1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to an underwater breathing device and, in particular, to an exhalation valve for use in an underwater breathing device that is configured to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user.
2. Description of Related Art
An underwater breathing device enables a user to continue breathing even after the user's mouth and/or nose is submerged in water. Some underwater breathing devices, such as scuba and snuba breathing devices, are configured to provide a submerged user with air from a compressed-air container. Other underwater breathing devices, such as a conventional snorkel, are configured to provide a user with air from the atmosphere.
A conventional snorkel generally includes a breathing conduit through which air can be inhaled from the atmosphere. The breathing conduit is typically configured with two ends. One end of the snorkel is intended to remain above the surface of the water. The other end of the snorkel is intended to be submerged under the surface of the water. The end of the inhalation conduit that is intended to be submerged generally includes a mouth piece. In practice the user inserts a portion of the mouthpiece into his mouth and thereby creates a seal between the user's airway and the breathing conduit. The user then submerges his mouth and the mouthpiece under water while maintaining the other end of the breathing conduit above the surface of the water, thereby enabling the user to inhale atmospheric air while submerged in water. At the same time, the breathing conduit enables the user to exhale through the user's mouth without breaking the seal between the user's mouth and the mouth piece. Generally, the air exhaled by a user exits the snorkel through the same breathing conduit through which the user inhales atmospheric air.
One problem that a user can encounter while using a conventional snorkel is increased fatigue due to the compressive forces of the ambient water in which the user is submerged. During normal inhalation and exhalation, a user expends effort inflating and deflating his lungs. When a user is submerged in water, however, the compressive forces of the ambient water around the user's lungs force the user to expend more effort than usual in order to inflate his lungs and tend to cause the user to expend less effort than usual to deflate his lungs. This reduced-effort exhalation tends to cause a user to exhale faster that normal such that there is less time between each increased effort-inhalation, resulting in more frequent inhalation. More frequent inhalation can cause the user to fatigue more quickly than during normal inhalation and exhalation, which can result in difficulty breathing due to a smaller functional lung capacity and the possibility of atelectasis, which is a failure of the lungs to expand completely.
Another problem that a user can encounter while using a conventional snorkel is difficulty breathing due to water being present in the breathing conduit of the snorkel. Water can sometimes enter a conventional snorkel through one or both ends of the breathing conduit. This water can cause difficulty breathing when it accumulates to the point where the water interferes with the passage of air in the breathing conduit and/or the water is inhaled by the user. In addition, the presence of water in the breathing conduit of the snorkel can cause a distracting gurgling or bubbling noise as air passes by the water during inhalation and/or exhalation.
A need therefore exists for an underwater breathing device that eliminates or reduces some or all of the above-described problems.
One aspect is an exhalation valve that may be used in an underwater breathing device. The exhalation valve is potentially configured to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user of the underwater breathing device in order to reduce the overall work of underwater breathing. The exhalation valve may include a plate defining at least one chamber port and an exhalation port. The at least one chamber port may be positioned opposite the exhalation port. The exhalation valve may also include a flexible membrane that is sealable against a surface of the plate and is sized and positioned to be capable of sealing the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may be configured to have a sealed position in which the flexible membrane seals the exhalation port such that substantially no air can flow between the at least one chamber port and the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may also be configured to have an unsealed position in which the flexible membrane does not seal the exhalation port such that air can flow between the at least one chamber port and the exhalation port.
Another aspect is an exhalation valve that may include a plate that is substantially rigid and substantially disk-shaped. In addition, the exhalation port of the plate of the exhalation valve may be either oval-shaped or teardrop-shaped. Further, the flexible membrane of the exhalation valve may include a hinged region positioned so as to divide the exhalation port into two sides such that, when the flexible membrane bends along the hinged region, one side can become unsealed while the other side remains sealed. Moreover, the plate and/or the flexible membrane of the exhalation valve may have a nub formed thereon that is positioned between the plate and the flexible membrane.
