available on the LDSL system, and selecting from the number of spectral masks an upstream mask and a downstream mask wherein the upstream mask and the downstream mask exhibit complimentary features.
Description


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] 1. Field of the Invention


[0004] This invention relates to digital subscriber lines (DSL) and to smart systems for implementing Long reach Digital Subscriber Lines (LDSL).


[0005] 2. Description of Related Art


[0006] High level procedures for meeting stated objectives for Long reach Digital Subscriber Line (LDSL) transmissions are disclosed. Some objectives for LDSL have been defined in publications available from standards organizations such as the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). For example, ITU publications OC-041R1, OC-045, OC-073R1, OJ-030, OJ-036, OJ-060, OJ-061, OJ-062, OJ-200R1, OJ-200R2, OJ-201, OJ-60R1, OJ-60R2 and OJ-210 set forth some LDSL objectives. Other objectives, standards and criteria for LDSL are also possible and may be accommodated by the disclosed inventions.


[0007] One LDSL target objective is to achieve a minimum payload transmission of 192 kb/s downstream and 96 kb/s upstream on loops having an equivalent working length of 18 kft 26 gauge cable in a variety of loop and noise conditions. One difficulty in achieving these target transmission rates is the occurrence of crosstalk noise.


[0008] The crosstalk noise environments that may occur for the above bit rate target objective are varied. For example, noise environments may include Near-end cross talk (NEXT), Far-end cross talk (FEXT), disturbance from Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), High Speed Digital Subscriber Lines (HDSL), SHDSL, T1, and Self-disturbers at both the Central Office (CO) and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) ends. NEXT from HDSL and SHDSL tend to limit the performance in the upstream channel, while NEXT from repeatered T1 AMI systems tend to severely limit the downstream channel performance. An additional source of noise is loops containing bridged taps that degrade performance on an Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) downstream channel more so than the upstream channel.


[0009] Another drawback of existing systems is that it appears very difficult to determine a single pair of Upstream and Downstream masks that will maximize the performance against any noise-loop field scenario, while ensuring spectral compatibility and, at the same time, keeping a desirable balance between Upstream and Downstream rates.


[0010] One approach for LDSL relies on different Upstream and Downstream masks exhibiting complementary features. Realistically, all these chosen masks are available on any LDSL Platform. At the modem start up, based on a certain protocol, the best Upstream-Downstream pair of masks is picked up. Whether the best pair is manually chosen at the discretion of the operator, or automatically selected, this concept is identified as “smart DSL for LDSL”.


[0011] There are many reasons to implement smart DSL. For example, non-smart DSL systems may implement a single mask for upstream and downstream transmissions. A drawback with this approach is that the use of a single mask may prevent LDSL service in areas of the United States dominated by T1 noise.


[0012] In addition, the use of a single mask is a drawback because the existence of other spectrally compatible masks cannot be ruled out. LDSL service providers will want to have access to an array of mask/tools provided they are spectrally compatible. Service providers may decide to use only one mask according to the physical layer conditions, or any combination of masks for the same or other reasons.


[0013] Another advantage of Smart DSL is that it is a good way to handle providing LDSL services in different countries. For example, so far, LDSL work has focused on SBC requirements. As a result, it is risky of, for example, a US-based LDSL provider to rely on the ability to apply any masks that pass SBC tests to Europe, China or Korea. LDSL is a difficult project and essential for all the countries. Therefore, any scheme for LDSL standardization that takes into account merely SBC physical layer and cross talk requirements may jeopardize the ADSL reach extension in non-standard LDSL countries. Other drawbacks of current systems also exist.



SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] A “Smart DSL System” for addressing the performance objectives of LDSL and examples of smart systems for LDSL are disclosed.


[0015] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, there is disclosed a method for implementing smart DSL for LDSL systems. Embodiments of the method may comprise presenting a number of spectral masks that are available on the LDSL system, and selecting from the number of spectral masks an upstream mask and a downstream mask wherein the upstream mask and the downstream mask exhibit complimentary features.


[0016] In some embodiments the method may further comprise selecting the upstream mask and the downstream mask during a modem start up period. Still further, embodiments of the invention may comprise selecting the upstream mask and the downstream mask manually or automatically.


[0017] In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, there is disclosed a method for implementing smart DSL for LDSL systems. In some embodiments, the method may comprise defining a candidate system to be implemented by an LDSL system, optimizing criteria associated with the candidate system, and selecting a candidate system to implement in an LDSL system.


