Enteral diet

This invention relates to the development of substantially fat free, controlled calorie enteral diet which delivers protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile when digested and absorbed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been reported in the literature that the reduction of elevated plasma cholesterol will decrease the risk of myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease in humans. It has been documented that plasma cholesterol levels decline to low levels in patients who are maintained on a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program for extended periods of time. In such a program, all of the nutritional requirements are provided by the intravenous infusion of a solution containing a desired combination of amino acids, essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as dextrose for non protein caloric requirements.
Infusion of a modified fat free TPN amino acid formulation, Atheromine.TM., has been reported to induce a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol levels accompanied by regression of atherosclerosis in both animals and humans. "Regression of Atherosclerosis by the Intravenous Infusion of Specific Biochemical Nutrient Substrates in Animals and Humans", Dudrick, S. J., Annals of Surgery, Vol. 206, No. 3, pages 296-315 (1987), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Atheromine.TM. amino acid formulation is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 287,620, filed Dec. 16, 1988 for Method and Substrate Composition for Treating Atherosclerosis, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. In that study correlations between plasma amino acids and plasma cholesterol levels were demonstrated using a totally intravenous fat free diet containing 18 L-amino acids formulated in quantities and ratios deemed optimal for reducing plasma cholesterol levels in each patient. A number of amino acids, namely arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, serine, aspartic acid and leucine were found to have a very strong inverse correlation between plasma amino acids and plasma cholesterol levels. However, in that study the reduction in plasma cholesterol levels and regression of atherosclerosis were limited to the direct intravenous infusion of the Atheromine.TM. amino acid solution. Oral administration of the amino acid composition was found to be ineffective in animals and humans in reducing plasma cholesterol or inducing regression of atherosclerosis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to oral and enteral dietary formulations which are substantially fat free and which deliver protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile when digested and absorbed, and to a composition for use in preparing such dietary formulations. As used herein, the term "substantially fat free" means a diet which provides less than 2 grams fat per day, with less than 1% of total calories as fat. The dietary formulations of the invention are based on the combination of L-arginine and whey protein, such as whey protein isolate having a protein content of at least 95% (N.times.6.38) (dry basis), to provide a composition useful in preparing a number of enteral food products which have an amino acid profile comparable to Atheromine.TM..
In addition to whey protein isolate and L-arginine, the composition may contain ingredients such as maltodextrin and starch, as well as one or more gums, thickening agents, flavors, and the like to provide desired caloric, nutritional and/or functional requirements. The whey protein in the composition preferably is produced by ion exchange from an aqueous whey source to provide whey protein isolate having a protein content of more than 95% and containing less than 1% of fat and lactose. The use of this high purity whey protein isolate not only provides superior nutritional values, but a variety of functional properties as well, such as foaming, gelling, water binding, fat binding and emulsifying, making the isolate a highly versatile ingredient. The arginine enriched whey protein composition can be used in preparing a wide variety of substantially fat free, controlled calorie food products having the desired amino acid profile, with the food products thus prepared being used in an extended enteral diet which delivers protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile when digested and absorbed. For example, the arginine enhanced whey protein isolate may be used to prepare both solid and liquid foods such as crepes, pasta, pasta sauce, pancakes, soups, french toast, banana loaf, mushroom omelet, and the like which are substantially fat free and have a controlled calorie level.
