The field of this invention is excavator buckets, and more specifically top assemblies or hinge assemblies for excavator buckets.
Excavators, such as the one illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,865,464, can be used in a wide variety of applications: in the construction industry to prepare building sites, in mining to load ore-laden material into trucks or onto conveyors, in road building to make cuts through hillsides for new road beds, in pipe laying and utility work to dig trenches. In all of these operations, excavators employ buckets to penetrate into material in the ground or in a pile, to scoop the material, and then to dump it. The bucket is the implement at the center of performing these tasks.
Excavator buckets are subjected to extreme loads and wear. An excavator bucket on a large excavator could be used to penetrate into extremely hard and dense material such as loosely shot or fractured granite. For this kind of duty, an excavator bucket requires high performance steels and a specialized construction to withstand both the high shock loads, and the extreme abrasive wear. Besides withstanding these maximum load cases and the abrasive environment, an excavator bucket must also be strong enough to endure many thousands, or in some cases, millions of cycles. (A cycle is each repetition of penetrating into the material, scooping, and dumping.) So an excavator bucket also requires resistance to fatigue wear and failure.
If an excavator bucket fails, replacement of the bucket can amount to a great expense in parts and labor. In addition, replacing a bucket will cause the excavator to sit idle and its productivity to decline, resulting in further costs. Besides idling the excavator, a bucket failure can also idle other machines in an integrated operation, such as haul trucks and crushers, further increasing the losses. Thus, a reliable excavator bucket that lasts through many cycles without breaking can be an important requirement for owners of excavator machines.
An excavator bucket can be expensive and difficult to manufacture because of its size and weight and other factors. Excavator buckets are typically constructed as weldments of more than a dozen pieces of plate steel. A bucket for a large, 60 metric ton excavator, for example, can be about 2 meters tall and 2 meters wide, weighing about 5 metric tons. Manipulating these large and heavy pieces of plate steel to align them to one another, and then correctly performing the welds can be a difficult and expensive task. A bucket design which requires a large number of pieces and multiple welds can add to the costs.
Thus, there are many demands affecting the design of an excavator bucket. The design must result in a bucket which exhibits the appropriate performance characteristics of resistance to high loads, abrasion, and fatigue, and which can also be manufactured in an economical manner. To produce a competitive bucket design, a designer must identify design features and techniques to satisfy and balance all of these demands.
This invention relates to an improved design of a top assembly for an excavator bucket, which satisfies performance and manufacturability demands on the design, resulting in a bucket that is both resistant to failure, and economical to manufacture.
Joining the heel section 30 and the side sections 40, 50 is the top assembly (sometimes called hinge assembly) 100. The top assembly includes a top plate 110, a bottom plate 120, and a pair of hinge plates 130, 140.
The hinge plate 130 includes two bores 131 and 132. Likewise, hinge plate 140 includes two bores 141 and 142. Bores 131 and 141 are axially aligned and will support a stick pin that passes through the stick of the excavator. Bores 132 and 142 are axially aligned and will support a linkage pin that passes through the power link of the excavator which causes the bucket's curling motion about the stick pin. Thus, the hinge plates 130, 140 form two sets of two axially aligned bores (131 and 141 form a first set of two axially aligned bores, and 132 and 142 form a second set of two axially aligned bores).
Elements of the top assembly 100 cooperate to form a torque tube 150. Torque tube 150 is designed to transfer torque from its middle section to its ends. The torque tube 150 functions to transfer “curling” torque about the center of the stick pin created by the power link and linkage pin, to the side sections 40, 50 and the rest of the bucket 10. When the bucket base edge 21 penetrates into material, the force propelling the base edge is transferred to the base edge in part by this torsional force created about the stick pin by the power link. In addition to torque, a variety of other load paths exist through the torque tube 150. The torque tube 150 must be capable of transferring all of these large sustained and shock loads and torques. The torque tube is formed in part through joining the top plate 110, bottom plate 120, and hinge plates 130, 140 to form a rigid, tube-like structure.
The top plate 110 defines a top surface 111, a bottom surface 112, a front edge 113, and a rear edge 114. The bottom plate 120 defines a top surface 121, a bottom surface 122, a front edge 123, and a rear edge 124. The bottom surface 112 and the top surface 121 are part of the inside surfaces of the generally enclosed torque tube 150. The top surface 111 and the bottom surface 122 are part of the outside surfaces of the torque tube 150.
The bottom plate 120 is formed from flat steel plate stock. For ease of manufacturing, the bottom plate 120 may not include any bends, nor any relatively complex cuts or shapes formed in it.