[0018] In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, the method may further comprise determining features of upstream and downstream transmission. The method may further comprise determining one or more of: cut-off frequencies, side lobe shapes, overlap, partial overlap or FDD characteristics.


[0019] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise optimizing criteria associated with the candidate system to fulfill upstream and downstream performance targets and selecting a spectral mask for use with upstream or downstream transmission.


[0020] In accordance with some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method for implementing smart DSL for LDSL systems. In some embodiments the method may comprise selecting a spectral mask based upon performance criteria;, and activating the selected spectral mask based at least one of customer premise or central office capabilities.


[0021] In accordance with further aspects of the invention, the method may further comprise selecting the spectral mask is performed manually or automatically. Other advantages and features of the invention are discussed below.







BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022]
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating peak values for U1 and D1 PSD masks according to embodiments of the invention.


[0023]
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating peak values for U2 and D2 PSD masks according to embodiments of the invention.


[0024]
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating average values for U3 and D3 PSD templates according to embodiments of the invention.


[0025]
FIG. 4 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #1, for ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0026]
FIG. 5 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #2, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0027]
FIG. 6 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #3, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0028]
FIG. 7 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #4, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0029]
FIG. 8 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #5, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0030]
FIG. 9 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #6, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0031]
FIG. 10 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #7, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0032]
FIG. 11 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #T1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0033]
FIG. 12 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0034]
FIG. 13 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #2, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0035]
FIG. 14 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #3, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0036]
FIG. 15 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #4, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0037]
FIG. 16 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #5, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0038]
FIG. 17 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #6, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0039]
FIG. 18 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #7, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0040]
FIG. 19 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #T1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, NON EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0041]
FIG. 20 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0042]
FIG. 21 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #2, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0043]
FIG. 22 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #3, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0044]
FIG. 23 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #4, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0045]
FIG. 24 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #5, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0046]
FIG. 25 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #6, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0047]
FIG. 26 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #7, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0048]
FIG. 27 is a bar chart illustrating upstream rate, noise case #T1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0049]
FIG. 28 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0050]
FIG. 29 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #2, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0051]
FIG. 30 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #3, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0052]
FIG. 31 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #4, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0053]
FIG. 32 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #5, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0054]
FIG. 33 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #6, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0055]
FIG. 34 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #7, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0056]
FIG. 35 is a bar chart illustrating downstream rate, noise case #T1, ADSL2, M OJ-074, EC Smart LDSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0057]
FIG. 36 illustrates a flow diagram for selecting a pair of masks in a smart DSL system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0058]
FIG. 37 is a state diagram illustrating options for selecting a pair of masks in a smart DSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0059]
FIG. 38 illustrates an option for implementing smart DSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0060]
FIG. 39 illustrates an option for implementing smart DSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.


[0061]
FIG. 40 illustrates an option for implementing smart DSL systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention.







DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0062] Smart DSL Concept for LDSL.


[0063] This section defines a Smart DSL concept for LDSL. In some embodiments, operating with smart DSL systems for LDSL may include the below listed steps. The first and second steps may be completed, in some embodiments, during a standardization process and other steps may be performed during a modem's handshake/initialization phase in order to optimize the performance for any type of loops and noises.


[0064] Step 1. Smart DSL Systems members for LDSL (S).


[0065] In some embodiments it is preferable to complete step 1 during standardization processes. Alternatively, step 1 may be performed off line, for example, if no standardization is at stake.


[0066] In some embodiments, the first step consists of defining candidate systems that aim to be picked up based on optimization criteria defined below. Typically, these candidate systems may exhibit sufficient versatility features for both Upstream and Downstream spectra, such as cut off frequencies, side lobes shapes, overlap, partial overlap, FDD characteristics, etc.


[0067] In some embodiments it may be desirable for candidate systems to also meet additional constraints. For example, an additional constraint may be that no new channel coding scheme should be considered in the candidate systems. In this manner, smart DSL systems in accordance with the invention exhibit several degrees of freedom that are summarized in what follows by parameter set S.


[0068] Step 2. Optimization criteria (C).


[0069] In some embodiments, it is preferable that the second step be completed during the standardization process. Alternatively, the second step may be completed off line if no standardization is at stake.


