Patent Grant
7026729
The present invention relates generally to exhaust fans and more particularly to a system which activates the exhaust fan when a light is turned on but causes the exhaust fan to continue to operate after the light is extinguished for a period of time, which time may be varied as desired by the user. The system is particularly adapted for utilization in bathrooms but may also be used for other applications where an exhaust fan is to be operated subsequent to the time individual has left the area which the exhaust fan is intended to clear.
For many years, electrically operated fans have been used to ventilate undesirable gases and odors from living quarters of various kinds such as homes, recreational vehicles and residences of various other types. Such fans are particularly useful for rooms such as bathrooms, kitchens, attics, and basements and are used to vent gases and odors to the outside air.
Many different types of venting systems are known such as window mounted fans, door frame mounted fans, roof mounted fans and the like. It is also known that it may be desirable to delay the inactivation of the fan for a period of time after a switch has been turned off. Many types of time delay circuits are available providing for automatic control of the circuit so that lights or fans are turned on or off after a preselected time interval.
Despite the many ventilating systems and time delay switches which are available in the prior art, there is a need for a simple effective timeout exhaust fan system which includes a variable time delay capable of being set by the user and which preferably may be configured for direct replacement of conventional wall mounted switches.
According to the present invention, there is provided a system for activating a load such as an exhaust fan concurrently with the activation of a lamp switch and for continuing the operation of the load for a predetermined grace period time after the deactivation of the lamp switch. The system includes a monitor for detecting when the lamp switch is activated and for providing an output signal at a first level which is representative thereof. A timer is provided which is deactivated during the time said monitor output signal is at its first level but functions when said lamp switch is deactivated and after a preset but variable time provides a signal for deactivating the load.
According to a more specific aspect of the present invention, the timer includes a pulse generator and a counter with the counter receiving the output signal of the pulse generator. The pulse generator is activated upon receipt of the monitor output signal at the first level indicating activation of the lamp switch but the counter is disabled during that time. The counter is enabled when the lamp switch is deactivated and the monitor output signal level changes responsive thereto causing the counter to count the output of the pulse generator for a predetermined count. The time to reach that count can be varied as desired. Upon the counter reaching the predetermined count it generates an output signal for deactivating the exhaust fan.
The present invention is adapted specifically for use within an enclosed area such as a bathroom in which it is desired to control the operation of an exhaust fan where the existing lighting means and the exhaust fan are both designed to operate simultaneously from the same power source. Under these circumstances, it is most desirable that the exhaust fan begin operation when the switch controlling the lighting means is turned on. In accordance with the present invention, the exhaust fan is to continue operation for a user determined time interval after the switch controlling the lighting means is turned off. The system of the present invention is adapted for being packaged in such a manner that it can be readily inserted to replace standard switches presently in use in such enclosed areas and provides the ability for the user to control the amount of time that the exhaust fan continues to operate after the light switch is turned off. Preferably, the system of the present invention is constructed of solid state devices which can be operated at relatively low voltages and will consume a minimal amount of power while effecting the desired operation and control of the exhaust fan.
Referring now more particularly, to
When the lamp switch is turned off to deactivate the lamp source, it is desired that the load 12 continue to function for a predetermined period of time. The amount of time during which the load will continue to operate is ascertained by the timer 18. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the timer 18 includes a counter 30 which is coupled to a pulse generator 32 by the lead 34 to receive the output signal which is nominally a plurality of pulses from the pulse generator to be counted by the counter. Upon the counter, receiving a predetermined count in a time interval determined by the user, a signal is provided from the counter over the lead 20 to deactivate the switching means 10 and open the circuit providing the power to the load 12. However, during the time that the lamp switch is on, it is important to note that it is undesirable for the output of the timer to generate a signal to turn the switching means off. As a result, the counter 30 is deactivated or rendered inoperable during the period of time that the lamp switch is on. This is accomplished by having the lamp switch monitoring means 16 generate a signal at the output 36 thereof which is applied to the reset terminal 38 of the counter 30. At the same time, the output signal from the counter is applied as an input signal to the input terminal 40 of the pulse generator 32. Because the counter is being reset, its output is in a state that causes the pulse generator to commence activity and to provide a continuous series of output pulses which are applied by the lead 34 to the counter 30. However, since the counter 30 has a signal appearing at its reset which causes the counter to be deactivated, the counter does not count the pulses at this point in time.
