Patent Application
20250012218
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to exhaust heat recovery, and more particularly to an exhaust heat recovery transport attached to a power generation transport and using the exhaust of the power generation transport for heat transfer.
Hydraulic fracturing has been commonly used by the oil and gas industry to stimulate production of hydrocarbon wells, such as oil and/or gas wells. Hydraulic fracturing, sometimes called “fracing” or “fracking,” is the process of injecting fracturing fluid, which is typically a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals, into the subsurface to fracture the subsurface geological formations and release otherwise encapsulated hydrocarbon reserves. The fracturing fluid is typically pumped into a wellbore at a relatively high pressure sufficient to cause fissures within the underground geological formations. Specifically, once inside the wellbore, the pressurized fracturing fluid is pressure pumped down and then out into the subsurface geological formation to fracture the underground formation. A fluid mixture that may include water, various chemical additives, and proppants (e.g., sand, or ceramic materials) is pumped into the underground formation to fracture the underground formation and promote the extraction of the hydrocarbon reserves, such as oil and/or gas.
Implementing large-scale fracturing operations at well sites typically require extensive investment in equipment, labor, and fuel. For instance, a typical fracturing operation uses a variety of fracturing equipment, numerous personnel to operate and maintain the fracturing equipment, large amounts of fuel to power the fracturing operations, and large volumes of fracturing fluid. Moreover, a single frac fleet may include 20+ semi-trailer loads of equipment including power generation trailers, fracturing trailers, hydration and blender trailers, sand silos, chemical storage containers, iron, hoses, cabling, data van, etc. It is desirable to improve operation and efficiency of the fracturing operations.
The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosed subject matter in order to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the technology disclosed herein. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
In some embodiments, an exhaust heat recovery apparatus is provided which comprises: an exhaust air connection configured to receive exhaust air from a separate power generation system; a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer thermal energy from the exhaust air to a source fluid to generate a heated source fluid; a valve configured to regulate a flow of the exhaust air from the exhaust air connection to a heat recovery flow path disposed with the heat transfer assembly and to a bypass flow path bypassing the heat transfer assembly; a control system configured to operate the valve to regulate the flow of the exhaust air; and an exhaust configured to release to atmosphere the exhaust air from at least one of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path.
In some embodiments, a system for heating source fluid is provided which comprises: a first transport including a power generation system; and a second transport. The second transport includes: a base frame; an exhaust air connection mounted to the base frame and configured to receive exhaust air from the power generation system; a heat transfer assembly mounted to the base frame and configured to transfer thermal energy from the exhaust air to a source fluid to generate a heated source fluid; a control system configured to operate a valve to regulate a flow of the exhaust air from the exhaust air connection to a heat recovery flow path disposed with the heat transfer assembly and to a bypass flow path bypassing the heat transfer assembly; and an exhaust mounted to the base frame and configured to release to atmosphere the exhaust air from at least one of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path.
In some embodiments, a method for heating source fluid is provided which comprises a plurality of steps. The steps include a step of receiving, at an exhaust air connection, a flow of exhaust air from a power generation system mounted on a separate power generation transport; and a step of transferring, in a heat transfer assembly, thermal energy from the received exhaust air to a source fluid to generate a heated source fluid. The steps further include a step of operating a valve to regulate the flow of the exhaust air from the exhaust air connection to a heat recovery flow path disposed with the heat transfer assembly and to a bypass flow path bypassing the heat transfer assembly; and maintaining a temperature of the heated source fluid within predetermined parameters by operating the valve. Still further, the steps include a step of releasing to atmosphere, via an exhaust, the exhaust air from at least one of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path; and discharging the heated source fluid from the heat transfer assembly.
For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.
While certain embodiments will be described in connection with the illustrative embodiments shown herein, the invention is not limited to those embodiments. On the contrary, all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents are included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In the drawings, which are not to scale, the same reference numerals are used throughout the description and in the drawing figures for components and elements having the same structure.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the inventive concept. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described. Moreover, the language used in this disclosure has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter, resort to the claims being necessary to determine such inventive subject matter. Reference in this disclosure to “one embodiment” or to “an embodiment” or “another embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, and multiple references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “another embodiment” should not be understood as necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to a singular entity unless explicitly so defined, but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The use of the terms “a” or “an” may therefore mean any number that is at least one, including “one,” “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” The term “or” means any of the alternatives and any combination of the alternatives, including all of the alternatives, unless the alternatives are explicitly indicated as mutually exclusive. The phrase “at least one of” when combined with a list of items, means a single item from the list or any combination of items in the list. The phrase does not require all of the listed items unless explicitly so defined.