[0070] The second step comprises defining optimization criteria. Optimization criteria drive smart DSL systems members definition and, of course, the performance outcomes. For some embodiments, optimization criteria (C ) may be summarized as covering Upstream and Downstream performance targets. In addition, optimization criteria may cover the margin within which performance targets should be met, such as, whether the deployment is Upstream or Downstream limited. The last point is important since often, in order to keep the optimization process simple priority should be given to Upstream or Downstream channels.


[0071] In some embodiments, optimization criteria may also comprise spectral compatibility requirements. This criteria may also include assumptions about neighboring services. Other optimization criteria are also possible.


[0072] Step 3. Choice of an optimal system amongst the smart DSL systems candidates (S*).


[0073] In some embodiments it may be preferable to complete step 3 during handshake/initialization. Completing step 3 during handshake/initialization may enable better handling of any type of loops and noise/cross talk conditions. Alternatively, this step could be completed off line, for example, if the operator has accurate prior knowledge of loops and noise conditions.


[0074] In some embodiments, completion of step 3 may be as simple as picking up one of two masks already defined. In other embodiments, completion of step 3 may comprise tuning a continuous parameter such as a cut off frequency. Other methods of completing step 3 are also possible.


[0075] In some embodiments, the outcome of step 3 may comprise an optimal system (S*) that will be run by the modem in the conditions that lead to its optimality.


[0076] Two Examples of Smart DSL system for LDSL, based on SBC requirements.



EXAMPLE 1

[0077] Definition of the Masks to be used in the two smart systems.


[0078] Three Upstream masks U1, U2, U3 and three Downstream masks D1, D2, D3 are used in what follows to define embodiments of smart systems. U1 (dashed line) and D1 (solid line) masks are plotted in FIG. 1. Note that in this section the masks for peak values are defined. As defined by some standards, the PSD templates, or average PSD values, are 3.5 dB lower than the mask values. Tables 1 and 2 show some values for U1 and D1 (respectively) according to some embodiments of the invention.
1TABLE 1U1 PSD Mask Definition, peak valuesFrequency Band f(kHz)Equation for the PSD mask (dBm/Hz)0 < f ≦ 4−97.5, with max power in the in0-4 kHz band of +15 dBrn4 < f ≦ 25.875−92.5 + 23.43 × log2(f/4);25.875 < f ≦ 60.375−29.060.375 < f ≦ 90.5−34.5 − 95 × log2(f/60.375)90.5 < f ≦ 1221−901221 < f ≦ 1630−99.5 peak, with max power inthe [f, f + 1 MHz] window of(−90 − 48 × log2(f/1221) + 60) dBm1630 < f ≦ 11 040−99.5 peak, with max power inthe [f, f + 1 MHz] window of−50 dBm


[0079]

2





TABLE 2










D1 PSD Mask Definition, peak values










Frequency Band f




(kHz)
Equation for the PSD mask (dBm/Hz)







0 < f ≦ 4
−97.5, with max power in the in




0-4 kHz band of +15 dBrn



4 < f ≦ 25.875
−92.5 + 20.79 × log2(f/4)



25.875 < f ≦ 81
−36.5



81 < f ≦ 92.1
−36.5 − 70 × log2(f/81)



92.1 < f ≦ 121.4
−49.5



121.4 < f ≦ 138
−49.5 + 70 × log2(f/121.4)



138 < f ≦ 353.625
−36.5 + 0.0139 × (f − 138)



353.625 < f ≦ 569.25
−33.5



569.25 < f ≦ 1622.5
−33.5 − 36 × log2(f/569.25)



1622.5 < f ≦ 3093
−90



3093 < f ≦ 4545
−90 peak, with maximum power in




the [f, f + 1 MHz]




window of




(−36.5 − 36 × log2(f/1104) + 60) dBm



4545 < f ≦ 11040
−90 peak, with maximum power in




the [f, f + 1 MHz]




window of −50 dBm











[0080] According to some embodiments of the invention U2 (dashed line) and D2 (solid line) spectrum masks may be plotted as shown in FIG. 2. Note that, as above, the masks for peak values are defined. The PSD templates, or average PSD values, are 3.5 dB lower than the mask values. Tables 3 and 4 show some values for U2 and D2 (respectively) in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
3TABLE 3U2 Mask Definition, peak valuesFrequency Band f(kHz)Equation for the PSD mask (dBm/Hz)0 < f ≦ 4−97.5, with max power in the in0-4 kHz band of +15 dBrn4 < f ≦ 25.875−92.5 − 22.5 × log2(f/4);25.875 < f ≦ 86.25−30.986.25 < f ≦ 138.6−34.5 − 95 × log2(f/86.25)138.6 < f ≦ 1221−99.51221 < f ≦ 1630−99.5 peak, with max power inthe [f, f + 1 MHz] window of(−90 − 48 × log2(f/1221) + 60) dBm1630 < f ≦ 11 040−99.5 peak, with max power inthe [f, f + 1 MHz] window of−50 dBm


