Patent Application
20170046063
This relates generally to user interface processing, including but not limited to, apparatuses and methods for recognizing touch inputs.
An electronic device typically includes a user interface that is used to interact with the computing device. The user interface may include a display and/or input devices such as a keyboard, mice, and touch-sensitive surfaces for interacting with various aspects of the user interface. In some devices with a touch-sensitive surface as an input device, a first set of touch-based gestures (e.g., two or more of: tap, double tap, horizontal swipe, vertical swipe, pinch, depinch, two finger swipe) are recognized as proper inputs in a particular context (e.g., in a particular mode of a first application), and other, different sets of touch-based gestures are recognized as proper inputs in other contexts (e.g., different applications and/or different modes or contexts within the first application). As a result, the software and logic required for recognizing and responding to touch-based gestures can become complex, and can require revision each time an application is updated or a new application is added to the computing device. These and similar issues may arise in user interfaces that utilize input sources other than touch-based gestures.
Thus, it would be desirable to have a comprehensive framework or mechanism for recognizing touch-based gestures and events, as well as gestures and events from other input sources, that is easily adaptable to virtually all contexts or modes of all application programs on a computing device, and that requires little or no revision when an application is updated or a new application is added to the computing device.
To address the aforementioned drawbacks, some embodiments provide a method performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display. The electronic device is configured to execute at least a first software application and a second software application. The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The method includes displaying at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application, and while displaying at least the subset of the one or more views of the second software application, detecting a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display. The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. The method also includes, during a first phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs, delivering the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application, identifying from gesture recognizers in the first set one or more matching gesture recognizers that recognize the first portion of one or more touch inputs, and processing the first portion of one or more touch inputs with one or more gesture handlers corresponding to the one or more matching gesture recognizers.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display. The electronic device is configured to execute at least a first software application and a second software application. The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The method includes displaying a first set of one or more views. The first set of one or more views includes at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application. The method also includes, while displaying the first set of the one or more views, detecting a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display. The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. The method includes determining whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs. The method also includes, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs, delivering the sequence of touch inputs to the first software application without delivering the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application, and determining whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs. The method furthermore includes, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs. The method also includes, in accordance with a determination that no gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs, delivering the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application, and determining whether at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs. The method furthermore includes, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with an internal state. The electronic device is configured to execute software that includes a view hierarchy with a plurality of views. The method includes displaying one or more views of the view hierarchy, and executing one or more software elements. Each software element is associated with a particular view, and each particular view includes one or more event recognizers. Each event recognizer has one or more event definitions based on one or more sub-events, and an event handler, which specifies an action for a target, and is configured to send the action to the target in response to the event recognizer detecting an event corresponding to a particular event definition of the one or more event definitions. The method also includes detecting a sequence of one or more sub-events, and identifying one of the views of the view hierarchy as a hit view. The hit view establishes which views in the view hierarchy are actively involved views. The method furthermore includes delivering a respective sub-event to event recognizers for each actively involved view within the view hierarchy. At least one event recognizer for actively involved views in the view hierarchy has a plurality of event definitions, and one in the plurality of event definitions is selected in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device. The at least one event recognizer processes the respective sub-event prior to processing a next sub-event in the sequence of sub-events in accordance with the selected event definition.
In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs for execution by one of more processors of an electronic device. The one or more programs include one or more instructions, which when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to perform any of the methods described above.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display includes one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for implementing any of the methods described above.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for implementing any of the methods described above.
In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for implementing any of the methods described above.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display unit configured to receive touch inputs, and a processing unit coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit. The processing unit is configured to execute at least a first software application and a second software application. The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application; and while displaying at least the subset of the one or more views of the second software application, detect a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display unit. The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. The processing unit is configured to, during a first phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs: deliver the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application; identify from gesture recognizers in the first set one or more matching gesture recognizers that recognize the first portion of one or more touch inputs; and process the first portion of one or more touch inputs with one or more gesture handlers corresponding to the one or more matching gesture recognizers.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display unit configured to receive touch inputs, and a processing unit coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit. The processing unit is configured to execute at least a first software application and a second software application. The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The processing unit is configured to enable display of a first set of one or more views. The first set of one or more views includes at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application. The processing unit is configured to, while displaying the first set of the one or more views: detect a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display unit (the sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion); and determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs. The processing unit is configured to, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs: deliver the sequence of touch inputs to the first software application without delivering the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application; and determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs. The processing unit is configured to, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs. The processing unit is configured to, in accordance with a determination that no gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs: deliver the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application; determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs; and in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display unit configured to display one or more views; a memory unit configured to store an internal state; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the memory unit. The processing unit is configured to: execute software that includes a view hierarchy with a plurality of views; enable display of one or more views of the view hierarchy; and execute one or more software elements. Each software element is associated with a particular view, and each particular view includes one or more event recognizers. Each event recognizer has: one or more event definitions based on one or more sub-events, and an event handler. The event handler specifies an action for a target, and is configured to send the action to the target in response to the event recognizer detecting an event corresponding to a particular event definition of the one or more event definitions. The processing unit is configured to: detect a sequence of one or more sub-events; and identify one of the views of the view hierarchy as a hit view. The hit view establishes which views in the view hierarchy are actively involved views. The processing unit is configured to deliver a respective sub-event to event recognizers for each actively involved view within the view hierarchy. At least one event recognizer for actively involved views in the view hierarchy has a plurality of event definitions, one of which is selected in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device, and the at least one event recognizer processes the respective sub-event prior to processing a next sub-event in the sequence of sub-events in accordance with the selected event definition.
Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
Electronic devices with small screens (e.g., smart phones and tablets) typically display a single application at a time, even though multiple applications may be running on the device. Many of these devices have touch-sensitive displays configured to receive gesture as touch inputs. With such devices, a user may want to perform operations that are provided by a hidden application (e.g., an application that is running in the background and is not currently displayed on the display of the electronic device, such as an application launcher software application running in the background). Existing methods for performing operations provided by a hidden application typically require first displaying the hidden application and then providing touch inputs to the now displayed application. Therefore, the existing methods require additional steps. Furthermore, the user may not want to see the hidden application, but yet still want to perform an operation provided by the hidden application. In the embodiments described below, improved methods for interacting with a hidden application is achieved by delivering touch inputs to the hidden application, and processing the touch inputs with the hidden application without displaying the hidden application. Thus, these methods streamline the interaction with a hidden application, thereby eliminating the need for extra, separate steps to display the hidden application, while providing the ability to control and interact with the hidden application based on a gesture input.
In addition, in some embodiments, such electronic devices have at least one gesture recognizer with a plurality of gesture definitions. This helps the gesture recognizer work in different distinct operating modes. For example, a device may have a normal operating mode and an accessibility operating mode (e.g., for people with limited vision). In the normal operating mode, a next application gesture is used to move between applications, and the next application gesture is defined as a three-finger left-swipe gesture. In the accessibility operating mode, the three-finger left-swipe gesture is used to perform a different function. Thus, a gesture different from the three-finger left-swipe is needed in the accessibility operating mode to correspond to the next application gesture (e.g., a four-finger left-swipe gesture in the accessibility operating mode). By having multiple gesture definitions associated with the next application gesture, the device can select one of the gesture definitions for the next application gesture, depending on the current operating mode. This provides flexibility in using the gesture recognizer in different operating modes. In some embodiments, a plurality of gesture recognizers with multiple gesture definitions is adjusted depending on the operating mode (e.g., gestures performed with three fingers in the normal operating mode are performed with four fingers in the accessibility operating mode).
Below,
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.
The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting (the stated condition or event)” or “in response to detecting (the stated condition or event),” depending on the context.
As used herein, the term “event” refers to an input detected by one or more sensors of the device. In particular, the term “event” includes a touch on a touch-sensitive surface. An event comprises one or more sub-events. Sub-events typically refer to changes to an event (e.g., a touch-down, touch-move, and lift-off of the touch can be sub-events). Sub-events in the sequence of one or more sub-events can include many forms, including without limitation, key presses, key press holds, key press releases, button presses, button press holds, button press releases, joystick movements, mouse movements, mouse button presses, mouse button releases, pen stylus touches, pen stylus movements, pen stylus releases, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and detected physiological changes in a user, among others. Since an event may comprise a single sub-event (e.g., a short lateral motion of the device), the term “sub-event” as used herein also refers to an event.
As used herein, the terms “event recognizer” and “gesture recognizer” are used interchangeably to refer to a recognizer that can recognize a gesture or other events (e.g., motion of the device). As used herein, the terms “event handler” and “gesture handler” are used interchangeably to refer to a handler that performs a predefined set of operations (e.g., updating data, updating object(s), and/or updating display) in response to recognition of an event/sub-event or a gesture.
As noted above, in some devices with a touch-sensitive surface as an input device, a first set of touch-based gestures (e.g., two or more of: tap, double tap, horizontal swipe, vertical swipe) are recognized as proper inputs in a particular context (e.g., in a particular mode of a first application), and other, different sets of touch-based gestures are recognized as proper inputs in other contexts (e.g., different applications and/or different modes or contexts within the first application). As a result, the software and logic required for recognizing and responding to touch-based gestures can become complex, and can require revision each time an application is updated or a new application is added to the computing device. Embodiments described herein address these problems by providing a comprehensive framework for handling events and/or gesture inputs.
In the embodiments described below, touch-based gestures are events. Upon recognition of a predefined event, e.g., an event that corresponds to a proper input in the current context of an application, information concerning the event is delivered to the application. Furthermore, each respective event is defined as a sequence of sub-events. In devices that have a multi-touch display device (often herein called “screens”) or other multi-touch sensitive surface, and that accept multi-touch-based gestures, the sub-events that define a multi-touched based event may include multi-touch sub-events (requiring two or more fingers to be simultaneously in contact with the device's touch-sensitive surface). For example, in a device having a multi-touch sensitive display, a respective multi-touch sequence of sub-events may begin when a user's finger first touches the screen. Additional sub-events may occur when one or more additional fingers subsequently or concurrently touch the screen, and yet other sub-events may occur when all of the fingers touching the screen move across the screen. The sequence ends when the last of the user's fingers is lifted from the screen.