During digestion, proteins are hydrolysed to their constituent amino acids which are absorbed in the blood stream. Since the arginine enhanced whey protein composition and the enteral foods prepared with the composition have an amino acid profile comparable to the Atheromine.TM. TPN solution used in the Dudrick study discussed above, it appears that the enteral foods will, when digested and absorbed, deliver into the blood stream an amino acid profile having hypocholesterolemic properties. Accordingly, it is believed that humans having an elevated total plasma cholesterol will exhibit a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol and regression of atherosclerosis when maintained on the enteral diet of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In accordance with the present invention, enteral foods having a desired amino acid profile and nutritional requirements and which are suitable for use in preparing a substantially fat free enteral diet having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile are provided through the use of a composition of containing L-arginine and whey protein such as whey protein isolate which contains on a dry basis at least 95% protein (N.times.6.38) and less than 1% fat and lactose. The low levels of fat and lactose provide the whey protein with superior functionality and nutrition, enabling it to be used in a variety of enteral nutritional compositions. A preferred source of high purity whey protein is BiPRO.RTM., available from Le Sueur Isolates, Le Sueur, Minn. BiPRO.RTM., which is produced by the hydrophilic ion exchange treatment of whey, contains over 95% protein (dry basis), less than 3% mineral salts, and less than 1% fat and lactose, with the protein being undenatured and therefore fully soluble. The use of BiPRO.RTM. is advantageous in the present invention for it not only provides superior nutritional values, but its functional properties such as foaming, gelling, and emulsifying make it highly versatile. For example BiPRO.RTM. forms a tough but elastic gel upon heating, enabling a variety of products to be formulated from the arginine enriched BiPRO.RTM. composition.
Whey protein isolate is enriched with sufficient L-arginine to provide a composition having excellent nutritional values and an amino acid profile comparable to the Atheromino.TM. parenteral solution disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 287,620 entitled: "METHOD AND SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION FOR TREATING ATHEROSCLEROSIS," filed on Dec. 16, 1988 referred to hereinabove which was successfully used in the Dudrick study to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Table 1 below sets out an amino acid profile comparison of the protein content of the Atheromine.TM. parenteral solutions tested, BiPRO.RTM. whey protein isolate, and an arginine enriched whey protein composition of this invention obtained by adding 0.16 parts by weight of L-arginine per part by weight of BiPRO.RTM. whey protein isolate.
TABLE 1______________________________________AMINO ACID PROFILE COMPARISON(Percent by Weight)Amino ARG-enrichedAcid Atheromine.TM. BiPRO .RTM. BiPRO .RTM.______________________________________Isoleucine 4.0-10.0 4.77 4.09Leucine 5.0-10.0 12.44 10.67Lysine 4.5-6.5 9.35 8.02Methionine 3.5-6.5 4.21 3.61& CysteinePhenylalanine 4.5-8.5 6.64 5.70& TyrosineThreonine 2.0-3.5 4.40 3.71Tryptophane 1.0-2.5 1.78 1.52Valine 4.0-9.0 4.49 3.85Alanine 7.0-16.0 4.49 3.85Arginine 9.0-18.0 2.62 16.49Histidine 1.5-3.5 9.35 8.02Proline 4.5-8.5 4.30 3.69Serine 2.5-6.5 4.49 3.85Glycine 3.0-8.0 1.50 1.28Glutamic Acid 3.5-5.5 14.97 12.83Aspartic Acid 2.0-4.0 10.20 8.74 100.00 100.00______________________________________
The arginine enriched whey protein composition is substantially fat free and, due to the superior functionality of the high purity, whey protein, may be formulated into a wide variety of enteral foods to provide a substantially fat free, controlled calorie diet delivering high levels of protein with a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile.
Preferably the whey protein isolate and arginine are combined with one or more additional ingredients which provide the composition with a desired level of nutrition or with certain functional characteristics. For example, maltodextrin and/or starch may be included for non-protein caloric requirements. One or more non-nutritive materials may also be included for controlling the texture of foods formulated from the composition, such as hydrocolloids, polysaccharides, and the like to function as a thickener, gelling agent, etc. in the composition.