As used herein, the term “transport” refers to any transportation assembly, including, but not limited to, a trailer, truck, skid, and/or barge used to transport relatively heavy structures, such as a gas turbine, a generator, air handling system, exhaust heat recovery apparatus, and the like.
As used herein, the term “trailer” refers to a transportation assembly used to transport relatively heavy structures, such as a gas turbine, a generator, air handling system, exhaust heat recovery apparatus, and the like, that can be attached and/or detached from a transportation vehicle used to pull or move the trailer. In one embodiment, the trailer may include the mounts and manifold systems to connect the trailer to other equipment.
This disclosure pertains to capturing and utilizing exhaust heat from a mobile power generation system (e.g., power generation transport) to generate heated source fluid. In one or more embodiments, the mobile power generation system includes a turbine-electric generator system that generates hot exhaust air as a by-product of producing electric power. The hot exhaust air may be released into atmosphere from an exhaust stack mounted on a transport of the mobile power generation system (e.g., exhaust stack mounted directly on a gas turbine & generator transport of the mobile power generation system, or exhaust stack mounted on a separate inlet and exhaust transport positioned adjacent to the gas turbine & generator transport of the mobile power generation system). In some embodiments, rather than releasing all of the exhaust air into atmosphere from the exhaust stack, a portion of the hot exhaust air may be siphoned off from an exhaust air flow path of the exhaust stack prior to it being released into atmosphere. This portion of the hot exhaust air may flow via an exhaust air connection into a separate exhaust heat recovery system (e.g., exhaust heat recovery apparatus, exhaust heat recovery transport). The exhaust air connection can be coupled to the exhaust stack at the outlet of the exhaust stack, or at any point along the exhaust air flow path downstream of an outlet of a heat generation source.
The exhaust heat recovery transport may be configured to couple to the inlet and exhaust transport of the power generation system (e.g., couple to the exhaust collector or exhaust stack of the gas turbine) via an exhaust air connection to receive the portion of the hot exhaust air in a controlled manner and utilize the hot exhaust air to heat a source fluid flowing through a heat transfer assembly of the exhaust heat recovery transport.
In some embodiments, the heat transfer assembly (e.g., heat exchanger coils) is disposed in a heat recovery flow path of the exhaust heat recovery transport. The heat transfer assembly may perform a first heat exchange operation (e.g., air-to-liquid heat exchange operation) by allowing the source fluid (e.g., a mixture of water and glycol) to flow through the heat transfer assembly in a closed loop. As the source fluid flows within and through the heat transfer assembly, the exhaust heat recovery transport transfers thermal energy from the hot exhaust air flowing through the heat recovery flow path and coming in contact with the heat transfer assembly without transforming the source fluid into a gaseous state (e.g., steam). The heat exchanger coils can run dry, which refers to being able to receive exhaust heat while the source fluid is not flowing through the heat exchanger coils. In other words, the source fluid does not need to continuously flow through the heat exchanger coils to prevent melting or other damage when the heat exchanger coils are thermally heated by the exhaust heat.
In some embodiments, to control and manage the temperature of the source fluid, the exhaust heat recovery transport may include a bypass flow path for the hot exhaust air to bypass the heat transfer assembly and exit to atmosphere via an exhaust disposed on the exhaust heat recovery transport without passing through the heat transfer assembly. For example, one or more control valves may regulate the flow (e.g., flow rate) of the hot exhaust air to the heat transfer assembly along the heat recovery flow path and release excess hot exhaust air to a bypass duct of the bypass flow path.
Further, the exhaust heat recovery transport may include one or more sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, tank level sensors) to measure, e.g., a temperature, a flow rate, a pressure, and the like, of the incoming hot exhaust air, one or more pump assemblies (e.g., blowers) to pump the hot exhaust air through the heat recovery flow path and/or the bypass flow path, electric motors to drive the pump assemblies, one or more control drives to control and manage the electric motors (e.g., variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Still further, in some embodiments, to control and manage the source fluid temperature, the exhaust heat recovery transport may include one or more pump assemblies to pump the source fluid in the closed loop, electric motors to drive the pump assemblies, one or more control drives to control and manage the electric motors (e.g., variable frequency drives (VFDs)), and one or more control valves that regulate the source fluid flow rate, flow path, and temperature.
