Expandable intervertebral implant

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 11602438
  • Patent Number
    11,602,438
  • Date Filed
    Thursday, May 10, 2018
    6 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, March 14, 2023
    a year ago
Abstract
An expandable intervertebral implant is provided for insertion into an intervertebral space defined by adjacent vertebrae. The expandable intervertebral implant includes a pair of outer sleeve portions and an inner core disposed between the outer sleeve portions. Movement of the inner core relative to the outer sleeve portions causes the outers sleeve portions to deflect away from each other, thereby engaging the expandable intervertebral implant with the vertebrae and adjusting the height of the intervertebral space.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates generally to intervertebral implants, and in particular relates to an intervertebral implant that can expand to create a desired spacing and/or angular orientation of adjacent vertebrae.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Degenerative disc disease or degeneration of a vertebral body often results in a loss of disc height, which in turn can cause facet and nerve impingement, among other things. One standard of care is to replace the damaged intervertebral disc with an intervertebral implant or a damaged portion or an entire vertebral body with an intervertebral implant.


Thus, an intervertebral implant may be inserted into the intervertebral disc space of two adjacent vertebral bodies or into the space created by removal of portions of, or the entire, vertebral body after removal of damaged portions of the spine. Preferably, the intervertebral implant restores the spine, as much as possible, to a natural state. That is, the implant preferably restores the original height of the intervertebral disc and thus the original distance between the two adjacent vertebral bodies or vertebral bodies in various levels of the spine. These implants are sized and shaped to fill at least the physiological height between the vertebral bodies and are inserted through a relatively narrow and small incision with nerves and vascular structure proximate sides of the incision. Accordingly, it is advantageous to develop an implant that may be inserted in a reduced size or configuration and expanded when positioned between the vertebrae to minimize the required incision and limit the potential for the implant to contact the neural and vascular structure during implantation.


It is desirable to construct an intervertebral implant that restores the spine to its natural state, is relatively compact during insertion and may be expanded when positioned between adjacent vertebrae. It is also desirable to construct an expandable intervertebral implant that may be inserted and expanded utilizing the same instrument.


BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description of Illustrative Embodiments. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the invention, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the invention. Reference is made to the claims for that purpose.


Certain embodiments are directed to an expandable intervertebral implant for insertion into an intervertebral disc space and expandable from an initial position to an expanded position. The expandable intervertebral implant includes a linkage that includes a plurality of links connected in a longitudinal direction. Each link includes an outer sleeve having a first outer sleeve portion and a second outer sleeve portion that is movable with respect to the first outer sleeve portion. The second outer sleeve portion defines a first engagement surface that is sloped with respect to the longitudinal direction. Each link further includes an inner core disposed between the first and second outer sleeve portions. The inner core defines a second engagement surface that is sloped with respect to the longitudinal direction, wherein the second engagement surface abuts the first engagement surface. Relative movement between the inner core and the second outer sleeve portion along the longitudinal direction causes the first engagement surface to ride along the second engagement surface, thereby causing the second outer sleeve portion to deflect away from the first outer sleeve portion in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.


Additional features and advantages will be made apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. There is shown in the drawings example embodiments, in which like reference numerals correspond to like reference numerals throughout. The expandable intervertebral implant and related methods are not limited to the specific embodiments and methods disclosed, and reference is made to the claims for that purpose.



FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an expandable intervertebral implant constructed in accordance with one embodiment installed in an intervertebral space;



FIG. 1B is a perspective view similar to FIG. 1A, but with the intervertebral implant installed in the intervertebral space in accordance with an alternative embodiment



FIG. 2A is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 1 constructed as a linkage that includes a plurality of expandable intervertebral links in accordance with one embodiment, wherein the implant is in a first contracted position;



FIG. 2B is an enlarged portion of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 2A;



FIG. 3A is a side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral link of the intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 2A;



FIG. 3B is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral link similar to FIG. 3A, but constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 3C is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral link similar to FIG. 3A, but constructed in accordance with another alternative embodiment;



FIG. 4A is a sectional end elevation view of the expandable intervertebral link illustrated in FIG. 3A;



FIG. 4B is a sectional end elevation view of an expandable intervertebral link similar to that illustrated in FIG. 4A, but constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 5 is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral link illustrated in FIG. 2A;



FIG. 6 is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 5A, connected to an insertion device.



