Patent Application
20200261284
This invention relates generally to disposable absorbent products and more particularly to disposable absorbent garments for adults.
Various disposable undergarments are commercially available today from various manufacturers for use by adults having problems with incontinence. Examples of such products are men's and women's briefs sold under the trademark Depend® by Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The Depend® products utilize a chassis mounting an absorbent core in the crotch region of the chassis. The chassis itself comprises a colored nonwoven with approximately fifty seven transversely extending strands of white spandex elastic threads laminated between layers of a nonwoven spunbond fabric to impart elasticity to hold the undergarment close to the body of the wearer. The spacing between the elastic fibers is relatively large, e.g., 6-7 mm, so that the chassis exhibits a somewhat puckered appearance.
Other manufacturers provide similar types of undergarments making use of chassis for holding an absorbent core, wherein the chassis includes a plurality of transversely extending elastic threads or filaments to render the undergarment close-fitting in the interest of concealability and wearer comfort. For example, Proctor & Gamble offers incontinence underwear under the trademark Always®. That product also makes use of a chassis comprising approximately fifty seven transversely extending and relatively widely spaced strands of white spandex elastic threads sandwiched between two layers of a nonwoven spunbond fabric. The chassis mounts an absorbent core and includes six additional colored elastic threads in the rear of the chassis to serve as an indicator of the back side of the product. Like the Depend® products the Always® products also exhibit a somewhat puckered appearance.
Livedo, USA offers an incontinent brief under the trademark LivDry™ That product makes use of a chassis having approximately forty widely spaced transversely extending white spandex elastic strands in panels laminated between two layers of white spunbond fabric, plus an additional eight colored elastic spandex strands in the rear of the product to serve as an indicator of the back side of the product. Like the Depend® products and the Always® products, the LivDry™ products also exhibit a somewhat puckered appearance.
Kimberly-Clark manufactures two other adult incontinence products under the names: Depend Silhouette and Depend Real Fit. Both products employ an elastic meltblown film fabric-like material that is difficult to process, has higher cost and has limited stretch.
Moreover, many current adult disposable absorbent products, utilize what is known as a fiberized bleached wood fluff pulp and a SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer) mixture for the absorbent core. At low ratios of 30% or less SAP to pulp ratio, the core mixture may or may not be wrapped in an absorbent tissue to prevent the SAP from falling apart or out of the core. At higher levels of SAP at 50% or more, the core must be wrapped to prevent the loose SAP from being shaken out. Also a core adhesive may be added to prevent the heavier SAP particles from being separated from the fluff pulp fibers. The pulp fiber in these products is required to rapidly manage the body fluid exudates until the SAP can desorb the fluff fibers to prepare the fluff fibers for the next exudates. For an adult the amount of exudate is can easily exceed 300 ml. or more delivered over a time period of more than 70 seconds at a rate similar or less than what infants void.
A significant problem with the current absorbent products that contain wood fluff pulp or even wrapped with a tissue or air-laid is in all cases their construction results in a core which feels wet against the body after it has received the voided fluid(s). To address this wet feel, almost all current absorbent product designs employ a distancing layer of synthetic fibers on top of the “wet core” as an attempt to create a “feel drier” layer. This synthetic distancing layer is often called a “fluid transfer layer”, “fluid acquisition layer”, or “acquisition distribution layer (ADL)” and is typically much smaller than the core that it covers, leaving the edges of the core exposed. Moreover, despite their design goal, such fluid acquisition layers only work to a limited degree. In this regard as the exudate leaves the body at 98 degrees Fahrenheit it quickly drops to about 90 degrees Fahrenheit as it enters the core of the absorbent product. This creates a cooling effect when touched by the skin, which may increase during the time worn. If left on for an extended period of time, the wet product will achieve a thermal equilibrium and equilibrate somewhere between room temperature and about 90 degrees Fahrenheit, depending upon ambient temperature and clothes worn. This difference can be further exacerbated depending upon the thermal conductivity of the materials chosen to absorb the exudate. But in all cases current wood pulp fluff absorbent products will feel wet and/or cold to the skin the longer the product is worn.
The current state of the art product design for the synthetic absorbent cores is based upon a synthetic continuous fiber matrix inter-layered with SAP. For example a polypropylene tow fiber similar to tow used in cigarette filter making was chosen. This material is purchased in a continuous form and is pulled out of the box and proceeds into an air trumpet or similar device or the like, to expand the fiber tow matrix. Then SAP particles are intermixed, adhesive is sprayed into the fiber SAP matrix and the entire matrix is wrapped to result in what is the state of the art of current so-called “pulp-less” core technology. This type of core has the major limitations of a slow absorbency rate. That rate is highly dependent upon the SAP chosen and on the adhesive type and amount required to attach the SAP to the tow fiber matrix. For example, if enough adhesive is provided to ensure that the SAP remains in its desired location within the core, that adhesive may limit the SAP's absorbent swelling due to coating part of the SAP particles. If less adhesive is utilized, while it may permit greater swelling and absorption of the exudate by the SAP, it may allow the SAP particles to fall from their positions in the core to the bottom of the crotch area, rendering it heavier and wetter in the crotch area when voided into and less absorbents at the ends.
Another example of current pulp-less core technology is gluing the SAP to the back sheet or inside the top or body facing sheet. This bonding process may limit the SAP from being fully expanded and utilized in absorbing the exudate. When bonded in such a matter, the SAP may also be applied in continuous rows to provide space for the fluid to travel unhindered. Or the SAP may be intermixed with ground wood pulp fibers of similar size to enhanced fluid movement in this inefficient design.