When the lamp switch is turned off, the output signal from the lamp switch monitoring means present on the lead 36 changes state and removes the reset signal from the terminal 38 and instead applies an activate signal thereto which allows the counter to commence counting. Upon the counter receiving a predetermined number of pulses it will then generate an output signal which is applied over the lead 20 to the switching means 10 to deactivate the switching means 10 and remove power from the load 12. At the same time, the counter output is also applied to the pulse generator over line 40, so as to disable the pulse generator until the counter should again be reset. The period of time required for the counter to achieve the desired count may be varied to provide a shorter or longer time within certain limits as desired by the user.
As is also indicated in
By reference now, more specifically to
As is shown, the oscillator includes NOR gates 50, 52 and 54. The output signal of NOR gate 50 is connected as an input to the NOR gate 52. The output of the NOR gate 52 is connected as an input to the NOR gate 54 and is also connected through the capacitor 56 and the resistor 58 as an input to the NOR gate 50. The output of the NOR gate 54 is connected through the variable resistor 60 and the resistor 62 to the junction between the resistor 58 and the capacitor 56. The frequency of the oscillator may be controlled by the user through the utilization of the variable resistor 60. The output of the NOR gate 54 is applied as an input signal to the counter 18 which is a standard binary ripple counter well known to those skilled in the art. The output signal from the counter 18 as shown at 20 is applied to the switching means 10 as described in conjunction with
If, however, the lamp switch is turned off, the lamp switch monitoring means will then deliver a low level logic signal to the input of the counter 30 thus enabling the counter and allowing it to count the oscillator cycles from the output of the NOR gate 54. The counter will continue to count until it reaches the predetermined number of counts and at that time, the output signal at 20 will rise to the high state which will cause the switching means 10 to open and thus, remove power from the load. The predetermined number of counts may be any number preset for the counter. At the same time, this high state signal will be applied as an input to the NOR gate 54 disabling the oscillator. It is necessary to disable the oscillator when the load is to have the power removed from it to prevent the counter from continuing to count. If the oscillator is allowed to continue to run and the counter continues counting, the output signal at the lead 20 would go low again when the counter overflowed causing the switch means 10 to close thus, again applying power to the load when such is not desired.
The timer comprising the oscillator and counter as above described in conjunction with
By reference now, more particularly, to
When the lamp switch is off, the voltage appearing at the base 74 of the transistor 70 is zero volts; as a result, there is no conduction through the NPN transistor 70 and it functions effectively as an open circuit. As a result, the voltage connected to the pull up resistor 84 which is connected to power (approximately 5 volts positive) causes the collector 68 and thus the input to the NOR gate 64 to be at a high level logic state. This is in turn inverted by the inverter connected NOR gate ultimately producing a low level logic state at the output 66 thereof. As above described, when such is done, the counter would be enabled: however, since the output of the counter is resting in a high state, the oscillator is disabled and thus, the timer remains inhibited with its output in a high state.
When the lamp switch is turned on, sufficent positive bias is applied via resistor 76 to the base 74 of the transistor 70 to cause it to conduct which brings the collector 68 of the transistor down to a low logic state. That signal being applied as input to the inverter connected NOR gate 64 causes the output 66 thereof to go to a high state which is then applied to the timer 18. The high state of the output of the lamp switch monitoring means is applied as a reset signal to the counter, therefore, disabling the counter. Although, at the same time, the pulse generator 32 commences operating to provide a series of pulses as an input to the counter 30, the generated pulses are not counted because of the reset condition.
The switching means 10 as illustrated in
When the output of the timer 18 is low, the emitter 96 of the transistor 88 is held near ground potential allowing the voltage divider comprising resistors 90 and 92 to bias transistor 88 into saturated conduction. When such occurs, the collector 104 of the transistor 88 is also near ground potential which pulls the gate G of the FET 84 down to near ground potential. This bias delivered to the gate of FET 84 causes it to conduct heavily, therefore, acting as a closed switch between the plus 12 volt line voltage and the load.
