Patent Grant
7721920
The invention relates to a container and cap for an aerosol spray bottle, particularly for an aerosol spray bottle having an ergonomic design.
US published patent application No. 2004/0149781 to Kunesh, which is hereby incorporated by reference, describes a pressurized plastic bottle with partially concave sides, a convex shoulder and a convex bottom.
The transition between bottom portion 6 and side portion 7 of the spray bottle of
Cap member 21 of the spray bottle of
Other conventional designs are illustrated at U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,152,411, 6,491,187 and 5,954,224, and US published application 2003/0215400, and published PCT application No. WO 03.097484, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Typical designs have container walls with straight or convex shapes.
A conventional aerosol cap and actuator is described at US published patent application No. 2005/0218164, which is also incorporated by reference. Referring to
Referring now to
Seated within outer receptacle 411 is inner receptacle 413 for containing a liquefied propellant 414 having a liquid phase and an overlying gaseous phase. Inner receptacle 413 is substantially rigid to withstand deformation by the propellant. Inner receptacle 413 is closed at its upper end by closure 415 in the form of an aerosol mounting cup as shown in
Closure 415 seals inner propellant receptacle 413 by peripheral channel portion 417 being clinched about upper circumferential peripheral bead 423 of inner receptacle 413. In turn the clinched bead 423 and channel 417 rest upon circumferential ledge 424 to seat inner receptacle 413 within outer receptacle 411. The outer periphery of outer receptacle 411 is threaded at the top by threads 425. Cylindrical screw-on plastic cap 426 has a central opening 427 through which actuator 421 and valve stem 419 extend. Cap 426 further has a downwardly extending circular flange 428 which firmly captures the clinched bead 423 and channel 417 between the flange and ledge 424 when the cap 426 is screwed onto the outer plastic receptacle 411.
Further examples are provided at U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,908,017, 6,932,244, and 6,398,082, 6,390,326, 5,888,598, 6,702,978, 5,585,125, 6,884,382, 5,152,411, 6,491,187, 6,394,364, 5,553,753, 5,199,615, and 6,176,382, as well as at US published applications Nos. 2004/0149781, 2005/0060953, 2003/0215400, 2003/0215399, 2001/0045434, and 2004/0166266, which are each incorporated herein by reference. It is desired to have an aerosol spray bottle that has an improved cap, and particularly in combination with an improved container design.
A method of diluting hypochlorite is described at US published application No. 2005/0232847. A method for deactivating allergens is described at US published application No. 2005/0214386. A mold system is described at US2005/0216291, while packaging options are illustrated at US2005/0221113. A multilayer spray bottle is described at US2005/0232848, while a dry hypochlorite is described at US2005/0233900. Each of these references is incorporated by reference. It is desired to have an improved aerosol spray bottle for containing and dispensing a dilute hypochlorite substance.
A pressure-resistant container is provided for coupling with a cap and an optional base to form an aerosol spray bottle. The cap includes a spray trigger for controlling a valve, while the base is for mounting the container in an upright position. The container has a pressurized substance therein and defines a valve-sealed opening for selectively releasing the pressurized substance from the container by actuating the spray trigger to open the valve. The container is configured such that when the cap is coupled atop the container, exposed outer walls of the container have a continuously concave shape, or a flat portion and a concave portion, at least from a junction of the container with the cap through a gripping portion of the container. When coupled with the optional base, the exposed outer walls of the container are preferably further continuously concave to the junction of the container with the base.
The pressure-resistant container preferably holds a substance at between 50 psi and 200 psi, or between 70 psi and 200 psi, or between 100 psi and 200 psi. The container preferably contains between 1 and 35 fluid ounces, or between 6 and 35 fluid ounces, between 8 and 20 fluid ounces.