A suitable formulation for preparing foods used in a substantially fat free, controlled calorie diet which delivers a high level of protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile is set out in Table 2. the formulation is prepared by mixing the ingredients, in the amounts indicated, in 100 ml water.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Amount Protein CHO FatIngredient (gm) (gm) (gm) (gm) Kcal______________________________________BiPRO.RTM. whey 13.77 13.00 0.01 0.00 52.08proteinisolateStarch 10.00 9.50 38.00Maltodextrin, 6.50 6.18 24.70DE4L-Arginine 2.16 2.12 8.47Flavor 0.20 0.00Xanthan gum 0.10 0.00Carrageenan 0.10 0.00TOTAL 32.83 15.12 15.69 0.00 123.24______________________________________
The arginine enriched whey protein composition, either in the form of a dry mix or as an aqueous composition may be used to prepare a wide variety of simulated food products for use in a calorie controlled, substantially fat free enteral diet. Set out in Table 3 below is a representative seven day rotational diet based on the arginine enriched whey protein isolate composition, which is formulated to provide a 70 kg person approximately 1800 Kilocalories and no more than 2 gms of fat per day while delivering a high level of protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile.
TABLE 3______________________________________Menu #1 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTBanana Pancakes 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Unsweetened 8 oz 2 Fruit 0.2Orange JuiceCanned Pear 2 halves 1 Fruit 0.1Halves - Juice Pack(no sugar added)Syrup 1 Tbsp Free 0.0Sugar-Free Syrup 1 Tbsp Free 0.0SNACKBreadsticks 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Canned Fruit 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.0CocktailLUNCHBeef Stir-Fry 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Onion, 2 Vegetable 0.375Frozen VeggiesCanned Peaches - 4 halves 2 Fruit 0.0Juice Pack(no sugar added)Rice Cakes 2 cakes 1 Grain 0.0Diet Beverage 8 oz 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACK"French Fries" 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Canned Cherries 1/2 c 1 Fruit 0.0(no sugar added)DINNERVegetarian Pizza 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Fresh Green Pep- 1 Vegetable 0.3per, Mushrooms,OnionFrozen Broccoli, 1/4 cup 1/2 Vegetable 0.1steamedUnsweetened 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.0PineappleSNACKCorn Bread 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Unsweetened 1/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Grape Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.925 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 191/4 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1806 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 120.3Reference to Protein Powder is to the use of the arginineenriched whey protein of the present invention which isused to create the entree that includes protein. Pursuantto the present invention, this provides the substantiallyfat free Enteral Diet. Examples of recipes for creatingthe entree using the protein powder are set forth afterthe seven day diet.______________________________________Menu #2 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTCinnamon 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Applesauce CakeUnsweetened 1/4 cup 1/2 Fruit 0.05ApplesauceUnsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.0PineappleJuice with 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0Starch PowderLUNCHPotato 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Asparagus SoupCanned Asparagus, 11/2 Vegetable 0.4OnionWheat Cakes 4 cakes 2 Grain 0.0Peach Nectar 2/3 cup 2 Fruit 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKPopsnacks 200 g 4 Protein Powder 0.2Cranberry Juice 1/3 c 1 Fruit 0.1DINNERPasta 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Tomato Sauce 1/2 cup 1 Vegetable 0.15(NO OIL)Fresh Zucchini, 1 cup 1 Vegetable 0.1cookedWasa Crisp Bread 11/2 slices 1 Grain 0.0(Hearty Rye)Unsweetened 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.2Orange Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKCrepes 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Boysenberry Sauce 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.15with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.90 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 19 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1804 