Various characteristics of SAP are known to those skilled in the art and play a role in the selection of the SAP for personal care absorbent products. Those characteristics are: (1) vortex time, (2) absorbent capacity which is commonly referred to as centrifuge retention capacity (CRC), (3) gel strength, (4) permeability as measured by either gel bed permeability or saline flow conductivity, and (5) gel blocking, and will be briefly discussed now to facilitate understanding of some of the features of this invention.
Vortex time is defined as the time it takes to collapse or stop a spinning vortex of 0.9% saline solution after a specific amount of the SAP polymer is added to the saline solution.
CRC is a measurement wherein a small amount of SAP is put into a fluid pervious bag. The bag is submerged into an excess of 0.9% saline solution. After a specified soaking time (typically 30 minutes), the bag is taken up and put into a centrifuge. The interstitial fluid is removed, and the gel's fluid capacity is determined on a g/g basis.
Gel strength is measured as AAP (Absorption Against a Pressure) where a small sample of SAP absorbs 0.9% saline while under a pressure of 0.7 psi.
Gel bed Permeability is the ability to allow fluid to flow through the swollen gel (SAP) matrix and is measured in the industry primarily by two methods: Saline Flow Conductivity (SFC) and Gel Bed Permeability (GBP). SFC is typically measured in units of (10−7 cm3×sec)/gram, hereinafter referred to as “Flux” and GBP is typically measured in units of Darcies.
Gel blocking is the phenomenon where the SAP partially swells and then forms a continuous barrier which does not allow further fluid into or through the SAP that has not yet been exposed to the fluid. This phenomenon is generally avoided by having sufficient gel strength, as measured by AAP.
Current SAP limitations generally require having to choose between a higher absorbent capacity, with the disadvantage of having slower speed, or a faster SAP with less absorbing capacity. If the current SAPs are mixed, the fast acting SAP will swell very rapidly and may “gel-block” the slower acting, but higher absorption capacity SAP. If gel-blocking occurs, it will limit, or even prevent, the higher capacity SAP from desorbing the faster but lower capacity SAP.
In the past a cellulose acetate fiber core with a single SAP has been developed and commercially available, as has a non-SAP version. Current polypropylene filament tow technology has also been used for the absorbent cores. In this regard, such polypropylene tow cores used in the market today make use of round or oval homo-polymer polypropylene fibers, which provide minimal resistance to fluid flow through the SAP/tow fiber matrix, thereby only providing minimal dwell time for the fluid to be absorbed by the SAP.
While the aforementioned prior art products are generally suitable for their intended purposes, they nevertheless leave something to be desired from the standpoint their ability to absorb voided liquids quickly, easily and effectively without leakage, in an undergarment which is comfortable, thin, aesthetically pleasing and highly concealable under outer clothing. Thus, a need exists for disposable undergarments that address those needs.
The subject invention addresses those needs by providing a undergarment whose chassis includes a much larger number of transversely extending elastic strands, which are spaced closer to one another to provide a significantly improved fit to the wearers body, while at the same time providing a flatter appearance than the puckered look of the prior art incontinent undergarments. Moreover, the chassis mounts an absorbent core which is composed of two sections of SAP for quickly and securely absorbing voided liquid without leakage. To that end, one section of the core, which is located facing the wearer's body, includes a plurality of pockets partially filled with a free, slow acting, but highly absorbent SAP. The other section of the core is located facing away from the wearer's body and includes a plurality of pockets partially filled with a free, fast acting, but lower absorbency SAP. With this construction, liquid voided into the core is initially quickly absorbed by the fast acting SAP section, whereupon the section with the slow acting, but high absorbency SAP desorbs the section with the fast acting SAP to securely contain the voided liquid therein and prevent any leakage out of the core.
One aspect of this invention is an absorbent core assembly for an absorbent garment to be worn by a person. The core assembly comprises a first section and a second section. The first section is formed of at least one layer of porous material configured to permit the migration of liquid therethrough. The at least one layer of porous material of the first section is quilted to form a plurality of first pockets. Each of the first pockets is partially filled with a slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP having a CRC of greater than approximately 27 grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP. The second section is located below the first section and is formed of a layer of porous material configured to permit the migration of liquid therethrough. The porous material of the second section is quilted to form a plurality of second pockets. Each of the second pockets is partially filled with a fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP. The first section of the absorbent core assembly and the second section of the absorbent core assembly are in fluid communication with each other, with the first section of the absorbent core assembly forming a body-facing side disposed confronting the perineum region of the person, whereupon fluid voided by the person flows through to the fast acting SAP and to the slow acting SAP, wherein the fluid is absorbed quickly and rapidly by the fast acting SAP, while the slow acting SAP desorbs or takes fluid away from the fast acting SAP as well as absorbing the fluid itself.