[0081]

4





TABLE 4










D2 Mask Definition, peak values










Starting Frequency
Starting PSD mask value



(kHz)
(dBm/Hz)














0.000000
−98.000000



3.990000
−98.000000



4.000000
−92.500000



80.000000
−72.500000



120.740000
−47.500000



120.750000
−37.800000



138.000000
−36.800000



276.000000
−33.500000



677.062500
−33.500000



956.000000
−62.000000



1800.000000
−62.000000



2290.000000
−90.000000



3093.000000
−90.000000



4545.000000
−110.000000



12000.000000
−110.000000











[0082] Similarly, tables 5 and 6 give the breakpoints of U3 and D3 PSD Templates (average values) in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. FIG. 3 shows U3 (dashed line) and D3 (solid line) according to some embodiments of the invention.
5TABLE 5U3 Spectrum PSD Template, averagevaluesFrequencyNominal Upstream PSD[KHz][dBm/Hz]0−101.54−101.54−9625.875−36.30103.5−36.30164.1−99.51221−99.51630−113.512000−113.5


[0083]

6





TABLE 6










D3 Spectrum PSD Template, average


values










Frequency
Nominal Downstream PSD



[kHz]
[dBm/Hz]














0
−101.5



4
−101.5



4
−96



80
−76



138
−47.5



138
−40



276
−37



552
−37



956
−65.5



1800
−65.5



2290
−93.5



3093
−93.5



4545
−113.5



12000
−113.5











[0084] Smart system scenario detection.


[0085] In this scenario, it is assumed that the Smart LDSL system has the capability either to analyze a priori the cross talk/physical layer conditions, or to pick up a mask after testing all of them based on performance and spectral compatibility criteria. Under this feature, all the modems located in the same area will detect the same type of cross talk/impairments. Therefore, the worst case catastrophic scenario based on the use of all the possible masks at any location happens to be a completely unrealistic view for a genuine smart system. This feature was incorporated with success in the already deployed smart enhanced Annex C for Japan.



EXAMPLE 1

[0086] NON EC Smart LDSL


[0087] Definition


[0088] In this exemplary embodiment, a first smart system makes use of U1, U2, U3 and DI, D3 masks. According to the features of all these masks, no Echo canceller is required by this embodiment of a smart system that will be identified as NON EC Smart LDSL.


[0089] Simulation Results


[0090] Tables 7 and 8 gives the ADSL2 upstream and downstream performance for calibration purposes.
7TABLE 7ADSL2 Upstream Channel performanceupstreamcase 1case 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7Self NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT1ADSL2xDSL 10110711075962943055706461133xDSL 11884884319120130291361894xDSL 1284684627590102248314854xDSL 13692692142485499163697xDSL 160969969406141157380452986xDSL 165925925360116130330404944xDSL 17088188131394106287354897xDSL 1758378372697889243306851xDSL 1807987982256374202266805xDSL 1857557551855160162224764


[0091]

8





TABLE 8










ADSL2 Downstream Channel performance









downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















ADSL2
xDSL 10
298
298
305
328
326
307
162
170



xDSL 11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



xDSL 12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



xDSL 13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



xDSL 160
300
300
303
323
321
303
88
91



xDSL 165
201
201
203
224
224
207
43
49



xDSL 170
125
125
113
141
140
123
8
13



xDSL 175
59
66
57
74
74
63
0
0



xDSL 180
0
8
12
17
17
12
0
0



xDSL 185
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










[0092] Tables 9 and 10 display the results of the Modified OJ-074. These results may be taken as references for LDSL.
9TABLE 9M OJ-074 Upstream Channel Performance Resultsupstreamcase 1case 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7Self NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT1M OJ-074xDSL 10839841488300315458510844xDSL 11667667312144159283332669xDSL 12622623270111124242289624xDSL 134964961575969136176497xDSL 160709710353174191324374711xDSL 165675675319145161291340677xDSL 170641641287120134259307642xDSL 175606606255101110227275608xDSL 1805725722248092198243573xDSL 1855375371956676169212539