The exhaust heat recovery system may further include at least one exhaust. The exhaust may release to atmosphere the exhaust air received from the mobile power generation system and that has flowed through one or both of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path. In some embodiments, the exhaust heat recovery transport may include a first exhaust disposed downstream of the heat transfer assembly and on the heat recovery flow path and a second separate exhaust on the bypass flow path.
The control drives and control valves may be part of or communicate with a control system to manage operations of the exhaust heat recovery system. For example, the control system may operate one or more control valves to regulate a flow of the hot exhaust air along the heat recovery flow path and regulate a flow of the hot exhaust air along the bypass flow path to be released via the exhaust to atmosphere without passing through the heat transfer assembly. By controlling the flow rate of the hot exhaust air through the heat transfer assembly, the control system may achieve and maintain a temperature of the source fluid discharged from the heat transfer assembly within a predetermined range (e.g., within a predefined minimum and a predefined maximum temperature). For example, if the source fluid is approaching the predefined maximum temperature threshold, the control system may control to operate one or more control valves thereby causing the incoming hot exhaust air to bypass the heat transfer assembly by flowing via the bypass flow path and exit to atmosphere through the exhaust of the exhaust heat recovery apparatus without passing.
The heated source fluid discharged out of the heat transfer assembly may have many applications. For example, the heated source fluid may be utilized to perform a second heat exchange operation (e.g., liquid-to-air heat exchange operation) to generate “clean” hot air. The exhaust heat recovery transport may include one or more second heat transfer assemblies to perform one or more of the second heat exchange operations. Each second heat exchange operation may be performed on the exhaust heat recovery transport or at one or more different destinations separate from the exhaust heat recovery transport. The second heat exchange operation may include flowing clean ambient air through an air flow path disposed with a heat transfer assembly (e.g., heat exchanger coils) while allowing the heated source fluid (continuously heated by performing the first heat exchange operation) to flow through the heat exchanger coils, thereby heating the clean ambient air flowing through the air flow path. The clean, hot air can be used for different applications like forced air heating, indoor heating, outdoor equipment heating, etc.
The heated source fluid can also be used in a hydraulic fracturing context to provide heated source water to fluid storage equipment (e.g., fracture tanks or a fracturing pond), a hydration unit, a blender unit, a hydration-blender unit, and/or other hydraulic fracturing equipment. As another example, the heated source fluid can be used to provide hot liquid glycol wraps to heat equipment (e.g., pipes). As another example, the heated source fluid can be used to supply heat for other applications. One example of an alternate heat application would be a water evaporation system. Another example of an alternate heat application would be heating inlet midstream gas prior to supplying the gas to a gas skid for hydraulic fracturing operations.
In some embodiments, the mobile fracturing system 103 may comprise a power generation transport 102 (e.g., mobile source of electricity; power generation system; turbine-electric generator transport; inlet and exhaust transport) configured to generate electricity by converting hydrocarbon fuel, such as natural gas, obtained from one or more sources (e.g., a producing wellhead) at the well site 100, from a remote offsite location, and/or another relatively convenient location near the power generation transport 102. That is, the mobile fracturing system 103 may utilize the power generation transport 102 as a power source that burns cleaner while being transportable along with other fracturing equipment. The generated electricity from the power generation transport 102 may be supplied to fracturing equipment to power fracturing operations at one or more well sites, or to other equipment in various types of applications requiring mobile electric power generation.
