Exhaust treatment devices in trucks require maintenance procedures that can create situations where exhaust temperatures are much higher than during normal use of the vehicle. For example, diesel particulate filters, which trap soot and other particulate matter in the exhaust stream, require a regeneration process to burn off the collected matter. The process requires that the temperature of the exhaust entering the diesel particulate filter be in excess of 600° C. Normal operating exhaust temperature is about 425° C. for a diesel engine in a truck.
Exhausting the higher temperature stream to atmosphere poses difficulties. A truck typically has an exhaust stack pipe rising from the chassis adjacent to the truck cab. High temperature exhaust can produce a hot spot on the truck cab or trailer, or direct hot gases to a building (such as at a loading dock) or an overhanging tree.
What is needed is a device to reduce the exhaust temperature of an engine during regeneration procedure. Preferably, the device would not drastically affect the exhaust backpressure.
According to the invention, a device is mounted on an exhaust outlet pipe of a diesel particulate filter or an exhaust stack pipe and includes a pipe having a diameter greater than the diameter of the exhaust conduit to avoid backpressure in the gas flow. The device includes at an inlet end a diluter to create a venturi effect to draw ambient air into the exhaust gas flow to dilute the exhaust gas. A perforated pipe section serves as a diffuser to exhaust the diluted exhaust gas to atmosphere. The diluter/diffuser is mounted downstream of the DPF and catalyst in the exhaust system to handle high temperature exhaust gases.
The diffuser device is mounted on the stack pipe and includes a diluter body that flares outward and extends over the DPF exhaust conduit or stack pipe. The flared body defines an annular cone space for an inlet to the device, which draws in ambient air to mix with the exhaust gases in a mixing section. Downstream of the mixing section is a diffuser section, which is preferably a section of perforated pipe. The exhaust gases are dissipated to the atmosphere through the perforated outlet pipe. The axial end of the outlet pipe is closed, which forces all exhaust gas to exit through the perforations. The total open area of the perforations is greater than the open area at the axial end of a standard five inch exhaust pipe, which also helps eliminate added back pressure. Preferably, the perforations in the pipe provide an exhaust area approximately 2.5 times the cross sectional area of a five inch exhaust pipe, which helps dissipate and diffuse the exhaust gases to atmosphere.
Analysis indicates that the ambient air drawn in by the diffuser will reduce gas temperature approximately 100 deg. C. at the outlet surface of the exhaust pipe.
Analysis has predicted that at 6″ from the pipe surface, the exhausted gas will be at a lower temperature during regeneration than exhaust gases at 6″ from a conventional exhaust pipe during normal operation of a truck not having a diffuser of the invention.
According to another aspect of the invention, the hole pattern of the diffuser part can be a uniform pattern of holes, that is, holes of equal size spaced uniformly over the diffuser wall.
Alternatively, the hole pattern can be non-uniformly formed, with a greater density of open area at the upstream end of the diffuser and a lesser density of open area at the downstream end. Such an arrangement helps generate a uniform flow exiting the diffuser along the length of the diffuser. According to one embodiment, holes of larger diameter are positioned at the upstream end and holes of smaller diameter positioned at the downstream end. The holes may be sized to decrease by a factor, according to one embodiment, ½ the open area, for each step change. Conveniently, several rows of holes of each size may be provided.
Another alternative for an non-uniform hole pattern is a pattern of same sized holes arranged for a greater open area at the upstream end and a lower open area at the downstream end. This may be achieved by spacing rows of the holes closer adjacent the mixer section and farther apart at the cap end. According to one embodiment, the holes are arranged in rows that are spaced at 1 hole diameter between the first two rows, 1.5 hole diameters between the second and third rows, 2 hole diameters between the third and forth rows, and so on.
To protect the cab from hot exhaust gas, the hole pattern of the diffuser may be positioned on a radially outwardly facing surface of the diffuser pipe section less than the full 360 degree surface. The hole pattern may be on a 180 degree radially outward portion or a 90 degree portion as advantageous to protecting the cab while providing sufficient open area for exhaust.
Another embodiment of the invention includes a perforated diffuser section having a perforated heat shield disposed about the diffuser section. The heat shield or secondary diffuser may be in the form of a cylindrical body being open at the bottom, upstream end, and having a cap at the downstream end. The cylindrical body is disposed over the diffuser section so that ends of the cylindrical body are closed or sealed, forcing exhaust to exit through the perforations. Hole patterns for the heat shield may be uniform or non-uniform. The heat shield is spaced from the diffuser a sufficient distance so that the temperature at the heat shield is not likely to ignite substances that may contact the shield.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the diffuser section may extend horizontally and laterally across and above the back of the cab. According to another embodiment for a vocation truck, the diffuser section extends horizontally and longitudinally along a frame of the truck. The apparatus includes an extension pipe positioned that connects the inlet of the apparatus with the diffuser section.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description read in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
The invention relates to devices that are mounted on the end of a truck exhaust system at the point where exhaust gas is released to the surrounding air. In particular, the invention is an apparatus mounted on an exhaust downstream of a diesel particulate filter to diffuse the hot gases over a wide area. According to another aspect of the invention, structure is provided to dilute exhaust gases with ambient air and diffuse the diluted exhaust gas over a wider area than a typical exhaust stack pipe to prevent hot spots and dissipate heat more quickly.
Exhaust gas flowing from the stack pipe 5 and ambient air drawn in by the venturi element 12 mix in the mixing zone 14 of the outlet pipe 20. The mixed exhaust and air flow to the outlet zone part 24, and are exhausted through the outlet holes 26. The outlet holes 26 define a cumulative open area much larger than the outlet of a standard five inch exhaust stack pipe (about 15.7 square inches), which diffuses the mixed exhaust gases over a broader area. Preferably, the outlet holes 26 present a cumulative area at least about 2.5 times the pipe outlet cross section or at least about 39 square inches for a 5 inch pipe. This leads to improved heat dissipation and the avoidance of hot spots. The holes may be positioned on an angular section of the diffuser section outwardly facing relative to the truck cab so as not to exhaust hot gas directly on the cab or truck body. The angular section may be determined as required by the architecture of the truck body and cab, and may be 180 degrees, for example.
The outlet holes 26 are shown in
As illustrated in
Illustrated in
In general, smaller holes closely spaced will disperse exhaust gas to a larger ambient volume than will larger holes or less closely spaced holes. Those skilled in the art will understand that the particular hole arrangement must take into consideration the structural integrity of the diffuser and the ability to manufacture a diffuser tube with a desired hole arrangement.
According to another aspect of the invention, a secondary diffuser is provided over the diffuser section 24 to serve as a heat shield. As shown in section view in
The truck 60 in
Another mounting arrangement is shown in
The invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments and structure; however those skilled in the art will understand that substitutions and variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/842,842, filed Sep. 7, 2006. The invention relates to devices mounted on truck exhaust systems to dilute and diffuse the exhaust gas as it is released from the truck
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/US06/48956 | 12/21/2006 | WO | 00 | 9/23/2009 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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60842842 | Sep 2006 | US |