The present invention generally relates to a system and method for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment. More particularly, the present invention relates to facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment by optical means while facilitating free-space optical communication.
Spatial profiling refers to the mapping of an environment as viewed from a desired field of view. Each point or pixel in the field of view is associated with a distance to form a representation of the environment. Spatial profiles may be useful in identifying objects and/or obstacles in the environment, thereby facilitating automation of tasks.
One technique of spatial profiling involves sending light into an environment in a specific direction and detecting any light reflected back from that direction, for example, by a reflecting surface in the environment. The reflected light carries relevant information for determining the distance to the reflecting surface. The combination of the specific direction and the distance forms a point or pixel in the representation of the environment. The above steps may be repeated for multiple different directions to form other points or pixels of the representation, thereby facilitating estimation of the spatial profile of the environment within a desired field of view.
Reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction or that this prior art could reasonably be expected to be understood, regarded as relevant and/or combined with other pieces of prior art by a person skilled in the art.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment, the system including:
a light source configured to provide outgoing light;
a beam director configured to direct the outgoing light into the environment along one or more directions, the directed light imparted with outgoing communication information to be received by a first communications receiver reachable in at least one of the one or more directions; and
a light detector configured to detect incoming light, the incoming light corresponding to at least part of the outgoing light reflected by the environment, wherein at least one characteristic associated with the detected light includes distance information for estimation of the spatial profile of the environment associated with the one or more outgoing directions.
In some embodiments, the outgoing light is provided at one or more selected wavelength channels, and the one or more directions correspond to the respective one or more selected wavelength channels.
In some embodiments the outgoing light includes a maximum -length -based sequence (MLS) to encode the outgoing light. The light source may include an encoder to encode the communications information at an in-band frequency on the MLS. Alternatively, the light source may include an encoder to encode the communications information at an out-of-band frequency on the MLS.
In some embodiments the outgoing light includes a Barker code.
In some embodiments the outgoing light is provided at one or more selected wavelength channels, and the one or more directions correspond to the respective one or more selected wavelength channels.
In some embodiments the system further includes a processer to determine the at least one of the one or more directions based on the estimated spatial profile. The processor may be configured to determine one or more selected directions based on a recognisable object profile in the estimated spatial profile to facilitate directed communication.
In some embodiments the beam director comprises a dispersive element free-space coupled to expansion optics.
In some embodiments the at least one of the one or more directions includes all of the one or more directions to facilitate a broadcast communication.
In some embodiments the first communications receiver is coupled to a communications transmitter, and the light detector includes a second communication receiver to receive, from the communications transmitter, light imparted with incoming communication information.
In some embodiments the system is located in a road vehicle, and wherein the first communications receiver and/or the communications transmitter is/are located in a road-side unit.
In some embodiments the system is located in a first road vehicle, and wherein the first communications receiver and/or the communications transmitter is/are located in a second road vehicle.
In some embodiments the system is located in a railway vehicle, and wherein the first communications receiver and/or the communications transmitter is/are located in a rail-side unit.
In some embodiments the system is located in a first railway vehicle, and wherein the first communications receiver and/or the communications transmitter is/are located in a second railway vehicle.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment, the method including the steps of:
providing outgoing light;
directing the outgoing light into the environment along one or more directions, the directed light imparted with outgoing communication information to be received by a first communications receiver reachable in at least one of the one or more directions; and detecting incoming light, the incoming light corresponding to at least part of the outgoing light reflected by the environment, wherein at least one characteristic associated with the detected light includes distance information for estimation of the spatial profile of the environment associated with the one or more outgoing directions.
In some embodiments the outgoing light is provided at one or more selected wavelength channels, and the one or more directions correspond to the respective one or more selected wavelength channels.
In some embodiments, the method further includes: determining one or more selected directions for light imparted with further outgoing communication information to be directed to the first communications receiver; and directing further outgoing light into the environment along the one or more selected directions, the further directed light imparted with the further outgoing communication information to be received by the first communications receiver.