The power generation transport 102 may be implemented as a single-trailer power generation transport. In other embodiments, the power generation transport 102 may be implemented using two or more transports, and components of the power generation transport 102 may be arranged on the two or more transports in any reasonable manner. For example, the power generation transport 102 may be implemented using a two-transport design in which a first transport may comprise a turbine (e.g., gas turbine) and a generator, and a second transport may comprise an air filter box providing filtered combustion air for the turbine, and an exhaust stack that securely provides an exhaust system for exhaust air from the turbine. As another example, the power generation transport 102 may be implemented using a three-transport design in which a first transport may include a gas turbine, a second transport may include a generator, and a third transport may include an air handling system that provides filtered intake air for combustion by the turbine. Different configurations (single-trailer, dual-trailer, or three-trailer configurations) of the power generation transport 102 are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 9,534,473, issued Jan. 3, 2017, to Jeffrey Morris et al and entitled “Mobile Electric Power Generation for Hydraulic Fracturing of Subsurface Geological Formations” (describing a dual-trailer configuration); U.S. Pat. No. 11,434,763, issued Sep. 6, 2022, to Jeffrey Morris et al and entitled “Single-Transport Mobile Electric Power Generation” (describing a single-trailer configuration); U.S. Pat. No. 11,512,632, issued Nov. 29, 2022, to Jeffrey Morris et al and entitled “Single-Transport Mobile Electric Power Generation” (describing a single-trailer configuration); and U.S. application Ser. No. 17/732,280, filed Apr. 28, 2022, by Jeffrey Morris et al and entitled “Mobile Electric Power Generation System” (describing a three-trailer configuration), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Although not shown in
In one embodiment, the power source may be a gas turbine. In another embodiment, power source may be another type of power source (e.g., diesel engine). The gas turbine may generate mechanical energy (e.g., rotation of a shaft) from a hydrocarbon fuel source, such as natural gas, liquefied natural gas, condensate, and/or other liquid fuels. For example, a shaft of the gas turbine may be connected to the gearbox and the generator such that the generator converts the supplied mechanical energy from the rotation of the shaft of the gas turbine to produce electric power. The gas turbine may be a commercially available gas turbine such as a General Electric NovaLT5 gas turbine, a Pratt and Whitney gas turbine, or any other similar gas turbine. The generator may be a commercially available generator such as a Brush generator, a WEG generator, or other similar generator configured to generate a compatible amount of electric power. For example, the combination of the gas turbine, the gearbox, and the generator within power generation transport 102 may generate electric power from a range of at least about 1 megawatt (MW) to about 60 MW (e.g., 5.6 MW, 32 MW, or 48 MW). Other types of gas turbine/generator combinations with power ranges greater than about 60 MW or less than about 1 MW may also be used depending on the application requirement.
In addition to the power generation transport 102, the mobile fracturing system 103 may include a switch gear transport 112, at least one blender transport 110, at least one data van 114, and one or more fracturing pump transports 108 that deliver fracturing fluid through the wellhead 111 to the subsurface geological formations. The switch gear transport 112 may receive electricity generated by the power generation transport 102 via one or more electrical connections. In one embodiment, the switch gear transport 112 may use 13.8 kilovolts (KV) electrical connections to receive power from the power generation transport 102. The switch gear transport 112 may transfer the electricity received from the power generation transport 102 to electrically connected fracturing equipment of the mobile fracturing system 103. The switch gear transport 112 may comprise a plurality of electrical disconnect switches, fuses, transformers, and/or circuit protectors to protect the fracturing equipment. In some embodiments, switch gear transport 112 may be configured to step down a voltage received from the power generation transport 102 to one or more lower voltages to power the fracturing equipment.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the exhaust air received by the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may be the hot exhaust air released from the exhaust of the gas turbine. In other embodiments, the exhaust air received by the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may further include ventilation and cooling exhaust air. The ventilation and cooling exhaust air may be released from the power generation transport 102 (e.g., from the gas turbine-generator transport) after passing through one or more flow paths to ventilate and cool one or more components mounted on the power generation transport 102. For example, the one or more components may include the gas turbine, the generator, transformers, variable frequency drivers, black start generator, and the like. Although not specifically shown in
Each fracturing pump transport 108 may receive the electric power from the switch gear transport 112 to power a prime mover. The prime mover converts electric power to mechanical power for driving one or more fracturing pumps of the fracturing pump transport 108. In one embodiment, the prime mover may be a dual shaft electric motor that drives two different frac pumps mounted to each fracturing pump transport 108. Each fracturing pump transport 108 may be arranged such that one frac pump is coupled to opposite ends of the dual shaft electric motor and avoids coupling the pumps in series. By avoiding coupling the pump in series, fracturing pump transport 108 may continue to operate when either one of the pumps fails or has been removed from the fracturing pump transport 108. Additionally, repairs to the pumps may be performed without disconnecting the system manifolds that connect the fracturing pump transport 108 to other fracturing equipment within the mobile fracturing system 103 and the wellhead 111. The fracturing pump transport 108 may implement (in whole or in part) a system for predicting frac pump component life intervals and setting a continuous completion event for a well completion design.