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 129.2______________________________________Menu #3 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTScrambled Eggs 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1with Vegetables 1 Vegetable 0.14Fresh Onion,Green PepperUnsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1GrapefruitJuice with 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0Starch PowderSNACKCarrot Sponge Cake 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Shredded Carrots, 1/2 cup 1 Vegetable 0.1rawLemonade, frozen 12/3 cup 21/2 Fruit 0.0concentrate withStarch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0LUNCHCroutons 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Iceberg Lettuce 21/2 leaves 1/4 Vegetable 0.1Boiled Red Beets 1 cup 2 Vegetable 0.0Tasti-Diet 1 Tbsp Free 0.0Dressing(oil and sugar-free)Canned Mandarin 1/4 cup 1/2 Fruit 0.05OrangeSNACKCrunchy Carrots 11/2 cup 3 Vegetable 0.3(raw)with Bacon 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Unsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Apple Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0DINNERSpoon Burger 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Veggies in Recipe 1 Vegetable 0.169San Rice 4 cakes 2 Grain 0.0CakesApricot Nectar 1/2 cups 1 Fruit 0.1with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKPumpkin Pie 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1SquaresCanned Pumpkin 1/4 cup 1 Vegetable 0.17Unsweetened 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.0Pineapple Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.98 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 193/4 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1797 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 122.7______________________________________Menu #4 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTFrench Toast 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15*Syrup 2 Tbsp Free 0.0**Sugar-Free Syrup 3 Tbsp Free 0.0Figs 2 Figs 1/2 Fruit 0.1Diet Beverage 1 cup Free 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKKellogg's 1 cup 11/4 Grain 0.0Product 19Peach Nectar 1 cup 3 Fruit 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0LUNCHPolynesian Chicken 200 g 4 Protein Powder 0.2Snap Green Beans, 1 cup 1 Vegetable 0.1cannedGrapefruit, raw 1 half 1/2 Fruit 0.1Diet Beverage 1 cup Free 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKOnion Squares 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Fresh Onions 1/4 cup 1/2 Vegetable 0.1Fresh Cucumbers 2 cups 1 Vegetable 0.2Tasti-Diet Dressing 1 Tbsp Free 0.0(oil and sugar-free)Unsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Apple Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0DINNERBroccoli 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Tomato QuicheFresh Onion, 13/4 Vegetable 0.35Tomato, BroccoliBoiled Zucchini 1 cup 1 Vegetable 0.1SquashCanned Peach 4 halves 2 Fruit 0.0Halves Juice Pack(no sugar added)Diet Beverage 1 cup Free 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKTangy Orange Bars 200 g 4 Protein Powder 0.2Unsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Orange Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 2.0 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 20 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1805 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 128.3______________________________________Menu #5 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTCinnamon 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Applesauce CakeUnsweetened 1/4 cup 1/2 Fruit 0.0ApplesauceCanned 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.0Fruit CocktailJuice Pack(no sugar added)with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0LUNCHShrimp Stuffed 50 g 1 Protein Powder 0.05TomatoFresh Tomato 1 large 1 Vegetable 0.3Fresh Onion, 1/8 cup 1/4 Vegetable 0.1Green Pepper"Mashed Potatoes" 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Unsweetened 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.2Apple JuiceSNACKGreen Beans 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1With HamCanned Green 11/2 Vegetable 0.07Beans, Water Chest-nuts, & Raw CelerySesame Cakes 2 cakes 1 Grain 0.0DINNERChicken Loaf 200 g 4 Protein Powder 0.2Long Grain White 1/3 cup 1 Grain 0.0Rice, cookedUnsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1ApplesauceUnsweetened 1 cup 3 Fruit 