Patent Grant
10858976
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification controller for an engine, in particular to an exhaust gas purification controller for an engine having an NOx catalyst for purifying NOx in an exhaust gas on an exhaust gas passage.
Conventionally, as shown in JP-B-3518398, there is known an exhaust gas purifier for an engine which includes: an SCR catalyst provided on an exhaust gas passage of the engine and configured to purify NOx in an exhaust gas by a reaction with NH3; and an NOx catalyst of an NOx storage (occlusion) reduction type configured to occlude NOx in the exhaust gas in a lean state wherein an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is larger than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ>1) and to reduce the occluded NOx in another state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is in a vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ≈1) or in a rich state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ<1). In this exhaust gas purifier for an engine, when the engine is in a state of a high rotation-speed and a high load, that is, when the engine is in a driving range wherein a temperature of the SCR catalyst is high, purification of NOx by the SCR catalyst is performed, and when the engine is in other states, purification of NOx by the NOx catalyst is performed.
In addition, as shown in JP-A-2010-112345, there is known another exhaust gas purifier in which purification of NOx by an SCR catalyst is performed by causing the SCR catalyst to absorb NH3 generated in an NOx reduction control at an NOx catalyst, instead of providing a urea injection valve for injecting urea to the SCR catalyst. That is, it is known that such an NOx reduction control generates NH3. In addition, as shown in JP-B-4347076, it is known that a conversion rate, at which NOx is converted into NH3 in an NOx catalyst, can be calculated by detecting a temperature of the NOx catalyst. Furthermore, it is known that the amount of NH3 generated in an NOx reduction control varies dependently on a temperature of an NOx catalyst. In detail, it is disclosed that, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst is higher, the generated amount of NH3 is higher.
As shown in JP-B-3518398, when an NOx reduction control is performed by an NOx catalyst while NH3 is supplied to an SCR catalyst by a urea injection valve, NH3 may be supplied to the SCR catalyst too much because of NH3 generated by the NOx reduction control. As a result, NH3 may be supplied to the SCR catalyst in an amount exceeding an absorption capacity of the SCR catalyst, and thus NH3 may be discharged to an exhaust gas passage downstream the SCR catalyst.
Under the circumstance, it is conceivable to inhibit such an excessive ammonia supply to the SCR catalyst by taking into consideration the amount of NH3 generated at the NOx catalyst reduction control, and thereby inhibit the ammonia from being discharged to the exhaust gas passage downstream the SCR catalyst.
However, the amount of NH3 generated at the NOx reduction control varies dependently on the temperature of the NOx catalyst. Thus, unless this condition is taken into consideration, it is impossible to sufficiently inhibit the ammonia from being discharged to the exhaust gas passage downstream the SCR catalyst. Alternatively, the ammonia supply to the SCR catalyst may be inhibited too much, which may result in shortage of NH3 absorbed by the SCR catalyst so that performance of purification of NOx by the SCR catalyst may be deteriorated.
In JP-B-4347076, it is disclosed that, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst is higher, NH3 generation rate is higher. Thus, it is conceivable that JP-B-4347076 takes into consideration such a condition that a reaction generating NH3 occurs more likely when the temperature of the NOx catalyst is higher.
However, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst is higher, not only the reaction generating NH3 occurs more likely, but also another reaction decomposing the generated NH3 occurs more likely. JP-B-4347076 does not take into consideration this decomposing reaction, so that NH3 generated at the NOx catalyst reduction control cannot be known correctly.
The present invention was made based on the above background. An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification controller for an engine which can achieve efficient purification of NOx while inhibiting ammonia from being discharged to an exhaust gas passage downstream an SCR catalyst, by correctly grasp (know) NH3 generated at an NOx catalyst reduction control and making it possible to suitably inhibiting an excessive ammonia supply to the SCR catalyst.
The present invention is an exhaust gas purification controller for an engine, including: an NOx catalyst provided on an exhaust gas passage of the engine, and configured to occlude NOx in an flowing-in exhaust gas in a state wherein an air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas is leaner than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and to reduce the occluded NOx to N2 in a state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas is richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio; an NOx catalyst regenerator configured to control a fuel injection valve in the engine in order to make the air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas to the NOx catalyst richer; an SCR catalyst provided on the exhaust gas passage downstream the NOx catalyst, and configured to purify NOx by a reaction with NH3; an NH3 supplier configured to supply NH3 or a raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst and cause the SCR catalyst to absorb the NH3 or the raw material for NH3; an NH3 supply amount controller configured to control a supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst by the NH3 supplier; and an exhaust-gas flow amount detector configured to detect or estimate a flow amount of the exhaust gas; wherein the NH3 supply amount controller is configured to reduce the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst by the NH3 supplier when the NOx catalyst regenerator has performed an NOx catalyst regeneration, compared with when the NOx catalyst regenerator has not performed the NOx catalyst regeneration, and the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set smaller when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector is larger.
According to the present invention, since the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set smaller when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is larger, a generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration and efficient purification of NOx can be achieved.
More specifically, for example, it is preferable that the NH3 supply amount controller is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst by the NH3 supplier when the NOx catalyst regenerator has performed an NOx catalyst regeneration, and that a reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set larger when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector is larger.
In the case, since the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set larger when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is larger, the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration and efficient purification of NOx can be achieved.
In addition, in this case, it is preferable that, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in a range equal to or larger than a predetermined first threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set to vary less greatly, compared with in a range smaller than the first threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies. In this case, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved in which the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration more precisely.
In addition, it is preferable that the NH3 supply amount controller has: a first reduction amount determiner configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst; and a second reduction amount determiner configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of Raw NOx; and that, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in a range smaller than a predetermined second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the second reduction amount determiner is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the first reduction amount determiner, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies.
In this case, a generated amount of NH3 in the purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst and a generated amount of NH3 in the purification process of Raw NOx can be taken into consideration independently of each other. Thus, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved in which the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration more precisely.
In addition, in this case, it is further preferable that, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in a range equal to or larger than the second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the second reduction amount determiner is set to vary less greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the first reduction amount determiner, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies.
In this case, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved in which the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration more precisely.
For example, in this case, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in the range equal to or larger than the second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the second reduction amount determiner may be set substantially constant no matter how the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies.
In addition, it is preferable that an NOx catalyst temperature detector configured to detect or estimate a temperature of the NOx catalyst is further provided, and that, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in the range smaller than the second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the second reduction amount determiner is set to vary more greatly as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst detected or estimated by the NOx catalyst temperature detector is higher.
In this case as well, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved in which the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration more precisely.
In addition, it is preferable that the NH3 supply amount controller is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst by the NH3 supplier, based on the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the first reduction amount determiner and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 determined by the second reduction amount determiner, for example based on the sum of the former reduction amount and the latter reduction amount.
In addition, it is preferable that an SCR catalyst temperature detector configured to detect or estimate a temperature of the SCR catalyst is further provided and that when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector is smaller than a predetermined threshold and when the temperature of the SCR catalyst detected or estimated by the SCR catalyst temperature detector is smaller than a predetermined threshold, purification of NOx is performed mainly only by the NOx catalyst; when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector is smaller than a predetermined threshold and when the temperature of the SCR catalyst detected or estimated by the SCR catalyst temperature detector is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, purification of NOx is performed mainly only by the SCR catalyst; and when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, both the purification of NOx by the NOx catalyst and the purification of NOx by the SCR catalyst are performed.
In this case, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved based on the flow amount of the exhaust gas and based on the temperature of the SCR catalyst.
In addition, in this case, it is preferable that, when the purification of NOx is performed mainly only by the NOx catalyst, the NH3 supply amount controller is configured to limit the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 to the SCR catalyst by the NH3 supplier, and that, when the purification of NOx is performed mainly only by the SCR catalyst, an operation of the NOx catalyst regenerator is limited.
