Patent Grant
10669090
The present invention relates to protective sleeves for portable electronic devices. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to a protective sleeve that is capable of protecting a portable electronic device enclosed within from multiple environmental effects, including heat, cold, water, and impact forces from being dropped. Further, embodiments of the invention relate to a thermal masking material which can be used in a variety of applications where reduced visibility and heat detection is desired such as military, law enforcement, and hunting, as well as products incorporating the thermal masking material.
Exposing a cell phone to an outside heat source is the most common cause of overheating. Leaving a phone sitting directly in the sun, inside a hot car or under a lamp that produces heat can cause the phone to feel hot to the touch. Particularly harmful is to expose the battery to heat when it is fully charged, as the battery will be periodically checked and charged back up to 100 percent, applying stress. Depth of discharge also affects battery life, meaning it is best not to let the charge run down to zero percent. Anything over about 30 degrees centigrade will start negatively impacting a lithium-ion battery, and this is a temperature phones typically climb above every time charging occurs.
With temperatures consistently reaching the high nineties or more, leaving a phone in a vehicle can quickly lead to overheating. If a phone needs to be left in a vehicle, it should be tucked away in a shady spot. This protective action may not completely stop the phone from reaching high temperatures, but it will be much safer than leaving it in direct sunlight.
It is known that smart phones are sensitive to environmental conditions. By way of example, temperatures in excess of 95° Fahrenheit, as well as temperatures less than 32° Fahrenheit, can negatively affect the performance of a cell phone. Some smartphones list the optimum range of temperatures in their technical specification. For example, when the phone is turned off, an iPhone can withstand temperatures between −4° and 113° Fahrenheit. When the phone is turned on, the range is much narrower. Apple suggests 32° Fahrenheit as the lowest operating ambient temperature. Other phones are rated for much lower temperatures, and some can go as low as −4° Fahrenheit while in operation.
When lithium-ion batteries are exposed to cold temperatures, their performance suffers. When cold, a phone battery can drain faster than normal or it might indicate it has ample power remaining and then suddenly go dead. The problems are only temporary and the battery should behave normally when the device is brought back up to warmer temperatures. Heat affects mobile phones, mobile laptops and mobile tablets that are exposed to the sun or heat when, for example, they are exposed to direct sun when located on a boat or left in a car during the summertime. Cold affects mobile phones, mobile laptops and mobile tablets that are exposed to cold ambient temperatures when, for example, being utilized on a ski slope.
Dropping a cell phone can cause damage to multiple portions of a cell phone. Cracked glass is one of the most common forms of damage to broken cell phones. The glass can crack when a phone is dropped or accidentally stepped on, or crushed while leaning against an object. Manufacturers are trying to make cell phones sturdier as the devices become more advanced, but smartphone screens are still made of breakable glass.
Dropping of a cell phone can affect the cell phone buttons. Buttons that do not work or stick are functionally problematic. Nonfunctioning buttons affect the ability to text, search the Internet, and dial the phone. Buttons may stop working because of a cell phone's circuits being exposed to moisture or heat, or become broken as a result of a drop.
Cell phone speakers can stop working due to loose or corroded internal parts, or damaged hardware from dropping the phone. There is a need for an environmentally protective sleeve for a cell phone, smart phone, laptop, or tablet that protects these mobile electronic devices from overheating, extreme cold, damage from being dropped, and damage from water.
Thermal signatures (such as an IR signature) are known, as are ways to mask the thermal signature with a reflective material like that of metalized Mylar. Such masking has been utilized for security, military and law enforcement. However, while masking the thermal signature of the individual or a piece of equipment such as a military tank, the reflective material draws attention to an adverse distant observer by way of its reflection of light. There is a need for a material that will mask a thermal signature while minimizing reflective light. Such material, as taught herein, may also be used to protect an electronic device from damage.