The container may advantageously have a shape-change index between 0.3 degrees and 0.7 or 0.8 degrees at 200 psi, or not more than 1.0 degree at 300 psi, or 1.3 degrees at 400 psi. The container may exhibit a percent increase in height of the container due to pressure that is between 0.3% and 0.7% or 1.0% at 200 psi, or not more than 1.1% at 300 psi, or 1.5% at 400 psi. The container may have a characteristic percent increase in volume due to pressure that is between 1% and 3% at 200 psi, or not more than 4.5% at 300 psi or not more than 6% at 400 psi.
The radius of curvature of the exposed concave side walls of the container is preferably between 600 mm and 800 mm. The container has diameters preferably between 20 mm and 150 mm, or between 50 mm and 80 mm. The container may include a grip area in its upper half, which has a diameter between 20 mm and 80 mm, or between 50 mm and 60 mm. The preferred particle size within the pressurized substance is less than approximately 120 μm. A wall thickness of the container is preferably between 0.01 in. and 0.1 in., or between 0.02 in. and 0.1 in. The container may include a shoulder adjacent the opening near the top beneath the cap in the shape of a hemisphere, and with hemisphere base diameter between 20 mm and 80 mm, or between 50 mm and 60 mm. The container may have a shoulder adjacent the opening near the top beneath the cap in the shape of a truncated cone with angle between 15 degrees and 75 degrees, and with base diameter between 20 mm and 80 mm, or between 50 mm and 60 mm.
An aerosol spray bottle is also provided including a cap, a pressure-resistant plastic container and an optional base. The cap includes a spray trigger for controlling a valve. The container has a pressurized substance therein and defines a valve-sealed opening for releasing the substance from the container by actuating the spray trigger to open the valve. The optional base is for mounting the container in an upright position. The container is configured such that when the cap is coupled atop the container, exposed outer walls of the spray bottle have a continuously decreasing diameter from a gripping portion of the cap to at least a junction of the container with the cap. Preferably, the diameter of the exposed outer walls of the spray bottle also does not increase from the junction of the container with the cap at least through a gripping portion of the container.
Alternately, the container is configured such that when the cap is coupled atop the container, the exposed outer walls of the spray bottle comprise a cross-sectional area that does not increase from the junction of the container with the cap through a gripping portion of the container, and the cross-sectional area does increase along some section from the gripping portion of the container to the bottom of the container, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the container from said gripping portion to the bottom of the container is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area from the junction of the container with the cap to the gripping portion. Alternately, the container is configured such that when the cap is coupled atop the container, at least one arbitrary 0.5 inch horizontal section (0.5 inch volumetric slice) of the exposed outer walls of the spray bottle from the junction of the container with the cap through a gripping portion of the container comprises a volume that is not less than the volume for the adjacent 0.5 inch horizontal section below it, and the volume of at least one arbitrary 0.5 inch horizontal section from the gripping portion of the container to the bottom of the container is not greater than the adjacent 0.5 inch section below it, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the container from the gripping portion to the bottom of the container is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area from the junction of the container with the cap to the gripping portion. A container of design 820, but having surface irregularities, such as small horizontal ribs or multiple dimples, would still have at least one arbitrary 0.5 in horizontal section where the volume would not increase.
The exposed outer walls of the spray bottle preferably have a continuously concave shape, or a flat portion and a concave portion, from the junction of the container with the cap and through at least the gripping portion of the container, and the maximum diameter of the container from the gripping portion to the bottom of the container is greater than the maximum diameter from the junction of the container with the cap to the gripping portion. The container of the spray bottle may also be configured advantageously in accordance with the above-mentioned pressure-resistant container, or as otherwise described hereinbelow.
The cap of the spray bottle may have a diameter at its junction with the container that is smaller than an opposing diameter at the top of the spray bottle. Diameters of the cap may vary between 20 mm and 80 mm, or between 50 mm and 60 mm. The cap may have a concave curvature having a radius of curvature between 500 mm and 900 mm. The cap may have a top side with a convex shape. Walls of the cap may have an upside-down truncated cone shape. The cap may have a front side where the substance is expelled that is 3.2 mm to 64 mm higher than the back side where the base of a user's finger is when the user actuates the trigger with a fingertip. The spray trigger may be disposed at the top of the cap opposite the junction of the cap with the container, and the spray trigger may have a substantially flat exposed surface at downward angle between 10 degrees and 60 degrees from horizontal when the bottle is mounted upright. The spray trigger may also include a concave exposed surface having a radius of curvature between 7 mm and 160 mm.