[0093]

10





TABLE 10










M OJ-074 Upstream Channel Performance Results









downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















M OJ-074
xDSL 10
2396
1659
1784
2023
1991
1616
224
436



xDSL 11
997
407
431
861
892
358
0
79



xDSL 12
1202
643
622
974
969
546
0
48



xDSL 13
855
398
449
696
776
350
0
52



xDSL 160
2048
1333
1413
1752
1725
1268
150
331



xDSL 165
1788
1086
1179
1527
1518
1027
92
261



xDSL 170
1553
875
933
1326
1332
809
53
205



xDSL 175
1343
754
755
1145
1163
648
25
152



xDSL 180
1147
633
694
985
1011
579
4
111



xDSL 185
978
529
608
840
872
500
0
76










[0094] Tables 11 and 12 give the results of NON EC Smart LDSL system.
11TABLE 11NON EC Smart LDSL Upstream Channel Performance Resultsupstreamcase 1case 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7Self NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT1NON ECxDSL 10839841488310324458510851SMARTxDSL 11667667312179196283332673xDSL 12622623270146157242289628xDSL 13496496176102110142176500xDSL 160709710353206219324374716xDSL 165675675319182195291340681xDSL 170641641287152168259307646xDSL 175606606255136145227275611xDSL 180572572226122130198243577xDSL 185537537200108116169212542


[0095]

12





TABLE 12










NON EC Smart LDSL Downstream Channel Performance Results









downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















NON EC
xDSL 10
2615
1711
1946
2148
2169
1679
224
572


SMART
xDSL 11
1060
407
445
902
958
358
0
135



xDSL 12
1265
643
634
998
1025
546
0
105



xDSL 13
885
398
449
705
816
350
0
79



xDSL 160
2156
1333
1466
1797
1816
1268
150
429



xDSL 165
1885
1086
1222
1572
1604
1027
92
349



xDSL 170
1639
875
967
1370
1413
809
53
278



xDSL 175
1418
754
782
1187
1237
648
25
220



xDSL 180
1213
633
720
1025
1079
579
4
169



xDSL 185
1034
529
629
877
932
500
0
126










[0096] Tables 13 and 14 give the selected Upstream and Downstream masks by the smart system. These tables confirm that, for this embodiment, a single mask can't handle all the noise scenarios and all the loops.
13TABLE 13NON EC Smart LDSL: Upstream Selection TableUpstreamcase 1case 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7Self NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT1selectionxDSL 1033322333indexxDSL 1133322333xDSL 1233312333xDSL 1333211223xDSL 16033322333xDSL 16533322333xDSL 17033322333xDSL 17533311333xDSL 18033211333xDSL 185332113331 = ends at ˜60 KHz, 2 = ends at ˜86 KHz, 3 = ends at ˜103 KHz


[0097]

14





TABLE 14










NON EC Smart LDSL: Downstream Selection Table









Downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















selection
xDSL 10
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1


index
xDSL 11
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1



xDSL 12
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1



xDSL 13
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1



xDSL 160
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 165
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 170
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 175
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 180
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 185
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1






1 = starts at ˜120 KHz;




2 = starts at ˜138 KHz








[0098] Tables 15 and 16 provide the performance improvement inherent to the NON EC Smart LDSL versus M OJ-074. As can be seen from the tables, this embodiment of a smart system performs better than the system disclosed in M OJ-074. This embodiment of a smart system compensates for the M OJ-074 Upstream channel weaknesses in the presence of SHDSL and HDSL.
15TABLE 15(NON EC SMART LDSL US rate - M OJ074 US rate)upstream difference with M OJ-074case 1Selfcase 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT10001090070003537004000353300400194341603000322800500037340040003234004000353500300242380040054240003


[0099]

16





TABLE 16










(NON EC SMART LDSL DS rate - M OJ074 DS rate)


downstream difference with M OJ-074














case 1









Self
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7


Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1

















219
52
162
125
178
63
0
136


63
0
14
41
66
0
0
56


63
0
12
24
56
0
0
57


30
0
0
9
40
0
0
27


108
0
53
45
91
0
0
98


97
0
43
45
86
0
0
88


86
0
34
44
81
0
0
73


75
0
27
42
74
0
0
68


66
0
26
40
68
0
0
58


56
0
21
37
60
0
0
50










[0100]
FIGS. 4-9 show bar chart performance plots of ADSL2, non-EC smart LDSL and the system disclosed in M OJ-074, for the above described noise cases.