According to embodiments, the present invention provides a protective sleeve for an electronic device. The protective sleeve may have multiple layers, including a reflective layer, one or more insulating or durability layers, which may include a buoyant layer, and a protective layer. In embodiments, the layers may also be referred to as surfaces. In embodiments, the reflective layer is the outermost layer. The reflective layer can be made of metalized Mylar® or a material with similar reflectivity and can have an emissivity within a range of about 0.05 to 0.40. In embodiments, the protective sleeve includes a buoyant layer disposed between the outermost layer and an innermost layer, which can be made of foam or other buoyant material with a thickness in the range of about 0.12 inches to 1 inch. In embodiments, the protective layer is the innermost layer (i.e. closest to the electronic device) and is made of fleece, microfleece, or similar material. In embodiments, the innermost layer containing fleece or microfleece can serve as an insulating layer or as both an insulating layer and a protective layer. In embodiments, the protective sleeve can include only 2 layers of those described above, or can include 3 or even 4 or more layers. According to embodiments, the electronic device that is housed by the thermal protective sleeve is a smart phone, cell phone, laptop, or tablet.
According to other embodiments, the present invention provides a protective sleeve for an electronic device where the outer layer comprises a printed layer and/or colored layer. A reflective layer can be located beneath the printed outer layer. The outer layer may be composed of nylon or similar material. In embodiments, the layers of the protective sleeve are arranged from the outermost to innermost layers according to a first layer which is a colored material; a second layer which is a reflective material; a third layer which is nylon ripstop or similar material; a fourth layer which is foam; and a fifth layer which is microfleece. In other embodiments, the colored material can be printed. In other embodiments, the layers of the protective sleeve are arranged from the outermost to innermost according to a first layer which is a colored material; a second layer which is a reflective material; a third layer which is foam; and a fourth layer which is microfleece. In other embodiments, the protective sleeve can have an arrangement of layers from the outermost to innermost layers as follows; a first layer which is a reflective material; a second layer which is nylon ripstop or similar material; a third layer which is foam; and a fourth layer which is microfleece. Any combination of these types of layers is feasible depending on the application and additional or fewer layers can be included.
According to embodiments, the emissivity of the protective sleeve may be in the range of 0.05 to 0.6, including 0.4 to 0.6, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.3 to 0.5, 0.05 to 0.2, and so on. Further, the thermal protective sleeve as disclosed herein is capable of protecting an electronic device within a range of negative 32° Fahrenheit to 300° Fahrenheit.
According to various embodiments, the reflective layer may be a laminate which includes two materials: a highly reflective continuous metalized Mylar® polyester film (such as aluminized polyester film) laminated to Rip Stop Nylon or similar material.
Various features and advantages of the invention, only some of which are discussed herein, are described as follows according to embodiments. In embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of providing thermal protection which protects the mobile electronic devices from overheating in direct and indirect sunlight and high ambient temperatures. Further, in embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of floating in water, with or without a mobile electronic device inside. Additionally, in embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of reflecting infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) heat from sunlight. Further, in embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of providing access to charging ports on the electronic device, allowing a user to stream Bluetooth® data, and/or allowing a user to send and receive phone calls and other data during use. Still further, in embodiments the protective sleeve is capable of providing drop/shock protection during use.
Further, according to embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of being used with or without a protective case housing the device. Additionally, according to embodiments, the protective sleeve is capable of providing insulation from extreme cold such that it is capable of preventing the device from freezing when temperatures are below 32° F. Additional embodiments include a feature such as a user ID tag for the owner to place initials or other identifying information on the tag.
Additional embodiments include a thermal masking material which includes a colored or printed outer layer and a continuous metalized reflective layer such as a metalized reflective polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (e.g. Mylar®) disposed beneath the colored or printed outer layer as an inner liner. In embodiments, the continuous metalized reflective material is laminated to a Rip Stop Nylon material or similar material. In embodiments, the reflective layer is disposed between an inner liner and an outer surface layer as a middle layer. The thermal masking material can have a variety of uses such as a sniper blind, camouflage clothing, or camouflage covering. Further, the thermal masking material can cover a piece of equipment or a human such that there is an air gap between the piece of equipment or human and the material. The air gap can include cooled air.