When the output of the timer goes high as above described, the emitter junction of the transistor 88 is reversed biased causing the collector conduction of the transistor 88 to drop to zero thereby effectively causing the transistor 88 to appear as an open circuit. When such occurs, the resistor 106 connected between the gate and source of the FET 84 discharges the gate to source capacitance of the FET 84 causing it to cease conducting thus becoming an open circuit and disconnecting the power source of the load.
By reference now to
The operation of the monitoring means in the positive ground configuration is probably the most confusing because in this model the internal ground of the logic level components is actually connected to the “hotwire” of the external electrical system. When the lamp switch is off, the lamp itself would normally provide a low-resistance path from the positive ground of the electrical system to its connection to the lamp switch and the lamp switch input terminal of the timer 18. However, in the event the lamp is burned out, that path will not exist and the timer unit would effectively see this condition as an on condition in the lamp switch, consequently causing power to be applied to the load and in the case of an exhaust fan, to have it run indefinitely. To prevent this occurrence, the resistor 130 assures that the lamp switch as “seen” by the monitoring circuit will appear as off whenever it is off even if the lamp is defective.
The operation of the circuit as shown in
On the other hand, when the lamp switch is on, the lamp switch input to the timer circuit is at zero volts DC, again relative to the timer circuit common so that transistor 114 is not biased into conduction. This condition allows pull down resistor 122 to pull the input to the NOR gate 110 down to a low logic level resulting in a high logic level output therefrom which again, is applied as the input signal to the input terminal 30 of the timer 18. In this condition, the diode 126 prevents reverse (Zener-mode) conduction in the emitter-base junction of the transistor 114. As above indicated, the capacitor 132 bypasses high frequency signals which might exist on the lamp switch line when the lamp switch is off due to electrical noise thereby avoiding system misoperation.
The switching means 10 in the system as shown in
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, when the output signal from the timer 18 is low, the transistor 144 is cut off allowing the pull up resistor 146 to apply the plus 12 volt to the gate of the FET 140 thus biasing it into hard conduction and applying electrical power to the load. When, however, the timing means output goes high, approximately plus 5 volts is applied through the resistor 150 to the base 152 of the transistor 144 causing the transistor 144 to conduct in a saturated condition thus, bringing the collector 148 low and robbing the gate of the FET 140 of gate bias. This then, in turn, causes FET 140 to cease conduction and effectively to function as an open circuit thereby removing power from the load and causing the fan to cease its operation.
Referring now more particularly to
As is illustrated, the lamp switch monitoring means includes an inverter connected NOR gate 160, the output of which is connected as an input to the timer 18 as shown at 30. The input thereof is connected to the collector 162 of the NPN transistor 164, the emitter 166 of which is connected to neutral, the base 165 of the transistor 164 is connected through a pair of resistors 168 and 170 to the 120 volt AC signal which would be present at the lamp switch when the lamp switch has been turned on. The resistors 168 and 170 along with the resistor 172 which is connected to neutral function as a voltage divider reducing the alternating current line voltage to a voltage that is safe for the following circuit. The diode 174 functions to clip the negative half going cycle of the divided down line voltage. The capacitor 176 functions to help prevent electrical noise that may be present on the lamp switch line while the lamp switch is off causing undesirable misoperation of the circuit. An additional function of the resistor 172 is to assure a bias for the base 165 of the transistor 164 of approximately zero volts in the event that the lamp switch is off and the lamp is open. The divided-down line voltage (when the lamp switch is on) is applied to the base 165 of the transistor 164. The positive half cycles of the line voltage cause the transistor 164 to conduct thereby generating pulses of collector conduction. During these pulses, the collector 162 provides a low logic state. During the intervening negative half cycles which have been clipped by the diode 174, the pull up resistor 178 assures that the collector 162 is high since it is connected to the supply voltage the Vcc.
The operation of the monitor circuit is such that in the absence of an alternating current signal from the lamp switch, that is when the lamp is off, the lamp switch monitoring means 16 output connected to the timer 18 is a steady low level logic signal. However, in the presence of an AC signal from the lamp switch, that is when the lamp is on, the output from the lamp switch monitoring means is a line frequency positive half wave pulse wave form. In this respect, the lamp switch monitoring means for the 120 volt AC system differs from the two direct current operated models which provide a steady high level logic signal as long as the lamp switch remains on. This, however, has no ill effect upon the system operation because the timer 18 responds to the 60 hertz pulsed reset signal in substantially the same way that it would respond to a steady DC high reset signal.