In accordance with one preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time greater than approximately 40 seconds.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time preferably in the range of approximately 60 to approximately 90 seconds.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a gel strength, as measured by AAP, greater than or equal to approximately 14 g/g.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a gel bed permeability or saline flow conductivity between approximately 15 Flux or Darcies and 40 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a gel bed permeability or saline flow conductivity between approximately 25 Flux or Darcies and 35 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time of approximately 30 seconds or less.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a low permeability of less than approximately 15 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a low permeability of less than approximately 10 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP is free in the first pockets and the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP is free in the second pockets.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention each of the first pockets has a volume and each of the second pockets has a volume, wherein the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a volume in at least some of the first pockets in the range of approximately 25 to 35 percent of the volume of the first pockets, and wherein the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a volume in at least some of the second pockets in the range of approximately 20 to 30 percent of the volume of the second pockets.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the first section comprises a first layer of porous material and a second layer of porous material, each of the first and second layers is configured to permit the migration of a liquid therethrough and is quilted by fixedly secured securement lines to form a plurality of first pockets in the first layer and a plurality of first pockets in the second layer. Each of the first pockets is partially filled with the free, slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the volume of SAP in at least some of the first pockets of the first layer is within the range of approximately 25 to 35 percent of the volume of the first pockets of the first layer, and wherein the volume of SAP in at least some of the first pockets of the second layer is within the range of approximately 80-120 percent of the volume or amount of SAP in the first pockets of the first layer and 25 to 35 percent of the volume or capacity of the first pockets of the second layer.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time greater than approximately 40 seconds.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time preferably in the range of approximately 60 to approximately 90 seconds.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a gel strength, as measured by AAP, greater than or equal to approximately 14 g/g.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP has a gel bed permeability or saline flow conductivity between approximately 15 Flux or Darcies and 40 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the slow acting but high absorption capacity SAP as a gel bed permeability or saline flow conductivity between approximately 25 Flux or Darcies and 35 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a vortex time of approximately 30 seconds or less.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a low permeability of less than approximately 15 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP has a low permeability of less than approximately and 10 Flux or Darcies.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the core assembly additionally comprises an intermediate wicking layer disposed between the first section and the second section.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the wicking layer comprises an airlaid material.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of this invention the first section of the core has a predetermined width and length. The second section of the core has a predetermined width and length. The intermediate wicking layer has a predetermined width which is less than the predetermined width of the first and second sections and is located between the first and second sections to facilitate the fluid transfer between the first and second sections.
Another aspect of this invention is a disposable absorbent undergarment that comprises an absorbent core assembly like that set forth above and wherein the undergarment is configured to be worn by a person. The disposable absorbent undergarment comprise a chassis comprising a sheet of breathable material has an inner surface, a front section, a back section, and an crotch section located between the front section and the back section. The front section has a width, a top front edge, and a plurality of elastic threads extending parallel to the top front edge across the width of the front section. The back section has a width, a top back edge, and a plurality of elastic threads extending parallel to the top back edge across the width of the back section. The crotch section comprises a pair of central side edges and a plurality of elastic threads extending parallel to the front top edge and the back top edge from one of the pair of central side edges to the other of the pair of central side edges. Each of the pair of central side sections comprises a recess forming a respective leg opening for the person. The recesses are spaced apart from each other by a distance which is greater than the predetermined width of the absorbent core assembly. The absorbent core assembly is secured on the inner surface of the chassis at the crotch section between the respective leg openings with plural ones of the plurality of elastic threads of the crotch section at the absorbent core assembly being cut into separated segments at the location of the core so as not to tend to collapse or buckle the core when the garment is worn by the person.
In accordance with one preferred aspect of the disposable absorbent undergarment of this invention the plurality of elastic threads of the front section extend from a point closely adjacent the top front edge to the intermediate section and are closely spaced to one another, whereupon the front section exhibits a minimally puckered appearance. The plurality of elastic threads of the back section extend from a point closely adjacent the top back edge to the intermediate section and are closely spaced to one another, whereupon the back section exhibits a minimally puckered appearance.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of the disposable absorbent undergarment of this invention the elastic threads are colored so as to be readily visible from the exterior of the undergarment.
In accordance with another preferred aspect of the disposable absorbent undergarment of this invention the undergarment includes a waistband portion adjacent the top front edge and the top back edge. The waistband portion comprises a plurality of waistband elastic threads extending parallel to the front top edge and to the back top edge. The waistband elastic threads have a greater degree of tension or stretchability than the elastic threads in portions of the chassis between the waistband portion and the crotch section.
Referring now to the various figures of the drawing wherein like reference characters refer to like parts, there is shown in
The chassis 22 is best seen in
The chassis includes a front or “belly” section 34, a back or “rear” section 36, and an intermediate or crotch section 38. The crotch section 38 is centered about a transverse axis TX
A recess 40 is located in the right side edge of the chassis. A similarly shaped recess 42 is located in the left side edge of the chassis. The recesses form respective leg openings 44 (
As is conventional, the portions of the chassis 22 contiguous with the front side edges 48 and 52 form what are commonly referred to as the front section “ears” of the chassis, while the portions of the chassis contiguous with the back side edges 58 and 62 form the back section ears of the chassis. The respective front section ears of the chassis are secured to the respective back section ears of the chassis, along seal lines 66 by any suitable means, e.g., ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, adhesive bonding, etc., to form the undergarment shown in
The distance between the top front edge 46 and the middle of the crotch section 38, as defined by the transverse axis TX is less than the distance between the top rear edge 56 and the middle of the crotch section, since the front section 34 will have to cover less of the wearer's body than the rear section 36, i.e., the rear section has to cover the wearer's buttocks, whereas the front section only has to cover the wearer's belly and pubic area.
The elastic fibers or threads 32 in the front section 34 extend parallel to each other and to the transverse axis TX from the top front edge 46 down the front section to a point in the crotch section adjacent, e.g., approximately 60 mm from, the transverse axis TX. The elastic fibers or threads 32 in the rear section 36 extend parallel to each other and to the transverse axis TX from the top rear edge 56 down the rear section to a point in the crotch section adjacent, e.g., approximately 60 mm from, the transverse axis TX. The uppermost six or eight elastic threads 32 of the front and rear sections form what can be called the “waistband” 12 of the undergarment 10. The elastic threads of the waistband 12 can be the same gauge as the elastic threads making up the remainder of the chassis, although it is preferable that the elastic fibers forming the waistband are of a heavier gauge to provide a tighter fit at the waistband. For example, the waistband portion may contain 6-8 elastic threads of 800 Decitex (DTEX) Lycra, whereas the remainder of the elastic threads of the chassis are 470-680 DTEX Lycra. While in the preferred embodiment shown, the spacing between all of the elastic threads is constant, e.g., 4-5 mm, that spacing can be different. In this connection, it is contemplated that the elastic threads of the chassis can be configured in a gradient spacing arrangement wherein the fibers at the top of the front and rear sections are spaced closer together than the fibers adjacent the transverse centerline (axis TX) to provide for a better fit for the wearer since it is desirable to have the closest fit to be at the waist. Thus, the spacing between the fibers from the waistband down to the transverse axis TX can gradually increase. Alternatively, one could make use of constant spacing between the elastic threads, but with elastic threads being of decreasing gauge or decreasing stretchability from the waistband to the transverse centerline.
