Patent Application
20210186607
The present disclosure relates to endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) access devices for accessing anatomical structures e.g. the pancreatico-biliary tree.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) access procedures, e.g., under ultrasound guidance, may be used to access anatomical structures such as the pancreatico-biliary tree and pancreatic pseudocysts. A pancreatico-biliary access procedure, such as a procedure to insert a stent and bypass a blockage, may differ from other types of access procedures in that the target anatomy is exceedingly narrow. Many EUS access devices lack the maneuverability for biliary procedures and, even when possessing sufficient maneuverability, may encounter other difficulties. For example, devices with long, thin sharps may easily make an initial puncture hole, but risk extending the sharp too far, e.g. until the other side of the bile duct or other non-targeted tissue is penetrated.
Additionally, if an access cannula rides along the outer diameter of the sharp during the initial puncture, a long sharp may not bring the access cannula far enough distally into the puncture hole to maintain access to the duct after the sharp is removed. In another example, devices with shorter, thicker sharps may pose less of a risk for unintended punctures, but may make the initial puncture more difficult, e.g., by increasing the force required to puncture the target tissue. In still another example, a blunt access cannula may fail to follow the sharp tip into the puncture hole.
The present disclosure relates to a device which includes a catheter including a lumen extending therethrough, the catheter being sized and shaped to extend through an endoscopic shaft to a target tissue within a living body; a puncturing device sized and shaped to extend through the lumen of the catheter and distally out a distal end of the catheter; and at least one of the catheter and the puncturing device including an electrode formed thereon, the electrode being energizable from a handle of the device so that, when the puncturing device is extended distally out the distal end of the catheter, the electrode may be energized as the device punctures the target tissue.
In an embodiment, the distal end of the catheter is biased to assume a J-shape curve when unconstrained.
In an embodiment, the distal end is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the catheter to direct a distal opening of the distal end in a desired direction within the target tissue.
In an embodiment, when the puncturing device punctures the target tissue, the distal end of the catheter follows the puncturing device into the target tissue.
In an embodiment, the device further includes an electrosurgical sheath longitudinally slidable along an exterior of the catheter, the electrosurgical sheath having an electrosurgical tip for dilating an access hole created by the puncturing device in the target tissue.
In an embodiment, when the puncturing device extends into the distal end of the catheter, the distal end of the catheter is straightened.
In an embodiment, an electrode is formed at the distal end of the catheter.
In an embodiment, a proximal portion of the catheter between the distal end of the catheter and a distal end of the handle is formed from a non-conductive material, further comprising a conducting wire connecting the electrode to the handle.
In an embodiment, the device further includes an electrode formed at a distal end of the puncturing device.
In an embodiment, an electrode is formed at a distal end of the puncturing device.
In an embodiment, the device further includes an insulation layer extending along the puncturing device from a proximal end of the electrode to a proximal end of the puncturing device.
In an embodiment, the handle further includes a length adjust; a sharp hub; a puncture actuator advancing the puncturing device and the catheter distally out of a sheath of the device; an electrosurgical sled slidably mounted over the puncture actuator to advance the sheath distally over the catheter to apply energy to the target tissue using an electrode formed on the sheath; a puncture actuator lock; an electrosurgical sled lock to lock a position of the sheath in a desired position relative to the catheter; and a first generator connection on the electrosurgical sled configured to couple to a source of electric energy.
In an embodiment, the handle further includes a second generator connection on the puncture actuator configured to couple to a source of electric energy and/or a third generator connection on the sharp hub configured to couple to a source of electric energy
The present disclosure also relates to a system which includes a catheter including a lumen extending therethrough, the catheter being sized and shaped to extend through an endoscopic shaft to a target tissue within a living body; a puncturing device sized and shaped to extend through the lumen of the catheter and distally out a distal end of the catheter; and at least one of the catheter and the puncturing device including an electrode formed thereon, the electrode being energizable from a handle of the device so that, when the puncturing device is extended distally out the distal end of the catheter, the electrode may be energized as the device punctures the target tissue; and an electrosurgical sheath longitudinally slidable along an exterior of the catheter, the electrosurgical sheath having an electrosurgical tip for dilating an access hole created by the puncturing device in the target tissue.