[0101] EC Smart LDSL system


[0102] Definition


[0103] As described above, a first exemplary smart system may make use of U1, U2, U3 and D1, D2, D3. In accordance with the features of all these masks, an Echo canceller may be advantageous when D2 is used. A second exemplary smart system may be identified as the EC Smart LDSL. For this embodiment, the Smart LDSL system may have the capability to analyze a priori the cross talk/physical layer conditions for all the Smart LDSL modems located in the same area. In addition the system may detect the same type of cross talks/impairments and, therefore, the worst case self NEXT due to the Downstream mask D2 may only apply when this mask is used.


[0104] EC Smart LDSL: Simulation results
17TABLE 17EC Smart LDSL Upstream Channel Performance Resultsupstreamcase 1case 2case 3case 4case 5case 6case 7Self NextADSLISDNSHDSLHDSLMIXTIAT1ECxDSL 10839841488310324458456423SMARTxDSL 11667667312179196283280253LDSLxDSL 12622623270146157242239214xDSL 13496496176102110142135130xDSL 160709710353206219324321291xDSL 165675675319182195291288259xDSL 170641641287152168259256229xDSL 175606606255136145227225200xDSL 180572572226122130198195168xDSL 185537537200108116169166139


[0105]

18





TABLE 18










EC Smart LDSL Downstream Channel Performance Results









Downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















EC
xDSL 10
2615
1711
1946
2148
2169
1679
381
719


SMART
xDSL 11
1060
407
445
902
958
358
54
193


LDSL
xDSL 12
1265
643
634
998
1025
546
38
140



xDSL 13
885
398
449
705
816
350
18
80



xDSL 160
2156
1333
1466
1797
1816
1268
216
476



xDSL 165
1885
1086
1222
1572
1604
1027
140
388



xDSL 170
1639
875
967
1370
1413
809
86
308



xDSL 175
1418
754
782
1187
1237
648
62
237



xDSL 180
1213
633
720
1025
1079
579
28
181



xDSL 185
1034
529
629
877
932
500
20
127










[0106]

19





TABLE 19










EC Smart LDSL: Upstream Selection Table









Upstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















EC
xDSL 10
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3


SMART
xDSL 11
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3


LDSL
xDSL 12
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
3



xDSL 13
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1



xDSL 160
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3



xDSL 165
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3



xDSL 170
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3



xDSL 175
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
3



xDSL 180
3
3
2
1
1
3
3
2



xDSL 185
3
3
2
1
1
3
3
2






1 = ends at ˜60 KHz,




2 = ends at ˜86 KHz,




3 = ends at ˜103 KHz








[0107]

20





TABLE 20










EC Smart LDSL: Downstream Selection Table









Downstream


















case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7





Self Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1



















EC
xDSL 10
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1


SMART
xDSL 11
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1


LDSL
xDSL 12
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 13
2
3
3
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 160
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 165
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 170
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 175
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 180
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1



xDSL 185
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1






1 = starts at ˜120 KHz;




2 = starts at ˜138 KHz








[0108]

21





TABLE 21










(EC SMART LDSL US rate - M OJ074 US rate)


upstream difference with M OJ-074














case 1









Self
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7


Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1

















0
0
0
10
9
0
−54
−421


0
0
0
35
37
0
−52
−416


0
0
0
35
33
0
−50
−410


0
0
19
43
41
6
−41
−367


0
0
0
32
28
0
−53
−420


0
0
0
37
34
0
−52
−418


0
0
0
32
34
0
−51
−413


0
0
0
35
35
0
−50
−408


0
0
2
42
38
0
−48
−405


0
0
5
42
40
0
−46
−400










[0109]

22





TABLE 22










(EC SMART LDSL DS rate - M OJ074 DS rate)


downstream difference with M OJ-074














case 1









Self
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7


Next
ADSL
ISDN
SHDSL
HDSL
MIX
TIA
T1

















219
52
162
125
178
63
157
283


63
0
14
41
66
0
54
114


63
0
12
24
56
0
38
92


30
0
0
9
40
0
18
28


108
0
53
45
91
0
66
145


97
0
43
45
86
0
48
127


86
0
34
44
81
0
33
103


75
0
27
42
74
0
37
85


66
0
26
40
68
0
24
70


56
0
21
37
60
0
20
51










[0110]
FIGS. 20-35 show bar chart performance plots of ADSL2, EC smart LDSL and the system disclosed in M OJ-074, for the above described noise cases.