In some embodiments, there are at least two units each performing an embodiment of the method described in the preceding paragraphs, wherein the method further includes communicating, from one unit to another unit, information based on the detecting by that unit and utilising the communicated information to effectively extend a spatial profiling range of the other unit.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a communications receiver for receiving light directed from a system for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment in which the communications receiver is located, the directed light being imparted with communication information.
In some embodiments the communications receiver further includes a recognisable object profile, recognisable by the system.
In some embodiments the communications receiver has a field of view greater than a threshold field of view.
In some embodiments the communications receiver has an adjustable field of view.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a communications network comprising a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of receivers, wherein the plurality of transmitters each comprise a light source configured to provide outgoing light and a beam director configured to direct the outgoing light into the environment along one or more directions, the directed light imparted with outgoing communication information, and wherein the plurality of receivers to receive the directed from at least one said transmitter, wherein the network comprises at least two stationary units at different physical locations comprising a first said transmitter and a first said receiver in communication with the first transmitter and at least one mobile unit comprising a second said receiver and a second said transmitter, the at least one mobile unit providing an ad-hoc communication node within the communications network.
In some embodiments at least one of the at least two stationary units and at least one mobile unit is configured to gather spatial profiling information of an environment about the unit and communicate the spatial profiling information to another of the units.
Each of the units may have the characteristics of any embodiment of the system for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment disclosed herein.
Further aspects of the present disclosure and further embodiments of the aspects described in the preceding paragraphs will become apparent from the following description, given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Disclosed herein is a system and method for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment based on a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) based technique. “Light” hereinafter includes electromagnetic radiation having optical frequencies, including far-infrared radiation, infrared radiation, visible radiation and ultraviolet radiation. In general, LiDAR involves transmitting light into the environment and subsequently detecting reflected light returned by the environment. By determining the time it takes for the light to make a round trip to and from, and hence the distance of, reflecting surfaces within a field of view, an estimation of the spatial profile of the environment may be formed. In one arrangement, the present disclosure facilitates spatial profile estimation based on directing light over one dimension, such as along the vertical direction. In another arrangement, by further directing the one-dimensionally directed light in another dimension, such as along the horizontal direction, the present disclosure facilitates spatial profile estimation based on directing light in two dimensions.
The discloser(s) of the present disclosure recognise(s) that, where part of the environment to be spatially profiled includes an optical receiver, the transmitted light may additionally be used to carry information for communication purposes. As illustrated in
The multiple units (e.g. 402, 404, 406 and 408) may be connected to form, extend or reroute a communications network. For example, stationary units may be deployed on roof tops of buildings (such as 408) to form communication nodes, whereas the mobile units (such as 402 and 404) may act as ad-hoc communication nodes to add bandwidth or capacity to the communication network. Compared to non-free-space optical communication (i.e. fibre-optic communication), free-space optical communication has a lower latency due to the higher speed of light in free-space (or air) than in optical fibres. As another example, the spatial profiling range of one unit (e.g. 404) may be extended by receiving additional spatial profiling information (e.g. carried by light 400A), via the disclosed free-space communication technique, from another unit (e.g. 404), and vice versa. Two units therefore can share spatial profiling information and extend their individual range.
In a general form, as illustrated in
A skilled person in the art would appreciate that the appropriate characteristics to rely upon depend on the form of the outgoing light. Where the outgoing light is in the form of a pulse, an appropriate characteristic may include the round-trip time of the peak or centre of the pulse. Where the outgoing light is in the form of a modulated waveform, an appropriate characteristic may include the phase shift or phase delay of the incoming light. Where the outgoing light is in the form of an encoded pulse or modulation, an appropriate characteristic may include the cross-correlation of the incoming light with the code.
The directed light is imparted with outgoing communications information. For example, communication information may be imparted on to light by a modulator, such as an intensity modulator or a phase modulator. As illustrated in
In some arrangements, the communications receiver 202 is operatively coupled to a communications transmitter 204 for transmitting responsive communications information, in response to receipt of the outgoing communications information received by the communications receiver 202. The communications receiver 202 and communications transmitter 204 together may be a communications transceiver as a single unit. Alternatively the communications receiver 202 and communications transmitter 204 are separate.