The blender transport 110 may receive electric power fed through the switch gear transport 112 to power a plurality of electric blenders. In one or more embodiments, the blender transport 110 may function independently from the switch gear transport 112 and the power generation transport 101 and be powered by other means such as a diesel engine or a natural gas reciprocating engine. A plurality of prime movers may drive one or more pumps that pump source fluid and blender additives (e.g., sand) into a blending tub, mix the source fluid and blender additives together to form fracturing fluid, and discharge the fracturing fluid to the fracturing pump transports 108. In one embodiment, the electric blender may be a dual configuration blender that comprises electric motors for the rotating machinery that are located on a single transport. In another embodiment, a plurality of enclosed mixer hoppers may be used to supply the proppants and additives into a plurality of blending tubs.
The data van 114 may be part of a control network system, where the data van 114 acts as a control center configured to monitor and provide operating instructions to remotely operate the exhaust heat recovery transport 101, the blender transport 110, the power generation transport 102, the fracturing pump transports 108, and/or other fracturing equipment within the mobile fracturing system 103. For example, the data van 114 may implement (in whole or in part) the control system for managing one or more heat transfer (e.g., air-to-liquid heat transfer, or liquid-to-air heat transfer) operations according to the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the data van 114 may communicate with the variety of fracturing equipment using a control network system that has a ring topology (or star topology). A ring topology may reduce the amount of control cabling used for fracturing operations and increase the capacity and speed of data transfers and communication.
Other fracturing equipment shown in
As shown in
The plurality of sensors may include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow rate sensors, and the like. For example, the sensors may be configured to measure a temperature, a flow rate, and/or a pressure of the hot exhaust air that is received via the exhaust air connection 210. The measurements may be taken at one or more points along one or more flow paths defined by the exhaust heat recovery transport for the hot exhaust air.
As another example, the sensors may be configured to measure a temperature, a flow rate, and/or a pressure of the source fluid flowing through the heat transfer assembly 225. The measurements for the source fluid may also be taken at one or more points along a flow path for the source fluid that may originate and terminate at the fluid source 230 in a closed loop.
In an operation mode, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may be positioned at a predetermined orientation and distance relative to the power generation transport 102 (e.g., inlet and exhaust transport in a two-trailer configuration of a power generation system) such that the exhaust air connection 210 of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 can be connected to an outlet (e.g., exhaust collector, exhaust stack, etc.) of the gas turbine of the power generation transport 102 via a connection (e.g., an S-joint, a flex joint, a fixed pipe). During the transportation mode, the connection connecting the exhaust air connection 210 to the outlet of the gas turbine may be disconnected to allow the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 and the power generation transport 102 to be separately and independently movable. As shown in
A byproduct of the power generation transport (e.g., inlet and exhaust transport) 102 is exhaust air that can range from about 600 degrees fahrenheit (° F.) to about 1300° F. (e.g., about 315 degrees Celsius (° C.) to about 704° C.). In the operation mode, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may be positioned adjacent to the power generation transport 102 and connected via the exhaust air connection 210 to receive some of (e.g., a portion of) of the hot exhaust air output from the power generation transport 102.
The blower 215 may be disposed on the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 and controlled by the control system 250 to regulate a flow rate of the hot exhaust air to the exhaust heat recovery transport 101. The blower 215, controlled by control system 250, allows the system to maintain a stream of exhaust air optimized to meet the needs of the heat transfer assembly 225. Ducts 220 may include a plurality of duct sections (e.g., 220A, 220B, 220C, 235) to define flow paths for the exhaust air flowing through the exhaust heat recovery transport 101. For example, a heat recovery flow path may correspond to a flow path that extends from the exhaust air connection 210 and through the duct section 220A, the blower 215, the duct section 220B, the valve assembly 240, the heat transfer assembly 225, the duct section 220C, and the exhaust 260. As another example, a bypass flow path may correspond to a flow path that extends from the exhaust air connection 210 and passes through the duct section 220A, the blower 215, the duct section 220B, the bypass duct 235, the duct section 220C, and the exhaust 260.
Although not shown in
Also, although not shown in
The heat transfer assembly 225 may be disposed on the heat recovery flow path to receive the hot exhaust air and extract thermal energy from the hot exhaust air by causing the air to come into contact with one or more heat conducting elements, such as heat exchanger coils 227 disposed within the heat transfer assembly 225.