Yet another aspect is an underwater breathing device that may be configured to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user of the underwater breathing device. The production of positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user of the underwater breathing device may reduce the overall work of underwater breathing. The underwater breathing device may include a chamber and a valve. The chamber may include first and second openings. The chamber may be configured such that when air is being exhaled through the first opening into the chamber in a manner that restricts air from simultaneously escaping through the first opening, there is no unrestricted passageway out of the chamber through which air can exit the underwater breathing device and, as a result, the exhaled air creates an exhalation pressure within the chamber. The valve may restrict airflow between the chamber and the second opening. The valve may include a plate and a flexible membrane. The plate may define the at least one chamber port and the exhalation port. The at least one chamber port may be positioned opposite the exhalation port. The second opening may include the at least one chamber port and the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may be sealable against a surface of the plate and may be sized and positioned to be capable of sealing the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may be configured such that an opening force, comprising any exhalation pressure within the chamber, biases the valve in a first direction and a closing force biases the valve in a second direction, the first direction being substantially opposite the second direction. The flexible membrane may have a closed position in which the flexible membrane seals the exhalation port such that substantially no air is released from the chamber through the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may be disposed in the closed position when the opening force is less than or equal to the closing force. The flexible membrane may also have an open position in which the flexible membrane does not seal the exhalation port such that air is released from the chamber through the exhalation port. The flexible membrane may be disposed in the open position when the opening force exceeds the closing force.
A further aspect is that an underwater breathing device may include a mouthpiece connected to the first opening. In addition, an underwater breathing device may include an exhalation conduit connected to the exhalation port. Further, an underwater breathing device may include an exhalation conduit divided by a septum which creates a first conduit and a second conduit. The second conduit is sized and positioned such that, when the underwater breathing device is in use, any water that enters the exhalation conduit tends to collect in the second conduit. Furthermore, the flexible membrane further may include a hinged region aligned with the septum such that, when the flexible membrane bends along the hinged region, the first conduit can become unsealed while the second conduit remains sealed. Moreover, the opening force required to bend the flexible membrane at the hinged region of the flexible membrane and thereby only unseal the first conduit is less than the opening force required to bend the flexible membrane such that both the first and the second conduits are unsealed. In addition, the closing force may include ambient water pressure when at least a portion of the underwater breathing device is submerged in water. Further, the opening force further may include a force created by a tension of an elastic string attached to the flexible membrane which biases the flexible membrane in substantially the first direction. Moreover, the tension of the elastic string, and the resulting opening force, may be manually adjustable.
Yet another aspect is an underwater breathing device configured to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user of the underwater breathing device. The positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of the user may reduce the overall work of underwater breathing. The underwater breathing device may include a chamber and a valve. The chamber may include first and second openings. The chamber is preferably configured such that when air is being exhaled through the first opening into the chamber in a manner that restricts air from simultaneously escaping through the first opening, there is no unrestricted passageway out of the chamber through which air can exit the underwater breathing device and, as a result, the exhaled air creates an exhalation pressure within the chamber. The valve may function to restrict airflow between the chamber and the second opening. The valve may be configured such that any exhalation pressure within the chamber biases the valve in a first direction and a counter pressure biases the valve in a second direction. The first direction may be substantially opposite the second direction. The valve may have a closed position in which substantially no air is released from the chamber through the second opening. The valve can be disposed in the closed position when any exhalation pressure within the chamber is less than or equal to the counter pressure. The valve may also have an open position in which at least some air is released from the chamber through the second opening. The valve can be disposed in the open position when any exhalation pressure within the chamber exceeds the counter pressure.
Still another aspect is an underwater breathing device that includes a mouthpiece connected to the first opening. In addition, an underwater breathing device may include an exhalation conduit connected to the second opening. Also, the counter pressure may include ambient water pressure when at least a portion of the underwater breathing device is submerged in water. Further, the counter pressure may also include one or more springs. Moreover, an underwater breathing device may also include a chamber with a third opening and where the valve further restricts airflow between the chamber and the third opening. The valve can further include a purge position in which at least some air is released from the chamber through the second opening and the third opening. The valve may be disposed in the purge position when any exhalation pressure within the chamber is distinctly greater than the counter pressure.
These and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.
The appended drawings contain figures of preferred embodiments to further clarify the above and other aspects, advantages and features of the present invention. It will be appreciated that these drawings depict only preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
This invention is generally directed towards an exhalation valve for use in an underwater breathing device. The exhalation valve that is configured to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user of the underwater breathing device. The principles of the present invention, however, are not limited to underwater breathing devices. It will be understood that, in light of the present disclosure, the structures disclosed herein can be successfully used in connection with any device that is intended to produce positive end-expiratory pressure in the airway of a user.