Irrespective of the gauge and/or spacing and/or stretchability of the elastic threads, it is preferred that those threads be colored so that they can be visible through the nonwoven outer sheet 26. That color can be used to signify the intended user of the undergarment. For example, men's undergarments may make use of blue colored elastic threads. Female undergarments may make use of lavender colored elastic threads. Unisex undergarments may make use of green elastic threads.
It is also preferred, but not mandatory, that the elastic threads making up the waistband in either the front section or the back section not be colored, i.e., be white. By so doing the user can readily determine the proper orientation for putting on the garment. In the exemplary embodiment the elastic bands making up the waistband 12 in the rear section of the undergarment are not colored, i.e., are white.
Inasmuch as the elastic threads in the front and rear sections are very large in number and closely spaced from one another, the chassis 22 of this invention will exhibit a much flatter and less puckered appearance than prior art undergarments that use far fewer and more largely spaced elastic threads. This not only provides a more aesthetically pleasing appearance for the garment, but also results in a garment which when worn is very concealable, e.g., simulating regular, cloth underwear.
As mentioned above, the undergarment includes respective leg openings or cuffs 44 for receipt of the legs of the wearer when the undergarment is worn. The leg openings or cuffs 44 are elasticized so that they will engage the legs of the wearer to form a generally leak resistant interface therebetween. In particular, one preferred embodiment of this invention makes use of three elastic fibers or threads 68 for forming the leg cuffs in the front section 34 of the chassis and three elastic fibers or threads 70 for forming the leg cuffs in the rear section 36 of the chassis. The elastic threads 68 and 70 making up the leg cuffs are preferably of a gauge that is greater than the elastic fibers or threads 32. For example, in one preferred embodiment the elastic fibers 68 and 70 are of 800 DTEX Lycra. The three elastic fibers 68 making up the portion of the leg cuff 44 on the right side of the front section 34 of the chassis extend along and generally parallel to the marginal edge of the cut-out recess 40 on the right side of the chassis from the linear side edge 48 to the transverse axis TX. From that point the leg cuff fibers 68 extend in a concave arc section 72 across the chassis, whereupon the leg cuff fibers 68 extend upward along and generally parallel to the marginal edge of the cut-out recess 42 on the left side of the front section of the chassis up to the linear left side edge 52. Thus, the three leg cuff fibers 68 are arranged in a generally V-shaped configuration. In a similar manner, the elastic fibers 70 making up the portion of the leg cuff on the right side of the rear section 36 of the chassis extend along and generally parallel to the marginal edge of the cut-out recess 40 from the linear rear side edge 58 to the transverse axis TX. From that point the leg cuff fibers 70 extend in a concave arc section 74 across the chassis, whereupon the leg cuff fibers 70 extend downward along and generally parallel to the marginal edge of the cut-out recess 43 on the left side of the rear section up to the linear left side edge 62. Thus, the three leg cuff fibers 70 forming the portion of the leg cuffs in the rear section 36 of the chassis are arranged in a generally V-shaped configuration, albeit slightly different in shape to the leg cuff fibers in the front section of the chassis.
The arc shaped sections 72 and 74 of the elastic fibers 68 and 70, respectively, intersect to form a football shaped configuration extending around the transverse axis TX. This creates a somewhat concave or cup shaped pocket at the transverse axis when the chassis is assembled into the undergarment shown in
The details of the absorbent core assembly 24 will be described later. Suffice for now to state that the absorbent core assembly 24 is a generally thin elongated, e.g., rectangular, body that is fixedly secured between the inner sheet 28 of the chassis and a core assembly cover sheet 76 (
A liquid impervious barrier sheet 78 is interposed and secured between the core assembly 24 and the inner sheet 28 of the chassis as also seen in
As best seen in
As shown clearly in
In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, and as clearly shown in
In addition to the elastic leg cuffs 68 and 70 which are located at the leg openings 44, as mentioned earlier the undergarment 10 includes a pair of upstanding stand-up elasticized leg barriers or gathers 106. Those leg barriers or gathers are conventional in that they extend upward from the undergarment at the top of the core assembly and form a fence along either side of the core assembly. Thus, if there should be a very quick insult (urine release) the upstanding walls trap and direct that insult into the core, rather than let the release flow towards the leg opening. As such, the leg barriers or gathers 106 work in conjunction with the elastic leg cuffs 68 and 70 to prevent leakage of the insult out of the leg openings 44. The leg barriers or gathers 106 are formed by two sets of three elastic threads or fibers 82 (
Turning now to
The absorbent core assembly 24 is a generally planar body of any suitable peripheral shape. In this exemplary case the core assembly 24 is an elongate rectangle. It has a longitudinal axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis LX and a transverse axis which is parallel to the transverse axis TX. The exemplary embodiment of the core assembly is clearly shown in
The first or top absorbent section 84 is of elongated rectangular shape and is provided to move the liquid linearly and is in the form of at least one, and preferably two or more quilted layers. In the preferred embodiment shown herein the first absorbent section 84 is made up of two quilted layers, namely a first layer 90 and a second layer 92 (shown in
Each first pocket 96 is of a square shape, e.g., approximately 1.5 cm. by 1.5 cm., with the width of each of the intersecting seal lines being approximately 1 mm. If desired, the first pockets can be larger in size, e.g., up to 3.0 cm by 3.0 cm. or more.