When using touch-based gestures to control an application running in a device having a touch-sensitive surface, touches have both temporal and spatial aspects. The temporal aspect, called a phase, indicates when a touch has just begun, whether it is moving or stationary, and when it ends—that is, when the finger is lifted from the screen. A spatial aspect of a touch is the set of views or user interface windows in which the touch occurs. The views or windows in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. Alternatively, or additionally, events are recognized as proper inputs based, at least in part, on one or more software programs (i.e., software applications) in the programmatic hierarchy. For example, a five-finger pinch gesture is recognized as a proper input in an application launcher that has a five-finger pinch gesture recognizer, but not in a web browser application that does not have the five-finger pinch gesture recognizer.
In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes a touch-sensitive display 156 (
In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes display 126 and one or more input devices 128 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, trackball, microphone, physical button(s), touchpad, trackpad, etc.) that are coupled to electronic device 102. In these embodiments, one or more of input devices 128 may optionally be separate and distinct from electronic device 102. For example, the one or more input devices may include one or more of: a keyboard, a mouse, a trackpad, a trackball, and an electronic pen, any of which may optionally be separate from the electronic device. Optionally, device 102 may include one or more sensors 116, such as one or more accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS systems, speakers, infrared (IR) sensors, biometric sensors, cameras, etc. It is noted that the description above of various exemplary devices as input devices 128 or as sensors 116 is of no significance to the operation of the embodiments described herein, and that any input or sensor device described herein as an input device may equally well be described as a sensor, and vice versa. In some embodiments, signals produced by one or more sensors 116 are used as input sources for detecting events.
In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes touch-sensitive display 156 (i.e., a display having a touch-sensitive surface) and one or more input devices 128 that are coupled to electronic device 102 (
In some embodiments of electronic device 102 discussed herein, input devices 128 are disposed in electronic device 102. In other embodiments, one or more of input devices 128 is separate and distinct from electronic device 102. For example, one or more of input devices 128 may be coupled to electronic device 102 by a cable (e.g., USB cable) or wireless connection (e.g., Bluetooth connection).
When using input devices 128, or when performing a touch-based gesture on touch-sensitive display 156 of electronic device 102, the user generates a sequence of sub-events that are processed by one or more CPUs 110 of electronic device 102. In some embodiments, one or more CPUs 110 of the electronic device 102 process the sequence of sub-events to recognize events.
Electronic device 102 typically includes one or more single- or multi-core processing units (“CPU” or “CPUs”) 110 as well as one or more network or other communications interfaces 112. Electronic device 102 includes memory 111 and one or more communication buses 115 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 115 may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components (not depicted herein). As discussed above, electronic device 102 includes user interfaces 113 including a display (e.g., display 126 or touch-sensitive display 156). Further, electronic device 102 typically includes input devices 128 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, touch sensitive surfaces, keypads, etc.). In some embodiments, the input devices 128 include an on-screen input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface of a display device). Memory 111 may include high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 111 may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s) 110. Memory 111, or alternately the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory 111, comprise a computer readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 111, or the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory 111, comprises a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 111 (of electronic device 102) or the computer readable storage medium of memory 111 stores the following programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof:
As used in the specification and claims, the term “open application” refers to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state 134 and/or application internal state 321 (
As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application, which was an active application when displayed, may become a background application, suspended application, or hibernated application, but the first application remains an open application while its state information is retained by the device.
Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified module, application or system elements corresponds to a set of instructions for performing functions described herein. The set of instructions can be executed by one or more processors (e.g., one or more CPUs 110). The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 111 may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 111 may store additional modules and data structures not described above.
A driver or a set of drivers 210 communicates with hardware 212. Drivers 210 can receive and process input data received from hardware 212. Core Operating System (“OS”) 208 can communicate with driver(s) 210. Core OS 208 can process raw input data received from driver(s) 210. In some embodiments, drivers 210 can be considered to be a part of core OS 208.
A set of OS application programming interfaces (“OS APIs”) 206, are software procedures that communicate with core OS 208. In some embodiments, APIs 206 are included in the device's operating system, but at a level above core OS 208. APIs 206 are designed for use by applications running on the electronic devices or apparatuses discussed herein. User interface (UI) APIs 204 can utilize OS APIs 206. Application software (“applications”) 202 running on the device can utilize UI APIs 204 in order to communicate with the user. UI APIs 204 can, in turn, communicate with lower level elements, ultimately communicating with various user interface hardware, e.g., multitouch display 156. In some embodiments, application software 202 includes applications in application software 124 (
While each layer input/output processing stack 200 can utilize the layer underneath it, that is not always required. For example, in some embodiments, applications 202 may directly communicate with OS APIs 206. In general, layers at or above OS API layer 206 may not directly access Core OS 208, driver(s) 210, or hardware 212, as these layers are considered private. Applications in layer 202 and UI API 204 usually direct calls to the OS API 206, which in turn, accesses the layers Core OS 208, driver(s) 210, and hardware 212.
Stated in another way, one or more hardware elements 212 of electronic device 102, and software running on the device detect input events (which may correspond to sub-events in a gesture) at one or more of the input device(s) 128 and/or a touch-sensitive display 156 and generate or update various data structures (stored in memory 111 of device 102) used by a set of currently active event recognizers to determine whether and when the input events correspond to an event to be delivered to application 124. Embodiments of event recognition methodologies, apparatus and computer program products are described in more detail below.
In this example, each subordinate view includes lower-level subordinate views. In other examples, the number of view levels in the hierarchy 300 may differ in different branches of the hierarchy, with one or more subordinate views having lower-level subordinate views, and one or more other subordinate views not have any such lower-level subordinate views. Continuing with the example shown in
A touch sub-event 301-1 is represented in outermost view 302. Given the location of touch sub-event 301-1 over both the search results panel 304, and maps view 305, the touch sub-event is also represented over those views as 301-2 and 301-3, respectively. Actively involved views of the touch sub-event include the views search results panel 304, maps view 305 and outermost view 302. Additional information regarding sub-event delivery and actively involved views is provided below with reference to
Views (and corresponding programmatic levels) can be nested. In other words, a view can include other views. Consequently, the software element(s) (e.g., event recognizers) associated with a first view can include or be linked to one or more software elements associated with views within the first view. While some views can be associated with applications, others can be associated with high level OS elements, such as graphical user interfaces, window managers, etc. In some embodiments, some views are associated with other OS elements. In some embodiments, the view hierarchy includes views from a plurality of software applications. For example, the view hierarchy may include a view from an application launcher (e.g., a home screen) and a view from a web browser application (e.g., a view including content of a web page).
A programmatic hierarchy includes one or more software elements or software applications in a hierarchy. To simplify subsequent discussion, reference will generally be made only to views and the view hierarchy, but it must be understood that in some embodiments, the method may operate with a programmatic hierarchy with a plurality of programmatic layers, and/or a view hierarchy.
In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes one or more of: event recognizer global methods 312 and 350. In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes one or more of: hit view determination module 314 and hit level determination module 352. In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes one or more of: active event recognizer determination modules 316 and 354. In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes one or more of: sub-event delivery modules 318 and 356. In some embodiments, one or more of these methods and modules are included in fewer or more methods and modules. For example, in some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes a hit view/level determination module which includes the functionality of hit view determination module 314 and hit level determination module 352. In some embodiments, electronic device 102 includes an active event recognizer determination module which includes the functionality of active event recognizer determination modules 316 and 354.
Hit view and hit level determination modules, 314 and 352, respectively, provide software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views (e.g., the exemplary view hierarchy 300 depicted in
The hit view determination module 314 of
In some embodiments, the hit level determination module 352 of
Active event recognizer determination modules 316 and 354 of event recognizer global methods 312 and 350, respectively, determine which view or views within a view hierarchy and/or a programmatic hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events.
In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination modules 316 and 354 utilize analogous processes. In the example of
Sub-event delivery module 318 delivers sub-events to event recognizers for actively involved views. Using the example of
In some embodiments, sub-event delivery module 356 delivers sub-events to event recognizers for actively involved programmatic levels in a process analogous to that used by sub-event delivery module 318. For example, sub-event delivery module 356 delivers sub-events to event recognizers for actively involved applications. Using the example of
In some embodiments, a separate event recognizer structure 320 or 360 is generated and stored in memory of the device for each actively involved event recognizer. Event recognizer structures 320 and 360 typically include an event recognizer state 334, 374, respectively (discussed in greater detail below when referring to
View metadata 341 and level metadata 381 may include data regarding a view or level, respectively. View or level metadata may include at least the following properties that may influence sub-event delivery to event recognizers:
Event recognizer structures 320 and 360 may include metadata 322, 362, respectively. In some embodiments, the metadata 322, 362 includes configurable properties, flags, and lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 322, 362 may include configurable properties, flags, and lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 322, 362 may include configurable properties, flags, and lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. In some embodiments, the combination of event recognizer metadata 322, 362 and view or level metadata (341, 381, respectively) are both be used to configure the event delivery system to: a) perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers, b) indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another, and c) indicate whether and when sub-events are delivered to various levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
It is noted that, in some embodiments, a respective event recognizer sends an event recognition action 333, 373 to its respective target 335, 375, as specified by fields of the event recognizer's structure 320, 360. Sending an action to a target is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view or level.