According to an aspect of the present invention, since the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set larger when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is larger, the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration and efficient purification of NOx can be achieved. In particular, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in a range equal to or larger than a predetermined first threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 or the raw material for NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller may be set to vary less greatly, compared with in a range smaller than the first threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector varies. In this case, efficient purification of NOx can be achieved in which the generated amount of NH3 in the NOx catalyst can be taken into consideration more precisely.
An exhaust gas purification controller for an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings.
<System Structure>
Initially, with reference to
As shown in
First, the intake system IN has an intake passage 1, through which an intake air passes. On the intake passage 1, in the following order from its upstream side, there are provided with: an air cleaner 3 configured to purify the air introduced from the outside; a compressor of a turbocharger 5 configured to compress the intake air passing therethrough to raise an intake air pressure; an intercooler 8 configured to cool the intake air by an outside air or a cooling water; an intake shutter valve 7 (which corresponds to a throttle valve) configured to adjust a flow amount of the intake air passing therethrough; and a surge tank 12 configured to temporarily store the intake air to be supplied to the engine E.
On the intake passage 1 on a side just downstream the air cleaner 3, an air flow sensor 101 configured to detect an amount of intake air and a temperature sensor 102 configured to detect an intake air temperature. A pressure sensor 103 configured to detect the intake air pressure is provided on the turbocharger 5. Another temperature sensor 106 configured to detect the intake air temperature is provided on the intake passage 1 just downstream the intercooler 8. A position sensor 105 configured to detect an open degree of the intake shutter valve 7 is provided on the intake shutter valve 7. A pressure sensor 108 configured to detect the intake air pressure at an intake manifold is provided on the surge tank 12. These sensors 101 to 108 are respectively configured to output detection signals S101 to S108 corresponding to their detected parameters to the PCM 60.
Next, the engine E includes: an intake valve 15 configured to introduce the intake air supplied from the intake passage 1 (more specifically, the intake manifold) into a combustion chamber 17; a fuel injection valve 20 configured to inject fuel toward the combustion chamber 17; a glow plug 21 having a heat generating part located in the combustion chamber 17 and configured to generate heat by applying an electric current; a piston 23 configured to reciprocate by combustion of an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 17; a crankshaft 25 configured to be rotated by a reciprocation of the piston 23; and an exhaust valve 27 configured to discharge an exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 17 to an exhaust passage 41. In addition, the engine E is provided with a crank-angle sensor 100 configured to detect a crank angle as a rotational angle compared with a top dead point or the like of the crank shaft 25. The crank-angle sensor 100 is configured to output a detection signal S100 corresponding to the detected crank angle to the PCM 60. The PCM 60 is configured to obtain an engine rotation speed based on the detection signal S100.
The fuel supply system FS has: a fuel tank 30 configured to store the fuel; and a fuel supply passage 38 configured to supply the fuel from the fuel tank 30 to the fuel injection valve 20. The fuel supply passage 38 includes, in the following order from its upstream side, a low-pressure fuel pump 31, a high-pressure fuel pump 33, and a common rail 35.
Next, the exhaust gas system EX has the exhaust passage 41, through which the exhaust gas passes. On the exhaust passage 41, there is provided a turbine of the turbocharger 5 configured to be rotated by the exhaust gas and to drive the compressor by its rotation as described above. In addition, on the exhaust passage 41 downstream the turbine, in the following order from its upstream side, there are provided: an NOx catalyst 45 configured to purify NOx (Raw NOx) in the exhaust gas; a diesel particulate filter (DPF: Diesel Particulate Filter) 46 configured to collect particulate matters (PM: Particulate Matter) in the exhaust gas; and an urea injector 51 configured to inject urea (typically, urea aqueous) toward an inside of the exhaust passage 41 on a side downstream of the DPF 46.
The NOx catalyst 45 tends to occlude NOx in the exhaust gas in a lean state wherein an air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas is larger than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ>1), and tends to reduce the occluded NOx in another state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas is in a vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ≈1) or in a rich state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ<1), so that the NOx catalyst 45 is called an NOx storage (occlusion) reduction type of catalyst (NSC: NOx Storage Catalyst). The NOx catalyst 45 generates and releases NH3 (ammonia) when the NOx catalyst 45 reduces NOx that has been occluded therein. Specifically, when the NOx is reduced, “N” in the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 and “H” in “HC” such as unburned fuel supplied toward the NOx catalyst 45 as a reducing agent, or “H” in “H2O” generated by in-cylinder combustion, are united to generate NH3 (ammonia). Further details of these reactions are explained in paragraph 0142.
Herein, although the details are explained later, the occluded NOx is reduced and purified (by an NOx catalyst regenerator) by controlling the fuel injection valve 20 in the engine E to bring the air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas into a rich state when an amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 (hereinafter, referred as an NOx occlusion amount) becomes equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold. In the present embodiment, the PCM 60 serves as the NOx catalyst regenerator (has a function as the NOx catalyst regenerator).
An amount of NOx in the exhaust gas may be estimated based on a driving state of the engine E, a flow amount (flow rate) of the exhaust gas, a temperature of the exhaust gas, and the like. The NOx occlusion amount in the NOx catalyst 45 may be estimated by adding up the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas. Alternatively, the NOx occlusion amount in the NOx catalyst 45 may be directly detected by an NOx-occlusion-amount detecting sensor 45n.
The NOx catalyst 45 of the present embodiment has not only the function as the NSC, but also a function as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC: Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) 45a (oxidation catalyst) which uses oxygen in the exhaust gas to oxidize hydro carbon (HC), carbon moNOxide (CO) or the like into water and carbon dioxide.
More specifically, the NOx catalyst 45 of the present embodiment is made of a surface of a catalyst material layer serving as the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a being coated by another catalyst material serving as the NSC. Thus, the NOx catalyst 45 forms a composite catalyst including the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a. That is, the NOx catalyst 45 is arranged (formed) by being combined with the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a. Thus, when a temperature of the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a is raised by reaction heat of aNOxidizing reaction, the reaction heat is transferred to the NOx catalyst 45, so that a temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised.
In the present embodiment, a temperature sensor 112 is provided on a side just upstream of the NOx catalyst 45. The temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 may be estimated based on a temperature detected by the temperature sensor 112. Alternatively, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 may be detected by another temperature sensor 113 located between the NOx catalyst 45 and the DPF 46. Alternatively, the NOx catalyst 45 may be provided directly with an NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t configured to detect a temperature of the NOx catalyst 45.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the flow amount of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 45 is estimated based on the driving state of the engine, more specifically an engine rotation speed and an engine load. However, an exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f configured to detect the flow amount of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 45 may be provided.
In addition, on a side further downstream of the urea injector 51, there is arranged an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst 47 configured to react (reduce) the NOx in the exhaust gas with the NH3 generated in the NOx catalyst 45 to purify the NOx. The SCR catalyst 47 has also a function of hydrolyzing the urea injected from the urea injector 51 to generate NH3 (ammonia) (CO(NH2)2+H2O→CO2+2NH3), and to react (reduce) the NOx in the exhaust gas with the NH3 to purify the NOx. The urea injector 51 is configured to be controlled by a control signal S51 supplied from the DCU 70 to inject the urea toward the inside of the exhaust passage 41.
More specifically, the SCR catalyst 47 is configured to absorb the NH3 (ammonia) generated by the purification (reduction) of NOx in the NOx catalyst 45 and/or the HN3 generated from the urea injected from the urea injector 51 (cause the NH3 (ammonia) generated by the purification (reduction) of NOx in the NOx catalyst 45 and/or the HN3 generated from the urea injected from the urea injector 51 to stick to the SCR catalyst 47 itself), and to react the NOx in the exhaust gas with the absorbed (having-stuck) NH3 to purify (reduce) the NOx.