The fluid source 230 may store the source fluid which may include, but is not limited to, water, or a water glycol mixture (e.g., 50% water, 50% glycol). Other fluids that have a high heat thermal transfer index can also be used as the source fluid. In one or more embodiments, transfer lines for the source fluid may be insulated. The fluid source 230 may correspond to any type of storage tank (e.g., container, bin, etc.) for storing the source fluid and that can handle the heated source fluid. An outlet of the fluid source 230 may connect to an inlet 231 to the heat conducting elements 227 of the heat transfer assembly 225. After passing through the heat transfer assembly 225 and absorbing the thermal energy, the heated source fluid may be discharged from an outlet 232 of the heat transfer assembly and sent to one or more destinations, such as one or more secondary heat transfer assemblies 270 (e.g., liquid-to-air heat transfer assemblies;
In some embodiments, the source fluid may flow through the heat transfer assembly 225 in an open loop configuration. That is, for example, the source fluid may be water or other mixture of one or more liquids (e.g., frac fluid), and the heat transfer assembly 225 may heat the liquid as it passes through the heat transfer assembly in a “one-way” configuration. The heated liquid may then directly be used for different applications, such as for pumping downhole into a wellbore as frac fluid. Thus, fresh liquid may continuously be supplied from a source to the heat transfer assembly 225, the liquid may be heated to a predetermined temperature, and the heated liquid may be discharged out of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 in the “one-way” configuration for use in different applications.
To control, maintain, and/or manage a temperature of the source fluid discharged from the outlet 232, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may include the control valve assembly 240 and the control system 250. The control valve assembly 240 may include at least one control valve and at least one actuator to control the operation of the control valve based on an instruction signal from the control system 250. The control valve may be any type of valve such as a butterfly valve, check valve, globe valve, ball valve, gate valve, diaphragm valve, and the like. The control valve may be a three-way valve adapted to distribute the incoming hot exhaust air flow between two separate flow paths: the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path, or route the entire air flow to one of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path. The actuator may utilize hydraulics, pneumatics, electronics, and the like to actuate the control valve based on an operation signal from the control system 250.
In some embodiments, the actuator may also include mechanical actuation components as a safety backup to close the control valve and stop the heat transfer operation in the heat transfer assembly 225 in case of an emergency. The control valve of the assembly 240 may be adapted to distribute the flow of the hot exhaust air between the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path based on the current actuation position of the valve. For example, when the valve is in a fully open position, the entire incoming flow of the hot exhaust air may be directed to the heat transfer assembly 225 via the heat recovery flow path. When the valve is in a fully closed position, the entire incoming flow of the hot exhaust air may be directed to bypass the heat transfer assembly and directly be released into atmosphere from the exhaust 260 via the bypass flow path. When the valve is in some intermediate position between the fully open and fully closed positions, the flow of the incoming hot exhaust air is distributed between the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path in proportion to the intermediate position. The valve, controlled by the actuator and the control system 250, may be powered by power from power generation transport 102 to regulate the flow of exhaust air into heat transfer assembly 225, and to release excess exhaust air into atmosphere via the exhaust 260.
The control system 250 may include a controller (e.g., a programmable logic controller (PLC)) for controlling operations of the plurality of sensors, the one or more control drives (e.g., VFDs) that control and manage the electric motors, the blower 215, and the control valve assembly 240, to regulate the temperature of the source fluid from the fluid source 230.
In some embodiments, based on sensor data, the control system 250 may control operations of one or more components (e.g., pump assemblies, motors, control drives, control valve assembly 240, control manifold, etc.) of the exhaust heat recovery apparatus 101 to cause a temperature of the source fluid discharged from the outlet 232 to be maintained within a predetermined temperature range (e.g., between a predetermined minimum and maximum temperature (e.g., between 100° F.-800° F.), or at a predetermined target temperature (e.g., about 150° F.). For example, the sensor data may include data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the exhaust air flowing into the exhaust air connection 210, data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the exhaust air flowing through the duct section 220B, ambient air temperature data, data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the source fluid stored in the fluid source 230, data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the source fluid at the inlet 231 of the heat transfer assembly 225, data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the source fluid at the outlet 232 of the heat transfer assembly 225, data regarding the flow rate, pressure, and/or temperature of the source fluid at an inlet and/or outlet of the fluid source 230, and the like.