The metadata properties stored in a respective event recognizer structure 320, 360 of a corresponding event recognizer includes one or more of:
In some embodiments, the exception list 326, 366 can also be used by non-exclusive event recognizers. In particular, when a non-exclusive event recognizer recognizes an event, subsequent sub-events are not delivered to the exclusive event recognizers associated with the currently active views, except for those exclusive event recognizers listed in the exception list 326, 366 of the event recognizer that recognized the event.
In some embodiments, event recognizers may be configured to utilize the touch cancellation flag in conjunction with the delay touch end flag to prevent unwanted sub-events from being delivered to the hit view. For example, the definition of a single tap gesture and the first half of a double tap gesture are identical. Once a single tap event recognizer successfully recognizes a single tap, an undesired action could take place. If the delay touch end flag is set, the single tap event recognizer is prevented from sending sub-events to the hit view until a single tap event is recognized. In addition, the wait-for list of the single tap event recognizer may identify the double-tap event recognizer, thereby preventing the single tap event recognizer from recognizing a single tap until the double-tap event recognizer has entered the event impossible state. The use of the wait-for list avoids the execution of actions associated with a single tap when a double tap gesture is performed. Instead, only actions associated with a double tap will be executed, in response to recognition of the double tap event.
Turning in particular to forms of user touches on touch-sensitive surfaces, as noted above, touches and user gestures may include an act that need not be instantaneous, e.g., a touch can include an act of moving or holding a finger against a display for a period of time. A touch data structure, however, defines the state of a touch (or, more generally, the state of any input source) at a particular time. Therefore, the values stored in a touch data structure may change over the course of a single touch, enabling the state of the single touch at different points in time to be conveyed to an application.
Each touch data structure can comprise various fields. In some embodiments, touch data structures may include data corresponding to at least the touch-specific fields 339 in
For example, a “first touch for view” field 345 in
Optionally, an “info” field 347, 387 can be used to indicate if a touch is a rudimentary gesture. For example, the “info” field 347, 387 can indicate whether the touch is a swipe and, if so, in which direction the swipe is oriented. A swipe is a quick drag of one or more fingers in a straight direction. API implementations (discussed below) can determine if a touch is a swipe and pass that information to the application through the “info” field 347, 387, thus alleviating the application of some data processing that would have been necessary if the touch were a swipe.
Optionally, a “tap count” field 348 in
A “phase” field 349, 389 can indicate a particular phase the touch-based gesture is currently in. The phase field 349, 389 can have various values, such as “touch phase began” which can indicate that the touch data structure defines a new touch that has not been referenced by previous touch data structures. A “touch phase moved” value can indicate that the touch being defined has moved from a prior position. A “touch phase stationary” value can indicate that the touch has stayed in the same position. A “touch phase ended” value can indicate that the touch has ended (e.g., the user has lifted his/her finger from the surface of a multi touch display). A “touch phase cancelled” value can indicate that the touch has been cancelled by the device. A cancelled touch can be a touch that is not necessarily ended by a user, but which the device has determined to ignore. For example, the device can determine that the touch is being generated inadvertently (i.e., as a result of placing a portable multi touch enabled device in one's pocket) and ignore the touch for that reason. Each value of the “phase field” 349, 389 can be an integer number.
Thus, each touch data structure can define what is happening with a respective touch (or other input source) at a particular time (e.g., whether the touch is stationary, being moved, etc.) as well as other information associated with the touch (such as position). Accordingly, each touch data structure can define the state of a particular touch at a particular moment in time. One or more touch data structures referencing the same time can be added in a touch event data structure that can define the states of all touches a particular view is receiving at a moment in time (as noted above, some touch data structures may also reference touches that have ended and are no longer being received). Multiple touch event data structures can be sent to the software implementing a view as time passes, in order to provide the software with continuous information describing the touches that are happening in the view.
In some embodiments, event recognizer global methods 312 include event monitor 311, hit view determination module 314, active event recognizer determination module 316, and event dispatcher module 315. In some embodiments, event recognizer global methods 312 are located within event delivery system 122 (
Event monitor 311 receives event information from one or more sensors 116, touch-sensitive display 156, and/or one or more input devices 128. Event information includes information about an event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 156, as part of a multi-touch gesture or a motion of device 102) and/or a sub-event (e.g., a movement of a touch across touch-sensitive display 156). For example, event information for a touch event includes one or more of: a location and time stamp of a touch. Similarly, event information for a swipe event includes two or more of: a location, time stamp, direction, and speed of a swipe. Sensors 116, touch-sensitive display 156, and input devices 128 transmit information event and sub-event information to event monitor 311 either directly or through a peripherals interface, which retrieves and stores event information. Sensors 116 include one or more of: proximity sensor, accelerometer(s), gyroscopes, microphone, and video camera. In some embodiments, sensors 116 also include input devices 128 and/or touch-sensitive display 156.
In some embodiments, event monitor 311 sends requests to sensors 116 and/or the peripherals interface at predetermined intervals. In response, sensors 116 and/or the peripherals interface transmit event information. In other embodiments, sensors 116 and the peripheral interface transmit event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input beyond a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
Event monitor 311 receives event information and relays the event information to event dispatcher module 315. In some embodiments, event monitor 311 determines one or more respective applications (e.g., 133-1) to which to deliver the event information. In some embodiments, event monitor 311 also determines one or more respective application views 317 of the one or more respective applications to which to deliver the event information.
In some embodiments, event recognizer global methods 312 also include a hit view determination module 314 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 316.
Hit view determination module 314, if present, provides software procedures for determining where an event or a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display 156 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with a respective application (e.g., 133-1) is a set of views 317, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to a particular view within a view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 314 receives information related to events and/or sub-events. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 314 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the event or sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating event or sub-event occurs (i.e., the first event or sub-event in the sequence of events and/or sub-events that form a gesture). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all events and/or sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. However, the hit view is not always a sole view that receives all events and/or sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. Stated differently, in some embodiments, another application (e.g., 133-2) or another view of the same application also receives at least a subset of the events and/or sub-events related to the same touch or input source regardless of whether a hit view has been determined for the touch or input source.
Active event recognizer determination module 316 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. In some application contexts, active event recognizer determination module 316 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. In other application contexts, active event recognizer determination module 316 determines that all views that include the physical location of an event or sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. In other application contexts, even if touch events and/or sub-events are entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy still remain as actively involved views and thus the views higher in the hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. Additionally, or alternatively, active event recognizer determination module 316 determines which application(s) in a programmatic hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. Thus, in some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 316 determines that only a respective application in the programmatic hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 316 determines that a plurality of applications in the programmatic hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of events and/or sub-events.
Event dispatcher module 315 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (also called herein “gesture recognizer”) (e.g., event recognizer 325-1). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 316, event dispatcher module 315 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 316. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 315 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event recognizer 325 (or event receiver 3031 in a respective event recognizer 325).
In some embodiments, a respective application (e.g., 133-1) includes application internal state 321, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display 156 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 134 (
In some embodiments, application internal state 321 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 133-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 133-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 133-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. In some embodiments, application internal state 321 further includes contextual information/text and metadata 323.
In some embodiments, application 133-1 includes one or more application views 317, each of which has corresponding instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface (e.g., a corresponding event handler 319). At least one application view 317 of the application 133-1 includes one or more event recognizers 325. Typically, a respective application view 317 includes a plurality of event recognizers 325. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 325 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 133-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective application view 317 also includes one or more of: data updater, object updater, GUI updater, and/or event data received.
A respective application (e.g., 133-1) also includes one or more event handlers 319. Typically, a respective application (e.g., 133-1) includes a plurality of event handlers 319.
A respective event recognizer 325-1 receives event information from event dispatcher module 315 (directly or indirectly through application 133-1), and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 325-1 includes event receiver 3031 and event comparator 3033.
The event information includes information about an event (e.g., a touch) or a sub-event (e.g., a touch movement). Depending on the event or sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the event or sub-event. When the event or sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 3033 compares the event information to one or more predefined gesture definitions (also called herein “event definitions”) and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 3033 includes one or more gesture definitions 3035 (as described above, also called herein “event definitions”). Gesture definitions 3035 contain definitions of gestures (e.g., predefined sequences of events and/or sub-events), for example, gesture 1 (3037-1), gesture 2 (3037-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in gesture definitions 3035 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for gesture 1 (3037-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase of the gesture, a first lift-off (touch end) for a next predetermined phase of the gesture, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a subsequent predetermined phase of the gesture, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a final predetermined phase of the gesture. In another example, the definition for gesture 2 (3037-2) includes a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display 156, and lift-off of the touch (touch end).
In some embodiments, event recognizer 325-1 also includes information for event delivery 3039. Information for event delivery 3039 includes references to corresponding event handlers 319. Optionally, information for event delivery 3039 includes action-target pair(s). In some embodiments, in response to recognizing a gesture (or a part of a gesture), event information (e.g., action message(s)) is sent to one or more targets identified by the action-target pair(s). In other embodiments, in response to recognizing a gesture (or a part of a gesture), the action-target pair(s) are activated.
In some embodiments, gesture definitions 3035 include a definition of a gesture for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 3033 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display 156, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 156, event comparator 3033 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects, if any, is associated with the touch (event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 319, event comparator 3033 uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 319 should be activated. For example, event comparator 3033 selects an event handler 319 associated with the event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, a respective gesture definition 3037 for a respective gesture also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of events and/or sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 325-1 determines that the series of events and/or sub-events do not match any of the events in gesture definitions 3035, the respective event recognizer 325-1 enters an event failed state, after which the respective event recognizer 325-1 disregards subsequent events and/or sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process events and/or sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, when no event recognizer for the hit view remains, the event information is sent to one or more event recognizers in a higher view in the view hierarchy. Alternatively, when no event recognizer for the hit view remains, the event information is disregarded. In some embodiments, when no event recognizer for views in the view hierarchy remains, the event information is sent to one or more event recognizers in a higher programmatic level in the programmatic hierarchy. Alternatively, when no event recognizer for views in the view hierarchy remains, the event information is disregarded.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 325-1 includes event recognizer state 334. Event recognizer state 334 includes a state of the respective event recognizer 325-1. Examples of event recognizer states are described in more detail below with reference to
In some embodiments, event recognizer state 334 includes recognizer metadata and properties 3043. In some embodiments, recognizer metadata and properties 3043 include one or more of the following: A) configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform event and/or sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers; B) configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact with one another; C) configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers receive event information; D) configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may recognize a gesture; E) configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether events and/or sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view hierarchy; and F) references to corresponding event handlers 319.