For example, the SCR catalyst 47 may be made of a catalyst metal having a function of reducing the NOx with the NH3 (ammonia), which may be supported by zeolite having a function of trapping the NH3 to be a catalyst component, which may be further supported by a cell wall as a honeycomb carrier. Fe, Ti, Ce, W or the like may be used as the catalyst metal for the NOx reduction.
Furthermore, on a side further downstream of the SCR catalyst 47, there is provided a slip catalyst 48 configured to oxidize and purify NH3 (ammonia) ejected from the SCR catalyst 47. In addition, on the SCR catalyst 47, there is provided an SCR-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 47t configured to detect a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47. The SCR-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 47t is a sensor configured to directly detect a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47. However, instead of this, an indirect parameter related to a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 may be measured and there may be provided an estimator configured to estimate the temperature of the SCR catalyst from the parameter. For example, a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 may be estimated based on a temperature detected by a temperature sensor 117 on a side just upstream of the SCR catalyst 47.
In the present embodiment, the urea injector 51 serves as an NH3 supplier configured to supply urea, which is a raw material for NH3, to the SCR catalyst 47 and to cause the SCR catalyst 47 to absorb the urea (to cause the urea to stick to the SCT catalyst 47). As shown in
The urea supply passage 53 is formed by a pipe capable of delivering the urea (urea aqueous). On the urea supply passage 53, there is arranged a urea-supply-passage pressure sensor 56 configured to measure a change of a pressure thereon when the urea passes therethrough. In addition, on the urea supply passage 53, there is arranged a urea-passage heater 57 for preventing the urea from freezing thereon. The urea delivery pump 54 is configured to receive control commands from the DCU 70 and deliver the urea from the urea tank 55 toward the urea injector 51.
In the present embodiment, the DCU 70 serves as an NH3 supply amount controller configured to control a supply amount of the urea (raw material for NH3) to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51 (NH3 supplier).
The DCU 70 controls an amount of the urea injected from the urea injector 51 to cause the SCR catalyst 47 to absorb a suitable amount of NH3, in order to achieve both secure NOx purification performance by the SCR catalyst 47 and inhibition of ejection (slip) of the NH3 (ammonia) from the SCR catalyst 47.
Furthermore, the DCU 70 is electrically connected to the urea-supply-passage pressure sensor 56, a urea level sensor 58 and a urea temperature sensor 59. The urea-supply-passage pressure sensor 56, the urea level sensor 58 and the urea temperature sensor 59 are respectively configured to output detection signals S52 to S54 corresponding to their detected parameters to the DCU 70. In addition, the DCU 70 is electrically connected to the urea-passage heater 57, the urea delivery pump 54 and a urea-tank heater 61. Operational states of the urea-passage heater 57, the urea delivery pump 54 and the urea-tank heater 61 can be respectively controlled by control signals S55 to S57 supplied from the DCU 70.
The DCU 70 consists of a computer including: a CPU, various types of programs configured to be interpreted and executed by the CPU (including a basic control program such as an OS, and an application program to be executed on such an OS for achieving a specific function), and an inside memory such as ROM and/or RAM for storing such programs and/or various data. The DCU 70 is two-way communicably connected to the PCM 60, and is configured to receive control commands of the PCM 60 and be controlled thereby. For example, a control signal for supplying various information obtained by the DCU 70 to the PCM 60 is depicted as a control signal S58.
In addition, as shown in
Furthermore, in the exhaust gas system EX, there are provided with: a temperature sensor 112 configured to detect a temperature of the exhaust gas just upstream the NOx catalyst 45; a temperature sensor 113 configured to detect a temperature of the exhaust gas between the NOx catalyst 45 and the DFP 46; a differential-pressure sensor 114 configured to detect a differential pressure of the exhaust gas between on a side just upstream of the DPF 46 and on an side just downstream of the DPF 46; a temperature sensor 115 configured to detect a temperature of the exhaust gas just downstream the DPF 46; an NOx sensor 116 configured to detect NOx density in the exhaust gas just downstream the DPF 46; a temperature sensor 117 configured to detect a temperature of the exhaust gas just upstream the SCR catalyst 47; an NOx sensor 118 configured to detect NOx density in the exhaust gas just downstream the SCR catalyst 47; and a PM sensor 119 configured to detect PM in the exhaust gas just upstream the slip catalyst 48. These sensors 109 to 119 are respectively configured to output detection signals S109 to S119 corresponding to their detected parameters to the PCM 60.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the turbocharger 5 serves as two-stage supercharging system capable of achieving efficiently high supercharging in the whole range from a low rotation speed range (in which exhaust energy is low) to a high rotation speed range. That is, the turbocharger 5 has: a large-sized turbocharger 5a configured to supercharge a large amount of air in a high rotation speed range; a small-sized turbocharger 5b capable of efficiently supercharging even with low exhaust energy; a compressor bypass valve 5c configured to control a flow of the intake air to a compressor of the small-sized turbocharger 5b; a regulator valve 5d configured to control a flow of the exhaust gas to a turbine of the small-sized turbocharger 5b; and a waste gate valve 5e configured to control a flow of the exhaust gas to a turbine of the large-sized turbocharger 5a. These valves are respectively driven based on the running state of the engine E (the engine rotation speed and the engine load), so that the supercharging by the large-sized turbocharger 5a and the supercharging by the small-sized turbocharger 5b are switched.
In addition, the engine system 200 of the present embodiment further includes an EGR system 43. The EGR system 43 has: an EGR passage 43a connecting the exhaust passage 41 on a side upstream of the turbine of the turbocharger 5 and the intake passage 1 on a side downstream of the compressor of the turbocharger 5 (more specifically, on a side downstream of the intercooler 8); an EGR cooler 43b configured to cool the exhaust gas passing through the EGR passage 43a; a first EGR valve 43c configured to adjust a flow amount of the exhaust gas passing through the EGR passage 43a; an EGR-cooler bypass passage 43d configured to bypass the EGR cooler 43b and cause the exhaust gas to flow therethrough; and a second EGR valve 43e configured to adjust a flow amount of the exhaust gas passing through the EGR-cooler bypass passage 43d.
<Electric Structure and Function of PCM>
Next, with reference to
The PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to output a control signal S20 to control the fuel injector valve 20 and a control signal S7 to control the intake shutter valve 7, based on a detection signal S150 outputted from an accelerator open-degree sensor 150 configured to detect an open degree of an accelerator pedal (accelerator open degree) and a detection signal S151 outputted from a vehicle speed sensor 151 configured to detect a vehicle speed, in addition to the detection signals S100 to S119 of the above various sensors 100 to 119.
In addition, the PCM 60 is configured to two-way communicate with the DCU 70 and to output a control signal S8 for causing the DCU 70 to perform such a control that a desired amount of urea is supplied from the urea injector 51.
In particular, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to control the fuel injection valve 20 in the engine E to bring the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 45 into a rich state (the PCM 60 is configured to serve as an NOx catalyst regenerator) when an amount of NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 becomes equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold. More specifically, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to perform a “post injection” from the fuel injection valve 20 in order to bring the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas into a target air-fuel ratio (specifically, a predetermined air-fuel ratio in a vicinity of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or smaller than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio). Thereby, the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 can be reduced (NOx reduction control).
That is, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to perform a main injection in which the fuel is injected into a cylinder to output an engine torque based on a driver's operation of the accelerator pedal (basically, in the main injection, an injection amount of the fuel or the like is determined such that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is in a lean state), and to perform a post injection at a timing not contributing to the output of the engine torque (specifically, at an expansion stroke) after the main injection in order to bring the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas into a state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the flowing-in exhaust gas is in a vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ≈1) or into a rich state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ<1), so as to reduce the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45. (Conventionally, such a control for reducing the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is called a “DeNOx control”.)
The PCM 60 consists of a computer including: a CPU, various types of programs configured to be interpreted and executed by the CPU (including a basic control program such as an OS, and an application program to be executed on such an OS for achieving a specific function), and an inside memory such as ROM and/or RAM for storing such programs and/or various data.