Additionally, to assist in the description of the exhalation valve, words such as top, bottom, front, rear, right, left and side are used to describe the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale. It will be appreciated, however, that the present invention can be located in a variety of desired positions within an underwater breathing device or other device—including various angles, sideways and even upside down. A detailed description of the exhalation valve for use in an underwater breathing device now follows.
As discussed below and shown in the accompanying figures, the exhalation valve may be used in connection with an underwater breathing device such as a scuba or snuba regulator, or a snorkel. For example, the exhalation valve may function in connection with an inhalation valve of a snorkel, or the exhalation valve may be combined with the inhalation valve. The exhalation valve may be placed at the top or the bottom of the breathing conduit of a snorkel, whether the snorkel includes only a single breathing conduit, or includes both an inhalation conduit and an exhalation conduit. The exhalation valve is generally configured to open when the user of the snorkel exhales to allow the exhaled air to exit the snorkel. The exhalation valve is also generally configured to close when the user of the snorkel is not exhaling, as during inhalation or between breaths. Where the snorkel includes both an inhalation and an exhalation conduit, the closed exhalation valve may prevent exhaled air from the exhalation conduit from passing back into the inhalation tube, thereby channeling the exhaled air through the proper exhalation tube.
Turning now to
The snorkel 1 includes several major structural elements including an inhalation cap 7, a main tube 13, a connecting tube 19, a mouthpiece 54, a junction 22 which houses a chamber 23, an exhalation conduit 48, and a purge reservoir 27. At the lower end of the snorkel 1 is the purge cap 50. Near the upper end of the main tube 13 is the exhalation conduit exit port 16 where the exhaled air normally exits the snorkel 1.
In greater detail,
The junction 22 houses a small volume chamber 23, which receives inhaled air from the central channel 20 of the connecting tube 19 (shown in
The junction 22 also houses the functional exhalation valve and purge valve. In the preferred embodiment, these two valves share three structural elements which, taken together, are simply referred to as the combined sealing assembly 6. The structures of this assembly are depicted for the preferred embodiment in
The exhalation tube lower mount 44 is statically attached, via its spoke and rim-like supporting structure 46, to the junction 22 at the junction's snap mount for exhalation tube lower mount 44 (which is shown in
The combined sealing member 30, which is a one-part structure, provides the exhalation valve sealing member 31 and the purge valve sealing member 32. In the preferred embodiment, the exhalation valve sealing member 31 is dome-shaped in order to very gradually open exit flow and reduce vibration as exhaled air escapes across the exhalation valve when just minimally open. Other shapes that could similarly result in dampening include teardrop or cone. The contiguous purge valve sealing member 32 notably has dampening ribs 33 that project out radially in various lengths from the underside of the purge valve sealing member 32 and serves to reduce or eliminate the buzz that would otherwise occur while purging. The combined sealing member 30 also has an attachment groove 34 around its midsection that provides secure attachment to the rigid support disk 36. The hollow region 35 allows the combined sealing member 30 to be compressed for assembly purposes, and provides a recess mount for an optional spring 68 (
The rigid support disk 36 provides several functions: It supports the combined sealing member 30 that allows the exhalation valve sealing member 31 to form a stable seal with the sealing ring 47 (shown in
The convoluted membrane 40 is a flexible, annular structure that has transverse sectional convolutions to allow axial travel of the rigid support disk 36 and the combined sealing member 30. This functionally allows the exhalation valve sealing member 31 to appropriately open and close its seal against the sealing ring 47 (shown in
As disclosed in
The exemplary snorkel 100 also includes a valve plate 120 and a flexible membrane 120, which together form an exhalation valve. The valve plate 120 includes an exhalation port 132. As discussed above, the valve plate 120 may be substantially rigid and substantially disk-shaped. The valve plate 120 also includes two chamber ports 134, as illustrated in
As shown in
The chamber ports 134 are positioned opposite the exhalation port 132. In this context and in the claims, the phrase “the at least one chamber port being positioned opposite the exhalation port” is defined as the exhalation port being positioned on substantially one side of the valve plate 120, and the at least one chamber port being positioned on substantially the other side of the valve plate 120. Continuing with this definition, although this definition includes a situation, such as shown in
Also disclosed in
When the snorkel 100 is submerged in water, the ambient water pressure of the water surrounding the snorkel 100 pushes the flexible membrane 130 against the valve plate 120, thus sealing the exhalation port 132. When a user exhales into the chamber 106, the exhalation pressure that builds up inside the chamber 106 creates an opening force 140 which acts on the flexible membrane 130 through the chamber ports 134 of the valve plate 120. This opening force 140 biases the flexible membrane 130 in a first direction. At the same time, the ambient water pressure of the water surrounding the submerged snorkel 100 acts as a closing force 150 which biases the flexible membrane 130 in a second direction. The first direction of the opening force 140 is substantially opposite the second direction of the closing force 150.