In some embodiments, event recognizer state 334 includes event/touch metadata 3045. Event/touch metadata 3045 includes event/touch information about a respective event/touch that has been detected and corresponds to a respective gesture definition 3037 of gesture definitions 3035. The event/touch information includes one or more of: a location, time stamp, speed, direction, distance, scale (or change in scale), and angle (or change in angle) of the respective event/touch.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 325 activates event handler 319 associated with the respective event recognizer 325 when one or more particular events and/or sub-events of a gesture are recognized. In some embodiments, respective event recognizer 325 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 319.
Event handler 319, when activated, performs one or more of: creating and/or updating data, creating and updating objects, and preparing display information and sending it for display on display 126 or touch-sensitive display 156.
In some embodiments, a respective application view 317-2 includes view metadata 341. As described above with respect to
In some embodiments, a first actively involved view within the view hierarchy may be configured to prevent delivery of a respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with that first actively involved view. This behavior can implement the skip property 343. When the skip property is set for an application view, delivery of the respective sub-event is still performed for event recognizers associated with other actively involved views in the view hierarchy.
Alternately, a first actively involved view within the view hierarchy may be configured to prevent delivery of a respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with that first actively involved view unless the first actively involved view is the hit view. This behavior can implement the conditional NoHit skip property 344.
In some embodiments, a second actively involved view within the view hierarchy is configured to prevent delivery of the respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with the second actively involved view and to event recognizers associated with ancestors of the second actively involved view. This behavior can implement the stop property 342.
A software application (e.g., application 133-1) has one or more event recognizers 3040. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer (e.g., 3040-2) is an event recognizer class. The respective event recognizer (e.g., 3040-2) includes event recognizer specific code 338 (e.g., a set of instructions defining the operation of event recognizers) and state machine 340.
In some embodiments, application state 321 of a software application (e.g., application 133-1) includes instances of event recognizers. Each instance of an event recognizer is an object having a state (e.g., event recognizer state 334). “Execution” of a respective event recognizer instance is implemented by executing corresponding event recognizer specific code (e.g., 338) and updating or maintaining the state 334 of the event recognizer instance 3047. The state 334 of event recognizer instance 3047 includes the state 3038 of the event recognizer instance's state machine 340.
In some embodiments, application state 321 includes a plurality of event recognizer instances 3047. A respective event recognizer instance 3047 typically corresponds to an event recognizer that has been bound (also called “attached”) to a view of the application. In some embodiments, one or more event recognizer instances 3047 are bound to a respective application in a programmatic hierarchy without reference to any particular view of the respective application. In some embodiments, application state 321 includes a plurality of instances (e.g., 3047-1 to 3047-L) of a respective event recognizer (e.g., 3040-2). In some embodiments, application state 321 includes instances 3047 of a plurality of event recognizers (e.g., 3040-1 to 3040-R).
In some embodiments, a respective instance 3047-2 of a gesture recognizer 3040 includes event recognizer state 334. As discussed above, in some embodiments, event recognizer state 334 includes recognizer metadata and properties 3043 and event/touch metadata 3045. In some embodiments, event recognizer state 334 also includes view hierarchy reference(s) 336, indicating to which view the respective instance 3047-2 of the gesture recognizer 3040-2 is attached.
In some embodiments, recognizer metadata and properties 3043 include the following, or a subset or superset thereof:
In some embodiments, one or more event recognizers may be adapted to delay delivering one or more sub-events of the sequence of sub-events until after the event recognizer recognizes the event. This behavior reflects a delayed event. For example, consider a single tap gesture in a view for which multiple tap gestures are possible. In that case, a tap event becomes a “tap+delay” recognizer. In essence, when an event recognizer implements this behavior, the event recognizer will delay event recognition until it is certain that the sequence of sub-events does in fact correspond to its event definition. This behavior may be appropriate when a recipient view is incapable of appropriately responding to cancelled events. In some embodiments, an event recognizer will delay updating its event recognition status to its respective actively involved view until the event recognizer is certain that the sequence of sub-events does not correspond to its event definition. Delay touch began flag 328, delay touch end flag 330, and touch cancellation flag 332 are provided to tailor sub-event delivery techniques, as well as event recognizer and view status information updates to specific needs.
In some embodiments, recognizer metadata and properties 3043 include the following, or a subset or superset thereof:
In some embodiments, exception list 326 can also be used by non-exclusive event recognizers. In particular, when a non-exclusive event recognizer recognizes an event or sub-event, subsequent events and/or sub-events are not delivered to the exclusive event recognizers associated with the currently active views, except for those exclusive event recognizers listed in exception list 326 of the event recognizer that recognized the event or sub-event.
In some embodiments, event recognizers may be configured to utilize the touch cancellation flag 332 in conjunction with the delay touch end flag 330 to prevent unwanted events and/or sub-events from being delivered to the hit view. For example, the definition of a single tap gesture and the first half of a double tap gesture are identical. Once a single tap event recognizer successfully recognizes a single tap, an undesired action could take place. If the delay touch end flag is set, the single tap event recognizer is prevented from sending sub-events to the hit view until a single tap event is recognized. In addition, the wait-for list of the single tap event recognizer may identify the double-tap event recognizer, thereby preventing the single tap event recognizer from recognizing a single tap until the double-tap event recognizer has entered the event impossible state. The use of the wait-for list avoids the execution of actions associated with a single tap when a double tap gesture is performed. Instead, only actions associated with a double tap will be executed, in response to recognition of the double tap event.
Turning in particular to forms of user touches on touch-sensitive surfaces, as noted above, touches and user gestures may include an act that need not be instantaneous, e.g., a touch can include an act of moving or holding a finger against a display for a period of time. A touch data structure, however, defines the state of a touch (or, more generally, the state of any input source) at a particular time. Therefore, the values stored in a touch data structure may change over the course of a single touch, enabling the state of the single touch at different points in time to be conveyed to an application.
Each touch data structure can comprise various entries. In some embodiments, touch data structures may include data corresponding to at least the touch-specific entries in event/touch metadata 3045 such as the following, or a subset or superset thereof:
Thus, each touch data structure can define what is happening with a respective touch (or other input source) at a particular time (e.g., whether the touch is stationary, being moved, etc.) as well as other information associated with the touch (such as position). Accordingly, each touch data structure can define the state of a particular touch at a particular moment in time. One or more touch data structures referencing the same time can be added in a touch event data structure that can define the states of all touches a particular view is receiving at a moment in time (as noted above, some touch data structures may also reference touches that have ended and are no longer being received). Multiple touch event data structures can be sent to the software implementing a view as time passes, in order to provide the software with continuous information describing the touches that are happening in the view.
The ability to handle complex touch-based gestures, optionally including multi-touch gestures, can add complexity to the various software applications. In some cases, such additional complexity can be necessary to implement advanced and desirable interface features. For example, a game may require the ability to handle multiple simultaneous touches that occur in different views, as games often require the pressing of multiple buttons at the same time, or combining accelerometer data with touches on a touch-sensitive surface. However, some simpler applications and/or views need not require advanced interface features. For example, a simple soft button (i.e., a button that is displayed on a touch-sensitive display) may operate satisfactorily with single touches, rather than multi-touch functionality. In these cases, the underlying OS may send unnecessary or excessive touch data (e.g., multi-touch data) to a software component associated with a view that is intended to be operable by single touches only (e.g., a single touch or tap on a soft button). Because the software component may need to process this data, it may need to feature all the complexity of a software application that handles multiple touches, even though it is associated with a view for which only single touches are relevant. This can increase the cost of development of software for the device, because software components that have been traditionally easy to program in a mouse interface environment (i.e., various buttons, etc.) may be much more complex in a multi-touch environment.
In order to reduce the complexity in recognizing complex touch-based gestures, delegates can be used to control the behavior of event recognizers in accordance with some embodiments. As described below, delegates can determine, for example, whether a corresponding event recognizer (or gesture recognizer) can receive the event (e.g., touch) information; whether the corresponding event recognizer (or gesture recognizer) can transition from an initial state (e.g., event possible state) of state machine to another state; and/or whether the corresponding event recognizer (or gesture recognizer) can simultaneously recognize the event (e.g., touch) as a corresponding gesture without blocking other event recognizer(s) (or gesture recognizer(s)) from recognizing the event or getting blocked by other event recognizer(s) (or gesture recognizer(s)) recognizing the event.
It shall be understood, however, that the foregoing discussion regarding the complexity of evaluating and processing user touches on touch-sensitive surfaces also applies to all forms of user inputs to operate electronic device 102 with input devices 128, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, device rotations or other movements, user movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, detected physiological change in a user, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to events and/or sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
Turning to the flow of event information,
In some embodiments, regardless of event type, the event recognizer state machine 400 begins in an event recognition begins state 405, and may progress to any of the remaining states depending on what sub-event is received. To facilitate discussion of the event recognizer state machine 400, the direct paths from the event recognition begins state 405 to the event recognized state 415, the event possible state 410, and event impossible state 420 will be discussed, followed by a description of the paths leading from the event possible state 410.
Starting from event recognition begins state 405, if a sub-event is received that, by itself comprises the event definition for an event, the event recognizer state machine 400 will transition to event recognized state 415.