FIG. 7 is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 6, but illustrated in a second vertically expanded position;



FIG. 8A is a top plan view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 7, including a retainer that secures various components of the expandable intervertebral implant;



FIG. 8B is a sectional end view of the expandable intervertebral implant as illustrated in FIG. 8A;



FIG. 8C is an enlarged view of a portion of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 8B;



FIG. 9A is a sectional end view of the expandable intervertebral implant similar to FIG. 8B, but showing a retainer constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 9B is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 9A;



FIG. 10 is a sectional side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral implant similar to FIG. 6, but configured to provide a lordotic outer profile when expanded, in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 11 is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 10, but showing the implant in a vertically expanded position;



FIG. 12A is a top plan view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 10;



FIG. 12B is an enlarged side elevation view of a portion of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 12A;



FIG. 13 is a side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral implant including a second retainer constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 14 is a sectional side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral implant similar to FIG. 10, but configured to define a lordotic outer profile when expanded, in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 15A is a top sectional view of an expandable intervertebral implant similar to that illustrated in FIG. 6, but further configured for lateral expansion in accordance with an alternative embodiment, wherein the expandable intervertebral implant is shown in a laterally contracted position;



FIG. 15B is a sectional end view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 15A including a retainer constructed in accordance with one embodiment;



FIG. 15C is a sectional end view of the expandable intervertebral implant similar to FIG. 15B, but showing the expandable intervertebral implant in a vertically and laterally expanded position;



FIG. 15D is a sectional end view of the expandable intervertebral implant similar to FIG. 15C, but including a retainer constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 16A is a side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral implant coupled to a biasing member of an insertion device in accordance with one embodiment;



FIG. 16B is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 16A, but with the biasing member coupled to additional components of the insertion device, wherein the insertion device is illustrated in a disengaged position;



FIG. 16C is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant as illustrated in FIG. 16B, but showing the insertion device in an engaged position;



FIG. 17A is a side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant as illustrated in FIG. 16C, but showing the insertion device including a central sleeve having a coupling member that locks the insertion device in the engaged configuration;



FIG. 17B is a side elevation view of the central sleeve illustrated in FIG. 17A;



FIG. 17C is a top plan view of the central sleeve illustrated in FIG. 17B;



FIG. 18A is a top plan view of an expandable intervertebral implant coupled to an angulated insertion device constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment;



FIG. 18B is a top plan view of the expandable intervertebral implant coupled to the angulated insertion device illustrated in FIG. 18A, showing the insertion device in an angulated position;



FIG. 19A is a sectional side elevation view of an expandable intervertebral implant shown in an expanded position; and



FIG. 19B is a sectional side elevation view of the expandable intervertebral implant illustrated in FIG. 19A, but showing projecting portions removed after the implant has achieved the final expanded position.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words “right”, “left”, “lower” and “upper” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inwardly” or “distally” and “outwardly” or “proximally” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the expandable implant, instruments and related parts thereof. The words, “anterior”, “posterior”, “superior,” “inferior” and related words and/or phrases designate preferred positions and orientations in the human body to which reference is made and are not meant to be limiting. The terminology includes the above-listed words, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.


Referring to FIG. 1A, an expandable intervertebral implant 20 is shown installed into an intervertebral disc space 22 defined by a pair of adjacent, or neighboring, upper and lower vertebrae 24. The expandable intervertebral implant 20 can be configured to fuse with the vertebrae 24. The vertebrae 24 can be lumbar vertebrae that define an anterior side AS, an opposing posterior side PS. The vertebrae 24 further define opposing lateral sides LS that are disposed on opposing sides of a central medial axis M-M that extends along a mediolateral direction. The vertebrae 24 are illustrated as being spaced along a caudocranial axis C-C. The expandable intervertebral implant 20 extends generally along a longitudinal direction L, a lateral direction A, and a transverse direction T.