<Fuel Injection Control>
Next, an operational flow of the fuel injection control in the present embodiment is explained. The flow of the fuel injection control is started when an ignition switch of the vehicle is turned on to power the PCM 60, and is repeatedly performed in a predetermined cycle.
First, the PCM 60 obtains a driving state of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least the accelerator open degree detected by the accelerator open-degree sensor 150, the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 151, the crank angle detected by the crank-angle sensor 100, and a current gear position that has been set at a transmission of the vehicle.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 sets a target acceleration based on the obtained driving state of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 selects an acceleration performance map corresponding to the current vehicle speed and the current gear position among a plurality of acceleration performance maps defined for various vehicle speeds and various gear positions (made in advance and stored in a memory or the like), and determines a target acceleration corresponding to the current accelerator open degree with reference to the selected acceleration performance map.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 determines a target torque of the engine E for achieving the target acceleration. In this case, the PCM 60 determines the target torque within a torque range that the engine E can output, based on the current vehicle speed, the current gear position, the current road gradient, the current road surface μ, or the like.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 determines a fuel injection amount to be injected from the fuel injector valve 20, based on the target torque and the current engine rotation speed. The fuel injection amount is a fuel injection amount applied in the main injection (main injection amount).
On the other hand, in parallel to the above flow from the setting step of the target acceleration until the calculating step of the fuel injection amount, the PCM 60 sets a fuel injection pattern based on the driving state of the engine E. Specifically, the PCM 60 sets a fuel injection pattern applied in the post injection for a case wherein the DeNOx control is performed.
In the case, the PCM 60 determines a fuel injection amount applied in the post injection (post injection amount) and/or a timing at which the post injection is performed (post injection timing). The details are explained in the following item <DeNOx Control>.
The PCM 60 controls the fuel injection valve 20 based on the calculated main injection amount and the set fuel injection pattern (including the post injection amount and the post injection timing when the post injection is performed). That is, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injection valve 20 such that a desired amount of fuel is injected according to a desired fuel injection pattern.
<DeNOx Control>
The PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to perform a DeNOx control in which the fuel injection valve 20 executes a post injection so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is continuously set to a target air-fuel ratio, which is in a vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, in order to lower the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 to almost zero, when the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is larger than a predetermined amount, typically when the amount of the occluded NOx is in a vicinity of a limit value (hereinafter, called “active DeNOx control”). Thereby, the NOx whose large amount has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is forcibly reduced, so that purification performance of the NOx by the NOx catalyst 45 is securely assured.
In addition, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to perform another DeNOx control in which the fuel injection valve 20 executes a post injection so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is temporarily set to a target air-fuel ratio, in order to reduce the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, when the vehicle is accelerated and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is changed into a rich side, even when the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is not larger than the predetermined amount (hereinafter, called “passive DeNOx control”). In the passive DeNOx control, using a state wherein the main injection amount is increased and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is decreased, such as an accelerating state, the post injection is executed so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is set to a target air-fuel ratio which is in a vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Thus, compared with a DeNOx control in a state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is not decreased (that is, a not-accelerating state), the post injection amount required for setting the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio is smaller. In addition, the passive DeNOx control is performed during each acceleration, so that it is expected that the passive DeNOx control is performed relatively often.
In the present embodiment, since such a passive DeNOx control is applied, the DeNOx control can be performed with a high frequency while preventing deterioration of fuel efficiency, which might be caused by any other DeNOx control. It takes only a relatively short time to perform each passive DeNOx control. However, since the passive DeNOx control is performed with a high frequency, the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 can be efficiently lowered. As a result, the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is not likely to be larger than the predetermined amount, so that performance frequency of the active DeNOx control, which requires a post injection amount larger than that for the passive DeNOx control, can be lowered. This makes it possible to effectively improve the deterioration of fuel efficiency.
In addition, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment sets the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to a target air-fuel ratio, by burning the post-injected fuel in a cylinder of the engine E, when the above active DeNOx control is performed. In this case, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at a timing when the post-injected fuel is burned in the cylinder. Specifically, the PCM 60 sets a predetermined timing within a former half of the expansion stroke of the engine E as a timing for the post injection in the active DeNOx control. The injection timing is for example ATDC45° C.A. Since such a timing for the post injection is applied for the active DeNOx control, it is prevented that the post-injected fuel is discharged as unburned fuel (that is, HC) and/or that the post-injected fuel dilutes oil.
On the other hand, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment sets the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to a target air-fuel ratio, by discharging the post-injected fuel to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel without burning in the cylinder of the engine E, when the above passive DeNOx control is performed. In this case, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at a timing when the post-injected fuel is not burned in the cylinder but discharged to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel. Specifically, the PCM 60 sets a predetermined timing within a latter half of the expansion stroke of the engine E as a timing for the post injection in the passive DeNOx control. The injection timing is for example ATDC110° C.A. In principle, the timing for the post injection in the passive DeNOx control is set on a lag side with respect to the timing for the post injection in the active DeNOx control. Since such a timing for the post injection is applied for the passive DeNOx control, it is prevented that the post-injected fuel is burned in the cylinder to generate smoke (soot).
<Driving Ranges for performing Passive DeNOx Control and Active DeNOx Control>
Herein, with reference to
As shown in
As described above, when the active DeNOx control is performed, the post injection is executed at a timing at which the post-injected fuel is burned in the cylinder in view of inhibiting generation of HC, which might be caused by the post-injected fuel being discharged as it is, and also inhibiting oil dilution, which might be caused by the post-injected fuel. In the present embodiment, when the post-injected fuel is burned, generation of smoke is inhibited, and generation of HC (that is, discharging unburned fuel that might be caused by incomplete combustion) is also inhibited. Specifically, a time period until the post-injected fuel is burned is secured as long as possible, so that ignition happens in a state the air and the fuel are suitably mixed. This inhibits the generation of smoke and HC. Thus, when the active DeNOx control is performed, a suitable amount of EGR gas is introduced, which effectively lags the ignition of the post-injected fuel.
The reasons why the generation of HC is to be inhibited in the active DeNOx control are to prevent the gas passage from clogging by the soot bonded with the HC which serves as a binder, when the EGR gas is introduced as described above and the HC is circulated into the intake system IN as (a part of) the EGR gas. In addition, the reasons are to prevent the HC from being discharged without being purified, when the active DeNOx control is performed in a driving region wherein the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is so low that purification performance of HC (purification performance of HC by the DOC 45a in the NOx catalyst 45) is not assured. (The active DeNOx performing range R12 may include such an area wherein the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is so low that purification performance of HC is not assured.)
In addition, the reasons why the generation of smoke is to be inhibited in the active DeNOx control are to inhibit deterioration of the fuel efficiency, which might be caused if DPF regeneration (which controls a post injection similarly to the DeNOx control) for burning and removing the PM collected by the DPF 46 is performed with a high frequency, although the PM corresponding to the smoke is collected by the DPF 46.
Herein, when the engine load is high, air introduced into the engine E is throttled to achieve a target air-fuel ratio, which causes shortage of oxygen necessary to suitably burn the post-injected fuel, and thus the smoke and/or the HC are likely to be generated. In particular, when the engine load is high, the temperature of the inside of the cylinder becomes high, which makes it impossible to suitably secure the time period until the post-injected fuel is ignited. That is, combustion may happen in a state the air and the fuel are not suitably mixed, which may generates the smoke and/or the HC. On the other hand, when the engine load is within a considerably low range, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is so low that the NOx reduction function of the NOx catalyst 45 cannot be sufficiently exerted. In addition, in this range, the post-injected fuel is not suitably burned, that is, misfire may happen.
In the above, phenomena regarding the engine load are explained, but similar phenomena happen regarding the engine rotation speed.