Starting from state event recognition begins 405, if a sub-event is received that is not the first sub-event in an event definition, the event recognizer state machine 400 will transition to event impossible state 420.
Starting from event recognition begins state 405, if a sub-event is received that is the first and not final sub-event in a given event definition, the event recognizer state machine 400 will transition to event possible state 410. If the next sub-event received is a second sub-event, but not the final sub-event in the given event definition, the event recognizer state machine 400 will remain in state event possible 410. The event recognizer state machine 400 can remain in state event possible 410 for as long as the sequence of received sub-events continues to be part of the event definition. If, at any time the event recognizer state machine 400 is in event possible state 410, and the event recognizer state machine 400 receives a sub-event that is not part of the event definition, it will transition to state event impossible 420, thereby determining that the current event (if any) is not the type of event that corresponds to this event recognizer (i.e., the event recognizer corresponding to state 400). If, on the other hand, the event recognizer state machine 400 is in the event possible state 410, and the event recognizer state machine 400 receives the last sub-event in an event definition, it will transition to the event recognized state 415, thereby completing a successful event recognition.
Starting from input sequence begin 445, if an input is received that, by itself completes an input sequence, input source handling process 440 will transition to input sequence ended 455.
Starting from input sequence begin 445, if an input is received that indicates the input sequence terminated, input source handling process 440 will transition to input sequence cancelled 460.
Starting from input sequence begin 445, if an input is received that is the first and not final input in a input sequence, input source handling process 440 will transition to state input sequence continues 450. If the next input received is the second input in an input sequence, the input handling process 440 will remain in state input sequence continues 450. Input source handling process 440 can remain in state input sequence continues 450 for as long as the sequence of sub-events being delivered continue to be part of a given input sequence. If, at any time input source handling process 440 is in state input sequence continues 450, and input source handling process 440 receives an input that is not part of the input sequence, it will transition to state input sequence cancelled 460. If, on the other hand, input source handling process 440 is in input sequence continues 450, and the input handling process 440 receives the last input in a given input definition, it will transition to the input sequence ended 455, thereby successfully receiving a group of sub-events.
In some embodiments, input source handling process 440 may be implemented for particular views or programmatic levels. In that case, certain sequences of sub-events may result in transitioning to state input cancelled 460.
As an example, consider
For this example, the recognizer 468 also has its delay touch began flag 328 and touch cancellation flag 332 set. Now consider delivery of the following sequence of sub-events to recognizer 468, as well as the view 480:
Here, recognizer 468 would successfully recognize sub-events 1 and 2 as part of its event definition, and accordingly, would be in state event possible 472 immediately prior to the delivery of sub-event 3. Since recognizer 468 has its delay touch began flag 328 set, the initial touch sub-event is not sent to the hit view. Correspondingly, the view 480's input source handling process 440 would still be in state input sequence begin immediately prior to the delivery of sub-event 3.
Once delivery of sub-event 3 to recognizer 468 is complete, recognizer 468's state transitions to event impossible 476, and importantly, the recognizer 468 has now determined that the sequence of sub-events does not correspond to its specific vertical swipe gesture event type (i.e., it has decided the event is not a vertical swipe. In other words, recognition 474 as a vertical swipe does not occur in this example.). The input source handling system 440 for view input source handler 480 will also update its state. In some embodiments, the state of the view input source handler 480 would proceed from the input sequence begins state 482 to the input sequence continues state 484 when the event recognizer sends status information indicating that it has begun recognizing an event. The view input source handler 480 proceeds to the input sequence cancelled state 488 when the touch or input ends without an event being recognized because the touch cancellation flag 322 of the event recognizer has been set. Alternately, if the touch cancellation flag 322 of the event recognizer had not been set, the view input source handler 480 proceeds to the input sequence ended state 486 when the touch of input ends.
Since event recognizer 468's touch cancellation flag 332 is set, when the event recognizer 468 transitions to the event impossible state 476, the recognizer will send a touch cancellation sub-event or message to the hit view corresponding to the event recognizer. As a result, the view input source handler 480 will transition to the state input sequence cancelled 488.
In some embodiments, delivery of sub-event 465-4 is not germane to any event recognition decisions made by recognizer 468, though view input source handler 480's other event recognizers, if any, may continue to analyze the sequence of sub-events.
The following table presents in summarized tabular format the processing of this exemplary sub-event sequence 465 as related to the state of event recognizer 468 described above, along with the state of view input source handler 480. In this example, the state of the view input source handler 480 proceeds from input sequence begin 445 to input sequence cancelled 488 because recognizer 468's touch cancellation flag 332 was set:
Turning to
Before the first sub-event is delivered to view search results panel 304, event recognizers 580 and 590 are in the event recognition begins states 582 and 592, respectively. Following touch 301, which is delivered as sub-event detect finger down 521-1 to actively involved event recognizers for view search results panel 304 as touch sub-event 301-2 (as well as to actively involved event recognizers for map view 305 as touch sub-event 301-3), scrolling event recognizer 580 transitions to state event possible 584, and similarly, tap event recognizer 590 transitions to state event possible 594. This is because the event definition of a tap and a scroll both begin with a touch such as detecting a finger down on a touch-sensitive surface.
Some definitions of tap and scroll gestures may optionally include a delay between an initial touch and any next step in the event definition. In all examples discussed here, the exemplar event definitions for both tap and scroll gestures recognize a delay sub-event following the first touch sub-event (detect finger down).
Accordingly, as sub-event measure delay 521-2 is delivered to event recognizers 580 and 590, both remain in the event possible states 584 and 594, respectively.
Finally, sub-event detect finger liftoff 521-3 is delivered to event recognizers 580 and 590. In this case, the state transitions for event recognizers 580 and 590 are different, because the event definitions for tap and scroll are different. In the case of scrolling event recognizer 580, the next sub-event to remain in state event possible would be to detect movement. Since the sub-event delivered is detect finger liftoff 521-3, however, the scrolling event recognizer 580 transitions to state event impossible 588. A tap event definition concludes with a finger liftoff sub-event though. Accordingly, tap event recognizer 590 transitions to state event recognized 596 after sub-event detect finger liftoff 521-3 is delivered.
Note that in some embodiments, as discussed above with respect to
Turning to
Before the first sub-event is delivered to actively involved event recognizers for view search results panel 304, event recognizers 580 and 590 are in the event recognition begins states 582 and 592, respectively. Following delivery of sub-events corresponding to touch 301 (as discussed above), scrolling event recognizer 580 transitions to state event possible 584, and similarly, tap event recognizer 590 transitions to state event possible 594.
As sub-event measure delay 531-2 is delivered to event recognizers 580 and 590, both transition to the event possible states 584 and 594, respectively.
Next, sub-event detect finger movement 531-3 is delivered to event recognizers 580 and 590. In this case, the state transitions for event recognizers 580 and 590 are different because the event definitions for tap and scroll are different. In the case of scrolling event recognizer 580, the next sub-event to remain in state event possible is to detect movement, so the scrolling event recognizer 580 remains in the event possible state 584 when it receives sub-event detect finger movement 531-3. As discussed above, however, the definition for a tap concludes with a finger liftoff sub-event, so tap event recognizer 590 transitions to the state event impossible 598.
Finally, sub-event detect finger liftoff 531-4 is delivered to event recognizers 580 and 590. Tap event recognizer is already in the event impossible state 598, and no state transition occurs. Scrolling event recognizer 580's event definition concludes with detecting a finger liftoff. Since the sub-event delivered is detect finger liftoff 531-4, the scrolling event recognizer 580 transitions to state event recognized 586. It is noted that a finger movement on a touch sensitive surface may generate multiple movement sub-events, and therefore a scroll may be recognized before liftoff and continue until liftoff.
The following table presents in summarized tabular format the delivery of sub-event sequence 530 as related to event recognizers 580, 590, and input source handling process 440:
Turning to
Before the first sub-event is delivered to actively involved event recognizers for map view 305, event recognizers 570 and 590 are in the event recognition begins states 572 and 592, respectively. Following delivery of sub-events related to touch sub-event 301 to map view 304 (as described above), double tap event recognizer 570 and tap event recognizer 590 transition to states event possible 574 and 594, respectively. This is because the event definition of a tap and a double tap both begin with a touch such as detecting a finger down 541-1 on a touch-sensitive surface.
As sub-event measure delay 541-2 is delivered to event recognizers 570 and 590, both remain in states event possible 574 and 594, respectively.
Next, sub-event detect finger liftoff 541-3 is delivered to event recognizers 570 and 590. In this case, the state transitions for event recognizers 580 and 590 are different because the exemplar event definitions for tap and double tap are different. In the case of tap event recognizer 590, the final sub-event in the event definition is to detect finger liftoff, so the tap event recognizer 590 transitions to the event recognized state 596.
Double tap recognizer 570 remains in state event possible 574, however, since a delay has begun, regardless of what the user may ultimately do. The complete event recognition definition for a double tap requires another delay, followed by a complete tap sub-event sequence though. This creates an ambiguous situation as between the tap event recognizer 590, which is already in state event recognized 576, and the double tap recognizer 570, which is still in state event possible 574.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, event recognizers may implement exclusivity flags and exclusivity exception lists as discussed above with respect to
While tap event recognizer 590 remains in state event recognized 596, sub-event sequence 540 continues to be delivered to double tap event recognizer 570, where sub-events measure delay 541-4, detect finger down 541-5, and measure delay 541-6, keep the double tap event recognizer 570 in the state event possible 574; delivery of the final sub-event of sequence 540, detect finger liftoff 541-7 transitions double tap event recognizer 570 to state event recognized 576.