Thus, for example, if the temperature of the source fluid discharged from the outlet 232 is below a minimum threshold, the control system 250 may control to operate the control valve assembly 240 such that the control valve is in a fully open position, and the entire incoming flow of the hot exhaust air is delivered to the heat transfer assembly 225 via the heat recovery flow path. As another example, if the temperature of the source fluid discharged from the outlet 232 is above a maximum threshold, the control system 250 may control to operate the control valve assembly 240 such that the control valve is in a fully closed position, and the entire incoming flow of the hot exhaust air is directed to bypass the heat transfer assembly 225 and directly be released into atmosphere from the exhaust 260 via the bypass flow path. As another example, the control system 250 may regulate an operation speed of the blower 215 (e.g., to control the flow rate of the incoming hot exhaust air), and/or regulate one or more electric motors to regulate a flow rate of the source fluid flowing through the heat transfer assembly 225 based on the sensor data to manage the temperature of the source fluid and based on data regarding a current heat consumption state of the heated source fluid.
The heated source fluid discharged from the outlet 232 of the heat transfer assembly 225 may be discharged to one or more destinations. As shown in
Using
The configuration shown in
As the power load for the turbine-electric generator transport increases, so does the temperature and flow rate of the exhaust air. For example, when the turbine-electric generator transport experiences a zero percent power load, the temperature of the exhaust air could be about 600° F. and have an exhaust air flow rate of about 180,000 pounds per hour (lbs/hr). If the turbine-electric generator transport experiences about a 60 percent power load, the temperature of the exhaust air is about 880° F. with an exhaust air flow rate of about 570,000 (lbs/hr). Stated another way, for a fracturing operation context, when the turbine-electric generator transport is providing electric power to drive more frac pump assemblies, the turbine-electric generator transport provides more British thermal units (BTUs) than when the turbine-electric generator transport provides no electric power or the number of frac pump assemblies in use decreases. The temperature and flow rate of the exhaust air, thus, varies depending on the power load.
In some embodiment, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may utilize a pump assembly 502 (e.g., blower 215) and a control valve 504 to adjust a pumping pressure and flow rate of the hot exhaust air received from the power generation transport 102. In some embodiments, the pump assembly 502 may be omitted and the flow rate and pressure of the incoming hot exhaust air may depend on the power load of the gas turbine, the back pressure created, and the location of the exhaust interconnect.
The control valve 504 regulates the flow rate or amount of incoming exhaust air that bypasses the heat transfer assembly 225. The exhaust heat recovery transport 101 utilize the control valve 504 to regulate the temperature of the source fluid at the outlet 232 and prevent overheating of the source fluid. Thus, for example, if control manifold 520 is not utilizing the thermal energy of the heated source fluid for any application currently, the control system 250 may regulate control valve 504 to bypass the hot exhaust air via the bypass flow path 525 to release it to atmosphere via the exhaust 260.
In
The exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may further include a control manifold 520 to divert or discharge the heated source fluid from the outlet 232 to one or more destinations located on or off the exhaust heat recovery transport 101. For example, the control manifold 520 may include one or more control valves, pump assemblies, and manifolds to control discharge of the heated source fluid to one or more destinations, such as the one or more secondary heat exchange assemblies 270, other fracturing equipment 280, defrosting package system 290, back to the fluid source 230, and the like.
In one or more embodiments, the pump assemblies 502 and 506 may be driven by one or more electric motors. Examples of electric motors the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may utilize include induction motors and/or permanent magnet motors. The exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may also include the control system 250 to control one or more drives (e.g., VFDs) that monitor and control the electric motors. The electric motors and the other electronic components (e.g., control valves, actuators, control manifold) of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may be powered using a 480-volt power supply that either may be fed from a transformer located on the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 or provided via a 480-volt electrical connection. For example, a transformer mounted on the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 is configured to receive a relative higher voltage (e.g., 13.8 kilovolts) via an electrical connection (e.g., from the power generation transport 102) and step down the voltage level to 480-volts to power the electric components of the transport 101. In another example, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may not have a mounted transformer and instead receive power via a 480-volt electrical connection directly from other equipment (e.g., the power generation transport 102). Other embodiments of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 could utilize other voltages to power the electric components thereof.
The control system 250 may also include a controller to communicate with and operate the control valves 504, 508, and 509, and the control manifold 520, and one or more drives (e.g., VFDs) to regulate the temperature for the source fluid and route heated source fluid to various destinations. For example, the control system 250 may be configured to control the electric components of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 such that the source fluid circulates in a closed loop within the heat transfer assembly until it reaches a desired temperature. After the heat transfer assembly 225 increases the temperature of the source fluid to the desired or specific temperature, the control system 250 may operate the control valve 509 to discharge the heated source fluid out of the heat transfer assembly 225 to control manifold 520.