a-6c illustrate top, side and perspective views of a container for a spray bottle in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
a-7f illustrate containers for spray bottles having six different shoulder designs in accordance with alternative embodiments.
a illustrates an assembled spray bottle in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
b is an exploded view of the spray bottle of
c-8h illustrate side, perspective and top views of two alternative embodiments of a pressure resistant container having a petaloid base.
A plastic aerosol container 510 with concave sidewalls in accordance with a preferred embodiment is shown at left in
The container 510 at left in
Although a circular cross-section is preferred, where the term “diameter” is mentioned regarding a spray bottle in accordance with a preferred or alternative embodiment, it is meant to include a circular or elliptically shaped cap, container and/or base, or any other cross-sectional shape (from a top view of the container at left in
Because of the decreasing diameter of the cap from at least a gripping portion to its junction with the container 510 (based on the orientation shown in
a-6c illustrate top, side and perspective views of a container for a spray bottle in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The shoulder 604 has a convex shape with radius of curvature of about 26 mm. The diameter of a flat portion 606 of the container has a non-changing diameter 608 of about 52 mm. A concave portion 610 of the container is just below the flat portion 606 and has a radius of curvature at about its center 612 of around 622 mm. A third portion 616 is also concave and has a radius curvature at its approximate center 614 of about 768 mm. Where the third portion 616 meets a bottom portion 620, the container has a diameter 622 of about 76 mm. The radius of curvature of the bottom portion 620 about half way down is about 38 mm. The height of the container represented schematically at
The diameter 630 of the container at about the center is shown in
a-7f illustrate containers for spray bottles having six different shoulder designs in accordance with alternative embodiments. Each of the designs illustrated in
a illustrates a container 700 having a convex shoulder. The radii of curvature at points 702 and 704 are about 10 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively.
b illustrates a container 706 having a truncated cone shaped shoulder. The radii of curvature at the points 708 and 710 are about 10 mm and 5 mm, respectively.
c illustrates a container 714 having a concave shoulder. The radii of curvature at points 716, 718 and 720 are about 10 mm, 50 mm and 5 mm,
d illustrates a container 724 having a straight shoulder. The radii of curvature at points 726 and 728 are about 3 mm and 5 mm, respectively.
e illustrates a container 734 having a curved shoulder. The radii of curvature at points 736 and 738 are about 18 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively.
f illustrates a container 744 having a hemispherical shoulder. The radii of curvature at points 746 and 748 are about 26.25 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively.
a illustrates an assembled spray bottle in accordance with a preferred embodiment, while
As to a few details, the aerosol spray bottle preferably produces a fine mist over the duration of use of the product. A compressed gas propellant may be used that is stable within the container. Nitrogen gas may be used as a propellant, based on its compatibility with dilute hypochlorite substances, and because it has the lowest permeation rate through Polyethylene Terephthalate (hereinafter “PET”). A balance is maintained for the headspace, nitrogen pressure, and the hypochlorite substance to achieve a small particle size over the life of the product. The dilute hypochlorite substance preferably has about 125 ppm or less, with a pH of 5.5 adjusted with succinic acid, and/or hydrochloric acid. A particle size of the spray mist that is expelled from the spray bottle when the spray trigger is depressed is approximately 60 um, and preferably less than 120 um. The bottom 850 of the container 820 may be shaped as hemisphere with the base 830 as illustrated at
Ergonomics
Both the container 820 and the cap 810 have concave sidewalls that create a smaller relative diameter in the grip area 840 of the spray bottle, providing an adequate grip for consumers while avoiding an excessive reduction in the net content, and helping to keep the cost per oz of product at a reasonable level. Typically aerosols have a cylindrical shape and usually aerosol companies use wide diameter packages in order to increase the net content, which is recognized by the inventors herein to be very inconvenient for consumers from the ergonomic point of view, especially for people who generally have small hands.