The first pockets 96 are oriented so that two of their diametrically opposed corners extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core assembly 24, while the other two diametrically opposed corners extend transverse or perpendicular to that axis. Each pocket is partially filled with free SAP, as will be described later. As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the orientation of the pockets with respect to the longitudinal axis establishes a tortuous flow path for fluid along the longitudinal axis of the core. Moreover, the quilted nature of the two layers 90 and 92 of first section 84 renders the free SAP particles of the layers of that section resistant to migration with respect to the core assembly and thus obviates the need for adhesives to bond to the SAP particles to prevent their migration.
The nonwoven sheets making up the two layers of the first absorbent section can be a non-woven, liquid pervious material, e.g., 15+/−5 GSM basis weight hydrophilic spunbond nonwoven polypropylene or the like that is 12.1 cm wide. One particularly suitable nonwoven is available from PGI Nonwovens under code # B0305 white SBPP hydrophilic polypropylene spunbond. At minimum the upper body side layer is hydrophilic where the bottom layer may be similar for ease of manufacturing. Alternatively, it could be hydrophobic or a barrier film.
Each of the first pockets 96 of the layers 90 and 92 of the first absorbent section 84 contains a free, high capacity, but slow absorbing SAP 98 having a CRC of at least 27 g/g (grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP), with each first pocket being filled to less than half of its volume or capacity, as indicated by the broken lines in the pockets shown in
The partial filling of the pockets with the high capacity, but slow absorbing SAP 98 serves to allow for the expansion and swelling of the SAP when in contact with the liquid to be absorbed, e.g., urine. If the pockets 96 were filled with significantly more SAP 98, such as greater than 0.10 grams per pocket, the SAP would be constrained in its ability to swell and thus unable to absorb additional fluid. In some instances it may be appropriate to underfill the pockets employing 0.03 grams or even 0.02 grams to ensure maximum utilization at a slightly reduced capacity. It should be pointed out that other size pockets than those described above are contemplated. For example, one can increase the amount of SAP 98 per pocket by employing larger pockets. In each case, the ratio of SAP to the pocket size preferably should not exceed approximately 0.44 grams per 1 square cm. per pocket. If larger pockets are contemplated, then the same ratio of weight per unit area should be applied.
Regardless of the amount of SAP in any pocket, it is also important to avoid gel blocking, where the SAP partially swells and then forms a continuous barrier which does not allow further fluid into or through the SAP that has not yet been exposed to the fluid. This phenomenon is generally avoided by having a moderate gel strength, as measured by AAP. It is generally regarded that values of AAP greater than or equal to about 14 g/g will discourage gel blocking. This applies to both the upper, high capacity and lower speed SAP 98 and the lower, higher speed and lower capacity SAP 100. While the 14 g/g AAP for the SAP 98 is desirable, it has been determined that a moderate gel bed permeability or a saline flow conductivity between 15 Flux or Darcies and 40 Flux or Darcies, preferably between 25 to 35 Flux or Darcies is acceptable. In fact, a higher permeability of 60 to 80 Flux or Darcies may be acceptable as long as the other SAP parameters are met.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment of this invention SAP 98 can be BASF T-9900 available from BASF Corporation, having an AAP greater than 14 g/g, a permeability of 15 Darcies or greater, a vortex time of greater than 30 seconds, and a CRC greater than 27 g/g (grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP). It should be noted that the BASF T-9900 SAP is merely exemplary of various SAP that could be used for the SAP 98. In particular, other slow acting SAPs exhibiting the following properties of gel strength, permeability, speed and capacity can be used. Gel strength (AAP 0.9% saline absorption at 0.7 psi) greater than approximately 14 g/g, preferably in the range of approximately 17-23 g/g). Permeability in the range of approximately 15-40 Darcies, preferably in the range of 25 to 35 Darcies). Vortex time greater than approximately 40 seconds and most preferably approximately 60 to 90 seconds). Capacity (CRC) greater than approximately 27 g/g (grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP).
The SAP 100 can be BA40B available from Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd., having an AAP greater than 14 g/g, a permeability of less than 15 Darcies, a vortex time of less than 10 seconds (and commonly 4-8 seconds), and a CRC greater than 15 g/g (grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP). It should be noted that the BA40B SAP is merely exemplary of various SAP that could be used for the SAP 100. In particular, other fast acting SAPs exhibiting the following properties of gel strength, permeability, speed and capacity can be used. Gel strength (AAP 0.9% saline absorption at 0.7 psi) greater than approximately 14 g/g. Permeability less than approximately 15 Darcies, preferably less than approximately 10 Darcies. Vortex time less than approximately 30 seconds, preferably approximately less than 20 seconds, and most preferably less than 10 seconds). Capacity (CRC) greater than approximately 14 g/g (grams of 0.9% saline per gram of SAP), preferably greater than 20 g/g.
If desired, the two layers 90 and 92 of first absorbent section 84 can have one or two layers of a nonwoven interposed between the layers 90 and 92. The use of such a layer of layers of nonwoven interposed between the layers 90 and 92 should serve to increase the void space to allow for faster fluid flow into more pockets and layers.
The fluid transfer or wicking layer 86 is best seen in
The second or bottom absorbent section 88 is preferably coextensive in size and shape to the first or top absorbent section 84 and is configured to be disposed away from the wearer when the undergarment is worn. The second absorbent section 88 is constructed somewhat similarly to the first absorbent section 84, but is in the form of a single quilted layer. That layer is formed in the same manner as each of the layers of the first absorbent section, i.e., it comprises a pair of non-woven sheets of the same material as the sheets of the first absorbent section and which are fixedly secured together along intersecting seal or embossed lines 94 to form a plurality of diamond shaped enclosed second pockets 96 between the intersecting embossed lines like the pockets 96 of the first absorbent section 84. The second pockets 96 of the second absorbent section 88 can be of the same size as the first pockets of the first absorbent section, e.g., 1.5-3.0 cm. square, or may be of a different size, e.g., smaller, than the first pockets of the first absorbent section 84, but still within that range, to permit greater expansion of the high fluid absorption capacity of the SAP 98.