As stated above, according to the present embodiment, the driving range of the engine E corresponding to the middle load range and the middle rotation speed range is adopted as the active DeNOx performing range R12 for performing an active DeNOx control. In other words, according to the present embodiment, an active DeNOx control is performed only in the active DeNOx performing range R12. An active DeNOx control is forbidden in a driving range out of the active DeNOx performing range R12. In the driving range of the engine E in which the active DeNOx control is forbidden, in particular in a range which is on a higher load or higher rotation speed side compared with the active DeNOx performing range R12 (a range shown by the sign R13), the purification performance of the NOx by the SCR catalyst 47 is sufficiently assured. Thus, the NOx is purified by the SCR catalyst 47, which can prevent the NOx from being discharged from the vehicle without performing the DeNOx control.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in a range which is on a further higher load side compared with the range R13 for purifying the NOx by the SCR catalyst 47 (a range shown by the sign R11, hereinafter called “passive DeNOx performing range R11”), the amount of the exhaust gas is so larger that the NOx is not fully purified by the SCR catalyst 47, and thus the passive DeNOx control is performed. In the passive DeNOx control, as described above, the post injection is performed at a timing when the post-injected fuel is not burned in the cylinder but discharged to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel. In the passive DeNOx performing range R11, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is so high that the purification performance of the HC (purification performance of the HC by the DOC 45a in the NOx catalyst 45) is secured. Thus, the so discharged unburned fuel can be securely purified by the NOx catalyst 45.
In the passive DeNOx control, if the post-injected fuel is burned in the cylinder in the same way as in the active DeNOx control, the smoke may be generated. The reasons are the same as those why the active DeNOx control is forbidden when the engine load is high.
Herein, explained is a specific example of the active DeNOx control when the driving state of the engine changes as shown by the arrow A11 in
<Relationship Between Purification Performance and Temperature Range of Respective Catalysts>
As shown in
<Post Injection Amount>
Next, explained is a calculation flow of the post injection amount to be applied in the DeNOx control (hereinafter, called “post injection amount for DeNOxI) in the present embodiment. The calculation flow of the post injection amount for DeNOx is repeatedly performed in a predetermined cycle, in parallel to the above flow of the fuel injection control. That is, the post injection amount for DeNOxI is calculated at any time while the fuel injection control is performed.
First, the PCM 60 obtains the driving state of the engine E. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least an amount of the intake air detected by the air flow sensor 101, oxygen density detected by the O2 sensor 111 and a main injection amount calculated by the flow of the fuel injection control. In addition, the PCM 60 obtains an amount of the exhaust gas circulated into the intake system IN by the EGR system 43 (an amount of the EGR gas), which is obtained by a predetermined model or the like. Furthermore, the PCM 60 obtains an NH3 absorption amount that is an amount of the NH3 absorbed in (sticking to) the SCR catalyst 47. As the NH3 absorption amount, an estimated value of an amount of the NH3 is used, which is estimated at any time based on: a urea injection amount injected from the urea injection valve; a generation amount of the NH3 generated in the DeNOx control; and an estimated value of an amount of the NOx supplied to the SCR catalyst estimated based on the driving state of the engine and the purification efficiency of the NOx catalyst. However, the NH3 absorption amount may be obtained by another method. For example, the SCR catalyst 47 may be provided with an NH3-absorption-amount detecting sensor 47n configured to detect an NH3 absorption amount.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 sets a target air-fuel ratio to be applied for reducing the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, based on the estimated NH3 absorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47. Specifically, the PCM 60 sets a target air-fuel ratio to be applied for performing an active DeNOx control and a target air-fuel ratio to be applied for performing a passive DeNOx control, respectively, based on the NH3 absorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47. The setting method of the target air-fuel ratio(s) is explained later with reference to
Subsequently, the PCM 60 calculates a post injection amount (post injection amount for DeNOx) required to achieve the set target air-fuel ratio. That is, the PCM 60 determines how much the post injection amount should be applied in addition to the main injection amount in order to bring the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas into the target air-fuel ratio. In this case, the PCM 60 calculates a post injection amount for achieving a set target air-fuel ratio for performing an active DeNOx control and a post injection amount for achieving a set target air-fuel ratio for performing a passive DeNOx control, respectively.
<Setting of Target Air-Fuel Ratio>
In
A graph G11 shows a target air-fuel ratio to be set based on an NH3 absorption amount of the NH3 absorbed (stuck) in the SCR catalyst 47, when a passive DeNOx control is performed. A graph G12 shows a target air-fuel ratio to be set based on an NH3 absorption amount of the NH3 absorbed (stuck) in the SCR catalyst 47, when an active DeNOx control is performed.
When a target air-fuel ratio is set on a richer side in the range R21, the amount of HC and/or H2O, that is, the total amount of the “H” components, supplied to the NOx catalyst 45 is increased, which results in increase of the NH3 generation amount of the NH3 generated from the NOx catalyst 45.
In the graphs G11 and G12, when the NH3 absorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 is relatively small, the target air-fuel ratio is set in a vicinity of the limit air-fuel ratio λ2, in order to increase the total amount of the “H” components in the exhaust gas and thus increase the NH3 generation amount of the NH3 generated from the SCR catalyst 47.
On the other hand, in the graphs G11 and G12, when the NH3 absorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 is relatively large, the target air-fuel ratio is set at a ratio relatively closer to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio λ1, dependently on the NH3 absorption amount in the SCR catalyst 47. Thereby, it can be inhibited that the NH3 generated from the NOx catalyst 45 by the DeNOx control is not fully absorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 to be discharged.
<Specific Example of Setting of Active DeNOx Control Performing Flag>
Next, a specific example of setting an active DeNOx control performing flag is explained. A flow of setting an active DeNOx control performing flag is repeatedly performed in a predetermined cycle by the PCM 60 or the like, in parallel to the above flow of the fuel injection control or the like.
First, the PCM obtains various information of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least a temperature of the NOx catalyst 45, a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47, and an NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst 45. In this case, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is estimated based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 112 located on the side just upstream of the NOx catalyst 45. The temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 is estimated based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 117 located on the side just upstream of the SCR catalyst 47. In addition, an amount of NOx in the exhaust gas is estimated based on the driving state of the engine E, the flow amount of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas and the like, and then the NOx occlusion amount is estimated by adding up the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 judges whether the obtained SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature (for example, 300° C.). When the judgment result is NOx the PCM 60 judges whether the flow amount of the exhaust gas is smaller than a predetermined value.
When the SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature, or when the SCR temperature is not smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the flow amount of the exhaust gas is not smaller than a predetermined value, the PCM 60 judges whether a predetermined time period has passed after a start of the engine E. When the judgment result is YES, the PCM 60 sets “1” as the active DeNOx control performing flag, in order to allow a performance of the active DeNOx control. When the predetermined time period has not passed after the start of the engine E, the PCM 60 judges whether the NOx occlusion amount is not smaller than a first threshold (for example, 4 g). When the NOx occlusion amount is equal to or larger than the first threshold, the PCM 60 sets “1” as the active DeNOx control performing flag, in order to allow a performance of the active DeNOx control. Then, the process is completed.
When the SCR temperature is not smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the flow amount of the exhaust gas is smaller than the predetermined value (in this case, the DeNOx control is performed mainly only by the SCR catalyst 47), or when the SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the predetermined time period has not passed after the start of the engine E and the NOx occlusion amount is smaller than the first threshold (in this case, it is judged that the DeNOx control of the NOx catalyst 45 is still unnecessary), the PCM 60 sets “0” as the active DeNOx control performing flag, in order to forbid a performance of the active DeNOx control. Then, the process is completed.
<Specific Example of Setting of Passive DeNOx Control Performing Flag>
Next, a specific example of setting a passive DeNOx control performing flag is explained. A flow of setting a passive DeNOx control performing flag is also repeatedly performed in a predetermined cycle by the PCM 60 or the like, in parallel to the above flow of the fuel injection control, the above flow of setting the active DeNOx control performing flag, or the like.