The container 820 has a smaller diameter on the top than at the bottom. To achieve these proportions the sidewalls may have a radius of curvature range preferably from 500 mm to 900 mm. The bottle diameter in the grip area 840 has been found to be the most appropriate for an easy hold and it is between 20 mm and 70 mm. Another option to achieve these ergonomically convenient proportions for the bottle is to use truncated cone shaped sidewalls at an angle between 15 degrees and 75 degrees.
The cap 810 has a smaller diameter on the bottom compared with the top. To achieve these proportions the sidewalls of the cap 810 have a radius of curvature range from 500 mm to 900 mm. The diameter of the cap 810 in the grip area 840 is preferably between 20 mm and 70 mm, for permitting a best grip. Another option to achieve these ergonomically convenient proportions for the cap 810 is to use upside down truncated cone shaped sidewalls at an angle between 0 degrees and 10 degrees. The cap is described is further detail below with reference to
Permeation
The propellant fill pressure is preferably above 50 psi, and particularly around 100-170 or 200 psi. The pressure provides a fine mist spray, and compensates for loss of pressure over time and during the use of the product due to the expansion of headspace. In that regard, the headspace is preferably at least 30% and particularly around 50%. This minimizes pressure loss during use of the product due to the expansion, and to hold enough propellant to minimize the impact of loss of gas due to permeation through the plastic bottle, the valve and the valve crimp over the bottle.
Nitrogen is the preferred propellant due to its lower permeability through plastics like PET (vs other compressed and non flammable gases like CO2 and air).
Although CO2 has higher permeability through plastics, it can be an alternative due to its solubility in water based formulas, what creates a “gas reservoir” in the liquid phase that compensates the loss of propellant over time by being released from the liquid to the vapor phase to maintain corresponding equilibrium pressure.
Another alternative to reduce the permeability through PET is a process for the bottle manufacture that is called “heat-set”. This process involves keeping the bottle molds warmer than in a traditional process, which slows down the cooling of the bottle and helps to increase the percentage of crystals in the plastic. PET, as with other poly-olefins which may be used as alternative container materials, is a two molecular structure material, i.e., having a crystalline and an amorphous phase. The crystalline structure provides a superior gas barrier than the amorphous one.
An advantageous solution to minimize the impact of loss of propellant is to use liquefied gases (e.g., hydro-fluoro-carbons (HFCs), hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether (DME), and other known to those skilled in the art). Liquefied gas-based aerosols maintain pressure notwithstanding permeation, because they keep the vapor pressure due to the liquid/vapor phase equilibrium. This application will also be possible for plastic aerosols when DOT approves the use of higher pressure non flammable propellants or flammable propellants for plastic containers larger than 4 floz.
Pressure Resistance
The preferred container design advantageously includes features that increase the internal pressure resistance and minimize deformation under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. This provides for the maintenance of the integrity of the plastic bottle. The concave side walls of a container in accordance with a preferred embodiment thus have a radius of curvature between 600 mm and 800 mm particularly to minimize deformation and visual detection of bulging.
A hemispherical shoulder such as that illustrated at
Wall thicknesses in different areas found to resist the relevant pressure levels required are: at location below the shoulder, the minimum thickness preferably is 0.01 to 0.02 inch; at location halfway up the container, the minimum thickness preferably is 0.01 to 0.02 inch; at location 1 in above the bottom, the minimum thickness preferably is 0.01 to 0.02 inch.
The heat-set process described in the permeation section is advantageous for increasing the bottle pressure resistance as the crystalline phase has stronger mechanical properties than the amorphous one. Under these conditions, it is possible to have a plastic aerosol bottle above 12 floz, and foreseeably up to around 30 floz or more.