As disclosed in
As disclosed in
As disclosed in
The exemplary snorkel 200 also includes a valve plate 160 and a flexible membrane 180, which together form an exhalation valve. The valve plate 160 includes an exhalation port that is divided into an overlying exhalation port 170 and an underlying exhalation port 172. The valve plate also includes three chamber ports 166, as illustrated in
When the snorkel 200 is submerged in water, the ambient water pressure of the water surrounding the snorkel 200 pushes the flexible membrane 180 against the valve plate 120, thus sealing the overlying exhalation port 170 and the underlying exhalation port 172. When a user exhales into the chamber 106, the exhalation pressure that builds up inside the chamber 106 creates an opening force 140 which acts on the flexible membrane 180 through the chamber ports 166 of the valve plate 160. This opening force 140 biases the flexible membrane 180 in a first direction. At the same time, the ambient water pressure of the water surrounding the submerged snorkel 200 acts as a closing force 150 which biases the flexible membrane 180 in a second direction. The first direction of the opening force 140 is substantially opposite the second direction of the closing force 150.
As disclosed in
The flexible membrane 180 includes a hinged region 182. The hinged region 182 can be integrally formed in the flexible membrane 180 by making the hinged region 182 thinner than the surrounding regions of the flexible membrane 180. When assembled into snorkel 200, the hinged region 182 aligns with the septum 168 such that, when the flexible membrane 180 bends along the hinged region 182, as disclosed in
This difference in the lesser opening force required to unseal the overlying exhalation port 170 and the greater opening force required to unseal the underlying exhalation port 172 allows a user of the snorkel 200 to exhale normally through the overlying exhalation port 170 without unsealing the underlying exhalation port 172. Since any water that enters the exhalation conduit 128 tends to collect in the underlying conduit 176, this aspect of the exhalation valve of the snorkel 200 allows a user to exhale with minimal liquid in the path of the exhaled air leaving the snorkel. This aspect of the exhalation valve also allows a user to periodically and intentionally exhale more forcefully than normal in order to cause the opening force 140 to be great enough to unseal both the overlying exhalation port 170 as well as the underlying exhalation port 172. When this occurs, any fluid trapped in the underlying conduit 176 will be forced up the exhalation conduit 128 and out of the snorkel 200 by the forcefully exhaled air, thereby clearing the exhalation conduit 128 of unwanted fluid.
As disclosed both in
As disclosed in
As disclosed in
As the knob 302 is turned one direction, the elastic string 306 winds around the barrel 304, thus creating tension of the elastic string 306. Since the elastic string 306 is attached to the flexible membrane 308, the tension of the elastic string 306 biases the flexible membrane 308 in substantially the same direction as the exhalation pressure within the snorkel 300, and thus contributes to the opening force 140 acting on the flexible membrane 308. Thus, as the tension on the elastic string 306 increases, the exhalation pressure that is required to unseal the flexible membrane 308 decreases. Conversely, as the knob 302 is turned in the opposite direction, the elastic string 306 unwinds from around the barrel 304, thus decreasing the tension of the elastic string 306 and the resulting force 140 acting on the flexible membrane 308. Thus, the snorkel 300 includes the knob 302 that allows a user to manually adjust the tension of the flexible membrane 308.
Although this invention has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of this invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is intended to be defined only by the claims which follow.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/453,462, entitled “Underwater Breathing Devices And Methods,” filed on Jun. 3, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,793,656 which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/385,327, filed Jun. 3, 2002. This application also claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/683,477, entitled “Valves, Baffles, Shortened Snorkels, Stealth Snorkels, Snorkel Equipment Combined with Scuba Equipment,” which was filed on May 21, 2005. This application also claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/728,193, entitled “Snorkel Valve,” which was filed on Oct. 19, 2005. Each of these applications is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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