Each of the second pockets 96 of the second absorbent section 88 is partially filled with a free, fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP 100, having, for example, CRC less than 23 g/g in 0.9% saline. In particular, each second pocket is filled to less than half of its volume or capacity, and preferably within the range of approximately 20-30% of its volume or capacity. The vortex time of the fast acting but lower absorption capacity SAP 100 is much quicker than the vortex time of the slow acting but high absorbency SAP 98. Thus, for example the SAP 100 may have a vortex time in the range of approximately 3-20 seconds. Moreover, the ratio of the vortex time of the slow acting SAP 98 of the first absorbent section to the fast acting SAP 100 of the second absorbent section should be anywhere in the range of approximately 6:1 to 3:1, with the higher ratio being preferred. Thus, for example, one preferred vortex time for the SAP 98 is at least 60 seconds, with the vortex time for the fast acting SAP to be 10 seconds or less. In accordance with one exemplary embodiment of this invention the fast acting SAP 100 can be Aqua Keep type BA40B available from Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd., or the like. That product has a CRC of less than 23 g/g and a very fast vortex time, e.g., approximately 3 to 10 seconds.
Like the first absorbent section, the quilting of the second section renders the SAP of the second absorbent section resistant to migration with respect to the core assembly without requiring adhesives to bond to the superabsorbent particles to prevent their movement or migration.
Each pocket 96 of the second absorbent section 88 encapsulates approximately 0.02 to 0.04 gm of the SAP, or approximately 150 GSM. Since the pockets are only partially filled, they like the pockets of the first absorbent section 84, to allow for the expansion and swelling of the superabsorbent polymers when in contact with the fluid. If the pockets 96 of the second section were filled with significantly more SAP, such as greater than 0.06 gm per pocket, the SAP particles would be constrained in their ability to swell and thus unable to absorb additional fluid. However, other size pockets may be contemplated to increase the amount of SAP per pocket by employing larger pockets. In each case, the ratio of SAP 100 to the pocket size preferably should not exceed approximately 0.16 gm per 1 square cm per pocket. If larger pockets are contemplated, then the same ratio of weight per unit area should be applied.
The fast acting SAP 100 may have a tendency to shatter somewhat during the processing and formation of the section 88. Thus, to minimize this potential problem, a lubricant, such as mineral oil can be added to the SAP 100, the mineral oil being in the range 0.1% to 5%; and preferably 0.1 to 1.0%. Moreover, one may add moisture to the SAP 100 of the bottom section 88 during the processing and formation of that section to reduce dusting. The result of such action is that the SAP 100 of the bottom section 88 has a higher moisture content than the SAP 98 of the top section 84. Furthermore, the inherent nature of SAP 100 of the bottom section allows one to add some of the slower acting SAP 98 like in the first section 84 to fast acting SAP 100 in the second or bottom section to minimize or prevent gel blocking up to 20%. Further still, if desired, the nonwoven material making up the bottom sheet of the quilted second section 88 on may by colorized or printed on bottom by adding an SMS or nonwoven or poly or pigmented specs to SAP for the purpose of indicating the bottom of the absorbent core from the top. This is to eliminate the possibility of reversing the absorbent structure, which would result in a non-functional absorbent core.
The layers 90 and 92 of the first section 84, and the single layer of the second section 88 of the core assembly are fixedly secured together along their marginal (longitudinal) edges by respective seal lines, with the wicking layer interposed between the first and second sections to form a composite core assembly. Those seal lines can be formed by any suitable technique, e.g., ultrasonic welding, thermal welding, adhesive securement, etc. The most desirable process is to ultrasonically bond the components together with a 2 mm. wide intermittent bond pattern running down the sides of the composite core assembly and spaced about one cm. from each edge, e.g., somewhat like a railroad track with approximately four bond points or bars per cm. The fact that the wicking layer 86 is narrower than the first and second sections assists in bonding the components of the core assembly together. Moreover, being narrower, the wicking layer 86 enables fluid voided by the person wearing the undergarment 10 to spill over the side edges onto the underlying second absorbent section, thereby facilitating fluid transfer to that section.
With the absorbent core assembly 24 located in the undergarment, when the undergarment is worn the absorbent core assembly forms a body-facing side of the undergarment confronting the perineum region of the wearer. Thus, when the wearer voids, that urine flows into the first absorbent section 84 to the slow acting SAP 98 located in the pockets 96 of the top layer 90 of that section, from whence it flows into the bottom layer 92 of that section and through that layer. Since the SAP 98 in the top section 84 is slow acting, the voided urine quickly flows out of the top section 84 into the underlying wicking layer 86, whereupon it is dispersed across the area of the wicking layer, through it and over its marginal edges to the underlying second absorbent section 88. It is in the second absorbent section where the liquid is absorbed quickly and rapidly by the fast acting SAP 100 located in the pockets of the second absorbent section, while the slow acting SAP desorbs or takes liquid away from the fast acting SAP as well as absorbing the liquid itself. The wicking layer 86 also serves to enhance the fluid transfer from the lower faster absorbent second absorbent section 88 into the upper slower first absorbent section 84.