In an embodiment, the distal end is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the catheter to direct a distal opening of the distal end in a desired direction within the target tissue.
Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method which includes extending a puncturing device through a lumen of a catheter, the catheter being sized and shaped to extend through an endoscopic shaft to a target site within a living body, at least one of the catheter and the puncturing device including an electrode formed thereon; energizing the electrode; puncturing target tissue with the puncturing device; advancing the catheter distally through an access hole created by the puncturing device in the target tissue; and withdrawing the puncturing device proximally through the lumen past a distal end of the catheter.
In an embodiment, the method further includes sliding an electrosurgical sheath along an exterior of the catheter, the electrosurgical sheath having an electrosurgical tip; positioning the electrosurgical tip in contact with tissue surrounding the access hole; and applying an electrical current to dilate the access hole.
In an embodiment, the method further includes locking the electrosurgical sheath in a desired position relative to the catheter.
In an embodiment, the method further includes rotating the distal end of the catheter about a longitudinal axis of the catheter to direct a distal opening of the distal end of the catheter in a desired direction within the target tissue.
In an embodiment, the electrode is formed at the distal end of the catheter. The method further includes energizing an electrode formed at a distal end of the puncturing device, prior to puncturing the target tissue with the puncturing device.
The present disclosure may be further understood with reference to the following description and the appended drawings, wherein like elements are referred to with the same reference numerals. The exemplary embodiments describe EUS access devices with a hot sharp and/or J-tip for effective puncturing and placement of the J-tip with low puncture forces and lower risk of losing access to the target tissue. In the present disclosure, the term “hot” refers to an element that is electrosurgically activated. Hot elements are designed so that, when activated, they pass a current through tissue, while remaining relatively unheated as they run a current through the target tissue so that electrical resistance of the target tissue causes the target tissue to heat and boil, thus enabling the target tissue to be cut and dilated. In the present disclosure, the term “cold” refers to an element that is not electrosurgically activated.
The distance 108 by which the distal tip of the sharp 106 protrudes distally beyond the distal end of the J-tip 104 when the sharp 106 is inserted therein is referred to as the “setback.” After the J-tip 104 and sharp 106 have been advanced into the target anatomy as desired, the sharp 106 is withdrawn proximally out of the J-tip 104 freeing the J-tip 104 to return to its curved J-shape, as shown in
For example, where the target anatomy is a bile duct, the J-tip 104 may be rotated so that the distal opening of the lumen of the microcatheter 102 faces either upstream in the bile duct or downstream toward an outlet of the bile duct into the small intestine. When the J-tip 104 is oriented as desired, the guidewire is passed through the microcatheter 102 to exit the opening at the distal end of the J-tip 104 and is extended out of the J-tip 104 in the desired direction along the bile duct by a desired distance. At this point, a flexible electrosurgical sheath 110 with an electrosurgical tip 112 may be advanced over the microcatheter 102 and the J-tip 104 to dilate a hole by which the microcatheter 102 exited the small intestine and a hole by which the microcatheter 102 entered the target bile duct. The electrosurgical tip may dilate the access holes(s) (fistula) to e.g. 5-11 Fr. As would be understood by those skilled in the art, an electrode of the electrosurgical tip may be activated when this tip is located at the entrance to and within hole to cut and widen the holes to facilitate access to the target anatomy for further procedures (e.g., placing a stent therein to bypass a blockage).
The sharp 106 is typically used to make a starter hole in the anatomy through which the wider diameter J-tip 104 may be pushed, so that when the sharp 106 is removed the J-tip 104 is firmly inserted through the puncture hole within the target anatomy. However, various complications may arise when performing this operation.