[0111] Smart DSL Implementation based on ITU-T Recommendation G.992.3


[0112] Two steps


[0113] Deciding to access one of the mask amongst all the possible choices offered by a smart DSL platform may be facilitated by using a two step process in the following order:


[0114] (1) Masks Choice based on Performance/Physical layer status criterion: Smart functionality; and (2) Protocol to activate one particular mask based on CP/CO capabilities.


[0115] Step (1): Mask Choice based on Performance/Physical layer Status: Smart Functionality.


[0116]
FIG. 36 displays the organizational chart that describes the two selection modes inherent to smart DSL: manual or automatic.


[0117] The automatic selection may be completed in two different ways: by making use of the Line Probing capabilities of G.992.3 (LP Option) or by trying different masks up to the training and choosing at the end the best (Many Tests Option). FIG. 37 gives the state diagram of the two approaches to automatically select a pair of mask for a smart DSL platform.


[0118] The LP option needs to complete the right loop of operations in FIG. 37 one time only. The Many tests option requires to complete the left loop of operations in FIG. 37 as many times as the number of available possibilities.


[0119] Step 2: Protocol to activate one mask based on CO/CP capabilities.


[0120] This section discloses three protocol examples to activate one mask based on CO/CP capabilities.


[0121] Option 1: CP decides


[0122]
FIG. 38 describes the “CP decides” which mask is to be used sequence, based on G.992.3. CLR and CL allow CP and CO to signify their list of capabilities.


[0123] Option 2: CO decides


[0124]
FIG. 39 describes the “CO decides” which mask is to be used sequence, based on G.992.3, after being requested by the CP to do so. CLR and CL allow CP and CO to signify their list of capabilities.


[0125] Option 3: CP is overruled by CO


[0126]
FIG. 40 describes the “CO overrules CP” about which mask is to be used sequence, based on G.992.3, after CP has mentioned which mask is to be used. CLR and CL allow CP and CO to signify their list of capabilities.