Various structure is therefore described as extending horizontally along a longitudinal direction “L” and lateral direction “A”, and vertically along a transverse direction “T”. The housing is elongate in the longitudinal direction L. Unless otherwise specified herein, the terms “lateral,” “longitudinal,” and “transverse” are used to describe the orthogonal directional components of various components. The directional terms “inboard” and “inner,” “outboard” and “outer,” and derivatives thereof are used herein with respect to a given apparatus to refer to directions along the directional component toward and away from the geometric center of the apparatus.


It should be appreciated that while the longitudinal and lateral directions are illustrated as extending along a horizontal plane, and that the transverse direction is illustrated as extending along a vertical plane, the planes that encompass the various directions may differ during use. Accordingly, the directional terms “vertical” and “horizontal” are used to describe the expandable intervertebral implant 20 and its components as illustrated merely for the purposes of clarity and illustration.


In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal direction L extends in an anteroposterior direction, the lateral direction A extends in the mediolateral direction, and the transverse direction T extends in the caudocranial direction. It should be appreciated, however, that the directions defined by the expandable intervertebral implant 20 could alternatively be oriented at any desirable angle between 0° and 180° with respect to the various directions defined by the vertebrae 24. For instance, the longitudinal and lateral directions of the implant could be oriented at any desirable angle between 0° and 180° with respect to the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions. As will become appreciated from the description below, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 can be inserted into the disc space 22 in an anterior direction, a posterior direction, or any alternative direction between 0° and 180° with respect to the anterior and posterior sides.


For instance, FIG. 1B illustrates the expandable intervertebral implant 20 installed into the intervertebral space 22 in an orientation that is 180° rotated with respect to the orientation illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the implant 20 can be inserted into the intervertebral space 22 from the anterior or posterior direction, or a direction that is angularly offset from the anterior or posterior direction. When inserting the implant 20 into the intervertebral space 22, for instance from the posterior, posterior anatomical elements can be removed, such as ligaments, a part or all of the lamina, the posterior arch, and some or all of the facet joints that are aligned with the vertebral space that receives the implant. While one implant 20 is illustrated as being inserted into the intervertebral space 22 in FIG. 1A, and a pair of implants 20 as being inserted into the intervertebral space 22 in FIG. 1B, any desired number of implants 20 can be inserted into a given intervertebral space as desired, such as between one and four implants. It should further be appreciated that one or more implants 20 can be installed into the intervertebral space 22 when performing a corpectomy or hemicorpectomy.


Referring now to FIGS. 2A, 3A, and 4A, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 can be provided as a longitudinally elongate linkage 26 that includes one or more links 28. The implant 20 can be made from any suitable biocompatible radiolucent or metallic material, such as titanium. The links 28 of the linkage 26 can be substantially similarly or identically constructed unless otherwise indicated. Each link includes an outer sleeve 30 formed from a pair of vertically opposing upper and lower outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B. The outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B each define a laterally elongate cross-beam 31 connected to a pair of outer legs 33 that each project transversely inward from the opposing outer lateral ends of the cross beams 31. Thus, the upper sleeve portion 30A includes legs 33 that project down from the laterally outer ends of the corresponding cross-beam 31, and the lower sleeve portion 30B includes legs 33 that project up from the laterally outer ends of the corresponding cross-beam 31. When the link 28 is in a first or initial contracted position, the inner transverse ends of the laterally aligned legs 33 can abut each other as illustrated so as to minimize the height of the implant 20 prior to installation into the intervertebral space 22, or they can alternatively be spaced apart.


The cross-beams 31 can each define respective vertebral engagement surfaces 32, such that the vertebral engagement surface of the upper sleeve portion 30A is an upwardly-facing surface, and the vertebral engagement surface of the lower sleeve portion 30B is a downwardly-facing surface. Each vertebral engagement surface 32 is configured to abut the corresponding upper and lower adjacent vertebrae 24.