At this point, the map view 305 takes the event double tap as recognized by event recognizer 570, rather than the single tap event recognized by tap event recognizer 590. The decision to take the double tap event is made in light of the combination of the tap event recognizer 590's exclusivity flag 324 being set, the tap event recognizer 590's exclusivity exception list 326 including a double tap event, and the fact that both the tap event recognizer 590 and the double tap event recognizer 570 both successfully recognized their respective event types.
The following table presents in summarized tabular format the delivery of sub-event sequence 540 as related to event recognizers 570 and 590, and sub-event handling process 440:
In another embodiment, in the event scenario of
Attention is now directed to
The method 600 is configured to execute software that includes a view hierarchy with a plurality of views. The method 600 displays 608 one or more views of the view hierarchy, and executes 610 one or more software elements. Each software element is associated with a particular view, and each particular view includes one or more event recognizers, such as those described in
Each event recognizer generally includes an event definition based on one or more sub-events, where the event definition may be implemented as a state machine, see e.g.,
In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of event recognizers is a gesture recognizer having a gesture definition and a gesture handler as noted in step 612 of
In some embodiments, the event definition defines a user gesture as noted in step 614 of
Alternatively, event recognizers have a set of event recognition states 616. These event recognition states may include at least an event possible state, an event impossible state, and an event recognized state.
In some embodiments, the event handler initiates preparation 618 of its corresponding action for delivery to the target if the event recognizer enters the event possible state. As discussed above with respect to
On the other hand, in some embodiments, the event handler may terminate preparation 620 of its corresponding action if the event recognizer enters the state event impossible 420. In some embodiments, terminating the corresponding action includes canceling any preparation of the event handler's corresponding action.
The example of
In some embodiments, the event handler completes preparation 622 of its corresponding action for delivery to the target if the event recognizer enters the event recognized state. The example of
In some embodiments, the event handler delivers 624 its corresponding action to the target associated with the event recognizer. Continuing with the example of
Alternatively, the plurality of event recognizers may independently process 626 the sequence of one or more sub-events in parallel.
In some embodiments, one or more event recognizers may be configured as exclusive event recognizers 628, as discussed above with respect to
In some embodiments, exclusive event recognizers may include 630 an event exception list, as discussed above with respect to
Alternately, the event definition may define a user input operation 634.
In some embodiments, one or more event recognizers may be adapted to delay delivering every sub-event of the sequence of sub-events until after the event is recognized.
The method 600 detects 636 a sequence of one or more sub-events, and in some embodiments, the sequence of one or more sub-events may include primitive touch events 638. Primitive touch events may include, without limitation, basic components of a touch-based gesture on a touch-sensitive surface, such as data related to an initial finger or stylus touch down, data related to initiation of multi-finger or stylus movement across a touch-sensitive surface, dual finger movements in opposing directions, stylus lift off from a touch-sensitive surface, etc.
Sub-events in the sequence of one or more sub-events can include many forms, including without limitation, key presses, key press holds, key press releases, button presses, button press holds, button press releases, joystick movements, mouse movements, mouse button presses, mouse button releases, pen stylus touches, pen stylus movements, pen stylus releases, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and detected physiological changes in a user, among others.
The method 600 identifies 640 one of the views of the view hierarchy as a hit view. The hit view establishes which views in the view hierarchy are actively involved views. An example is depicted in
In some embodiments, a first actively involved view within the view hierarchy may be configured 642 to prevent delivery of the respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with that first actively involved view. This behavior can implement the skip property discussed above with respect to
Alternately, a first actively involved view within the view hierarchy may be configured 644 to prevent delivery of the respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with that first actively involved view unless the first actively involved view is the hit view. This behavior can implement the conditional skip property discussed above with respect to
In some embodiments, a second actively involved view within the view hierarchy is configured 646 to prevent delivery of the respective sub-event to event recognizers associated with the second actively involved view and to event recognizers associated with ancestors of the second actively involved view. This behavior can implement the stop property discussed above with respect to
The method 600 delivers 648 a respective sub-event to event recognizers for each actively involved view within the view hierarchy. In some embodiments, event recognizers for actively involved views in the view hierarchy process the respective sub-event prior to processing a next sub-event in the sequence of sub-events. Alternately, event recognizers for the actively involved views in the view hierarchy make their sub-event recognition decisions while processing the respective sub-event.
In some embodiments, event recognizers for actively involved views in the view hierarchy may process the sequence of one or more sub-events concurrently 650; alternatively, event recognizers for actively involved views in the view hierarchy may process the sequence of one or more sub-events in parallel.
In some embodiments, one or more event recognizers may be adapted to delay delivering 652 one or more sub-events of the sequence of sub-events until after the event recognizer recognizes the event. This behavior reflects a delayed event. For example, consider a single tap gesture in a view for which multiple tap gestures are possible. In that case, a tap event becomes a “tap+delay” recognizer. In essence, when an event recognizer implements this behavior, the event recognizer will delay event recognition until it is certain that the sequence of sub-events does in fact correspond to its event definition. This behavior may be appropriate when a recipient view is incapable of appropriately responding to cancelled events. In some embodiments, an event recognizer will delay updating its event recognition status to its respective actively involved view until the event recognizer is certain that the sequence of sub-events does not correspond to its event definition. As discussed above with respect to
Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 156 (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display (e.g., a touchpad or trackpad). In some embodiments the touch-sensitive surface has a primary axis that corresponds to a primary axis on the display. In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts with the touch-sensitive surface at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display. In this way, user inputs detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display of the electronic device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein.
The exemplary user interface includes a plurality of application icons 5002 (e.g., 5002-25 through 5002-38). From the home screen 708, a finger gesture can be used to launch an application. For example, tap finger gesture 701 at a location that corresponds to application icon 5002-36 initiates launching an email application.
In
In
In
Referring to
In some embodiments, when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, web browser application view 712-6 ceases to be displayed, and the entire home screen 708 is displayed. Alternatively, when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, it is determined whether the entire home screen 708 is to be displayed or web browser application view 712-6 is to be displayed at a full-screen scale. In some embodiments, the determination is made based on the reduced scale when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be displayed (e.g., if the application view is displayed at a scale smaller than a predefined threshold when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, the entire home screen 708 is displayed; if the application view is displayed at a scale larger than the predefined threshold when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, the application view is displayed at a full-screen scale without a display of home screen 708). In some embodiments, the determination is made also based on the speed of the multi-finger gesture.
Method 800 allows a user to control with a gesture a hidden open application that is not currently displayed on a display of the electronic device (e.g., the first software application), such as a background application, a suspended application, or a hibernated application. Thus, the user can perform operations that are not provided by the application currently displayed on the display of the electronic device (e.g., the second software application) but are provided by one of the currently open applications (e.g., displaying a home screen or switching to a next software application using gestures for a hidden application launcher software application).
In some embodiments, the first software application is (804) an application launcher (e.g., a springboard). For example, as shown in
The second software application is typically a software application launched by the application launcher. As illustrated in
In some embodiments, the electronic device has only two software applications in the programmatic hierarchy: an application launcher and one other software application (typically a software application corresponding to one or more views displayed on touch screen 156 of electronic device 102).
In some embodiments, the first software application is (806) an operating system application. As used herein, an operating system application refers to an application that is integrated with an operating system 118 (
The electronic device displays (808) at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application (e.g., web browser application view 712-6,
In some embodiments, the displaying includes (810) displaying at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application without displaying any view of the first software application. For example, in
In some embodiments, the displaying includes (812) displaying at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application without displaying a view of any other application. For example, in
While displaying at least the subset of the one or more views of the second software application, the electronic device detects (814) a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., gesture 703, which includes a touch-down event and a touch-up event; or another gesture, which includes touch-down of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711, movements of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711 across touch screen 156, and lift-off of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711). The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. As used herein, the term “sequence” refers to the order in which one or more touch events happens. For example, in the sequence of touch inputs including finger contacts 707, 709, and 711, the first portion may include the touch-down of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711, and the second portion may include the movements of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711, and lift-off of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711.
In some embodiments, the detecting occurs (816) while touch inputs in the first portion of one or more touch inputs at least partially overlap at least one of the displayed views of the second software application. In some embodiments, even though the touch inputs at least partially overlap at least one of the displayed views of the second software application, the first software application receives the first portion of one or more touch inputs. For example, the application launcher receives the first portion of touch inputs on the displayed views of the web browser (
During a first phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs (818), the electronic device delivers (820) the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application (e.g., using event dispatcher module 315,
In some embodiments, the first phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs is a phase of detecting the first portion of one or more touch inputs.
Regarding the delivering operation (820), in some embodiments, the first software application, after receiving the first portion of one or more inputs, delivers the first portion of one or more touch inputs to at least a subset of gesture recognizers in the first set, and the second software application, after receiving the first portion of one or more inputs, delivers the first portion of one or more touch inputs to at least a subset of gesture recognizers in the second set. In some embodiments, the electronic device or an event dispatcher module (e.g., 315,
For example, when the finger gesture including finger contacts 707, 709, and 711 is detected on touch screen 156 (
In some embodiments, when no gesture recognizer in the first set recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs (e.g., a mismatch between detected events and the gesture definition or the gesture is not completed), processing the first portion of one or more touch inputs includes performing a null operation (e.g., the device does not update the displayed user interface).
In some embodiments, the electronic device identifies from gesture recognizers in the second set, one or more matching gesture recognizers that recognizer the first portion of one or more touch inputs. The electronic device processes the first portion of one or more touch inputs with one or more gesture handlers corresponding to the one or more matching gesture recognizers. For example, in response to tap gesture 703 (
In some embodiments, during a second phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs, subsequent to the first phase, the electronic device delivers (826,
For example, when the finger gesture including finger contacts 707, 709, and 711 is detected on touch screen 156 (
The second software application does not receive the second portion of one or more touch inputs during the second phase, typically because the first software application has a priority over the second software application (e.g., in the programmatic hierarchy). Thus, in some embodiments, when a gesture recognizer in the first software application recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs, the one or more gesture recognizers in the first software application exclusively receive the second subsequent portion of one or more touch inputs. In addition, the second software application may not receive the second portion of one or more touch inputs during the second phase, because no gesture recognizer in the second software application matches the first portion of one or more touch inputs.
