FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present technique relates to the field of expandable devices and methods. More particularly, the technique comprises an expandable device and a method related to an expandable device that has reduced axial shrinkage during radial deformation or expansion thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the production of sub-terrain fluids, such as oils or natural gas, a variety of expandable devices have been used to cultivate wellbore environments. For example, generally tubular devices, such as expandable liners, expandable sandscreens, well linings and well patches have been employed. These devices may be expandable devices which, under the proper stimuli, transition from a collapsed (small diameter) configuration to an expanded (large diameter) configuration. In many instances, expandable devices comprise a plurality of longitudinal slots or openings that increase in size as the device is expanded (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,366,012 and 5,667,011). These openings, if so desired, may be configured to permit the flow of desirable production fluids into the interior of the wellbore while simultaneously preventing the ingress of contaminants, such as sand.
Expandable devices are typically deployed downhole into the wellbore, while in their respective collapsed configurations. In other words, the diameter of the collapsed expandable device is less than that of the wellbore and, as such, the expandable device feeds easily into the wellbore. Once the expandable device is lowered to a desired location within the wellbore, a radial expansion force is applied to drive the device to an expanded configuration. Accordingly, the device may better conform to the interior surface of the wellbore.
If so desired, expandable devices may be coupled to form a conduit that extends for great distances below the Earth's surface. Indeed, wellbores may extend thousands of feet below the Earth's surface to reach production fluids disposed in subterranean geological formations commonly know as “reservoirs”.
In many traditional systems (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,366,012 and 5,667,011), however, an increase in the radial dimension of the device induces a decrease in the axial dimension thereof. In other words, as the device diameter increases, the device length decreases. Accordingly, it may be more difficult to properly position the device into the wellbore. Moreover, a change in axial length may lead to separation or damage of already coupled devices.
The present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of one or more of the problems set forth above, and can be useful in other applications as well.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a technique for forming an expandable device. The technique comprises forming an expansion compensation portion in an expandable device, e.g., an expandable tubular. The expansion compensation portion substantially limits axial contraction as the expandable device undergoes radial expansion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, and:
FIG. 1 is a depiction of a wellbore having a plurality of exemplary expandable devices disposed therein.
FIG. 2 is a depiction of a portion of an embodiment of an expandable device.
FIG. 3A is a depiction of a portion of an embodiment of an expandable device in a collapsed configuration.
FIG. 3B illustrates the device of FIG. 3A in an expanded configuration.
FIG. 4A is a depiction of a portion of another embodiment of an expandable device in a collapsed configuration.
FIG. 4B illustrates the device of FIG. 4A in an expanded configuration.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of an embodiment of a cell of an expandable device, the cell being in the collapsed configuration.
FIG. 6A is a depiction of a portion of another embodiment of an expandable device in a collapsed configuration.
FIG. 6B illustrates the device of FIG. 6A in an expanded configuration.
FIG. 7 is a flattened elevational view of an embodiment of an expandable device having a certain pattern of slots.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an expandable device having a cutout portion; and
FIG. 9 is a depiction of a wellbore having an embodiment of an expandable device disposed therein with an expansion mechanism for expanding the device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring generally to FIG. 1, an exemplary wellbore environment is illustrated.
For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a wellbore 20 having at least one lateral branch section 22. The wellbore 20 may be drilled into the surface of the Earth to facilitate removal of production fluids (i.e. natural gas, oil, etc.) therefrom. In operation, production fluids may enter from the “reservoir” into the wellbore 20. Subsequently, by employing traditional production methods well known to the skilled artisan, the production fluids may be retrieved to the Earth's surface.
Disposed along the interior surface of the wellbore 20 may be a casing 24. The casing 24 may provide structural integrity to the wellbore 20 and can be cemented into location if so desired. Indeed, the casing 24 may extend for thousands of feet into the wellbore 20 as well as into the lateral branch sections 22.
At least one expandable device 26 also is disposed within the wellbore 20. As further discussed below, devices 26 may comprise, casing patches, expandable packers, expandable hangers, expandable liners, expandable casings 24, expandable sandscreens or expandable control line conduits (i.e. conduits for fiber optic lines, electric lines, hydraulic lines, etc.). As is also further discussed below, devices 26 may be inserted into the wellbore in a collapsed configuration and subsequently expanded. By inserting devices 26 into the wellbore 20 in a collapsed state, a number of advantages may be achieved over traditional systems. For example, a device 26 in the collapsed state may have a diameter less than that of the wellbore it is to be inserted into, and, as such, require less effort for downhole insertion.