First, the PCM obtains various information of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least a temperature of the NOx catalyst 45, a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47, a target torque determined by the above flow of the fuel injection control, a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated by the above calculation flow of the post injection amount for DeNOx (specifically, a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated to be applied in a passive DeNOx control), and an NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst 45. The way how to obtain (determine) the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45, the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 and the NOx occlusion amount is the same as described for the active DeNOx control.
Subsequently, the PCM 60 judges whether the obtained SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature (for example, 300° C.). When the judgment result is NOx the PCM 60 judges whether the flow amount of the exhaust gas is smaller than a predetermined value.
When the SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature, or when the SCR temperature is not smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the flow amount of the exhaust gas is not smaller than a predetermined value, the PCM 60 judges whether the NOx occlusion amount is not smaller than a second threshold (for example, 2 g). When the NOx occlusion amount is equal to or larger than the second threshold, the PCM 60 sets “1” as the passive DeNOx control performing flag, in order to allow a performance of the passive DeNOx control. Then, the process is completed.
When the SCR temperature is not smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the flow amount of the exhaust gas is smaller than the predetermined value (in this case, the DeNOx control is performed mainly only by the SCR catalyst 47), or when the SCR temperature is smaller than the SCR judgment temperature and the NOx occlusion amount is smaller than the second threshold (in this case, it is judged that the DeNOx control of the NOx catalyst 45 is still unnecessary), the PCM 60 sets “0” as the passive DeNOx control performing flag, in order to forbid a performance of the passive DeNOx control. Then, the process is completed.
<Active DeNOx Control According to the Present Embodiment>
Next, with reference to
First, at a step S401, the PCM obtains various information of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least a load of the engine, a rotation speed of the engine, a temperature of the NOx catalyst 45, a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated by the above calculation flow of the post injection amount for DeNOx (specifically, a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated to be applied in an active DeNOx control), and a value of the active DeNOx control performing flag set by the above flow of setting the active DeNOx control performing flag.
Subsequently, at a step S402, the PCM 60 judges whether the active DeNOx control performing flag obtained at the step S401 is “1” or not. That is, the PCM 60 judges whether the active DeNOx control should be performed or not. When the active DeNOx control performing flag is “1” (a step S402: Yes), the process proceeds to a step S403. On the other hand, when the active DeNOx control performing flag is “0” (a step S402: No), the process proceeds to
At the step S403, the PCM 60 judges whether the driving state of the engine (the load of the engine and the rotation speed of the engine) is included in the active DeNOx performing area R12 (see
Subsequently, at the step S405, the PCM 60 sets a post injection timing (post injection time) to be applied in the active DeNOx control.
In the present embodiment, when the active DeNOx control is performed, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is set (adjusted) to the target air-fuel ratio by burning the post-injected fuel in the cylinder. In order to burn such post-injected fuel in the cylinder, it is sufficient to perform a post injection at a timing on a relatively advanced-angle side within the expansion stroke. However, if the post injection timing is at a too much advanced angle, ignition happens in a state wherein the air and the fuel are not suitably mixed to each other, which generates the smoke. Thus, in the present embodiment, the post injection timing is set on a suitably advanced-angle side. Specifically, a suitable timing within a first half of the expansion stroke is adopted as a post injection timing for the active DeNOx control. In addition, a suitable amount of the EGR gas is introduced during the active DeNOx control. For these reasons, the ignition of the post-injected fuel is lagged, which can inhibit generation of the smoke or the like.
With reference to
Subsequently, at a step S406, the PCM 60 judges whether the post injection amount for DeNOx control obtained at the step S401 is smaller than a predetermined judgment value for post injection amount.
As a judgment result of the step S406, when the post injection amount for DeNOx control is smaller than the predetermined judgment value for post injection amount (step S406: Yes), the process proceeds to a step S407. At the step S407, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injection valve 20 in order to perform a post injection of the post injection amount for DeNOx obtained by the step S401. In fact, the PCM 60 performs the process of the step S407 during the above flow of the fuel injection control. Then, the process proceeds to a step S410.
On the other hand, when the post injection amount for DeNOx is not smaller than the judgment value for post injection amount (step S406: Yes), the process proceeds to a step S408. At the step S408, the PCM 60 performs a control of lowering oxygen density in the air introduced to the engine E, in order to set (adjust) the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to the target air-fuel ratio by a post injection amount not beyond the judgment value for post injection amount (specifically, the judgment value for post injection amount itself is used as the post injection amount for DeNOx). In this case, the PCM 60 performs at least one of: a control of driving the intake shutter valve 7 in a valve-closing direction (this is shown in
In addition, the intake shutter valve 7 is set to be fully open during a normal driving state of the engine E. On the other hand, during a DeNOx control, a DPF regeneration, an idle driving state, and the like, the intake shutter valve 7 is basically set to be at a base open degree that has been predetermined. During a driving state wherein no EGR gas is introduced, the intake shutter valve 7 is feedback controlled based on the supercharging pressure.
At the step S409, the PCM 60 applies the judgment value of post injection amount to the post injection amount for DeNOx, that is, sets the post injection amount for DeNOx using the judgment value of post injection amount, and controls the fuel injection valve 20 in order to perform a post injection according to the currently set post injection amount for DeNOx. In fact, the PCM 60 performs the process of the step S409 during the above flow of the fuel injection control. Then, the process proceeds to a step S410.
When the active DeNOx control is performed, the NOx catalyst 45 generates the NH3 when reducing the NOx occluded therein as described above, and discharges the generated NH3.
At the step S410, the PCM 60 judges whether the amount of the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is lowered to almost zero. When the NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst 45 is lowered to almost zero (step S410: Yes), the process is finished. In this case, the PCM 60 finishes the active DeNOx control.
On the other hand, when the NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst 45 is not lowered to almost zero (step S410: Yes), the process goes back to the step S403. In this case, the PCM 60 continues the active DeNOx control. That is, the PCM 60 continues the active DeNOx control until the amount of the NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is lowered to almost zero. In particular, even when the conditions for performing the active DeNOx control become unfulfilled and the active DeNOx control is stopped, thereafter if the conditions for performing the active DeNOx control are fulfilled again, the DeNOx control is resumed so that the NOx occlusion amount of the NOx catalyst 45 is lowered to almost zero.
<Passive DeNOx Control According to the Present Embodiment>
Next, with reference to
First, at a step S501, the PCM obtains various information of the vehicle. Specifically, the PCM 60 obtains at least a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated by the above calculation flow of the post injection amount for DeNOx (specifically, a post injection amount for DeNOx calculated to be applied in an passive DeNOx control), and a value of the passive DeNOx control performing flag set by the above flow of setting the passive DeNOx control performing flag.
Subsequently, at a step S502, the PCM 60 judges whether the passive DeNOx control performing flag obtained at the step S501 is “1” or not. That is, the PCM 60 judges whether the passive DeNOx control should be performed or not. When the passive DeNOx control performing flag is “1” (a step S502: Yes), the process proceeds to a step S503. On the other hand, when the passive DeNOx control performing flag is “0” (a step S502: No), the passive DeNOx control is not performed and the process is finished.
At the step S503, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injection valve 20 in order to perform a post injection of the post injection amount for DeNOx obtained by the step S501. That is, the passive DeNOx control is performed. In fact, the PCM 60 performs the process of the step S503 during the above flow of the fuel injection control. Then, the process proceeds to a step S502.
When the passive DeNOx control is performed, the NOx catalyst 45 generates the NH3 when reducing the NOx occluded therein as described above, and discharges the generated NH3.