Container bottom designs that may be used to handle pressure resistance requirements include hemispherical, petaloid, and champagne styles. The champagne style bottom is illustrated in
Valve/Propellant
The spray bottle has internal structure that be substantially conventional, e.g., such as that illustrated at
Propellants may include nitrogen, air, HFCs, or Hydrocarbons (propane, butane). The propellant may be used to create a fine mist spray of particle size between 50 micron and 120 micron. Nitrogen is a suitable propellant due to its low permeation through blow-molded plastic containers compared to other compressed and nonflammable gases like CO2 and air. As a compressed gas with low solubility in water based formulas, the internal pressure of nitrogen in the container is inversely proportional to the container headspace for a given propellant weight. As the product is being used, the headspace increases. Therefore, the pressure of the nitrogen gas decreases. Advantageously, when the initial headspace is between 30% to 50%, a fine mist and spray pattern performance during product use provides a particle size that remains less than 120 micron.
Comparison of
The designs illustrated at
Some background for these tests follows. The method of finite-element-analysis (FEA) involves dividing a complex surface into thousands of quadrilaterals and triangles and then solving the stress strain relationships in matrix form. As mentioned,
The shape-change index is the average angular change of the surface and is a measure of how much the shape deforms with pressure or other stress. The smaller the value the less the shape changes in appearance. For example, a sphere maintains its shape when subjected to internal pressure even though it expands and so the value of the shape-change index remains at zero degrees in that case. It is advantageous to keep the shape-change index as small as possible to avoid unsightly changes with pressure and to minimize consumer-noticeable shape-changes during the life cycle of the product. The shape-change index is calculated by area-weighted-averaging of the change in normal direction of all the surface elements when subjected to a stress, like pressure.
The percent increase in height is a measure of how much the height changes with pressure. Values near zero are preferred over larger values since then the package remains consistent with the closure, label and case.
The percent increase in volume is a measure of how much the volume changes with pressure. Smaller values are preferred because any increase in volume will affect the size of the container and its relationship to the case and shelf. In addition, increase in volume means a proportionately greater increase in the headspace volume and corresponding decrease in pressure, thus potentially impacting the performance of the aerosol package.
Test Results
At 100 psi, the shape change index for the container 510 is about 0.3, while it is above 0.4 for the container 520. At 200 psi, e.g., the shape-change index for container 510, shown by plot A in
Just as with
At 100 psi, the percent increase in height of the container 510 due to pressure is about 0.3%, while the same is not true for container 520. At 200 psi, the percent increase in height for container 510 is 0.7% or slightly less as illustrated by plot A of
At 100 psi, the % volume increase is shown to be about 1.4% for the container 510. At 200 psi, the % volume increase is about 3% or less. At 300 psi, the % volume increase is about 4.3%. At 400 psi, the % volume increase is less than about 6% or less.
In summary, using the well-accepted method of finite element analysis, a container 510 in accordance with a preferred embodiment is shown to provide a significant functional advantage over conventional container 520, in terms of shape-change index, percent height increase, and percent volume increase.
Cap
Referring now to
Referring to
Referring to
In order to further provide very convenient ergonomics for the actuation of the cap 900,
To improve the ergonomics of the finger pad of the spray trigger, a double injection molded piece on top of it can also be used. Another alternative is a post-molding operation to adhere rubber material of foam material on the finger pad. This enables the use of a softer material on the top surface of the finger pad than on the remainder of the finger pad, which improves the comfort and reduces the stress on the fingers during actuation.
A spray bottle/container in accordance with a preferred or alternative embodiment can deliver a wide range of actives including dilute hypochlorite, e.g., surfactants, buffers, fragrances, anti-allergen compounds, other air disinfectants, and/or deodorizing compounds. This technology is also advantageous in the personal care area or as air fresheners, or otherwise to deliver incompatible ingredients.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above herein, which may be amended or modified without departing from the scope of the present invention, which is as set forth in the appended claims and structural and functional equivalents thereof. In addition, all references cited above herein, in addition to the background and summary of the invention sections, are hereby incorporated by reference into the detailed description of the preferred embodiments as disclosing alternative embodiments.
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| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| WO03097484 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO2005108241 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070278253 A1 | Dec 2007 | US |
