Patent Application
20080028746
The foregoing and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of example embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are used to represent like elements and wherein:
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The vehicle 100 includes a throttle valve 2, an intake passage (intake pipe) 3, a surge tank 4, an engine (internal combustion engine) 5, an exhaust passage 6, an HC (hydrocarbon) adsorption device 8, a catalyst 9, a switching valve 10, a negative pressure supply passage 15, a check valve 16, a three-way VSV (Vacuum Switching Valve) 19, a diaphragm mechanism 20, a motor-generator 21, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 50. The vehicle 100 is configured as, for example, a hybrid vehicle.
Intake air is introduced from the outside into the intake passage 3, and passes through the intake passage 3. The throttle valve 2 adjusts the flow amount of intake air that passes through the intake passage. After the intake air is introduced into the surge tank 4, the intake air is supplied to the engine 5. The engine 5 includes a plurality of cylinders. The mixture of the supplied intake air and fuel is burned in a combustion chamber so that power is generated. In the engine 5, a fuel injection amount and an ignition timing are controlled by control signals supplied from the ECU 50. The engine 5 also includes an intake valve (not shown) that controls the flow of the gas into each cylinder, and an exhaust valve (not shown) that controls the discharge of the gas generated in each cylinder. The opening/closing timings (valve timings) of the intake valve and the exhaust valve are controlled by control signals supplied from the ECU 50.
The exhaust gas discharged from the engine 5 flows in the exhaust passage 6. In the exhaust passage 6, the HC adsorption device 8, and the catalyst 9 are provided in a direction from an upstream side to a downstream side. The catalyst 9 (exhaust gas purification catalyst device) is constituted by a three-way catalyst or an NOx storage catalyst. The catalyst 9 purifies HC, NOx, and SOx in the exhaust gas. A three-way catalyst may be further provided in a portion of the exhaust passage 6 upstream of the catalyst 9 (more specifically, in the portion of the exhaust passage 6 upstream of the HC adsorption device 8).
The HC adsorption device 8 is configured to be tubular. In the HC adsorption device 8, a first passage 61, and a second passage 62 are formed. The switching valve 10 is disposed inside the HC adsorption device 8. An HC adsorption portion 11 (shown by hatching in
The basic idea regarding the opening/closing of the switching valve 10 will be described. The catalyst 9 cannot effectively purify HC in the exhaust gas, for example, at the time of cold start. Therefore, at the time of cold start, the switching valve 10 is closed to make the exhaust gas flow only in the first passage 61 so that the HC adsorption portion 11 adsorbs the HC. The HC adsorption portion 11 has a characteristic of starting to discharge the adsorbed HC to the outside when the temperature of the exhaust gas is increased. Therefore, when the temperature of the exhaust gas reaches a temperature at which the adsorbed HC is purged (at this time, the catalyst 9 is substantially activated), the switching valve 10, which has been closed, is opened to make the exhaust gas flow in the second passage 62.
Next, the mechanism that controls the opening/closing of the switching valve 10 will be described. The opening/closing of the switching valve 10 is controlled by the diaphragm mechanism 20. More specifically, the operation of the diaphragm mechanism 20 is controlled by the pressure of gas supplied via the negative pressure supply passage 15.
The negative pressure supply passage 15 connects the surge tank 4 and the diaphragm mechanism 20. In the negative pressure supply passage 15, the check valve 16, and the three-way VSV 19 are provided in a direction from the surge tank 4 to the diaphragm mechanism 20. The check valve 16 is a one-way valve that allows only the flow of the gas from the negative pressure supply passage 15 to the surge tank 4. The three-way VSV 19 is constituted by a so-called three-way valve. The three-way VSV 19 has an opening portion connected to the check valve 16, an opening portion connected to the diaphragm mechanism 20, and an opening portion that is opened to the atmosphere. The three-way VSV 19 is controlled by a control signal supplied from the ECU 50.
The diaphragm mechanism 20 controls the opening/closing of the switching valve 10 according to the pressure of the supplied gas. More specifically, the pressure inside the diaphragm mechanism 20 is maintained at the atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm mechanism 20 operates according to the difference between the pressure of the supplied gas and the atmospheric pressure inside the diaphragm mechanism 20. More specifically, when the atmospheric pressure is introduced into the diaphragm mechanism 20, the diaphragm mechanism 20 operates to open the switching valve 10. When the negative pressure (that is regarded as the negative pressure in the intake pipe), which is lower than the atmospheric pressure, is introduced into the diaphragm mechanism 20, the diaphragm mechanism 20 operates to close the switching valve 10. Thus, the switching valve 10, the diaphragm mechanism 20, and the three-way VSV 19 operate as the flow passage switching portion according to the invention.