Referring next to FIG. 2, a section 28 of an expandable device 26 (FIG. 1) is illustrated. The device 26 comprises a wall 30 having a plurality of slots 32 disposed therein. Although the embodiment is illustrated as having slots 32 disposed in the wellbore, the present technique may also be employed with thinned or weakened areas in lieu of the slots 32. In this embodiment, slots 32 define thick and thin struts 34 and 36, respectively. The thick and thin struts 34 and 36 may include various expansion compensation portions 38, the compensation portions 38 being adapted to prevent axial contraction of the device 26 upon radial expansion thereof.
For example, the compensation portions 38 may comprise spring segments 40 that facilitate axial expansion of the appropriate strut members 36. Thus, during radial expansion of the device 26, the spring segment 40 may flex, thereby allowing the strut member 36 upon which it is integrated, to contract or expand as necessary. In other words, the spring segment 40 changes length axially during device expansion, thereby enabling the device 26, as a whole, to radially expand without substantial axial contraction thereof. In some embodiments, the spring segment 40 may undergo both elastic deformation as well as plastic deformation.
Under expansion loads, relatively thick struts 34 remain essentially undeformed and, as such, maintain the overall axial length of the device 26. Contemporaneously, however, the expansion loads applied to the thin members 36 induce axial contraction lengthening thereof, thereby facilitating radial expansion of the device 26. Moreover, the spring segments 40 may also provide additional flexibility to the device 26 thereby reducing the expansion forces necessary to drive device 26 to its expanded configuration.
Additionally, compensation portions 38 may comprise rotational segments 42 disposed along respective strut members 36. Rotational segments 42 also substantially reduce axial contraction of the device 26 (FIG. 1), as a whole, upon radial expansion thereof. Indeed, during expansion, the exemplary rotational segments 42, as well as the relatively thin strut 36 within which it is disposed, tend to rotate whereas the relatively thick struts 34 retain their original configuration. This torsional deformation of the thin struts 36, being either plastic or elastic, allows the device 26 to radially expand while the rigid thick struts 34 substantially maintain the original axial length of device 26. The rotational segments 42 may have tapering portions, rounded portions or other variations in the thickness of the strut 36 to optimize the properties of the rotational segments 42.
Disposed between adjacent, relatively, thick and thin struts 34 and 36 may be hinge portions 44. In the exemplary embodiment, hinge portions 44 facilitate the pivotal movement of the strut members 34 and 36 with respect to one another. The hinge portions 44 may be thinned sections of wall 30 disposed at the intersection of the respective ends of the struts 34 and 36. The thinner hinge portions 44 reduce the overall expansion force required to drive the exemplary device from a collapsed to an expanded configuration.
Various features of the expandable device 26, such as the strut members 34 and 36, compensation portions 38 as well as the corresponding slots 32 may be formed by a number of processes. For example, these features may be formed by targeting a high-pressure water jet stream against the stock material from which the device 26 is to be formed. The water pressure carves out desired features on to the device. In a similar vein, these features may be carved by laser-jet cutting the stock material. Additionally, the features may be formed by a stamping process. In this process, the flat stock material is placed into a press which then stamps the features into the material. Once stamped, the material may be rolled into a rounded or tubular form. To ensure structural integrity of the stamped material, the features may be at least as wide as the thickness of the material being stamped.
Referring next to FIGS. 3A and 3B, an alternate embodiment of the present technique is illustrated. Particularly, FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate one embodiment of section 28 of device 26 in the collapsed configuration and expanded configuration respectively. Section 28 comprises compensation portions 38, such as spring segments 40 and rotational segments 42. Again, as the device 26 is taken from the collapsed to expanded configuration, the expansion forces may induce deformation of the thin strut 36. However, the relatively thick strut 34, because of its size, resists deformation. Accordingly, the thin struts 36 facilitate radial expansion of the device while the thick struts 34, concurrently, maintain the axial length of the device 26.
Referring next to FIGS. 4A and 4B, another embodiment of the present technique is illustrated. In the collapsed state, as illustrated in FIG. 4A, section 28 comprises thick and thin struts 34 and 36, respectively, traversed by a linking member 46. The linking member is connected to the respective struts 34 and 36 by hinge portions 44. The linking member 46, in conjunction with the thin and thick struts 34 and 36, respectively may define parallelogramic slots 32.