Claims
  • 1. A method for implementing smart DSL for LDSL systems, the method comprising: defining a candidate system to be implemented by an LDSL system; optimizing criteria associated with the candidate system; and selecting a candidate system to implement in an LDSL system.
  • 2. The method of claim 1 wherein defining a candidate system further comprises: determining features of upstream transmission.
  • 3. The method of claim 2 wherein determining features of upstream transmission further comprises: determining one or more of: cut-off frequencies, side lobe shapes, overlap, partial overlap or FDD characteristics.
  • 4. The method of claim 1 wherein defining a candidate system further comprises: determining features of downstream transmission.
  • 5. The method of claim 4 wherein determining features of downstream transmission further comprises: determining one or more of: cut-off frequencies, side lobe shapes, overlap, partial overlap or FDD characteristics.
  • 6. The method of claim 1 wherein optimizing criteria associated with the candidate system further comprises: optimizing criteria associated with the candidate system to fulfill upstream and downstream performance targets.
  • 7. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting a candidate system to implement in an LDSL system further comprises: selecting a spectral mask for use with upstream or downstream transmission.
  • 8. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting a candidate system to implement in an LDSL system further comprises: selecting a candidate system during modem handshake procedures.
  • 9. The method of claim 1 wherein defining a candidate system to be implemented in an LDSL system further comprises: defining a number of upstream masks (U1, U2, U3, . . . , Un) and a number of downstream masks (D1, D2, D3, . . . , Dn).
  • 10. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of upstream masks is defined by the following relations, wherein f is a frequency band in kHz and U1 is the value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for 0<f<4, then U1=−97.5, with max power in the in 0-4 kHz band of +15 dBm; for 4<f≦25.875, then U1=−92.5+23.43×log2(f/4); for 25.875<f≦60.375, then U1=−29.0; for 60.375<f≦90.5, then U1=34.5−95×log2 (D/60.375); for 90.5<f≦1221, then U1=−90; for 1221<f≦1630, then U1=−99.5 peak, with max power in the [f,f+1 MHz] window of (−90−48×log2(f/1221)+60) dBm; and for 1630<f≦11040, then U1=−99.5 peak, with max power in the [f,f+1 MHz] window of −50 dBm.
  • 11. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of downstream masks is defined by the following relations, wherein f is a frequency band in kHz and D1 is the value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for 0<f≦4, then D1=−97.5, with max power in the in 0-4 kHz band of +15 dBm; for 4<f≦25.875, then D1=−92.5+20.79×log2(f/4); for 25.875<f≦81, then D1=−36.5; for 81<f≦92.1, then D1=−36.5−70×log2(fi/81); for 92.1<f≦121.4, then D1−49.5; for 121.4<f≦138, then D1=−49.5+70×log2(f/121.4); for 138<f≦353.625, then D1=−36.5+0.0139×(f−138); for 353.625<f≦569.25, then D1=−33.5; for 569.25<f≦1622.5, then D1=−33.5−36×log2(f/569.25); for 1622.5<f≦3093, then D1=−90; for 3093<f≦4545, then D1=−90 peak, with maximum power in the [f,f+1 MHz] window of (−36.5−36×log2(f/1104)+60)dBm; and for 4545<f≦11040, then D1=−90 peak, with maximum power in the [f, f+1 MHz] window of −50 dBm.
  • 12. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of upstream masks is defined by the following relations, wherein f is a frequency band in kHz and U2 is the value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for 0<f≦4, then U2=−97.5, with max power in the in 0-4 kHz band of +15 dBm; for 4<f≦25.875, then U2=−92.5−22.5×log2(f/4); for 25.875<f≦86.25, then U2=−30.9; for 86.25<f≦138.6, then U2=−34.5−95×log2 (f/86.25); for 138.6<f≦1221, then U2=−99.5; for 1221<f≦1630, then U2=−99.5 peak, with max power in the [f,f+1 MHz] window of (−90−48×log2(f/1221)+60) dBm; and for 1630<f≦11040, then U2=−99.5 peak, with max power in the [f,f+1 MHz] window of −50 dBm.
  • 13. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of downstream masks is defined by the following peak values, wherein f is a frequency in kHz and D2 is the peak value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for f=0.0, then D2=−98.0; for f=3.99, then D2=−98.00; for f=4.0, then D2=−92.5; for f=80.0, then D2=−72.5; for f=120.74, then D2=−47.50; for f=120.75, then D2=−37.80; for f=138.0, then D2=−36.8; for f=276.0, then D2=−33.5; for f=677.0625, then D2=−33.5; for f=956.0, then D2=−62.0; for f=1800.0, then D2=−62.0; for f=2290.0, then D2=−90.0; for f=3093.0, then D2=−90.0; for f=4545.0, then D2=−110.0; and for f=12000.0, then D2=−110.0.
  • 14. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of upstream masks is defined by the following peak values, wherein f is a frequency in kHz and U3 is the peak value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for f=0, then U3=−101.5; for f=4, then U3=−101.5; for f=4, then U3=−96; for f=25.875, then U3=−36.30; for f=103.5, then U3=−36.30; for f=164.1, then U3=−99.5; for f=1221, then U3=−99.5; for f=1630, then U3=−113.5; and for f=12000, then U3=−113.5.
  • 15. The method of claim 9 wherein one of the number of downstream masks is defined by the following peak values, wherein f is a frequency in kHz and D3 is the peak value of the mask in dBm/Hz: for f=0, then D3=−101.5; for f=4, then D3=−101.5; for f=4, then D3=−96; for f=80, then D3=−76; for f=138, then D3=−47.5; for f=138, then D3=−40; for f=276, then D3=−37; for f=552, then D3=−37; for f=956, then D3=−65.5; for f=1800, then D3=−65.5; for f=2290, then D3=−93.5; for f=3093, then D3=−93.5; for f=4545, then D3=−113.5; and for f=12000, then D3=−113.5.
RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/488,804 filed Jul. 22, 2003 and Ser. No. 60/426,796 filed Nov. 18, 2002, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [0002] This application is related to copending U.S. Patent Applications titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTABLE MASK FOR LDSL,” (Attorney Docket No. 56162.000456) which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/441,351, “ENHANCED SMART DSL FOR LDSL,” (Attorney Docket No. 56162.000483) which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/488,804 filed Jul. 22, 2003 and “POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY MASKS FOR IMPROVED SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY” (Attorney Docket No. 56162.000485) which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/491,268 filed Jul. 31, 2003, all filed concurrently herewith.

Provisional Applications (2)
Number Date Country
60488804 Jul 2003 US
60426796 Nov 2002 US