In
The controller may be a PLC or include a PLC that receives information from the sensors 510, such as fluid flow rate from one or more flow meters, temperature from one or more resistance temperature detection (RTD) sensors, pumping pressures from one or more pressure sensors and/or transmitters, sensors for measuring exhaust air temperature and flow rate. Based on the sensor information, the controller provides instructions to control valves 504, 508, 509, and control manifold 520 to control operations of the transport 101. By doing so, the controller may modify the source fluid's flow rate, pumping pressure, flow path, and/or the hot exhaust air's flow rate or flow path to obtain and maintain a target temperature for the source fluid and route the heated source fluid to desired destinations based on predetermined criteria or based on user operation. For example, the controller may communicate with a data van via a network connection and receive control instructions therefrom regarding routing the heated source fluid to one or more destinations based on the predetermined conditions (e.g., target temperature) being met.
As shown in embodiment of
At step 820, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 transfers, in a heat transfer assembly 225, thermal energy from the received exhaust air to a source fluid to generate a heated source fluid.
At step 830, a control system 250 of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 operates a valve (e.g., control valve 504, valve assembly 240) to regulate a flow of the exhaust air from the exhaust air connection 210 to a heat recovery flow path (e.g., flow path corresponding to duct sections 220A and 220B, valve assembly 240, heat transfer assembly 225, duct section 220C, and exhaust 260) disposed with the heat transfer assembly 225 and to a bypass flow path (e.g., flow path corresponding to duct sections 220A and 220B, bypass duct 235, duct section 220C, and exhaust 260; bypass flow path 525) that bypasses the heat transfer assembly 225. In some embodiments, the control system 250 is powered by the power generation transport 102.
At step 840, the control system 250 of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 controls to maintain a temperature of the heated source fluid (e.g., source fluid discharged from outlet 232) within predetermined parameters by operating the valve. In some embodiments, the control system 250 operates the valve to release excess exhaust air to atmosphere via the exhaust 260 and the bypass flow path to maintain a temperature of the heated source fluid at a target temperature and within a predetermined tolerance of the target temperature. In some embodiments, the control system 250 utilizes sensor data to maintain the temperature of the heated source fluid at the target temperature. In some embodiments, based on the sensor data, the control system 250 regulates a flow rate of the source fluid through the heat transfer assembly 225 to maintain the temperature of the heated source fluid at the predetermined target temperature.
At step 850, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 releases to atmosphere, via the exhaust 260, the exhaust air from at least one of the heat recovery flow path and the bypass flow path. In some embodiments, the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may include multiple exhausts, with one exhaust to release the exhaust air for the heat recovery flow path, and another exhaust to release the exhaust air for the bypass flow path. The exhaust 260 mounted on the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 is separate from the exhaust (e.g., exhaust stack) mounted on, e.g., the inlet and exhaust transport of the power generation system 102.
At step 860, the control system 250 of the exhaust heat recovery transport 101 may control to discharge the heated source fluid from the heat transfer assembly 225. The heated source fluid may then be controlled and released to one or more destinations for downstream heat transfer operations. For example, the heated source fluid may be routed (e.g., by the control manifold 520 controlled by the control system 250) to one or more secondary heat exchange assemblies 270 for generating forced hot air at one or more destinations at the wellsite. As another example, the heated source fluid may be routed to the defrosting package system 290 for use in hot liquid glycol wraps to thaw or heat equipment like tanks, pipes or the wellhead, or heat materials like frac fluid, water, chemicals, etc.
At least one embodiment is disclosed and variations, combinations, and/or modifications of the embodiment(s) and/or features of the embodiment(s) made by a person having ordinary skill in the art are within the scope of the disclosure. Alternative embodiments that result from combining, integrating, and/or omitting features of the embodiment(s) are also within the scope of the disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations may be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4, etc.; greater than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). The use of the term “about” means±10% of the subsequent number, unless otherwise stated.
Use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim means that the element is required, or alternatively, the element is not required, both alternatives being within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, and having may be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, and comprised substantially of. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is defined by the claims that follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated as further disclosure into the specification and the claims are embodiment(s) of the present disclosure.
While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.
In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled or directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise.
Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention therefore should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.”