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer includes (834) displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application. For example, in
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer includes (828) displaying one or more views of the first software application. For example, in response to a multi-finger pinch gesture (
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer includes (830) replacing the display of the one or more views of the second software application with display of one or more views of the first software application (e.g., displaying home screen 708,
In some embodiments, the electronic device concurrently executes (832) the first software application, the second software application, and a third software application. In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer includes replacing the one or more displayed views of the second software application with one or more views of the third software application. For example, in response to a multi-finger swipe gesture, the electronic device replaces the display of web browser application view 712-6 with a display of weather application view 712-5 (
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer includes launching a settings application. For example, in response to a ten-finger tap gesture, the electronic device launches the settings application.
Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method 800 are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 900 described below. For brevity, these details are not repeated below.
Method 900 allows a user to control with a gesture a hidden open application that is not currently displayed on a display of the electronic device (e.g., the first software application), such as a background application, a suspended application, or a hibernated application Thus, the user can perform operations that are not provided by the application currently displayed on the display of the electronic device (e.g., the second software application) but are provided by one of the currently open applications (e.g., displaying a home screen or switching to a next software application using gestures for a hidden application launcher software application).
In some embodiments, the first software application is (904) an application launcher (e.g., a springboard). In some embodiments, the first software application is (906) an operating system application. In the following description of method 900, an application launcher is used as an exemplary first software application and a web browser application is used as an exemplary second software application.
The electronic device displays (908) a first set of one or more views (e.g., web browser application view 712-6,
In some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more views includes (910) displaying the first set of one or more views without displaying any view of the first software application (e.g., web browser application view 712-6,
In some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more views includes (912) displaying the first set of one or more views without displaying a view of any other software application. For example, in
While displaying the first set of the one or more views, the electronic device detects (914) a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display, and determines (920) whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs. For example, while displaying web browser application view 712-6 (
In some embodiments, the sequence of touch inputs at least partially overlaps (916) at least one of the one or more displayed views of the second software application. For example, the application launcher receives the first portion of touch inputs on web browser application view 712-6 (
In some embodiments, prior to a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs, the electronic device concurrently delivers (918) the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application. For example, both the application launcher and the web browser application receive the touch-down event of finger contacts 707, 709, and 711 (
In accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs (922,
For example, when the touch-down and touch-movement of three finger contacts 707, 709, and 711 are detected on touch screen 156 (
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers includes (930) displaying one or more views of the first software application. For example, in response to detecting a multi-finger pinch gesture (
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers includes (932) replacing the display of the first set of one or more views with display of one or more views of the first software application (e.g., displaying home screen 708,
In some embodiments, the electronic device concurrently executes the first software application, the second software application, and a third software application; and processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers includes (934) replacing the first set of one or more views with one or more views of the third software application. In some embodiments, replacing the first set of one or more views with one or more views of the third software application includes displaying the one or more views of the third software application without concurrently displaying a view corresponding to any other software application. For example, in response to a multi-finger swipe gesture, the electronic device replaces the display of web browser application view 712-6 with a display of weather application view 712-5 (
In some embodiments, processing the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers includes (936) displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a subset of the first set of one or more views. For example, in
In accordance with a determination that no gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs (938,
For example, when the first portion of one or more touch inputs is tap gesture (e.g., 703,
Method 1000 is performed (1002) at an electronic device with an internal state (e.g., device/global internal state 134,
In method 1000, at least one gesture recognizer has a plurality of gesture definitions. This helps the gesture recognizer work in different distinct operating modes. For example, a device may have a normal operating mode and an accessibility operating mode. In the normal operating mode, a next application gesture is used to move between applications, and the next application gesture is defined as a three-finger left-swipe gesture. In the accessibility operating mode, the three-finger left-swipe gesture is used to perform a different function. Thus, a gesture different from the three-finger left-swipe is needed in the accessibility operating mode to correspond to the next application gesture (e.g., a four-finger left-swipe gesture in the accessibility operating mode). By having multiple gesture definitions associated with the next application gesture, the device can select one of the gesture definitions for the next application gesture, depending on the current operating mode. This provides flexibility in using the gesture recognizer in different operating modes. In some embodiments, a plurality of gesture recognizers with multiple gesture definitions is adjusted depending on the operating mode (e.g., gestures performed with three fingers in the normal operating mode are performed with four fingers in the accessibility operating mode).
In some embodiments, the internal state includes (1016) one or more settings for an accessibility operating mode (e.g., the internal state indicates whether the device is operating in the accessibility operating mode).
In some embodiments, the software is (1018) or includes an application launcher (e.g., a springboard).
In some embodiments, the software is (1020) or includes an operating system application (e.g., an application integrated with an operating system of the device).
The electronic device displays (1004) one or more views of the view hierarchy.
The electronic device executes (1006) one or more software elements. Each software element is associated with a particular view (e.g., application 133-1 has one or more application views 317,
The electronic device detects (1008) a sequence of one or more sub-events.
The electronic device identifies (1010) one of the views of the view hierarchy as a hit view. The hit view establishes which views in the view hierarchy are actively involved views.
The electronic device delivers (1012) a respective sub-event to event recognizers for each actively involved view within the view hierarchy. In some embodiments, the one or more actively involved views in the view hierarchy include the hit view. In some embodiments, the one or more actively involved views in the view hierarchy include a default view (e.g., home screen 708 of the application launcher).
At least one event recognizer for actively involved views in the view hierarchy has (1014) a plurality of event definitions, one of which is selected in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device. For example, event recognizer 325-1 has a plurality of gesture definitions (e.g., 3037-1 and 3037-2,
For example,
Similarly,
In some embodiments, the plurality of event definitions includes (1020) a first event definition corresponding to a first swipe gesture with a first number of fingers and a second event definition corresponding to a second swipe gesture with a second number of fingers distinct from the first number of fingers. For example, the plurality of event definitions for a respective gesture recognizer may include a three-finger swipe gesture and a four-finger swipe gesture.
In some embodiments, the plurality of event definitions includes a first event definition corresponding a first gesture of a first kind with a first number of fingers and a second event definition corresponding to a second gesture of the first kind with a second number of fingers distinct from the first number of fingers (e.g., a one-finger tap gesture and a two-finger tap gesture, a two-finger pinch gesture and a three-finger pinch gesture, etc.).
In some embodiments, the plurality of event definitions includes a first event definition corresponding to a first gesture and a second event definition corresponding to a second gesture distinct from the first gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture and a pinch gesture, a swipe gesture and a tap gesture, etc.).
In some embodiments, a respective definition of the plurality of event definitions is selected (1022) for a respective event recognizer in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device and a determination (by the electronic device) that the respective event definition does not correspond to an event definition of any event recognizer for the actively involved views other than the respective event recognizer.
For example, a respective gesture recognizer may have two event definitions: a first event definition corresponding to a three-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for a normal operating mode and a second event definition corresponding to a four-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for an accessibility operating mode. When the internal state of the electronic device is set in a way such that the electronic device operates in the accessibility mode, the electronic device determines whether the four-finger left swipe gesture for the second event definition is used by any other event recognizer for the actively involved views. If the four-finger left swipe gesture is not used by any other event recognizer for the actively involved views, the four-finger left swipe gesture is selected for the respective gesture recognizer in the accessibility operating mode. On the other hand, if the four-finger left swipe gesture is used by any other event recognizer for the actively involved views, the three-finger left swipe gesture is used for the respective gesture recognizer even in the accessibility operating mode. This prevents two or more gesture recognizers from undesirably responding to a same gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective definition of the plurality of event definitions is selected for a respective event recognizer in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device and a determination (by the electronic device) that the respective event definition does not correspond to an event definition of any event recognizer (including event recognizers for the actively involved views and any other views) other than the respective event recognizer.
In some embodiments, two or more event recognizers for actively involved views in the view hierarchy each have (1024) a respective plurality of event definitions, and a respective event definition of the respective plurality of event definitions is selected for a respective event recognizer in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device and a determination (by the electronic device) that the respective event definition does not correspond to any event definition selected for any event recognizer with two or more event definitions other than the respective event recognizer.
For example, actively involved views may have a first gesture recognizer and a second gesture recognizer. In this example, the first gesture recognizer has: a first event definition corresponding to a three-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for a normal operating mode and a second event definition corresponding to a four-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for an accessibility operating mode. The second gesture recognizer has: a third event definition corresponding to a two-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for the normal operating mode and a fourth event definition corresponding to the four-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for the accessibility operating mode. When the internal state of the electronic device is set in a way such that the electronic device operates in the accessibility mode, the electronic device determines whether a four-finger left swipe gesture that satisfies the second event definition is selected for any other event recognizer with two or more event definitions (e.g., the second event gesture recognizer). If the four-finger left swipe gesture is not selected for any other event recognizer with two or more event definitions, the four-finger left swipe gesture is selected for the first gesture recognizer in the accessibility operating mode. As a result, the four-finger left swipe gesture is not selected for the second gesture recognizer, because the four-finger left swipe gesture is already selected for the first gesture recognizer. Instead, the two-finger left swipe gesture is selected for the second gesture recognizer, because the two-finger left swipe gesture is not selected for any other gesture recognizer with two or more event definitions including the first gesture recognizer. In another example, the actively involved views have the first gesture recognizer and a third gesture recognizer without the second gesture recognizer. The third gesture recognizer has the third event definition (corresponding to the two-finger left swipe gesture) that is typically used for the normal operating mode and a fifth event definition corresponding to a three-finger left swipe gesture that is typically used for the accessibility operating mode. In the accessibility operating mode, the three-finger left swipe gesture can be selected for the third gesture recognizer, because the three-finger left swipe gesture is not selected for any other gesture recognizer with two or more event definitions.