Each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B can include a plurality of teeth 34 projecting transversely out from the respective vertebral engagement surfaces 32. The teeth 34 can be laterally elongate, and can be arranged as a plurality of longitudinally spaced rows 36 as illustrated. The teeth 34 can have a substantially constant height across the plurality of rows 36, thereby defining a substantially linear toothed profile as illustrated in FIG. 3A. Alternatively, the teeth 34 can define a nonlinear profile across the rows. For instance, as illustrated in FIG. 3B, the rows of teeth of one or more links 28 can define a bowed profile, or a convexity, whereby the teeth 34 of the longitudinally middle rows have a height greater than the teeth of the longitudinally outer rows. The profile can be symmetrical or asymmetrical about a lateral axis passing through the longitudinal midpoint of the link 28.


Alternatively or additionally, referring to FIG. 4A, one or more of the rows 36 of teeth 34, up to all of the rows of teeth, can be bowed along the lateral direction, such that the laterally middle portions of the teeth 34 have a height that is greater than the laterally outer portions of the teeth. The profile can be symmetrical or asymmetrical about a longitudinal axis passing through the lateral midpoint of the link 28. Thus, the teeth 34 can define a profile that is convex, or bowed, along more than one direction. While the teeth 34 are shown as being laterally elongate, it should be appreciated that the teeth 34 can alternatively be discontinuous in a lateral direction across the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 in a lateral direction. For instance, referring to FIG. 4B, a second plurality of teeth 34 can project out from the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 along the lateral direction. Thus each row 36 may include one or more teeth 34 so as to form an array of laterally spaced and longitudinally spaced teeth 34 along the vertebral engagement surfaces 32. The teeth 34 can be in substantial vertical alignment along a lateral axis, or can be bowed as shown in FIG. 4B to define a convex profile along the lateral direction such that laterally central teeth 34 have a height greater than that of the laterally outer teeth of a given row 36. Alternatively or additionally, the teeth 34 can be bowed as shown in FIG. 3B to define a convex profile along the longitudinal direction.


The teeth 34 can assist in roughening the vertebral surface to assist in fusing the expandable intervertebral implant to the adjacent vertebrae, can provide a surface that grips against the vertebrae, and can also define an increased surface area that fuses with the adjacent vertebrae with respect to a flat vertebral engagement surface. Alternatively, one or both of the opposing vertebral engagement surfaces 32 can be substantially smooth, or non-toothed, along both the lateral and longitudinal directions, as illustrated in FIG. 3C. The smooth surface can extend substantially along a longitudinal-lateral plane, or can be bowed in either or both of the lateral and longitudinal directions.


With continuing reference to FIG. 2A, the linkage 26 can include one or more links 28, such as a plurality of adjoined links 28 as illustrated. Each link 28 can include a lateral cross beam 31 and a pair of opposing transverse legs 33 in the manner described above. Each link 28 can define a generally rectangular or square with straight or curved corners, edges, and surfaces, or any suitable alternative geometric shape. The linkage 26 defines a longitudinal front end 27 and an opposing longitudinal rear end 29. The rear end 29 of the linkage 26 can be geometrically configured for insertion into the intervertebral disc space 22. For instance, the cross beams of the link 28 disposed at the rear end 29 of the linkage can be curved transversely inward along a direction from front end 27 toward the rear end 29, thereby providing a guide surface when inserting the implant 20 into the intervertebral disc space 22.


Adjacent links 28 can be integrally connected or can alternatively be discreetly fastened to each other at a coupling location using any suitable mechanical or adhesive coupling member. For instance, a coupling member 35 can project longitudinally out from each leg 33 of adjacent links 28 toward the adjacent link 28, such that a coupling member 35 of the upper sleeve portion 30A of one link 28 is attached to a corresponding coupling member 35 of the upper sleeve portion 30A of an adjacent link 28. Likewise, a coupling member 35 of the lower sleeve portion 30B of one link 28 is attached to a corresponding coupling member 35 of the lower sleeve portion 30B of an adjacent link 28. The coupling members 35 can be flexible or rigid, and can be integrally formed with, or discreetly connected to, the corresponding legs 33. The linkage 26 can include any number of links 28 as desired, such that the upper sleeve portions 30A of each link 28 are connected, and the lower sleeve portions 30B of each link 28 are connected.


Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 5, the cross beam 31 of each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B defines an outer vertebral engagement surface 32 as described above, and further defines an opposing transverse inner engagement surface 40 that extends laterally between the opposing transverse legs 33. The inner engagement surface 40 is sloped vertically so as to define an angle θ with respect to a longitudinal axis L-L that can be between 0° and 90°, for instance between about 10° and about 50°, such that the engagement surface 40 of each outer sleeve portion slopes transversely in along a longitudinal direction from the rear end 29 toward the front end 27 of the linkage 26. Thus, the inner engagement surface 40 of the upper sleeve portion 30A slopes vertically down along a longitudinal direction from the rear end 29 toward the front end 27, and the inner engagement surface 40 of the lower sleeve portion 30B slopes vertically up along a longitudinal direction from the rear end 29 toward the front end 27.


The engagement surfaces 40 of the upper sleeve portions 30A can define an angle greater θ or less than that of the engagement surfaces 40 of the lower sleeve portions 30B, thereby causing the upper sleeve portion 30A to expand at a higher or lower expansion rate, respectively, relative to the lower sleeve portion 30B. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the angle θ of one of the inner engagement surfaces 40 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L could be zero, while the angle θ of the other engagement surface 40 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L is non-zero, thereby causing only the outer sleeve portion of the other engagement surface to expand during operation.


The inner engagement surfaces 40 of each link 28 can be aligned with, and extend parallel to, the engagement surfaces 40 of the other links 28 of the linkage 26. Thus, the outer sleeve 30 of each link 28 can extend transversely a distance at its front end greater than at its rear end. Each link 28 can further include an engagement member as one or more projections or that extends transversely in from the engagement surfaces 40. The projections can be in the form of ridges, teeth, or like structure that is configured to mate with a complementary structure to fixes the implant in an expanded position. In the illustrated embodiment, the projections are shown as reverse angled teeth 44 that project transversely in from the engagement surface 40. Thus, for the purposes of description, the engagement member, or one or more projections, is referred to herein as teeth.


The teeth 44 project down from the engagement surface 40 of the upper sleeve portion 30A, and teeth project up from the engagement surface 40 of the lower sleeve portion 30B. The teeth 44 can define a root end 45 that is substantially in-line with the corresponding engagement surfaces 40, and triangular tips 46 that are transversely offset from the engagement surface. Adjacent tips 46 can be spaced apart any desired distance, such as between about 0.5 mm and about 5 mm. The teeth 44 of each link 28 can be substantially identically sized and shaped, such that a line connecting the tips 46 of adjacent teeth 40 extends parallel to the engagement surface 40. The outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B further define pockets 43 disposed between and defined by adjacent teeth 44. The pockets 43 thus have a size and shape substantially identical to the adjacent teeth 44 that define the pockets 43.


Each link 28 defines an internal void 38 that extends transversely between opposing cross beams 31 and laterally between opposing legs 33 of each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B. The linkage 26 includes an inner core 50 that is disposed within the internal void 38 of each link 28, and is retained by the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B. The inner core 50 can abut the transverse inner surfaces 40 of the cross beams 31 such that, during operation, longitudinal movement of the inner core 50 relative to the outer sleeve 30 causes the outer sleeve 30 to expand in a first direction, such as the vertical direction (see FIG. 7) and alternatively or additionally a second direction perpendicular to the transverse or vertical direction, such as the horizontal direction (see FIGS. 15A-C).


In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2B, the inner core 50 includes a core body 52 that defines opposing lateral surfaces that can face or abut the legs 33 of the outer sleeve, and opposing transverse outer, or upper and lower, engagement surfaces 54. The portion of the inner core 50 disposed within one of the links 28 can be integrally connected or alternatively fastened to the portions of the inner core 50 that are disposed in the other links 28 of the linkage 26 using any suitable mechanical or adhesive fastening member.