In order to improve fluid movement through the entire composite absorbent core, it is preferred that the embossed pockets of the first and second absorbent sections are not aligned directly with respect to each other. Rather, they are offset in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis LX and/or in a direction parallel to the transverse axis TX or in directions parallel to both the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis. This allows for improved fluid migration not only in the longitudinal and transverse directions, but also in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the core assembly. In
While the core assembly 124 offers some advantages from the standpoint of facilitating fluid movement through it, in the interest of ease and simplicity of manufacturing the core assembly, reduced capital costs and concomitant consumer savings, the embossed pockets of the first and second may be directly aligned under each layer and under each other like the core assembly 24.
As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art the quilted construct of the core assemblies of this invention functions via what can be called a “compartment spill over phenomena”. In particular, the liquid to be absorbed when brought to the each section of the core will fill up the SAP contained in a compartment (pocket) of that section, whereupon the compartment and the SAP in it will swell. Once the SAP in that compartment is fully utilized (e.g., has swelled to its maximum), the liquid then “spills over” to the adjacent compartments. As mentioned above, the ultrasonically formed diamond shaped pockets or compartments 96 of the first absorbent section and the second absorbent section have approximately a 1 mm space between them as a result of the width of their respective intersecting fixedly secured seal lines 94. This aids in liquid movement, along the voids in the core assembly adjacent those seal lines as shown in the cross-sectional view of
Moreover, by making use of two layers 90 and 92 of the first absorbent section 84, the core assembly 24 can use less SAP 98 in each of the pockets 96 of the first section than would be used if the first section included only a single quilted layer. As such, with less SAP 98 in a given pocket there is sufficient room for the SAP 98 to expand in the pockets so that it can be fully utilized to desorb the SAP from the second absorbent section. While it is desirable to use the least amount of SAP in the pockets of the first absorbent section for economic reasons, the amount used must be able to be fully utilized to achieve the desired absorption rate and capacity. Thus, it is preferred that the SAP 98 in each of the two layers 90 and 92 of the first absorbent section is within the aforementioned desired range of pocket fullness and that the SAP has a vortex time of in the range of 30-90 seconds to be able to fully desorb the liquid from the second absorbent section. Moreover, that configuration maximizes SAP performance and enables efficient and effective transfer of liquid introduced into the core assembly through each of the two layers of the first absorbent section into the second absorbent section, without any tendency for the SAP 98 of the first absorbent section to impede the flow of liquid into the second absorbent section as could result from “gel blocking”. As is known “gel blocking: occurs when the surface of the SAP in a section that comes into contact with the liquid first swells and blocks the lower levels of SAP of that section from fully absorbing to their maximum capacity. By using less SAP in each pocket, but by using more pockets via the two layer construction of the first absorbent section, the occurrence of gel blocking is minimized, if not eliminated. Thus, the liquid introduced into the core assembly can quickly pass through the first absorbent section to be wicked into the second absorbent section, where it is quickly absorbed by the SAP of the second absorbent section, and from whence that liquid can go back to the first absorbent section where that liquid is slowly absorbed, thereby desorbing the second absorbent section, so that all of the liquid is trapped in the core assembly to keep the wearer dry.
If a higher capacity absorbent core is desired, additional SAP layers like those of the first section could be added to the construct. Thus, for a higher capacity brief, e.g., one suitable for overnight wearing, the first absorbent section may include three quilted layers, each of the three quilted layers being constructed similarly to the two quilted layers 90 and 92 described above. That alternative embodiment of the core assembly is shown in
It should be noted that the core assemblies as described heretofore make use of the same amounts of SAP in the pockets of each layer of the first absorbent section. That is merely exemplary. Thus, for example, it is contemplated, that the core assembly may be constructed to have stripes or zones of pockets with higher and lower concentrations of the slow acting, but high absorbency SAP 98 in a layer of the first absorbent section 84, with higher concentrations adjacent the long side marginal edges. Such an arrangement should deter the leakage of liquid out the sides of the core assembly and is shown in
In any case, if stripes or zones of different concentrations of SAP 98 are used, the amount of SAP 98 within the pockets 96A and 96B should still be within the ranges as discussed earlier. Moreover, if the core assembly is constructed like the core assembly of
As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the use of a layer of different concentrations of SAP 98 in the first absorbent section should not deter the transfer of the liquid insult, e.g., the urine voided, quickly through the first absorbent section into the second absorbent section, since the SAP 98 in the first absorbent section does not absorb liquid quickly.
It is also contemplated that the subject invention can use less expensive inorganic additives to maximize SAP performance. Since the goal of the assembly core of this invention is to allow all the SAP particles of each section to achieve their maximum absorbent capacity, inorganic additives such as high porosity Zeolites, Upsalite, microspheres or other inorganic materials that do not swell or add to the gel blocking phenomena may be included with the SAP of the core. Another approach in lieu of the use of such inorganic additives, or an additional approach to using such additives, is to utilize an acquisition layer, such as a 40 gm Shalag ADL or similar materials from Shalag US, Inc. or similar materials available from WPT Corporation or others may be disposed underneath the second absorbent section of the core. In addition, a second wicking layer could be added between the first and second absorbent layers, if desired.
Further still, since the fast acting SAP 100 of the second absorbent section has a very rapid vortex time, in some cases, and it may have a tendency to gel block, particularly those particles of SAP 100 located closest to the surface of the body of SAP particles within a pocket as opposed to those particles of SAP 100 located in the interior of that body of SAP. In such a case, those interior particles of SAP 100 may not have a chance to absorb the fluid insult. To address this problem, a “caking inhibitor” or “flow agent”, may be added in the pockets containing the fast SAP 100 and blended with the SAP in those pockets. The caking inhibitor or flow agent can take the form of calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, calcium silicate, or the like. Also hollow glass or plastic microspheres, such as those manufactured by 3M could also act as inert flow agents. In any case, the caking inhibitor or flow agent may make up 5 to 20% of the volume of the SAP 100 within the pocket and should preferably have a similar or larger particle size than particles of the SAP 100. In this regard, the SAP 100 has a distribution in microns of less than 11% below 250 microns, approximately 73% between 250 and 500 microns and approximately 16% greater than 500 microns with none greater than 850 microns. Thus, it is contemplated that the anti-caking agent should have a particle size of greater than 250 microns, but probably less than 850 microns.