In one arrangement, the outgoing light includes a maximum- length-based sequence (MLS) to encode the outgoing light. For example, the MLS includes a family of Barker code. The processor may be configured to authenticate the encoded incoming light carrying the distance information based on the MLS. For example, the processor may cross-correlate the incoming light with a local copy of the MLS used in the outgoing light to determine whether the incoming light is authenticated. If the correlation is high (e.g. resulting in a correlation signal at or above a threshold signal level), the incoming light is authenticated. Otherwise or if the correlation is low (e.g. resulting in a correlation signal below a threshold signal level), the incoming light may be caused by spoofing and is not authenticated. In one arrangement, the bandwidth of the MLS is between approximately 10 MHz and approximately 1 GHz. In another arrangement, the bandwidth of the MLS is between approximately 50 MHz and approximately 200 MHz. In yet another arrangement, the bandwidth of the MLS is approximately 100 MHz. In one arrangement, the light source 102 includes an encoder (e.g. an intensity modulator and/or a phase modulator) to encode the communications information at one or more in-band frequencies on the MLS. In this arrangement, the MLS itself represents encoded information to be communicated to the communications receiver 202. The bandwidth of the encoded information is therefore similar to that of the MLS (e.g. between approximately 10 MHz and approximately 1 GHz). In one example, the MLS may be represented by a binary sequence (i.e. two levels), such as low and high intensity levels. In another example, the MLS may be represented by more than two levels. In the binary example, the MLS may be a “MLS9” sequence, being seeded by 9 bits of information to generate a 511-bit long sequence (29−1=511) for encoded transmission. The receiver 202 may be configured to decode the MLS9 sequence to recover an estimate of the 9 bits of information. In this arrangement, the transmitted information is encrypted. This arrangement is resistant to noise but requires overhead and more signal processing. To improve use of communication bandwidth, once the system 100 determines the direction in which the communications receiver 202 can be reached (e.g. in the first scan of the environment), the system 100 may be configured to omit subsequent scans of the environment, and may be configured to direct light carrying the communication information to the communications receiver 202 until all information has been transmitted.
In an alternative arrangement, the light source 102 includes an encoder (e.g. an intensity modulator and/or a phase modulator) to encode the communications information at one or more out-of-band frequencies on the MLS. In this arrangement, information to be communicated to the communications receiver 202 is encoded on to the MLS. The bandwidth of the encoded information is therefore higher than that of the MLS (e.g. beyond approximately 1 or a few GHz). For example, the encoder may encode the communication as a small amplitude or intensity fluctuation (e.g. 1%) of the amplitude or intensity of the MLS. The bandwidth of the fluctuation can be independent of the MLS bandwidth. The bit rate of this alternative arrangement can therefore be at or above approximately 1 Gb/s. To decode the communications information, the communications receiver 202 may include a high-pass filter to suppress the underlying frequencies of the MLS (e.g. below 1 GHz) to emphasise the out-of-band frequencies carrying the communications information. Still alternatively, the light source 102 includes an encoder (e.g. an intensity modulator and/or a phase modulator) to encode the communications information at both in-band and out-of-band frequencies on the MLS. A skilled person would appreciate that other types of sequences, such as pseudo-random binary sequence, may be used instead of MLS. Further, the encoder may encode the communications in a non-binary and/or non-digital manner, such as using sinusoidal modulation.