When the inner core 50 is installed in the internal void 38 of the outer sleeve 30, the engagement surfaces 54 can mate with, or abut, the corresponding sloped engagement surfaces 40 of the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B. The engagement surfaces 54 are thus transversely sloped with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L, and thus extend parallel to the corresponding engagement surfaces 40. The inner core 50 can further include an engagement member as one or more projections that extend transversely out from the engagement surfaces 54. The projections can be in the form of ridges, teeth, or like structure that is configured to mate with a complementary structure to fix the implant in an expanded position. In the illustrated embodiment, the projections are shown as reverse angled teeth 56 that project transversely out from the engagement surfaces 54. Thus, for the purposes of description, the engagement member, or one or more projections, is referred to herein as teeth 56.


The teeth 56 can be sized and shaped substantially identical with respect to teeth 44, so as to mate with teeth 44. The teeth 56 define a root end that is substantially in-line with the corresponding engagement surfaces 54, and triangular tips 60 that are transversely offset from the engagement surface. The teeth 56 are identically sized and shaped, such that a line connecting the tips 60 of adjacent teeth 56 extends parallel to the engagement surface 54. Thus, the teeth of the inner core 50 become transversely inwardly disposed along a direction from the rear of the link 28 toward the front of the link 28. The inner core body 52 further defines pockets 57 disposed between and defined by adjacent teeth 56. The pockets 57 thus have a size and shape substantially identical to the adjacent teeth 56 that define the pockets 57.


With continuing reference to FIG. 2B, the teeth 44 are sized and shaped to interlock with mating teeth 56, and reside in the pockets 57 defined between adjacent teeth 56. Likewise, the teeth 56 are sized and shaped to interlock with mating teeth 44, and reside in the pockets 43 defined between adjacent teeth 44. The teeth 44 and 56 can define a sawtooth shape that is undercut such that the tips 46 and 60 of interlocking teeth 44 and 56 overlap each other a distance D, which can be greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. Accordingly, a transverse compressive force applied to the link 28 causes the teeth 44 and 56 to cam along each other to an interlocked position, such that interference between the tip ends 46 and 60 resists vertical separation of the outer sleeve 30 from the inner core 50 during insertion of the implant 20 into the intervertebral space. Moreover, as the implant 20 is inserted into the disc space 22, the bodily tissue will apply a forward longitudinal force against the outer sleeve 30, thereby biasing the teeth 44 and 56 into their interlocked position, whereby motion of the core 50 relative to the outer sleeve 30 is permitted in the longitudinally forward direction, but prevented in a longitudinally rearward direction.


The opposing tips 46 and 60 of interlocking teeth 44 and 56 can be spaced a transverse distance so as to define a height H that can be within a range between 0 mm and about 3 mm. The teeth 44 and 56 can further define an angle θ2 between about 10° and about 50° with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L.


Referring now to FIG. 6, the linkage 26 can be coupled to an insertion tool 70, which includes a biasing member 64, an inner holding sleeve 72, and an outer holding sleeve 74. The biasing member 64 is operable to move the inner core member 50 longitudinally forward relative to the outer sleeve 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner core body 52 defines an internal longitudinally elongate bore 62 that is sized and shaped to receive the biasing member 64, which can be provided as a longitudinally extending rod or wire 66 connected to a transverse stopper 68 at one longitudinal end of the wire 66. The wire 64 can be made from vitalium, titanium, or the like. The stopper 68 is sized and shaped to abut the rear surface of the inner core 50, but not the outer sleeve, of the rearmost link 28, and the wire 66 can extend through the bore 62 of all inner core bodies 52 along the linkage 26, and project forward from the front end 27 of the linkage. The wire 66 can be held in place inside the bore 62 by an interference fit or any suitable fixation mechanism.


The inner annular holding sleeve 72 surrounds the wire 66 at a location forward from the front end 27 of the linkage 26, and can guide the wire 66 during operation. The wire 66 can be pulled in a longitudinal forward direction relative to the inner holding sleeve 72 such that the inner holding sleeve 72 abuts the front end of the core body 52 of the front-most link. The engagement of the inner holding sleeve 72 and the core body 52 allows a user to maintain control of the position of the implant 20 during insertion into the intervertebral space 22 as tension is applied to the wire 66.