Although the examples above have been described with respect to multi-finger left swipe gestures, the methods described above apply to swipe gestures in any direction (e.g., a swipe-right gesture, swipe-up gesture, swipe-down gesture, and/or any diagonal swipe gesture) or gestures of any other kinds (e.g., tap gestures, pinch gestures, depinch gestures, etc.).
In some embodiments, processing the respective sub-event in accordance with the selected event definition includes (1026) displaying one or more views of a first software application distinct from the software that includes the view hierarchy (e.g., concurrently displaying at least a portion of user interface 712-6 including one or more views of the software and a portion of home screen 708,
In some embodiments, the at least one event recognizer processes (1028) the respective sub-event by replacing the display of the one or more views of the view hierarchy with display of one or more views of a first software application (e.g., home screen 708,
In some embodiments, the at least one event recognizer processes (1030) the respective sub-event by: displaying in a first predefined area of a display in the electronic device a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications; and concurrently displaying at least a subset of the one or more views of the view hierarchy (e.g., open application icons 5004 and at least a portion of user interface 712-6,
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1106 is configured to: execute at least a first software application and a second software application (e.g., with the executing unit 1108). The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The processing unit 1106 is configured to enable display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102). The processing unit 1106 is configured to, while displaying at least the subset of the one or more views of the second software application: detect a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102 (e.g., with the detecting unit 1112). The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. The processing unit 1106 is configured to, during a first phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs: deliver the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application (e.g., with the delivering unit 1114); identify from gesture recognizers in the first set one or more matching gesture recognizers that recognize the first portion of one or more touch inputs (e.g., with the identifying unit 1116); and process the first portion of one or more touch inputs with one or more gesture handlers corresponding to the one or more matching gesture recognizers (e.g., with the touch input processing unit 1118).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to detect the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the detecting unit 1112) while touch inputs in the first portion of one or more touch inputs at least partially overlap at least one of the displayed views of the second software application.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to enable display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application without displaying any view of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to enable display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application without displaying a view of any other application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to, during a second phase of detecting the sequence of touch inputs, subsequent to the first phase: deliver the second portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application without delivering the second portion of one or more touch inputs to the second software application (e.g., with the delivering unit 1114); identify from the one or more matching gesture recognizers a second matching gesture recognizer that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the identifying unit 1116); and process the sequence of touch inputs with a gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer (e.g., with the touch input processing unit 1118).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to process the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer by enabling display of one or more views of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to process the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer by replacing the display of the one or more views of the second software application with display of one or more views of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to: concurrently execute the first software application, the second software application, and a third software application (e.g., with the executing unit 1108); and process the sequence of touch inputs with the gesture handler corresponding to the respective matching gesture recognizer by replacing the one or more displayed views of the second software application with one or more views of the third software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1102).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1106 is configured to: enable display of, in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display unit 1102, a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110); and enable concurrent display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1110).
In some embodiments, the first software application is an application launcher.
In some embodiments, the first software application is an operating system application.
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1206 is configured to execute at least a first software application and a second software application (e.g., with the executing unit 1208). The first software application includes a first set of one or more gesture recognizers, and the second software application includes one or more views and a second set of one or more gesture recognizers. Respective gesture recognizers have corresponding gesture handlers. The processing unit 1206 is configured to enable display of a first set of one or more views (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210). The first set of one or more views include at least a subset of the one or more views of the second software application. The processing unit 1206 is configured to, while displaying the first set of the one or more views, detect a sequence of touch inputs on the touch-sensitive display unit (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212). The sequence of touch inputs includes a first portion of one or more touch inputs and a second portion of one or more touch inputs subsequent to the first portion. The processing unit 1206 is configured to determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs (e.g., with the determining unit 1214). The processing unit 1206 is configured to, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs: deliver the sequence of touch inputs to the first software application without delivering the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application (e.g., with the delivering unit 1216); determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the determining unit 1214). The processing unit 1206 is configured to, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the touch input processing unit 1218). The processing unit 1206 is configured to, in accordance with a determination that no gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs: deliver the sequence of touch inputs to the second software application (e.g., with the delivering unit 1216); and determine whether at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the determining unit 1214). The processing unit 1206 is configured to, in accordance with a determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the sequence of touch inputs, process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the second set of one or more gesture recognizers that recognizes the sequence of touch inputs (e.g., with the touch input processing unit 1218).
In some embodiments, the sequence of touch inputs at least partially overlaps at least one of the one or more displayed views of the second software application.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to enable display of the first set of one or more views without displaying any view of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1202).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to enable display of the first set of one or more views without displaying a view of any other software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1202).
In some embodiments, prior to the determination that at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers recognizes the first portion of one or more touch inputs, the processing unit 1206 is configured to concurrently deliver the first portion of one or more touch inputs to the first software application and the second software application (e.g., with the delivering unit 1216).
In some embodiments, the first software application is an application launcher.
In some embodiments, the first software application is an operating system application.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers by enabling displaying one or more views of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1208, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1202).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers by replacing the display of the first set of one or more views with display of one or more views of the first software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1208, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1202).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to concurrently execute the first software application, the second software application, and a third software application (e.g., with the executing unit 1208). The processing unit 1206 is configured to process the sequence of touch inputs with the at least one gesture recognizer in the first set of one or more gesture recognizers by replacing the first set of one or more views with one or more views of the third software application (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210, on the touch-sensitive display unit 1202).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1206 is configured to: enable display of in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display unit 1202 a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210); and concurrently display at least a subset of the first set of one or more views (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1210).
In accordance with some embodiments,
As shown in
The processing unit 1306 is configured to: execute software that includes a view hierarchy with a plurality of views (e.g., with the executing unit 1308); enable display of one or more views of the view hierarchy (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1310, on the display unit 1302); and execute one or more software elements (e.g., with the executing unit 1308). Each software element is associated with a particular view, and each particular view includes one or more event recognizers. Each event recognizer has: one or more event definitions based on one or more sub-events, and an event handler. The event handler specifies an action for a target, and is configured to send the action to the target in response to the event recognizer detecting an event corresponding to a particular event definition of the one or more event definitions. The processing unit 1306 is configured to: detect a sequence of one or more sub-events (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312); and identify one of the views of the view hierarchy as a hit view (e.g., with the identifying unit 1314). The hit view establishes which views in the view hierarchy are actively involved views. The processing unit 1306 is configured to deliver a respective sub-event to event recognizers for each actively involved view within the view hierarchy (e.g., with the delivering unit 1316). At least one event recognizer for actively involved views in the view hierarchy has a plurality of event definitions, one of which is selected in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device, and the at least one event recognizer processes the respective sub-event (e.g., with the event/sub-event processing unit 1318) prior to processing a next sub-event in the sequence of sub-events in accordance with the selected event definition.
In some embodiments, the plurality of event definitions includes a first event definition corresponding to a first swipe gesture with a first number of fingers and a second event definition corresponding to a second swipe gesture with a second number of fingers distinct from the first number of fingers.
In some embodiments, the internal state includes one or more settings for an accessibility operating mode.
In some embodiments, a respective definition of the plurality of event definitions is selected for a respective event recognizer in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device and a determination that the respective event definition does not correspond to an event definition of any event recognizer for the actively involved views other than the respective event recognizer.
In some embodiments, two or more event recognizers for actively involved views in the view hierarchy each have a respective plurality of event definitions, and a respective event definition of the respective plurality of event definitions is selected for a respective event recognizer in accordance with the internal state of the electronic device and a determination that the respective event definition does not correspond to any event definition selected for any event recognizer with two or more event definitions other than the respective event recognizer.
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1306 is configured to process the respective sub-event in accordance with the selected event definition by enabling display of one or more views of a first software application distinct from the software that includes the view hierarchy (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1310, on the display unit 1302).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1306 is configured to process the respective sub-event by replacing the display of the one or more views of the view hierarchy with display of one or more views of a first software application distinct from the software that includes the view hierarchy (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1310, on the display unit 1302).
In some embodiments, the processing unit 1306 is configured to process the respective sub-event by: enabling display of, in a first predefined area of the display unit 1302, a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of a plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1310); and enabling concurrently display of at least a subset of the one or more views of the view hierarchy (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1310).
In some embodiments, the software is an application launcher.
In some embodiments, the software is an operating system application.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/043,774, filed Oct. 1, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,927, filed Mar. 31, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,566,045, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/425,222, filed on Dec. 20, 2010, which was a continuation-in-part of: (A) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/566,660, filed Sep. 24, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,285,499, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/210,332, filed on Mar. 16, 2009; and (B) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,695, filed May 28, 2010, entitled “Gesture Recognizers with Delegates for Controlling and Modifying Gesture Recognition,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/298,531, filed Jan. 26, 2010, entitled “Gesture Recognizers with Delegates for Controlling and Modifying Gesture Recognition.” All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. This application relates to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,524, filed Mar. 31, 2011, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,244,606. This application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This application relates to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,925, filed Mar. 31, 2011, entitled “Event Recognition,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,566,044; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,931, filed Mar. 31, 2011, entitled “Event Recognition,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,311,112. Both of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61425222 | Dec 2010 | US | |
| 61210332 | Mar 2009 | US | |
| 61298531 | Jan 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14043774 | Oct 2013 | US |
| Child | 15339768 | US | |
| Parent | 13077927 | Mar 2011 | US |
| Child | 14043774 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12566660 | Sep 2009 | US |
| Child | 13077927 | US | |
| Parent | 12789695 | May 2010 | US |
| Child | 13077927 | US |