Further, embodiments of the thermal masking material include an outer nylon layer and a continuous metalized Mylar material layer attached, bonded, or laminated to the underside of the outer nylon layer. The outer nylon layer can be printed and/or colored. The nylon layer can include Rip Stop Nylon. In embodiments, the reflective surface is located as a middle layer between an outer layer and an inner layer, whereby the inner layer is water resistant. In other embodiments, the reflective surface is located between an outer layer which is water resistant and an inner layer which is a porous layer. Other embodiments include a tape which includes an outer layer, a reflective middle layer and an innermost adhesive layer which can be used to seal air leaks.
These embodiments as well as additional embodiments and their features will be apparent in the foregoing Detailed Description.
The accompanying drawings illustrate certain aspects of embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the invention. Together with the written description the drawings serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the following discussion of exemplary embodiments is not intended as a limitation on the invention. Rather, the following discussion is provided to give the reader a more detailed understanding of certain aspects and features of the invention.
As used herein, the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example within 2 standard deviations of the mean. The term “about” can be understood as within 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.01% of the stated value. Unless otherwise clear from the context, all numerical values provided herein are modified by the term “about.”
As used herein, the term “metallized” (as in “metallized” Mylar®) refers to a material such as a polymer film which has been coated with a thin layer of metal, such as aluminum, chromium, or nickel, typically through a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The thin layer of metal can be coated on one surface of the material or both surfaces.
As used herein, the term “laminated” (or variations including “laminate”, “lamination”, and the like) refers to the process or result of creating a composite material by joining two layers together, typically under heat and pressure and through use of an adhesive.
As used herein, “Mylar®” may be used interchangeably with “biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film”, “polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film”, “polyester film”, and similar terminology.
According to embodiments, the protective sleeve may include two layers (outer, inner), three layers (outer, middle and inner), or four layers (outer, first middle layer, second middle layer, inner layer). In embodiments, the protective sleeve may include one or more layer of material in any number of layers. One or more of the layers of the protective sleeve may be bonded together, or may not be bonded together. In embodiments, some, all or none of the layers of material of the protective sleeve may be bonded to another layer in the protective sleeve. In embodiments, some, all or none of the layers of material of the protective sleeve may be bonded to another layer in the protective sleeve. In embodiments, some, all or none of the layers of material of the protective sleeve may be joined together.
Various embodiments described below include a reflective layer such as a metallized Mylar® polyester film laminated to another material such as a Rip Stop Nylon to create a composite material. According to embodiments, the reflective layer may have a reflective surface (e.g. a surface which includes a thin metallic film which is deposited through metallization) and a non-reflective surface, or two reflective surfaces. In some embodiments where the reflective layer has one reflective surface, the composite may be manufactured such that the non-reflective surface is bound directly to the Rip Stop Nylon, such that the reflective surface remains exposed. In other embodiments where the reflective layer has one reflective surface, the composite may be manufactured such that that the reflective surface is bound directly to the Rip Stop Nylon such that the reflective surface is hidden. In embodiments where the reflective layer has two reflective surfaces, one reflective surface will be bound directly to the Rip Stop Nylon and hidden, and one will remain exposed. Thus, in embodiments of the protective sleeve which follow, a reflective surface may face outward (away from the electronic device), inward (toward the electronic device), or both inward and outward. The orientation of the reflective surfaces will depend on the particular application of the protective sleeve (e.g. whether it is intended to protect the device from heat, cold, or both). Further, the reflective surface(s) may be hidden (e.g. covered by another layer) or exposed. Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is the reflective surface(s) of the reflective layer which are believed to primarily trap/reflect infrared energy within or keep infrared energy out of the protective sleeve.