In one arrangement, as illustrated in
In one arrangement, the communications information may be broadcast in all directions in which outgoing light is directed. Alternatively, the communications information may be imparted on light to be directed in only one (i.e. unicast) or some (i.e. multicast) of the directions. In this alternative arrangement, the communication information may be imparted on one or more selected directions based on a recognisable object profile in the estimated spatial profile to facilitate directing the directed light. An object profile may include a shape, contour, and/or reflected optical intensity of the object. For example, in case of continuous scanning for spatial profile estimation, a first scan of the environment 110 enables the processor 105 to determine presence of any communications receiver based on recognition of its shape, contour, and/or reflected intensity. Based on the direction(s) of any present communications receiver as determined by the first scan, with or without any velocity information (magnitude and direction) of the disclosed system 100, the processor 105 may determine the direction(s) in which the outgoing light in second and subsequent scans are likely received by the present communications receiver. This selectivity reduces unnecessary power usage and, alternatively or additionally, reduces the chance of the communications information being intercepted.
In one arrangement, the light detector 104 includes a communications receiver (not shown) to receive, from the communications transmitter 204, light imparted with incoming communication information. This arrangement allows two-way communication between the disclosed system 100 (e.g. located on a mobile unit such as a road vehicle or railway vehicle) and a corresponding system (e.g. located on another mobile unit or a stationary unit such as a road-side unit or a railway signalling unit) in the environment 110. A skilled person would appreciate that the description herein on the system 100 is equally applicable to the corresponding system. For example, like the system 100, the corresponding system is configured to facilitate estimation of a spatial profile of an environment. Such estimation allows the corresponding system to, responsive to receipt of communication information from the system 100, determine the direction in which light carrying responsive communication information may be directed to reach the system 100.
In another aspect, there is provided a method 300 for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment. The method 300 includes the step 302 of providing outgoing light, the step of 304 of directing the outgoing light into the environment along one or more directions, the directed light imparted with outgoing communication information to be received by a first communications receiver reachable in at least one of the one or more directions, and the step 306 of detecting incoming light, the incoming light corresponding to at least part of the outgoing light reflected by the environment, wherein at least one characteristic associated with the detected light includes distance information for estimation of the spatial profile of the environment associated with the one or more outgoing directions.
The method 300 may further include the steps of determining one or more selected directions for light imparted with further outgoing communication information to be directed to the first communications receiver, and directing further outgoing light into the environment along the one or more selected directions, the further directed light imparted with the further outgoing communication information to be received by the first communications receiver.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a communications receiver 202 for receiving light directed from a system 100 for facilitating estimation of a spatial profile of an environment in which the communications receiver is located, the directed light being imparted with communication information. The communications receiver 202 may include a recognisable object profile, recognisable by the system 100. The recognition may assist in directing the directed light from the system 100 to the communications receiver 202. An object profile may include a shape, contour, and/or reflected optical intensity of the object. The reflected optical intensity of an object may include a variation in the reflected optical intensity across the objection. For example, the variation in reflected optical intensity may be achieved the object including regions 206 of contrasting reflectivity, such as in the form of a barcode or QR code. In this example, the system 100 upon estimating the spatial profile of the environment 110 is configured to recognise a recognisable reflected optical intensity achieved by the regions 206 of contrasting reflectivity.
In one arrangement, the communications receiver 202 may have a field of view (FOV) greater than a threshold FOV. While a wide FOV relates to poor efficiency, the wide FOV facilitates collection, at a wide angle or solid angle, of the transmitted light carrying communications information. The threshold FOV may be dependent on one or more of the following factors:
In one arrangement, the communications receiver 202 includes an optical diffuser to facilitate collection of the transmitted light. The optical diffuser acts to widen the FOV of the communications receiver 202.
In one arrangement, the FOV of the communications receiver 202 is adjustable. For example, the communications receiver 202 may include a telescopic lens system to adjust its FOV. The adjustment may be a magnification of from the original FOV to a magnified FOV. In another example, the communications receiver 202 may swappable lenses to adjust its FOV. The FOV may be adjusted based on the threshold FOV, which may change over time.