A motor-generator 21 is configured to function mainly as a motor that assists the output of the engine 5. The motor-generator 21 is connected to the engine 5 via a planetary gear (not shown) and the like.
The ECU 50 includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, an AD converter, and an input/output interface (all of them are not shown). The ECU 50 controls the three-way VSV 19, thereby controlling the pressure of the gas supplied to the diaphragm mechanism 20 to control the opening/closing of the switching valve 10. In the embodiment, when the engine 5 starts, the ECU 50 executes controls to generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe required to reliably close the switching valve 10. More specifically, the ECU 50 executes a timing advance control that advances the valve timing of the intake valve, and a control that reduces the opening amount of the throttle valve 2. Thus, the ECU 50 operates as the control portion according to the invention.
Hereinafter, a control executed by the ECU 50 when the engine 5 starts (hereinafter, referred to as “start-time control”) in each of embodiments will be more specifically described.
First, the start-time control according to a first embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, at the time of cold start, the ECU 50 executes the timing advance control that advances the valve timing of the intake valve of the engine 5. The timing advance control is executed to quickly generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe so that the diaphragm mechanism 20 operates to completely close the switching valve 10. That is, the ECU 50 executes the timing advance control that advances the valve timing of the intake valve, to completely close the switching valve 10 quickly so that the discharge of the HC is reliably suppressed at the time of cold start.
The start-time control according to the first embodiment will be more specifically described with reference to
First, in step S101, the ECU 50 determines whether there is a request for starting the engine 5. For example, the ECU 50 determines whether there is a request for starting the engine 5, by determining whether an ignition switch (IG) is on. When there is a request for starting the engine 5 (YES in step S101), the routine proceeds to step S102. When there is no request for starting the engine 5 (NO in step S101), the routine ends.
In step S102, the ECU 50 cranks the engine 5 using the motor-generator 21. In other words, the ECU 50 controls the motor-generator 21, thereby assisting the start of the engine 5. Thus, because the ECU 50 cranks the engine 5 using the motor generator 21, a decrease in the startability is suppressed when the fuel supply is cut off in the later process (i.e., the process in step S104). After the above-described process in step S102 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S103.
In step S103, the ECU 50 determines whether an instruction for closing the switching valve 10 (hereinafter, referred to as “switching-valve closing instruction”) is output at the time of cold start. That is, the ECU 50 determines whether the exhaust gas should be supplied to the HC adsorption portion 11 so that the HC adsorption portion 11 adsorbs the HC. More specifically, the ECU 50 makes the determination based on the temperature of a coolant for cooling the engine 5 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “coolant temperature”), and/or the temperature of intake air. For example, when the coolant temperature is equal to or below a predetermined temperature, it is considered that the switching-valve closing instruction should be output. When the coolant temperature is above the predetermined temperature, it is considered that the switching-valve closing instruction should not be output. When the engine 5 is in a cold start state, and the switching-valve closing instruction is output (YES in step S103), the routine proceeds to step S104. When the engine 5 is not in the cold start state and/or the switching-valve closing instruction is not output (NO in step S103), the routine proceeds to step S108.
In step S104, the ECU 50 cuts off fuel supply. That is, the ECU 50 prohibits injection in the engine 5. In this case, it is considered that the engine 5 is in the cold start state, and the switching valve 50 is not completely closed yet. Therefore, if the fuel is injected, there is a high possibility that the HC generated by combustion may not be reliably adsorbed by the HC adsorption portion 11, and the HC may be discharged. Accordingly, in step S104, the fuel supply is cut off to suppress the discharge of the HC until the switching valve 10 is completely closed. After the above-described process in step S104 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S105. In step S104, the ECU 50 may prohibit ignition, in addition to the fuel supply cutoff.
In step S105, the ECU 50 turns the three-way VSV 19 on. In this case, the ECU 50 executes the control to close the switching valve 10 to supply the exhaust gas to the HC adsorption portion 11. More specifically, the ECU 50 controls the three-way VSV 19, thereby operating the diaphragm mechanism 20 to control the switching valve 10. More specifically, the ECU 50 supplies the control signal to the three-way VSV 19 so that the negative pressure in the intake pipe is introduced into the diaphragm mechanism 20. After the above-described process in step S105 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S106.