At the step S504, the PCM 60 judges whether the passive DeNOx control performing flag has changed to “0” or not. As a result, if the passive DeNOx control performing flag has changed to “0” (step S504: Yes), the process is finished. In this case, the PCM 60 finishes the passive DeNOx control. On the other hand, if the passive DeNOx control performing flag has not changed to “0” (step S504: No), that is, if the passive DeNOx control performing flag is still maintained “1”, the process goes back to the step S503. In this case, the PCM 60 continues the passive DeNOx control. That is, the PCM 60 continues the passive DeNOx control until the passive DeNOx control performing flag is switched from “1” to “0”.
<Injection Control of Urea Injector>
Next, an injection control of the urea injector 51 according to the present embodiment is explained. The injection control is performed when the purification (reduction) of NOx by the SCR catalyst 47 is performed.
Specifically, the engine system 200 of the present embodiment is configured to perform the purification of NOx, (1) mainly only by the SCR catalyst 47, when a flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is smaller than a predetermined threshold and when a temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 detected by the SCR-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 47t is smaller than a predetermined threshold (for example, 300° C.); and (2) both by the NOx catalyst 45 and by the SCR catalyst 47, when a flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detector sensor 45f is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold.
When the purification of NOx is performed mainly only by the SCR catalyst 47, the injection control of the urea injector 51 is performed dependently on a difference between the current NH3 absorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 and a target NH3 absorption amount.
When both the purification of NOx by the NOx catalyst 45 and the purification of NOx by the SCR catalyst 47 are performed, based on the flow shown in
Herein, as shown in
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47, based on the sum of the reduction amount determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72.
For example, when both the SCR catalyst and the NOx catalyst are used, the injection amount of the urea injection valve is adjusted sequentially in conjunction with a DeNOx control of the NOx catalyst. When only the NOx catalyst is mainly used for the purification of NOx, the injection amount of the urea injection valve is adjusted when the urea injection is started in an NOx purification range by the SCR catalyst. For example, when an amount of the NH3 equal to or larger than the target NH3 absorption amount is absorbed in (stuck to) the SCR catalyst due to the NH3 introduction by the DeNOx control, the urea injection is limited until the amount of the NH3 becomes smaller than the target NH3 absorption amount. In addition, when the amount of the NH3 is smaller than the target NH3 absorption amount, the urea injection amount is adjusted so that it is reduced by the amount of the NH3 introduced by the DeNOx control.
<(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx Catalyst>
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51, in a state wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 45 is rich and the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is reduced to N2. Specifically, a reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set smaller when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t is higher.
In the present embodiment, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set to vary less greatly as the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t varies, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is larger.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the DCU 70 has the first reduction amount determiner 71 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, and the second reduction amount determiner 72 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of Raw NOx.
The reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72, as the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t varies.
Each of the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary less greatly as the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t varies, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is larger.
The reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies. In the present embodiment, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set substantially constant no matter how the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t varies.
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47, based on the sum of the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72.
The above way for the DCU 70 to determine the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is based on experimental data shown in
In addition, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is increased from 20 g/s to 50 g/s, there is tendency wherein the amount of the generated NH3 reduces less greatly (the gradient is smaller) as the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised.
In the first reduction amount determiner 71, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
In addition, even when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is increased from 20 g/s to 50 g/s, the amount of the generated NH3 hardly changes (it is difficult to visually recognize the change from the graph).
In the second reduction amount determiner 72, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
<(2) Control Mainly Considering Flow Amount of Exhaust Gas>
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51, by mainly considering the flow amount of the exhaust gas, as an alternative to the above <(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx catalyst>. Specifically, a reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set larger when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is larger.
In addition, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is in a range equal to or larger than a predetermined first threshold (for example, 25 g/s), the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set to vary less greatly, compared with in a range smaller than the first threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
In addition, as described above, the DCU 70 in the present embodiment has the first reduction amount determiner 71 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, and the second reduction amount determiner 72 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of Raw NOx.
In addition, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is in a range smaller than a predetermined second threshold (for example, 25 g/s), the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
To the contrary, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is in a range equal to or larger than the predetermined second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary less greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
In the present embodiment, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set substantially constant no matter how the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
In addition, in the present embodiment, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is in the range smaller than the predetermined second threshold, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary more greatly as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t is higher.
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47, based on the sum of the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72.
The above way for the DCU 70 to determine the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is based on experimental data shown in
In addition, there is also tendency wherein, when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is higher, the amount of the generated NH3 is smaller. As described in the above <(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx catalyst>, the inventors consider that the reason therefor is as follows. In the NOx catalyst 45, both a reaction generating NH3 (for example, BaNO3+CO+H2→NH3, NO+CO+H2→NH3) and a reaction consuming (decomposing) the NH3 (BaNO3+NH3→N2, NO+NH3→N2) occur, but the former reaction is more dominant than the latter one when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is higher.
In addition, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is increased from 20 g/s to 50 g/s, there is tendency wherein the amount of the generated NH3 reduces less greatly (the gradient is smaller) as the flow amount of the exhaust gas is increased. In particular, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined first threshold (for example, 25 g/s), the amount of the generated NH3 is increased less greatly, compared with in the range smaller than the first threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas is increased. The inventors consider that the reason therefor is as follows. When the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined first threshold, diffusion of the exhaust gas has an effect on inhibition of the reaction generating the NH3.
In the first reduction amount determiner 71, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
To the contrary, when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined second threshold, the amount of the generated NH3 in the purification process of the Raw NOx varies less greatly (substantially keeps constant) against the variation of the flow amount of the exhaust gas, compared with the variation of the amount of the generated NH3 in the purification process of the occluded NOx against the variation of the flow amount of the exhaust gas (see
In the second reduction amount determiner 72, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
<(3) Control Considering Amount of Reducing Agent>
The PCM 60 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51, by considering the amount of the reducing agent (HC, CO), in addition to the above <(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx catalyst> or the above <(2) Control Mainly Considering Flow Amount of Exhaust Gas>, or as an alternative to any of them. Specifically, an amount of the reducing agent can be obtained (known) from the target air-fuel ratio set by the PCM 60. A reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set larger when the target air-fuel ratio set by the PCM 60 is smaller and thus when the amount of the reducing agent is judged to be larger (in the present embodiment, the PCM 60 serves as a reducing agent amount detector).
In addition, as described above, the PCM 60 in the present embodiment has the first reduction amount determiner 71 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, and the second reduction amount determiner 72 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of Raw NOx.
The reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72, as the amount of the reducing agent estimated by the PCM 60 (reducing agent amount detector) varies.
In addition, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set larger when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is larger.
In addition, when the estimated amount of the reducing agent is in a range equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold (for example, a threshold corresponding to an air-fuel ratio of 0.97), the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary less greatly, compared with in a range smaller than the threshold, as the estimated amount of the reducing agent varies.
In the present embodiment, when the estimated amount of the reducing agent is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold (for example, a threshold corresponding to an air-fuel ratio of 0.97), the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set substantially constant no matter how the amount of the reducing agent estimated by the PCM 60 (reducing agent amount detector) varies.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set to vary at a substantially constant gradient as the amount of the reducing agent estimated by the PCM 60 (reducing agent amount detector) varies.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to vary more greatly in the range smaller than the above threshold, compared with in the range equal to or larger than the above threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
The PCM 60 is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47, based on the sum of the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72.
The above way for the DCU 70 to determine the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is based on experimental data shown in
In the first reduction amount determiner 71, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
In addition, when the estimated amount of the reducing agent is in the range equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold (for example, a threshold corresponding to an air-fuel ratio of 0.97), the amount of the generated NH3 varies less greatly (substantially keeps constant), compared with in the range smaller than the threshold, as the estimated amount of the reducing agent varies.
In addition, when the estimated amount of the reducing agent is in the range smaller than the threshold, the amount of the generated NH3 varies more greatly, compared with in the range equal to or larger than the threshold, as the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f varies.