For example, an access device 200 with a long, thin sharp 201, as shown in
In another example, an access device 210 with a shorter, thicker sharp 211, as shown in
In still another example, an access device 220, as shown in
The exemplary embodiments describe EUS access devices with one or more energized features for hot puncturing that address the aforementioned issues. An electrosurgical generator, such as an Erbe generator, may be used to apply an RF cutting current to the device to allow the puncturing tip(s) to pass easily into the tissue with low puncture forces. The devices may be substantially similar to the device described in
When the microcatheter is entirely metal, the entirety of the microcatheter with the exception of the exposed metal end 302 is insulated to prevent the heating or cutting of non-targeted tissue (i.e., tissue other than that at the target site). The exposed metal end 302 may, for example, be less than ˜1 mm long to minimize thermal damage to the target site during the cutting. The exposed metal end 302 of the hot J-tip 300 may also be wired to the handle, and the remainder of the microcatheter may be formed of a different, non-conductive material eliminating the need for a separate electrically insulative coating.
Similarly to the hot J-tip 300, the hot sharp 400 may have a flexible shaft of the same conductive material (e.g. metal) as the exposed metal end 402 yet be insulated along its length (with the exception of the exposed metal end 402). If the access cannula being used with the sharp 400 is not intended to have a hot J-tip, the J-tip may be insulated to prevent conduction of electricity from the sharp 400 through the J-tip. Alternately, the J-tip may not be insulated and the access device will have both a hot sharp and a hot J-tip. In such a case, only one of the J-tip or the sharp need be connected to the electrosurgical generator (by wire, or otherwise) to effectively energize both tips.
Although a hot sharp cuts well enough to allow a blunt, cold J-tip to pass through the fistula, energizing both of the tips may further reduce puncture forces. However, choosing which one or both of the J-tip and sharp to energize may depend on the nature of the intervention. For example, a hot J-tip has been shown to make a larger fistula than a cold J-tip. A larger fistula would not affect a procedure such as a stent implant, considering the fistula will need to be made larger still with an electrosurgical dilator prior to implanting the stent. However, for a procedure where a smaller hole is desired (e.g., a rendezvous procedure), an energized sharp with a cold J-tip may be preferred over energizing both the sharp and the J-tip.
In an alternate embodiment, a hot blunt stylet may be used instead of a sharp. The stylet has a blunt distal end, as opposed to the sharp which has a sharpened distal end. In this embodiment, the stylet and the J-tip may have a very short setback, e.g. 2 mm, to ensure that when the stylet tip is passed into the duct the access cannula will pass into the duct as well. This embodiment allows for targeting of smaller tissues as there is lower risk of the tip extending to the opposite side of the duct and inadvertently puncturing the opposite side.
The aforementioned embodiments may be implemented via an endoscope, with the device having a handle for controlling the endoscopic procedure.
The handle 500 further includes an electrosurgical sled 514 slidably mounted over the puncture actuator 508 so that the sheath can be advanced distally over the J-tip to bring an electrosurgical tip (e.g., electrosurgical tip 112 shown in
The generator connection 516 provides the coupling to electrical energy that may be transmitted to the electrosurgical sled 514. The generator connections 520 and 522 would provide energy to each of the metal end 402 of the sharp and the metal end 302 of the J-tip microcatheter, respectively, in the manner described above. The base 512 may have depth indicators thereon, providing greater control of the puncture depth of the sharp/J-tip and the electrosurgical sheath length. As indicated previously, the ideal depth of the puncture may vary for different procedures and for different sharp/J-tip configurations. Thus, the handle 500 has precise puncture depth controllability compatible with different access devices having different puncture depths.
Each of the aforementioned energized puncturing features may be actuated via an electrosurgical plug extending from or built into the endoscope handle. The hot tip feature may be actuated at any time during the endoscopic intervention. Thus, a clinician may begin a procedure using e.g. a cold sharp tip and, if the cold puncture is unsuccessful, actuate the hot tip and perform a hot puncture.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the inventive concept thereof. It should further be appreciated that structural features and methods associated with one of the embodiments can be incorporated into other embodiments. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but rather modifications are also covered within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/953,307 filed Dec. 24, 2019; the disclosure of which is incorporated herewith by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62953307 | Dec 2019 | US |