In step S106, the ECU 50 executes the control that advances the valve timing (IN VVT) of the intake valve of the engine 5. The control is executed to quickly generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe. That is, the ECU 50 executes the control to quickly generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe so that the switching valve 10 is completely closed quickly. More specifically, the ECU 50 supplies the control signal to a mechanism that opens/closes the intake valve, thereby advancing the valve timing of the intake valve by a predetermined amount. The predetermined amount is set beforehand, according to the type of the vehicle, and the like. After the above-described process in step S106 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S107.
In step S107, the ECU 50 determines whether the switching valve 10 is completely closed. For example, the ECU 50 determines whether the switching valve 10 is completely closed by estimating the negative pressure in the intake pipe. In this case, the negative pressure in the intake pipe is estimated based on the rotational speed of the engine 5, the valve timing of the intake valve, and the like. When the switching valve 10 is completely closed (YES in step S107), the routine proceeds to step S108. When the switching valve 10 is not completely closed (NO in step S107), the routine returns to step S107. That is, the ECU 50 repeatedly makes the determination in step S107 while the engine continues to be cranked, the fuel supply continues to be cut off, and the valve timing of the intake valve remains advanced, until the switching valve 10 is completely closed.
In step S108, because the ECU 50 is completely closed, the ECU 50 stops the fuel supply cutoff. More specifically, the ECU 50 starts the engine 5 immediately, or provides permission to start the engine 5. When the engine 5 is started immediately, the ECU 50 performs fuel injection and ignition, thereby starting the engine 5. After the above-described process in step S108 is finished, the routine ends.
By executing the control according to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to reliably generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe so that the switching valve 10 is completely closed quickly. Thus, it is possible to reliably suppress the discharge of the HC at the time of engine start. Also, because the time required to completely close the switching valve 10 is reduced, the engine 5 is quickly started.
Next, a start-time control according to a second embodiment will be described.
In the second embodiment, the timing advance control that advances the valve timing of the intake valve is executed, as in the first embodiment. However, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the timing advance control is executed based on the rotational speed of the engine 5. More specifically, in the second embodiment, an advance amount, by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced, is changed based on the rotational speed of the engine 5. More specifically, when the rotational speed of the engine 5 is below a predetermined value, the advance amount, by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced, is set to a small amount. For example, the advance amount is set to prevent the occurrence of a start shock.
The above-described control is executed for the following reason. If the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced when the rotational speed of the engine 5 is relatively low, a start shock may occur due to pumping loss or the like. Accordingly, in the second embodiment, when the rotational speed of the engine 5 is relatively low, the advance amount, by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced, is set to a small amount, to suppress the occurrence of such a start shock. Thus, in the second embodiment, the control is executed to suppress the occurrence of a start shock, and to suppress the discharge of the HC.
An example of the start-time control according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to
The engine rotational speed starts to increase at time t10. In this case, the ECU 50 does not advance the valve timing of the intake valve until the engine rotational speed exceeds a resonance band where a start shock may occur. The resonance band is a region near a rotational speed A1 (equivalent to the predetermined value). More specifically, the ECU 50 does not advance the valve timing of the intake valve during a period from time t10 to time t11. Because the engine rotational speed exceeds the resonance band at time t11, the ECU 50 starts to advance the valve timing of the intake valve at time t11. In this case, the ECU 50 increases the advance amount to a predetermined amount A2, and then maintains the advance amount at the predetermined amount A2. In other words, the ECU 50 executes the timing advance control so that the advance amount does not exceed the predetermined amount A2. The predetermined amount A2 is set beforehand, according to the type of the vehicle, and the like.
The processes in steps S206 to S209 are executed to determine the advance amount by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced. First, in step S206, the ECU 50 obtains the engine rotational speed. In this case, the ECU 50 obtains the engine rotational speed from, for example, a rotational speed sensor provided in the engine 5. Then, the routine proceeds to step S207.
In step S207, the ECU 50 determines whether the engine rotational speed is equal to or above the predetermined value. In other words, the ECU 50 determines whether the engine rotational speed exceeds the resonance band where a start shock may occur. The process in step S207 is executed to determine the advance amount by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced, by determining whether there is a possibility that a start shock may occur. When the engine rotational speed is equal to or above the predetermined value (YES in step S207), the routine proceeds to step S208. When the engine rotational speed is below the predetermined value (NO in step S207), the routine proceeds to step S209.
