This application claims the benefits of German application No. 10 2007 045 322.3 filed Sep. 21, 2007 and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The invention relates to a reactor for the gasification of entrained solid and liquid fuels, having the features of the claims.
The invention relates to a reactor for entrained-flow gasification of different solid and liquid fuels using an oxidizing agent containing free oxygen under normal or raised pressure up to 8 MPa. In this case solid fuels comprise pulverized coals of various degrees of coalification, petroleum coke, and other grindable solids having a calorific value greater than 7 MJ/Nm3. Liquid fuels comprise oils, oil-solid suspensions or water-solid suspensions such as coal water slurries, for example. In the field of gas generation from solid fuels, autothermic entrained-flow gasification has been known for many years. In this case the ratio of fuel to oxygen-containing gasification agent is selected such that temperatures higher than the melting point of the ash are reached. The ash is then fused into liquid clinker which, with the gasification gas or separately, leaves the gasification chamber and is then directly or indirectly cooled. Such an apparatus is disclosed in DE 197 18 131 A1.
A detailed description of such a gasification reactor equipped with a cooling screen is given in J. Carl et al, NOELL-KONVERSIONSVERFAHREN, EF-Verlag für Energie-und Umwelttechnik GmbH 1996, pages 32-33. The design described therein includes a cooling screen, consisting of cooling tubes that are welded in a gastight manner, within a pressure vessel. This cooling screen is supported on an intermediate floor, and can extend freely upward. This ensures that, when different temperatures and consequential length changes occur as a result of start and stop processes, no mechanical stresses can occur which could possibly result in destruction. In order to achieve this, there is not a permanent connection at the top end of the cooling screen, but a gap between the cooling screen collar and the flange of the burner, allowing freedom of movement. In order to prevent gasification gas from flowing behind the cooling screen gap when pressure fluctuations occur in the system, the cooling screen gap is purged using a dry gas that is free of condensate and oxygen. Despite the purging it is evident in practice that gasification gas does flow behind, resulting in corrosion on the rear side of the cooling screen or on the pressure shell. This can lead to operating failures and even destruction of the cooling screen or of the pressure shell.
The present invention addresses the problem of avoiding the cited disadvantages.
According to the invention these disadvantages are overcome by the solution cited in the claims.
The invention proposes a permanent connection of the cooling screen to the pressure shell or the upper reactor flange, wherein said connection renders continuous gas purging unnecessary and prevents gasification gas from flowing behind. The permanent connection between cooling screen and pressure shell is gastight and allows movements between cooling screen and pressure shell along the central axis of the reactor.
Technical measures for the pressure regime between the gasification chamber and the cooling screen gap are shown in a further embodiment.
The invention is explained below as an exemplary embodiment, to an extent that is required for understanding, with reference to a FIGURE, in which:
50 t of coal dust and 35,000 Nm3 of water vapor per hour are supplied to a gasification reactor as per
The cooling screen 8 is extended at its upper end by a smooth cylindrical tube construction 14 which interacts with the sliding seal. The sliding seal, which can be produced using asbestos rope, is embedded in a cylindrical recess in the reactor flange. A circular ridge, the internal diameter of which is only marginally greater than the external diameter of the tube construction, prevents the sliding seal 13 from escaping in the direction of the outlet device 16. Tightening the cover flange 15 causes the sliding seal to be compressed, thereby pressing it against the tube construction and thus producing gastightness.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2007 045 322 | Sep 2007 | DE | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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4002672 | Smith | Jan 1977 | A |
4202672 | Schuurman | May 1980 | A |
4818253 | Koehnen et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
4848253 | Tajima | Jul 1989 | A |
5333574 | Brady et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5667758 | Matsugi et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
7037473 | Donner et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
20070079554 | Schingnitz et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20080222955 | Jancker et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2688677 | Mar 2005 | CN |
237318 | Jul 1986 | DE |
197 18 131 | Nov 1998 | DE |
202007011109 | Jan 2008 | DE |
0254830 | Feb 1988 | EP |
2008087133 | Jul 2008 | WO |
Entry |
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Noell-Konversionsverfahren zur Verwertung und Entsorgung von Abfällen; EF-Verlag für Energie- und Umwelttechnik GmbH 1996, Berlin; pp. 32-33; J. Carl u. a.; ISBN: 3-924511-82-9. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20090077885 A1 | Mar 2009 | US |