Now that arrangements of the present disclosure are described, it should be apparent to the skilled person in the art that at least one of the described arrangements have the following advantages:
It will be understood that the invention disclosed and defined in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2017903440 | Aug 2017 | AU | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2018/050901 | 8/24/2018 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2019/036766 | 2/28/2019 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3271486 | Dunlop | Sep 1966 | A |
3825340 | Debart | Jul 1974 | A |
3953667 | Layton et al. | Apr 1976 | A |
4628501 | Loscoe | Dec 1986 | A |
4845703 | Suzuki | Jul 1989 | A |
4937539 | Grinberg | Jun 1990 | A |
5247309 | Reich | Sep 1993 | A |
5305132 | Fasen | Apr 1994 | A |
5583683 | Scobey | Dec 1996 | A |
5686722 | Dubois et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5835203 | Ogura | Nov 1998 | A |
5877851 | Stann et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
6031658 | Riza | Feb 2000 | A |
6147760 | Geng | Nov 2000 | A |
6263127 | Dragone et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6278538 | Schleipen | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6339661 | Kokkelink et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6377720 | Kokkelink | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6687036 | Riza | Feb 2004 | B2 |
7489865 | Varshneya | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7532311 | Henderson et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7804056 | Bishop | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7831298 | Wang et al. | Nov 2010 | B1 |
7969558 | Hall | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7986397 | Tiemann et al. | Jul 2011 | B1 |
8159680 | Robinson et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8440952 | Jalali et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8599381 | Statz et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8701482 | Tsadka et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
9246589 | Koonen | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9432115 | Roberts | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9684076 | Feldkhun | Jun 2017 | B1 |
9723386 | Ni | Aug 2017 | B1 |
10527727 | Bondy et al. | Jan 2020 | B2 |
11162789 | Lodin et al. | Nov 2021 | B2 |
20020126945 | Konishi et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20030179804 | Cook et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20040086214 | Huang et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20050024640 | Fataley et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20070103699 | Kohnen et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070177841 | Danziger | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070181810 | Tan et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20080208472 | Morcom | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20090002680 | Ruff et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20110106324 | Tsadka et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110199621 | Robinson | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110286749 | Schoon | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20130044309 | Dakin et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130242400 | Chen | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130315604 | LoPresti | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20140078298 | Kudenov et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140248058 | Simpson | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20150025709 | Spaulding | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150043009 | Bridges et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150086198 | Frisken et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150192677 | Yu et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20160041266 | Smits | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160047890 | Ryan | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160282449 | Slobodyanyuk | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20160291156 | Hjelmstad | Oct 2016 | A1 |
20160294472 | Palmer | Oct 2016 | A1 |
20160327648 | Lipson et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
20170023661 | Richert | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170025753 | Driscoll et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170090031 | Bondy et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20170153319 | Villeneuve et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
20180031680 | Lee | Feb 2018 | A1 |
20190310377 | Lodin et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
20200081128 | Bondy et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
20200363633 | Pulikkaseril et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
20210247497 | Li et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
4427352 | Jan 1996 | DE |
0164181 | Dec 1985 | EP |
0811855 | Dec 1997 | EP |
1065551 | Jan 2001 | EP |
2212717 | Mar 2015 | EP |
2866051 | Apr 2015 | EP |
3081956 | Oct 2016 | EP |
H08-285942 | Nov 1996 | JP |