In the second reduction amount determiner 72, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
<(4) Control Considering Thermal Deterioration of NOx Catalyst>
The DCU 70 of the present embodiment is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51, by considering thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45, in addition to (in combination with) the above <(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx catalyst> or the above <(2) Control Mainly Considering Flow Amount of Exhaust Gas> or the above <(3) Control Considering Amount of Reducing Agent>, or as an alternative to any of them, or in further addition to (in further combination to) the combined control of the above <(1) Control Considering Temperature of NOx catalyst> or the above <(2) Control Mainly Considering Flow Amount of Exhaust Gas> with the above <(3) Control Considering Amount of Reducing Agent>. Specifically, a reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the DCU 70 is set larger when the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45 is estimated to be larger by the PCM 60 (in the present embodiment, the PCM 60 serves as an NOx-catalyst thermal deterioration detector).
For example, the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45 may be estimated based on a running distance, which is one of various information of the vehicle. In this case, information of the running distance and/or information of the degree of the thermal deterioration ( ), which may be derived as a function of the running distance, may be stored in the inside memory of the PCM 60.
Alternatively, the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45 may be estimated based on an elapsed time from manufacture of the NOx catalyst 45. For example, information regarding a manufacture point in time of the NOx catalyst 45 may be stored in the inside memory of the PCM 60 or the DCU 70 as one of various information of the vehicle, and the PCM 60 or the DCU 70 may calculate an elapsed time till the current point in time at a suitable timing, in order to obtain information of the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45.
As described above, the PCM 60 of the present embodiment has the first reduction amount determiner 71 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of NOx that has been occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, and the second reduction amount determiner 72 configured to determine a reduction amount corresponding to a purification process of Raw NOx.
The reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set to vary more greatly, compared with the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72, as the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45 estimated by the PCM 60 (NOx-catalyst thermal deterioration detector) varies.
Furthermore, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set substantially constant no matter how the degree of the thermal deterioration of the NOx catalyst 45 estimated by the PCM 60 (NOx-catalyst thermal deterioration detector) varies.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 is set smaller when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t is higher. (The reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72 is set to keep substantially constant even when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 detected by the NOx-catalyst-temperature detecting sensor 45t varies.)
The DCU 70 is configured to reduce and adjust the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47, based on the sum of the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the first reduction amount determiner 71 and the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea determined by the second reduction amount determiner 72.
The above way for the DCU 70 to determine the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is based on experimental data shown in
In the first reduction amount determiner 71, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
In the second reduction amount determiner 72, a correspondence table (or function) is prepared in advance in which: characteristics as shown in
<(5) Control Considering Amount of Oxygen Occluded in NOx Catalyst>
Herein,
The time chart shown in
When the parameter λ is decreased sufficiently (T=1137), the NOx becomes easy to be reduced. Thus, the amount of the NOx on the side downstream of the NSC is decreased. Finally, almost all of the NOx is reduced (T=1142). Thereafter, until a finishing command for the DeNOx control is given (T=1155), the parameter λ is controlled 0.98 or smaller, the NOx that has been occluded in the NSC is removed away and reduced, the DeNOx control for reducing and purifying the occluded NOx is continued (the Raw NOx is also purified).
On the other hand, as described above, the DeNOx control generates NH3. The graph (f) shows the estimated value of the amount of the generated NH3. When the parameter λ is decreased by the start of the DeNOx control, the amounts of the Raw HC and Raw CO are increased, and the oxygen that has occluded in the NSC (occluded oxygen) reacts with the Raw HC and the Raw CO, so that the Raw HC and Raw CO in the NSC which might generate NH3 are oxidized and disappear and thus no NH3 is generated. The occluded oxygen in the NOx catalyst 45 is consumed by reacting with the NH3 generated by the reducing reaction of the NOx, and finally becomes zero.
When the amount of the occluded oxygen becomes zero, the HC and/or the CO start to appear in the NSC, which starts to generate the NH3. Therefore, although the amount of the generated NH3 is considered zero before T=1140, the amount of the generated NH3 starts to be estimated according to a control logic described below and shown in
Due to this delay, in the control wherein the supply amount of the urea to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injector 51 is reduced and adjusted, the assumption of the amount of the generated NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45 being zero is considered during a predetermined time after the start of the DeNOx control.
Herein, according to findings by the inventors, the reaction generating the NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45 is promoted more when the flow amount of the exhaust gas is larger and/or when the air-fuel ratio is richer. Thus, oxygen that has been released from the NOx catalyst 45 is consumed within a shorter time.
Thus, it is preferable that the above delay time is set shorter when the flow amount of the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust-gas flow amount detecting sensor 45f is larger and/or when the air-fuel ratio is richer.
In the above example, effects brought by the occluded oxygen are reflected by the delay. However, as an alternative method, an NOx-catalyst occluded-oxygen-amount detector may be provided (in which, for example, an amount of oxygen supplied to the NSC based on information such as the air flow sensor or the fuel injection amount is estimated, an amount of occluded oxygen is estimated based on the amount of the supplied oxygen, an amount of occluded oxygen consumed by the reaction with the HC and the CO is also estimated, and the current amount of occluded oxygen is estimated). The amount of the generated NH3 may be judged to be zero until the amount of the occluded oxygen detected or estimated by the NOx-catalyst occluded-oxygen-amount detector becomes zero.
In the above explanation, it should be understood that the state wherein the supply amount of the urea has not yet started to be reduced and adjusted means basically a state wherein the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is still zero, but also includes a state wherein the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is extremely a little.
If the control manner is defined further broader, this may be expressed as a manner wherein the reduction amount of the supply amount of the urea is set smaller when the amount of the occluded oxygen detected or estimated by the NOx-catalyst occluded-oxygen-amount detector is larger.
<(6) Injection Control of Urea Injector During DeNOx Control>
The injection control of the urea injector 51 during the DeNOx control as explained above is also applicable to an injection control or the urea injector 51 during a DeSOx control. The DeSOx control is performed when an S poisoned amount of the NOx catalyst 45 becomes equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, for example when PM regeneration of the NOx catalyst 45 is performed or when the running distance of the vehicle reaches a predetermined running distance.
However, during the DeSOx control, differently from the DeNOx control, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is maintained in a high-temperature state (600° C. to 650° C.), and an intermittent lean operation is performed in order to maintain the high-temperature state (for example, 30 sec rich→30 sec lean→30 sec rich→30 sec lean→ - - - ).
Thus, for the injection control of the urea injector 51 during the DeSOx control, it is necessary to modify the contents of the injection control of the urea injector 51 during the DeNOx control.
Specifically, during the DeSOx control, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is maintained in the high-temperature state (600° C. to 650° C.). Thus, a phenomenon that the occluded NOx is removed away without being reduced occurs (the NOx is supplied to the SCR catalyst 47 as it is). In addition, during the DeSOx control, since the intermittent lean operation is performed, the substantially air-fuel ratio is shifted to the lean side. These two phenomena reduce the amount of the generated NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45.
Thus, in the case wherein the characteristics as shown in
In this modification, it is preferable to consider the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 in order to correctly reflect the effects brought by the occluded NOx in the NOx catalyst 45 being removed away. When the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45 is smaller, the effects brought by the occluded NOx in the NOx catalyst 45 being removed away are also smaller.
Furthermore, in order to judge the amount of the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 45, it may be also effective to consider the S poisoned amount of the NOx catalyst 45. It is considered that, when the NOx catalyst 45 is S poisoned, the amount of the NOx occluded therein is smaller by an amount corresponding thereto. The S poisoned amount of the NOx catalyst 45 may be estimated based on an S generation map dependent on the engine driving state (the load of the engine, the rotation speed of the engine), which may be measured by experiments in advance.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-205445 | Oct 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/037231 | 10/13/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/074368 | 4/26/2018 | WO | A |
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| Entry |
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| Machine Translation JP 2008-190461 (Year: 2020). |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200056521 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