A two-layer embodiment of the invention provides an outer reflective layer and inner protective layer. The outer reflective layer may include Mylar® polyester film, such as a highly-reflective “continuous” metalized Mylar® polyester film, or aluminized polyester film laminated to a Rip Stop Nylon or similar material, and the emissivity of the outer layer may be in the range of about 0.05 to 0.40, such as less than 0.40, less than 0.30, less than 0.20, or less than 0.10. For example, the emissivity can be 0.1 to 0.2, or 0.02 to 0.35, or 0.01 to 0.25, or 0.04 to 0.15, and so on. Further, in embodiments, the outer metalized surface of the outer reflective layer has a reflectivity in the range of between 80% and 100%, with a preferred range between 90% and 100%. The inner protective layer may include a micro-fleece type material (lining) which is capable of protecting the touch screen on the device and preventing scratches.
A three-layer embodiment provides an outer reflective layer, a middle insulation/air space layer, and an inner protective layer. The outer reflective layer may include Mylar® polyester film such as a highly-reflective “continuous” metalized Mylar® polyester film, or aluminized polyester film laminated to a Rip Stop Nylon or similar material, and the emissivity of the outer layer may be less than 0.40 (0.05-0.40 is a preferred range), or in any range provided herein. Further, in embodiments, the outer metalized surface of the outer reflective layer has a reflectivity in the range of between 80% and 100%, with a preferred range between 90% and 100%. The middle insulation layer may include ⅛-⅜″ thick open cell insulation foam which provides buoyancy and additional drop/shock protection for the device. The inside protective layer may include a micro-fleece type material (lining) which protects the touch screen on the device and prevents scratches.
A first four-layer embodiment provides an outer reflective layer, a first middle insulation layer, a second middle insulation layer, an inner protective layer. The outside reflective layer may include Mylar® polyester film or aluminized polyester film or similar material, and the emissivity of outer layer may be less than 0.40 (0.05-0.40 is a preferred range), or in any range provided herein. The first middle insulation layer may include nylon or polyester Rip Stop material similar to 70D Rip Stop Nylon. The second middle insulation layer may include a ⅛-⅜″ thick open cell insulation foam which provides buoyancy and additional drop/shock protection for the device. The inside protective layer may include a micro-fleece type material (lining) which protects the touch screen on the device and prevents scratches.
A second four-layer embodiment provides an outer protective double layer which includes a layer of printed Rip Stop Nylon or similar material and a highly-reflective “continuous” metalized Mylar® polyester film, or aluminized polyester film laminated to a Rip Stop Nylon or similar material. Further, in embodiments, the surface of the outer reflective layer has a reflectivity in the range of between 80% and 100%, with a preferred range between 90% and 100%. Further, this embodiment includes a middle insulation/air space layer and an inner protective layer. The middle insulation layer may include ⅛-⅜″ thick open cell insulation foam which provides buoyancy and additional drop/shock protection for the device. The inside protective layer may include a micro-fleece type material (lining) which protects the touch screen on the device and prevents scratches.
A third four-layer embodiment provides an outer reflective layer, a first middle insulation layer, a second middle insulation layer, an inner protective layer. The outside reflective layer may include Mylar® polyester film, such as a highly-reflective “continuous” metalized Mylar® polyester film, or aluminized polyester film laminated to a Rip Stop Nylon or similar material, and the emissivity of outer layer may be less than 0.40 (0.05-0.40 is a preferred range), or in any range provided herein. Further, in embodiments, the outer metalized surface of the outer reflective layer has a reflectivity in the range of between 80% and 100%, with a preferred range between 90% and 100%. The first middle insulation layer may include nylon or polyester Rip Stop material similar to 70D Rip Stop Nylon. The second middle insulation layer may include a ⅛-⅜″ thick open cell insulation foam which provides buoyancy and additional drop/shock protection for the device. The inside protective layer may include a micro-fleece type material (lining) which protects the touch screen on the device and prevents scratches.
According to embodiments, a closure can be provided to close the protective sleeve, which closure may be a plastic spring strip closure or other closure system such as a hook and loop closure or similar type of closure. However, according to embodiments, the closure may be configured so that it does not seal the sleeve and thus allows thermal energy to dissipate through. Further, any embodiment may include a woven tag which provides a user ID on the tag.