The top plate 110 is also formed from flat steel plate stock. The top plate 110 may include two bends, with a first bend having an included angle of approximately 105-125°, and more specifically approximately 115°, and a second bend having an included angle of approximately 100-120°, and more specifically approximately 110°. Each bend is approximately parallel to the front edge 113 of the top plate 110. Each of the included angles faces toward the bottom plate 120 when assembled to help form the enclosed, tube-like structure of torque tube 150. The outside surface profile of torque tube 150 created by these bends in top plate 110 helps the torque tube to be effectively positioned relative to certain existing, traditional quick couplers which may be used to attach bucket 10 to an excavator. The top plate 110 may easily be formed by first cutting its shape from plate stock, and then by creating the bends in a brake press or other type of press. Although the top plate may include two bends, it is still relatively easy to manufacture because it does not require any complex shapes or machining.
The assembly of top assembly 100 can begin by attaching hinge plates 130, 140 to bottom plate 120 so that the hinge plates are parallel to one another and normal to the bottom plate. Each of the hinge plates includes a flat bottom edge 133, 143 which butts against and is welded to the top surface 121 of bottom plate 120. One of these weld joints is illustrated in
Optional rib or ribs 160 may be included between hinge plates 130, 140 and bottom plate 120. The rib 160 may reinforce the connection between the hinge plates 130, 140 and the bottom plate 120, add stiffness to the torque tube 150, as well as aid in maintaining alignment during welding and assembly. Both the hinge plates 130, 140 and the rib 160 may include a slot cut in each—a portion of the rib fitting into the slot in each hinge plate, and vise versa—forming an interlocking halved joint therebetween. The rib 160 may be welded to the hinge plates 130, 140 and to the bottom plate 120 around the same time as welding between the hinge plates and the bottom plate.
Hinge plates 130, 140 may pass through and divide the top plate 110. This allows hinge plates 130, 140 to be welded to the bottom plate 120 as well as the top plate 110, forming a stronger and stiffer torque tube 150. Some prior art designs do not have hinge plates which are welded to both a top plate and a bottom plate, having instead hinge plates which are only welded to a top plate, which results in a weaker torque tube. Hinge plates 130, 140 may divide the top plate 110 into three separate segments 110a, 110b, and 110c. Segments 110a and 110c are outboard of the hinge plates, meaning they are between one of the hinge plates and one of the sides of the bucket 10. Segment 110b is inboard of the hinge plates, or between the two hinge plates in the middle of the bucket 10. The hinge plates 120, 130 and segments 110a, 110b, and 110c are welded at a weld joint formed at their intersection and along the top surface 111. One of these weld joints is illustrated in
Top plate 110 and bottom plate 120 are joined to each other along a first and a second weld joint. A first weld joint may be formed at the intersection of the rear edge 114 of top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120, along the top surface 121. This weld joint is illustrated in
A second weld joint may be formed at the intersection of the front edge 123 with the top plate 110, along the bottom surface 112. This weld joint is illustrated in
The foregoing construction of the top assembly 100 permits it to be completely assembled as an independent module before attaching to the remaining components of the bucket. Constructing the top assembly 100 as an independent module can present several advantages. The many welds in the top assembly 100 can all be performed before attaching the remaining components of bucket 10. The top assembly 100 is smaller and lighter than the entire bucket 10 so the top assembly is easier to move around and position, making these welds simpler to perform.
Bores 131, 132, 141, and 142 formed in hinge plates 130, 140, typically require tight tolerances. Traditionally, these bores are formed through machining after the hinge plates have been fixed to the bucket. Because hinge plates 130, 140 are completely assembled into the top assembly 100, these bores 131, 132, 141, and 142 can be machined after top assembly 100 is assembled, but before top assembly 100 is joined to the rest of the bucket. Positioning top assembly 100 on a boring machine for making these bores can be a much simpler task than positioning the entire bucket 10 on a boring machine, and a smaller boring machine may be used.
For manufacturing workflow, the top assembly 100 can be completed and then wait for the remaining components to be gathered together for assembly into the final bucket 10. The top assembly 100 can even be designed to work as a top assembly for more than one size and/or type of bucket. So a single top assembly 100 can be constructed and then fit to different remaining components to form a variety of buckets.
After the top assembly 100 is assembled, it can be attached to the heel section 30 and side sections 40, 50. The wrapper 31 is welded to the bottom plate 120. The side bars 42, 52 include ears 44, 54, which overlap the ends of the torque tube 150. The ends of torque tube 150 are welded to these ears 44, 54. A fully assembled bucket 10 is illustrated in
The foregoing excavator bucket top assembly may be used in the construction of excavator buckets for use in many industries including construction and mining.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/021,736 filed Jan. 17, 2008.
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