During radial expansion of device 26 to the expanded configuration illustrated in FIG. 4B, the linking member 46 pivots about hinge portions 44. The linking members 46 may pivot such that the thick and thin struts 34 and 36 remain parallel to one another. Additionally, similar to the above embodiments, compensation portions 38 facilitate radial expansion of the device while concurrently maintaining the overall length of the device. In the exemplary embodiment, the spring segments 40 may deform thereby facilitating radial expansion of the device without substantially affecting axial length. Moreover, the linking members 46 may be configured to elastically or plastically deform, thereby assisting in the radial expansion of the device 26.
Referring next to FIG. 5, an expandable cell 48 of an expansion section 28 in a collapsed configuration is illustrated. In this embodiment, a relatively thin bending connector 50 traverses adjacent thick struts 34. The bending connector 50 may comprise folding portions 52 and spring segments 40. During radial expansion, the thick struts 34 distance themselves from one another, and resultantly, the folding portions 52 begin to unfold. As the radial expansion continues, bending connector 50 may undergo axial deformation. Indeed, the spring segments 40 of the bending connector 50 may undergo elastic or plastic deformation to facilitate the radial expansion of the device 26 without axial contraction thereof. The bending connector 50 maintains the thick struts 34 generally parallel to one another during the expansion process.
Referring next to FIGS. 6A and 6B, another embodiment of the present device is illustrated in collapsed and expanded configurations, respectively. In this embodiment, section 28 comprises a series of linking members 46 and thin struts 36 which, in combination, define three separate slot shapes 32a, 32b, and 32c. The linking members 46 as well as the thin struts 36 may comprise spring portions as well as rotation portions, e.g. spring portions 40 and rotation portions 42. Spring portions 40 and rotation portions 42 serve as expansion compensators radial expansion of the device to prevent shortening the original axial length of device 26. Referring to FIG. 7, the slot pattern of FIGS. 6A and 6B is illustrated as a flat sheet. Advantageously, tubulars may be formed from flat sheets which are subsequently bent into a cylindrical shape.
Returning to FIG. 1, the present technique may be employed in many types of devices 26 employable within a wellbore 20. For example, the device 26 may be a casing patch 54. If, for illustrative purposes, a hole were to develop in the casing 24, the structural integrity of the casing 24 may be affected. Accordingly, a casing patch 54 may be deployed to the location of the hole in the collapsed configuration. Subsequently, the casing patch 54 may be expanded to secure the casing patch 54 to the damaged portion of the original casing 24. The device may also comprise an expandable liner 56 for the multilateral junctions. Again, the liner 56 may be deployed to the desired location and subsequently expanded for securing at such location. The device 26 may also comprise an expandable packer 58 deployed, for example, to isolate portions of a wellbore 20. In operation, the packer 58, similar to other expandable devices described herein, may be deployed to a desired location and subsequently expanded. Yet another embodiment of device 26 is an expandable sand-screen 60. Sand-screens 60 may be placed into the wellbore 20 to prevent the ingress of sand from the interior wellbore surface while concurrently permitting the ingress of desirable production fluids. Lastly, although not exhaustively, the device 26 may comprise an expandable hanger 62. In operation, the expandable hanger 62 facilities, for example, the coupling of casing or lining segments together. Indeed, the hanger 62 may allow casings or linings to extend for hundreds of feet into the wellbore. Again, each of the exemplary devices 26 discussed above may be formed, at least in part, of the expandable devices of the present technique.
Referring to FIG. 8, a cross-sectional view of an expandable device 26 having a cutout portion 64 is illustrated. The cutout portion 64 may be employed as a passageway for the routing of control lines 66 therethrough. Additionally, intelligent completions equipment, monitoring devices, fiber optic lines and other equipment may be positioned in the cutout portion 64. As illustrated, cutout portion 64 lies in a generally axial direction along the exterior of device 26, although the cutout can be formed along an interior surface or entirely within the wall of device 26.
Referring to FIG. 9, a cone 68 is illustrated as expanding the device 26. A variety of expansion devices may be employed and cone 68 is just one option. Once the expandable device 26 has been placed at the appropriate position in the wellbore, cone 68 is then pulled or pushed therethrough. A tapered end 70 of cone 68 may easily be fed into the device 26 when in its collapsed configuration. As the cone 68 progresses further, the widening diameter of the cone abuts against the interior surface of the device and imparts the necessary radial forces for expansion.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Indeed, the present technique may be employed in any number of oilfield applications such as umbilical or conduit repairs for example.
Patent Application
20050241709