Turning now to the figures,
In another embodiment (shown in
Turning now to
In any embodiment of the invention, the outer surface or layer can be coated with any one or more of a water repellant coating, a non-breathable coating, a non-porous coating, a hydrophobic coating, a UV blocking coating, or a UV filtering coating. Further, any embodiment of the invention can include a closure such as a plastic spring strip closure, hook and loop closure, magnetic closure, and the like. Further, it is preferred that the closure does not seal the sleeve completely to allow thermal energy to dissipate through.
Additionally, any embodiment may include additional features such as a woven tag, easy open pull tabs made of PVC rubber, nylon webbing, or similar materials, one or more tether attachment points, a User ID, and a radiofrequency identification (RFID) or Bluetooth low energy (BLW) beacon system or similar technology for alerting the location of the protective sleeve. Further, in certain embodiments, the protective sleeve may include one or more pockets for holding miscellaneous items. The one or more pockets can be formed on the outside or inside surface(s) of the sleeve and have the same or different material construction as the case or sleeve.
Additional embodiments include a thermal masking material which includes a colored or printed nylon outer layer and an IR reflective layer with an emissivity within the range of 0.05 to 0.2 constructed of a highly reflective continuous metalized reflective layer such as a metalized reflective polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (e.g. Mylar®) disposed beneath the colored or printed outer layer. Various materials of the thermal masking material include the following layers of materials:
Material A: Printed Rip Stop Nylon
Material B: IR Reflective material with an emissivity within the range of 0.05-0.2 constructed and constructed of a highly reflective “continuous” metalized Mylar or similar material
Material C: Nylon or polyester ripstop material similar to 70D Rip Stop Nylon
Material D: Layer of open cell flat foam surface or similar consisting of no less than ⅜ of an inch thickness
Material E: Polyester micro-fleece or similar type material
The above materials can be utilized in the thermal masking material in any order, such as in the embodiments below:
Embodiment #1 which is reversible provides the layers/materials in the following order: A, B, C, D, C, B, A.
Embodiment #2 which also is reversible provides the layers/materials in the following order: A, B, C, D, E, D, C, B, A.
Embodiment #3 which is not reversible provides the layers/materials in the following order: A, B, C, D, E.
Embodiment #4 which is not reversible provides the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D.
Embodiment #5 which is not reversible provides the layers in the following order; A, B, C.
Variations of the above embodiments are contemplated which have less layers/materials or layers/materials arranged in a different order, provided that, in embodiments, Material B is always present in at least one layer of the layered construction.
The thermal masking material may have a variety of uses.
In aspects, the invention includes a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath.
In aspects, the invention includes a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath, wherein the reflective surface is an inner liner.
In aspects, the invention includes a reflective surface disposed between an inner liner and the outer surface.
In aspects, the invention includes a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath, wherein the outer surface comprises nylon and the continuous metalized reflective surface is attached or bonded to an underside of the nylon.
In aspects, the invention covers a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath, wherein the outer surface comprises Ripstop or nylon with interwoven reinforcement threads arranged in a cross hatch pattern.
In aspects, the invention includes a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath, wherein the reflective surface is disposed between the outer layer and an inner layer and the inner layer is water resistant.
In aspects, the invention includes a material comprising a colored or printed outer surface and a continuous metalized reflective surface there beneath, wherein the reflective surface is disposed between the outer layer, which is water resistant, and an inner layer, which is porous.
In aspects, the invention includes tape comprising a colored or printed outer surface or layer, a continuous metalized reflective middle layer, and an innermost surface or layer comprising an adhesive.
In aspects, the invention includes a method of using said tape for one or more of a sniper blind, clothing, camouflage clothing, camouflage covering, or camouflage sniper blind, or combinations thereof.
In aspects, the invention includes a method of using said tape to cover equipment, whereby an air gap is disposed between the equipment and the material. This method may further comprise circulating cooled air in the air gap.