0.3Grape Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKCanned Peaches - 4 halves 2 Fruit 0.0Juice Pack(no sugar added)Breadsticks 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.87 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 183/4 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1801 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 124.7______________________________________Menu #6 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTCinnamon 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Raisin BreadRaisins 2 Tbsp 1 Fruit 0.06Lemonade, frozen 2/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.0SNACKCorn-Flavored 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Pop SnackPeach Nectar 1/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0LUNCHPineapple Spinach 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1ChickenCanned Pineapple 1/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Chunks Juice Pack(no sugar added)Frozen, chopped 1 cup 2 Vegetable 0.4SpinachSesame Cakes 3 cakes 11/2 Grain 0.0Canned Fruit 1 cup 2 Fruit 0.0Cocktail Juice Pack(no sugar added)with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKMashed Potatoes 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Diet Beverage 1 cup Free 0.0with Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0DINNERHungarian Cabbage 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1RollsFresh Onions 1/4 cup 1/2 Vegetable 0.1Fresh Mushrooms 1/4 cup 1/2 Vegetable 0.16Cabbage Leaves 2 leaves 1 Vegetable 0.13Tomato Juice 1/3 cup 0.09and SauceWhite Long 1/3 cup 1 Grain 0.0Grain Rice,cookedUnsweetened 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1Grapefruit Juicewith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0SNACKBreadsticks 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Apricot Nectar 1/2 cup 1 Fruit 0.1 TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.99 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 193/4 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1806 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 129.1______________________________________Menu #7 - 1800 Calories FATMEAL AMOUNT EXCHANGE GRAMS______________________________________BREAKFASTCrepes - 4 200 g 4 Protein Powder 0.2Peach Nectar 1/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.0Sauce withCanned Peaches 4 halves 2 Fruit 0.0(no sugar added)and Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0Kellogg's 3/4 cup 1 Grain 0.0Special KLUNCHApple-Vegetable 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1ScrambleFresh Apple, 1/2 apple 1/2 Fruit 0.15choppedFresh Celery, 1 stalk 1/2 Vegetable 0.1choppedFresh Onion, 1/4 cup 1/2 Vegetable 0.1choppedFresh Carrot, 1/2 cup 1 Vegetable 0.1choppedWheat Cakes 4 cakes 2 Grain 0.0SNACKBanana Loaf 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Lemonade, frozen 2/3 cup 1 Fruit 0.0concentrate, pre-paredwith Starch Powder 10 g 1 Starch Powder 0.0DINNERZucchini Omelet 50 g 1 Protein Powder 0.05Fresh Zucchini 1/2 large 1 Vegetable 0.1Squash"French Fries" 100 g 2 Protein Powder 0.1Canned Pear Halves 4 halves 2 Fruit 0.2Juice Pack(no sugar added)SNACKCorn Bread 150 g 3 Protein Powder 0.15Canned Pineapple 2/3 cup 2 Fruit 0.2Chunks Juice Pack(no sugar added) TOTAL GRAMS OF FAT: 1.70 TOTAL FAT EXCHANGES: 17 TOTAL KILOCALORIES: 1803 TOTAL GRAMS OF PROTEIN: 128.3______________________________________Representative recipes that were used to prepare theprotein products are as follows:______________________________________Batter I (Basic Preparation)Exchange: 8 Protein Powder (composition of Table 2)Recipe:Protein Powder 132 gramsWater 270 gramsInstructions:Mix the dry Protein Powder and water in a mixing bowluntil all dry powder is moistened. Transfer the wetmixture to a blender. Blend for 1 minute at high speed.Stop the blender, scrape the sides, and gently stir thebatter. Blend for an additional 1 minute. A fresh batchof batter should be prepared each day and refrigeratedcovered with saran wrap when stored for the day.Most of the recipes use this batter consistency.Table to determine amount of batter needed for the day:Exchanges: 8 10 12 14 16Protein Powder (grams) 132 165 198 231 264Water (grams) 270 337 404 471 538Batter II (Basic Preparation)Exchange: 8 Protein Powder (composition of Table 4)Recipe:Protein Powder 132 gramsWater 348 gramsInstructions:Mix the dry Protein Powder and water in a mixing bowluntil all dry powder is moistened. Transfer the wetmixture to