2008-506927 | Mar 2008 | JP |
2009-222616 | Oct 2009 | JP |
2010-048662 | Mar 2010 | JP |
2011-085610 | Apr 2011 | JP |
2014-505861 | Mar 2014 | JP |
03009032 | Jan 2003 | WO |
2011036553 | Mar 2011 | WO |
2014136110 | Sep 2014 | WO |
2015018836 | Feb 2015 | WO |
2015059244 | Apr 2015 | WO |
2016097409 | Jun 2016 | WO |
2017054036 | Apr 2017 | WO |
2017176901 | Oct 2017 | WO |
2018090085 | May 2018 | WO |
2018107237 | Jun 2018 | WO |
2019036766 | Feb 2019 | WO |
2019046895 | Mar 2019 | WO |
2019232585 | Dec 2019 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Japanese First Office Action dated Jun. 22, 2022 in related Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-511278 (eight pages) (English machine translation). |
Supplementary European Search Report dated Mar. 29, 2021 in related European Patent Application 18849158.3 (eight pages). |
International-type search for provisional patent application dated May 24, 2018, in Australian Patent Application No. 2017903440, filed Aug. 25, 2017, 11 pages. |
International Search Report of the International Searching Authority dated Nov. 2, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2018/050901, filed Aug. 24, 2018, 5 pages. |
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Nov. 2, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2018/050901, filed Aug. 24, 2018, 6 pages. |
International-type search for provisional patent application dated Jun. 16, 2017, in Australian Patent Application No. 2016905228, filed Dec. 16, 2016, 9 pages. |
International Search Report of the International Searching Authority dated Feb. 27, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2017/051395, filed Dec. 15, 2017, 8 pages. |
Written Opinion of the the International Searching Authority dated Feb. 27, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2017/051395, filed Dec. 15, 2017, 4 pages. |
Wanatabe et al., “Low-loss wavelength routing optical switch consisting of small matrix switch and cyclic arrayed-waveguide gratings for colorless add/drop,” Jpn. J. of App. Phys., 53 08MB02, 2014. |
Pierrottet et al., “Linear FMCW Laser Radar for Precision Range and Vector Velocity Measurements,” 2008. |
Dieckmann, A., “FMCW-LIDAR with tunable twin-guide laser diode,” Electronics Letters, 30:4, 1994. |
Quack et al., “Development of an FMCW LADAR Source Chip using MEMS-Electronic—Photonic Heterogeneous Integration,” GOMACTech, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, Mar. 31-Apr. 3, 2014. |
Gao et al., “Complex-optical-field lidar system for range and vector velocity measurement,” Optics Express, 20:23, pp. 25867-25875, 2012. |
International Search Report of the International Searching Authority dated Nov. 25, 2016, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2016/050899, filed Sep. 23, 2016. (eight pages.). |
International Preliminary Report on Patenability dated Apr. 3, 2018 in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2016/050899, filed Sep. 23, 2016. (five pages). |
International Search Report of the International Searching Authority dated Oct. 25, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2018/050961, filed Sep. 6, 2018. (eleven pages.). |
International-Type Search Report of the Australian Patent Office dated May 23, 2018, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2017/903597, filed Sep. 6, 2017, (ten pages). |
International Search Report of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 17, 2019, in International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2019/050437, filed May 10, 2019, (eight pages). |
Supplementary European Search Report dated Jul. 13, 2020 in corresponding European Patent Application No. 17880429.0 (eight pages). |
Notice of Reasons of First Refusal in related Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-530217, dated Aug. 25, 2021 with English machine translation (nine pages). |
Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 16, 2021 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/467,319, filed Jun. 6, 2019 (18 pages). |
Notice of Allowance dated Nov. 30, 2021 in related U.S. Appl. No. 17/412,149, filed Aug. 25, 2021 (15 pages). |
Doylend et al. “Hybrid III/V silicon photonic source with integrated 1D free-space beam steering” Oct. 15, 2012, vol. 37, No. 20, Optics Letters 4257, 3 pages. |
Sun et al. “Large-Scale Integrated Silicon Photonic Circuits for Optical Phased Arrays” Advanced Photonics for Communications © 2014 OSA, 3 pages. |
Watanabe et al. “Low-loss wavelength routing optical switch consisting of small matrix switch and cyclic arrayed-waveguide gratings for colorless add/drop” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 53, 08MB02 (2014), 5 pages. |
Wei et al., “Design optimization of flattop interleaver and its dispersion compensation”, Optics Express vol. 15, May 14, 2007, p. 6439-6457, 19 pages. |
Hulme et al. “Fully integrated hybrid silicon two dimensional beam scanner” Mar. 9, 2015, vol. 23, No. 5, Optics Express 5861, 18 pages. |
Komljenovic et al. “Sparse aperiodic arrays for optical beam forming and LIDAR” vol. 25, No. 3, Feb. 6, 2017, Optics Express 2511, 14 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210157009 A1 | May 2021 | US |