In aspects, the invention includes a method of using said tape to cover a human, whereby an air gap is disposed between the human and the material. This method may further comprise circulating cooled air in the air gap.
In aspects, the invention includes a thermal masking product comprising a first, second, and third surface layered together, wherein the second surface is a reflective surface and is disposed between the first surface and the third surface such that the reflective surface of the second surface is completely or partially covered.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the second surface is infrared (IR) reflective with an emissivity of 0.5 to 0.20.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the second surface comprises metalized polyester film.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the thermal masking product is a thermal masking tape wherein the first and/or third surfaces comprise an adhesive.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the first surface comprises printed Rip Stop Nylon, nylon with interwoven reinforcement threads arranged in a cross hatch pattern, or a coated membrane fabric.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the product is an article of clothing.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the second surface is laminated to the first surface, and the first or third surfaces comprise nylon.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the second surface comprises metalized polyester film.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the metalized polyester film has a reflectivity in the range of 80% to 100%.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the second layer of material further comprises interwoven reinforcement threads arranged in a cross hatch pattern.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the first surface is an outer surface comprising a coating chosen from one or more of a water repellant coating, a non-breathable coating, a non-porous coating, a hydrophobic coating, a UV blocking coating, or a UV filtering coating, or combinations thereof.
In aspects, the invention includes a thermal masking product comprising three or more of the following layers:
A. printed Rip Stop Nylon;
B. an IR Reflective material with an emissivity within the range of 0.05 to 0.4;
C. nylon;
D. open or closed cell insulation foam; and/or
E. microfleece or similar material
wherein layer “B” is always present in the thermal masking product and is disposed between any one or more of layers A, C, D, or E.
In aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, E, D, C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, E, D, C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, and E.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, D, and E.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, and D.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, C, and D.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, and C.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: A, B, and C.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is not reversible and comprises the layers in the following order: C, B, and A.
In other aspects, the thermal masking product is an article of clothing.
In other aspects of the thermal masking product, layer B is laminated to layer A or layer C.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, layer B comprises polyester film.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, layer B comprises metalized polyester film.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, layer B is laminated to layer A or layer C and the thermal masking product comprises nylon with interwoven reinforcement threads arranged in a cross hatch pattern.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, the metalized polyester film has a reflectivity in the range of 80% to 100%.
In aspects of the thermal masking product, it is a plurality of plates configured to fit together to cover a piece of equipment.
Various dimensions, materials, designs and embodiments provided in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting, but are rather provided by way of example only. An artisan of ordinary skill is capable of modifying the dimensions of the protective sleeve to accommodate mobile or portable electronic devices of different dimensions, including a flip phone, smart phone, tablet, and laptop computer, according to the manufacturing specifications of a particular electronic device. The interior dimensions can thus be modified to accommodate electronic devices of different sizes. Further, other embodiments of the invention may include materials which have equivalent capabilities to those discussed herein, which may be apparent to a person who is skilled in the art.
The present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments having various features. In light of the disclosure provided above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the practice of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed features may be used singularly, in any combination, or omitted based on the requirements and specifications of a given application or design. When an embodiment refers to “comprising” certain features, it is to be understood that the embodiments can alternatively “consist of” or “consist essentially of” any one or more of the features. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention.
It is noted in particular that where a range of values is provided in this specification, each value between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range as well. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary in nature and that variations that do not depart from the essence of the invention fall within the scope of the invention. Further, all of the references cited in this disclosure are each individually incorporated by reference herein in their entireties and as such are intended to provide an efficient way of supplementing the enabling disclosure of this invention as well as provide background detailing the level of ordinary skill in the art.
The present application relies on the disclosures of and claims priority to and the benefit of the filing dates of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/424,579, filed Nov. 21, 2016, U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/460,946 and 62/460,943, filed Feb. 20, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/492,382 and 62/492,386, filed May 1, 2017. The disclosures of each of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20180141741 A1 | May 2018 | US |
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