In the interest of controlling or reducing odor, an odor controlling or odor reducing agent, such as Zeolites, EDTA, enzymes such as amylases, lipases, proteases or the like, and commercially available products such as FEBREZE® odor eliminator, ZERO ODOR®, Odogard, etc., and combinations thereof, and may be included in some or all of the first pockets 96 of the first absorbent section. Being very porous Zeolite will trap odors. However, when a Zeolite it becomes wet its odor absorbing abilities decrease. Since a Zeolite odor reducing agent will be located within pockets 96 in which the high capacity SAP 98 is located, that SAP will desorb moisture from the Zeolite and thus allow it to function to reduce odors over an extended period of time. In the interest of keeping the wearer of the undergarment 10 dry, it is preferred that the Zeolite odor reducing agent is not located in the layer 90 since that layer is located closest to wearer when the undergarment 10 is worn. Thus, if the first absorbent section of the core assembly includes two quilted layers 90 and 92, like that of
Absorbent cores constructed in accordance with this invention, such as those described above or variations thereof, could be used in lieu of an absorbent core that is employed in current existing absorbent products. For example, core assemblies constructed in accordance with this invention can be used in adult incontinence products (e.g., briefs, panties, pads, etc.), infant absorbent garments (e.g., diapers), sanitary napkins, a feminine napkins, panty liners, or any other product arranged to be worn by a being to absorb liquids from the being. Moreover, while the pockets 96 of the two sections 84 and 88 of the core assembly are shown as being diamond shaped, with all of the pockets being the same size that is merely exemplary. Thus, it is contemplated that other shaped pockets can be used for either section 90 or 92, or both sections 90 and 92. In fact, it is contemplated that the pockets of the two layers 90 and 92 be of different shapes, if desired. Further still the core assembly can be configured so that it includes high and low stripes of SAP within each or any of the layers of the core assembly. Moreover, the SAP can have different concentrations of SAP within the stripes. This can be +/− least 25% from high to low or as much as 75% from high to low). Dependent on the amount of fluid movement desired, these stripes can be lined up peak-to-peak or peak-to-valley.
As should be appreciated from the foregoing the cores of this invention as described above make use of at least two sections, each of which is of a quilted construction including plural pockets. Moreover, each of the pockets is hollow and is partially filled with SAP. The SAP may be in the form of particles or fibers or any other form of SAP which is free or unsecured. The pockets serve to hold the SAP therein to prevent migration of the SAP through the core. It is, however, contemplated that for some applications an adhesive could be used in the pockets to thereby hold the SAP in place. That alternative configuration provides an additional means, in addition to the pockets, for preventing the SAP from migrating through the core.
It should also be pointed out that that the lower section of the core assembly, i.e., the section most away from the body, includes SAP that is speed driven to rapidly absorb the fluid insult, e.g., voided urine, and an upper section which includes slower acting by higher absorbency SAP to ultimately absorb all of the fluid voided into the core assembly. The inherent properties of the fast acting SAP, is that to get that speed, absorption capacity may be sacrificed. Thus, a proper balance between the SAP properties of the upper section and the SAP properties of the lower section is needed to optimize efficiency and effectiveness of the core assembly to perform its desired function. The various characteristics and parameters as discussed above are selected to achieve that end but cannot be considered to be absolute or “carved in stone”. For example, the fast acting low capacity SAP of the lower section as specified above as having a vortex time of less than 30 seconds and preferably less than 10 seconds. That SAP will naturally have a lower CRC than the SAP of the upper section, but its value could be higher than the examples given above. Accordingly the CRC of the lower section SAP to achieve that exemplary fast vortex time should be also considered exemplary and subject to change. This is particularly true since we have seen that over time, the CRCs of SAPs have increased.
Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully illustrate our invention that others may, by applying current or future knowledge, adopt the same for use under various conditions of service.
This application constitutes a Continuation-In-Part of our prior application Ser. No. 16/454,739, filed on Jun. 27, 2019, entitled Ergonomic Disposable Absorbent Garment, which in turn is a Continuation of our prior application Ser. No. 15/709,946 filed on Sep. 20, 2017, entitled Ergonomic Disposable Absorbent Garment, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,335,325, which in turn is a Continuation-In-Part of our prior application Ser. No. 15/625,132, filed on Jun. 16, 2017, entitled Absorbent Products And Absorbent Core For Use In Same, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,588,792, which in turn is a continuation of our prior application Ser. No. 15/042,859, filed on Feb. 12, 2016, entitled Core Assembly For Absorbing Liquids, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,693,911, which in turn is a Continuation-In-Part of our prior application Ser. No. 14/204,616, filed on Mar. 11, 2014, entitled Disposable Absorbent Article, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,707,135, which in turn claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/792,004 filed Mar. 15, 2013, entitled Disposable Absorbent Article, all of which applications are assigned to the same assignee as this invention, and whose disclosures are incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61792004 | Mar 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15709946 | Sep 2017 | US |
| Child | 16454739 | US | |
| Parent | 15042859 | Feb 2016 | US |
| Child | 15625132 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16454739 | Jun 2019 | US |
| Child | 16865749 | US | |
| Parent | 15625132 | Jun 2017 | US |
| Child | 15709946 | US | |
| Parent | 14204616 | Mar 2014 | US |
| Child | 15042859 | US |