Referring now to the switching means 10 it must be recognized that since the operating voltage available for the 120 volt AC system is relatively high compared to the DC operating systems, the logic circuit must be isolated from the main terminal of the system. As a result, an optocoupler 180 is utilized for that purpose. The switching means in the 120 volt system comprises resistors 182, 184, 186, 188 and 190. Also included is a PNP transistor 192 having a base 194 which is connected through the resistor 188 to the output of the timer 18, a collector 196 which is connected to the neutral or common and an emitter 198 which is connected to the optocoupler 180. Diodes 200 through 206 are connected as a full wave bridge rectifier. There is also provided an Triac 208, a Diac 210 and capacitors 212 and 214.
In operation, the output voltage from the timer 18 drives the base 194 of the transistor 192 through the resistor 188. When the timer 18 output is low (that is, the state that should cause the load to have power applied to it) transistor 192 is biased into conduction causing conduction in the LED portion of optocoupler 180 by way of the resistor 190 which is connected to Vcc. In turn, the photo-darlington photo transistor portion of optocoupler 180 conducts thus, behaving as a short circuit across the DC output of the bridge rectifier comprised of diodes of 200 through 206. When Triac 208 is not conducting and there exists a sufficient differential voltage across its main terminals, MT1 and MT2 the short across the diode bridge allows a flow of current through resistor 184, in turn, charging capacitor 212 in the same polarity as the available voltage. Thus, the waveform across the capacitor 212 is alternating current. However, the voltage waveform across capacitor 212 is far from being sinusoidal because any time the absolute value of the voltage across capacitor 212 exceeds the breakover voltage of Diac 210, Diac 210 fires abruptly discharging capacitor 212 into the gate of Triac 208 initiating conduction in Triac 208 across MT1 and MT2. This MT1, MT2 conduction will continue as long as the current waveform through Triac 208 does not cross zero (which will actually happen two times through each AC cycle). Thus, as long as the logic output from the timing means is low, Triac 208 will be held in a conducting state throughout most of the AC cycle so that power is delivered to the load. On the other hand, whenever the timer output is in the high logic state, there is no current through the LED portion of the octocoupler 180 so the photo transistor portion thereof does not conduct leaving the bridge rectifier unloaded. When this occurs, the bridge rectifier appears as an open switch in series with resistor 184 so that the capacitor 212 never charges, Diac 210 never fires, and Triac 208 never fires, leaving the load unpowered. Resistor 186 assists triac 208 to turn off properly. Resistor 182 and capacitor 214 function as a snubber circuit to help prevent inductive load turn off voltage spikes from retriggering Triac 208. The purpose of resistor 188 is to prevent the transistor 192 from going into high frequency oscillations while it is conducting.
There has thus been disclosed an exhaust fan time out circuit which is constructed of solid state devices, is relatively inexpensive, operates at relatively low voltages and can be constructed in such a manner as to be used to retrofit present wall switches. The system allows an exhaust fan to be activated when a light switch is turned on and to remain on for a specified period of time subsequent to the light switch being turned off, the time being variable according to the desires of the users.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2157664 | Hansen | May 1939 | A |
| 2326957 | Maguire | Aug 1943 | A |
| 3896509 | Stipp et al. | Jul 1975 | A |
| 4280063 | Yokomori et al. | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4349748 | Goldstein et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4389599 | Jabor | Jun 1983 | A |
| 4440503 | Arichi et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4642441 | Kenyon | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4933995 | Canon | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4968870 | Moon | Nov 1990 | A |
| 5175453 | Chang et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5299327 | Wilkerson | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5465188 | Pryor et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5473204 | Temple | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5745927 | Hoareau | May 1998 | A |
| 5781108 | Jacob et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5947814 | Czeck et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 6125642 | Seener et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6326882 | Chiu et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6549430 | Hosotani et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 56030673 | Mar 1981 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20030127914 A1 | Jul 2003 | US |