a blender. Blend for 1 minute at high speed.Stop the blender, scrape the sides, and gently stir thebatter. Blend for an additional 1 minute. A fresh batchof batter should be prepared each day and refrigeratedcovered with saran wrap when stored for the day.Recipes that use this batter consistency include:Onion SquaresBanana LoafCinnamon raisin breadCorn breadMashed potatoesCrepesFrench toastPancakesCarrot sponge cakePumpkin pie squaresTable to determine amount of batter needed for the day:Exchanges: 2 4 6 8 10Protein Powder (grams) 33 66 99 132 165Water (grams) 87 174 261 348 435Beef Stir-FryExchange: 2 Protein Powder 2 VegetableRecipe:Batter I 100 gramsRich Brown Seasoning 1 packetOnions, chopped 1/8 cupFrozen Vegetables (thawed) 1 cup(carrots, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower)Instructions:Mix Rich Brown Seasoning with Batter I. Pour into a smallmicrowave container and cover tightly with lid (snapseal). Cook on the Defrost cycle for 31/2 minutes. Cutinto small (1/4") cubes.Place onions and thawed vegetables in a non-stick fryingpan. Stir fry over medium heat on the stove until onionsand vegetables are half cooked (not browned). DO NOTADD ANY FAT OR SPRAY ON SUBSTANCE LIKEPAM. Add the beef cubes and continue cooking until thediced cubes turn golden brown on the edges.Yield: 1 ServingPineapple Spinach ChickenExchange: 2 Protein Powder 2 Vegetable 1 FruitRecipe:Batter I 100 gramsGolden Seasoning 2 packetsWater 1/4 cupGinger, Ground 1/4 tspEqual as desired (suggest 7 packets)Frozen Chopped Spinach 1 cup(thawed)Pineapple chunks, Juice 1/3 cuppacked, (drained)Instructions:Add one packet of golden seasoning to the Batter I and mixwell. Pour into a small microwave container and covertightly with a lid (snap seal). Cook on the Defrost cyclefor 31/2 minutes. Cut into bite size pieces.Place other packet of golden seasoning, water, Equal, andginger in a sauce pan. Cook over medium heat, stirringoccasionally until mixture comes to a boil. Addchicken-flavored pieces, spinach, and pineapple to theboiling mixture. Cover, reduce heat, and simmer for10 minutes.Yield: 1 ServingFrench FriesExchange: 2 Protein PowderRecipe:Batter I 100 gramsPotato Flavor pinch (3 grams)Instructions:Thoroughly mix Batter I and the potato flavor using a wirewhisk or fork. Spread the mixture evenly into a smallmicrowave container and cover tightly with a lid (snapseal) or plastic wrap. Cook on the Defrost cycle for2 minutes 30 seconds. Cool and place removed loaf on adish. Cut the loaf width wise into 1/4 to 1/2 inchstrips. Stir fry the strips in a non-stick frying panuntil golden brown on all sides. DO NOT ADD FAT ORSPRAY ON SUBSTANCE LIKE PAM.Yield: 1 ServingMashed PotatoesExchange: 2 Protein PowderRecipe:Batter II 100 gramsPotato Flavor 3 gramsInstructions:Thoroughly mix Batter II and the potato flavor using awire whisk or fork. Pour batter into a non-stick fryingpan. DO NOT ADD FAT OR SPRAY ON SUBSTANCELIKE PAM. Cook over medium heat with constant stirringuntil desired texture (scrambled egg like) is achieved.______________________________________ *non-diabetic **diabetic
Thus, the arginine enriched whey protein isolate may be formulated into substantially fat free, controlled calorie enteral foods which deliver protein having a hypocholesterolemic amino acid profile when digested and absorbed.
It would appear that plasma cholesterol levels in humans can be significantly reduced and controlled, and coronary atherosclerosis arrested and reversed by maintaining such persons for an extended period, such as, for example, 3 weeks to 3 months, on a substantially fat free, controlled calorie diet, such as the seven day rotational diet disclosed above, utilizing the arginine enriched, whey protein isolate composition of this invention.

Enteral diet

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

CPC

US Classifications

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

US Referenced Citations (1)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (3)

Entry
Ornish, Dean, et al., (1990): Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease? The Lancet, vol. 336, pp. 129-133.
Animal and Vegetable Proteins in Lipid Metabolism Find Atherosclerosis, pp. 1-7, 9-17, and 85-100, (1983), Alan R. Liss, New York, N.Y.
Dudrick, Stanley J., (1987); Regression of Artherosclerosis by the Intravenous Infusion of Specific Biochemical Nutrient Substrates in Animals and Humans, Annals of Surgery, vol. 206, No. 3, pp. 296-315.