In step S208, because the engine rotational speed is equal to or above the predetermined value, there is little possibility that a start shock may occur if the valve timing is advanced, and therefore, the ECU 50 advances the valve timing (IN VVT) of the intake valve by the predetermined amount. In other words, in this case, because there is little possibility that a start shock may occur, the ECU 50 executes the process to give priority to quick generation of the negative pressure in the intake pipe. The predetermined amount, by which the valve timing is advanced, is set beforehand to an advance amount required to reduce emissions, according to the type of the vehicle, and the like. After the process in step S208 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S210.
In step S209, because the engine rotational speed is below the predetermined value, there is a high possibility that a start shock may occur if the valve timing is advanced, and therefore, the ECU 50 sets the advance amount, by which the valve timing (IN VVT) of the intake valve is advanced, to an amount that is smaller than the predetermined amount. More specifically, the ECU 50 sets the advance amount to prevent the occurrence of a start shock. Thus, in step S209, the process is executed to give priority to the suppression of a start shock. Instead of setting the advance amount, by which the valve timing of the intake valve is advanced, to a small amount, the advance amount may be set to substantially zero to reliably suppress the occurrence of a start shock. After the process in step S209 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S210.
In step S210, the ECU 50 determines whether the switching valve 10 is completely closed, as in the process in step S107 described above. When the switching valve 10 is completely closed (YES in step S210), the routine proceeds to step S211. When the switching valve 10 is not completely closed (NO in step S210), the routine returns to step S210. That is, the ECU 50 repeatedly makes the determination in step S210 while the engine 5 continues to be cranked, the fuel supply continues to be cut off, and the valve timing of the intake valve remains advanced, until the switching valve 10 is completely closed. In step S211, the ECU 50 stops the fuel supply cutoff, as in the process in step S108. More specifically, the ECU 50 starts the engine 5 immediately, or provides permission to start the engine 5. After the above-described process in step S211 is finished, the routine ends.
By executing the control according to the second embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately suppress the occurrence of a start shock, and to suppress the discharge of the HC at the time of engine start.
Next, a start-time control according to a third embodiment will be described.
The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment and the second embodiment in that the control that reduces the opening amount of the throttle valve 2 (hereinafter, referred to as “throttle opening reduction control”) is executed, along with the timing advance control. The timing advance control and the throttle opening reduction control are executed to quickly generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe so that the diaphragm mechanism 20 operates to completely close the switching valve 10. That is, the timing advance control and the throttle opening reduction control are executed to completely close the switching valve 10 quickly so that the discharge of the HC is reliably suppressed.
In step S307, the ECU 50 executes the throttle opening reduction control that reduces the opening amount of the throttle valve 2. More specifically, the ECU 50 determines a reduction amount by which the opening amount of the throttle valve 2 is reduced, based on the coolant temperature, and the like. Then, the ECU 50 executes the control for the throttle valve 2 so that the opening amount of the throttle valve 2 is set to an opening amount corresponding to the determined reduction amount. After the above-described process in step S307 is finished, the routine proceeds to step S308.
In step S308, the ECU 50 determines whether the switching valve 10 is completely closed, as in the process in step S107. When the switching valve 10 is completely closed (YES in step S308), the routine proceeds to step S309. When the switching valve 10 is not completely closed (NO in step S308), the routine returns to step S308. That is, the ECU 50 repeatedly makes the determination in step S308 while the engine 5 continues to be cranked, the fuel supply continues to be cut off, the valve timing of the intake valve remains advanced, and the opening amount of the throttle valve 2 remains reduced, until the switching valve 10 is completely closed. Then, in step S309, the ECU 50 stops the fuel supply cutoff, as in the process in step S108. More specifically, the ECU 50 starts the engine 5 immediately, or provides permission to start the engine 5. After the above-described process in step S309 is finished, the routine ends.
By executing the control according to the third embodiment described above, it is possible to reliably generate the negative pressure in the intake pipe so that the switching valve 10 is completely closed quickly. Thus, it is possible to reliably suppress the discharge of the HC at the time of engine start. Also, by reducing the opening amount of the throttle valve 2, the amount of new intake air is reduced, and therefore, the amount of exhaust gas tends to be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce emissions.
In the routine shown in
The embodiment where both of the timing advance control and the throttle opening reduction control are executed has been described. Instead, only the throttle opening reduction control may be executed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006-212444 | Aug 2006 | JP | national |