The outer annular holding sleeve 74 is configured to abut the front end of the forwardmost outer sleeve 30 at a location that is out of transverse alignment with the core body 52. The outer holding sleeve 74 provides reciprocal biasing member that is operable to provide a biasing force that is equal and opposite to the force applied from the biasing member 64 to the core 50. In this regard, the outer holding sleeve 74 can be referred to as a brace member.


Accordingly, as a first force F1 is applied to the wire 66 along a longitudinally forward direction, the stopper 68 applies a corresponding longitudinally forward biasing force to the rear link 28. The outer holding sleeve 74 applies a force F2 into the outer linkage sleeve 30 that is equal and opposite with respect to the force F1. The force F1 applied to the wire 62 thus causes the inner core 50 to translate longitudinally forward with respect to the outer sleeve 30.


Referring also to FIG. 7, as the inner core 50 translates forward with respect to the outer sleeve 30, the engagement surfaces 40 ride along the complementary engagement surfaces 54, thereby causing the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B to deflect vertically away from each other. As the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B deflect away from each other, the intervertebral implant 20 expands in the transverse, or vertical, direction. The slope of the upper and lower mating engagement surfaces 40 and 54 determines the rate at which the upper and lower sleeves 30A and 30B expand, respectively.


As the inner core 50 moves in the forward direction with respect to the outer sleeve 30, the tips 46 and 60 of the engagement members, or teeth 44 and 56, cam over each other, thus causing the height of the implant 20 to increase in increments substantially equal to the height H of the teeth 44 and 56. Once a desired height is achieved and the biasing force is removed from the wire 62, the engaging teeth 44 and 56 can allow slight relative motion of the outer linkage sleeve 30 relative to the inner core 50 in the longitudinally forward direction, which can cause the outer teeth 34 of the sleeve to scuff the inner surfaces of the adjacent vertebrae 24, thereby facilitating fusion of the sleeve portions 30A and 30B to the vertebrae 24.


Once the teeth 44 and 56 become interlocked, relative motion between the inner core 50 and the outer sleeve 30 is prevented in the absence of the application of another biasing force to the cable 66. It should thus be appreciated that the linear forward motion of the inner core 50 relative to the outer sleeve 30 causes the intervertebral implant 20, or outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B, to expand from an initial, or relaxed position having a first height, to a second or an expanded position having a second height that is greater than the first height. The teeth 44 and 56 provide engagement members that prevent the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B from contracting toward each other once the intervertebral implant 20, sleeve outer portions 30A and 30B, have reached the desired expanded position. It should be appreciated that while the engagement surfaces 40 and 54 of each link 28 each include a plurality of corresponding teeth, each engagement surfaces 40 and 54 could alternatively comprise one or more teeth.


During operation, the implant 20 is inserted into the intervertebral space 22 in the initial position, and subsequently expanded to a second expanded position so as to abut and position the adjacent vertebrae 24 to a desired vertical position that causes the intervertebral space to achieve a desired height. The intervertebral implant 20 can thus be referred to as an intervertebral spacer that causes the intervertebral space 22 between adjacent vertebrae to increase to a desired caudocranial height. An autograft or bone substitute can be placed around the implant 20 in the intervertebral space 22 if desired.


It should be appreciated that, as shown in FIG. 6, the core body 52 of the rear link 28 can be sized having a longitudinal length that is substantially longer than that of the corresponding outer sleeve 30. As a result, the core 50 can project rearward with respect to the sleeve 30 of the rearmost link 28 by an offset distance “O” when the implant 20 is in the initial or relaxed position. The offset distance O can be preselected based, for instance, on the slope of the engagement surfaces 44 and 54 and the desired expansion of the outer sleeve 30, such that once the implant 20 has reached the desired final height, the rear surface of the core 50 can be substantially flush with the rear surface of the outer sleeve 30 the rear link 28, as shown in FIG. 7.


Moreover, FIG. 6 shows the front end of the core body 52 of the front linkage 28 as being substantially flush with the front end of the outer sleeve 30 of the front linkage 28 when the implant 20 is in the initial position. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7, when the implant is in the expanded position, the front end of the core body 52 of the front linkage 28 extends forward from the front end of the outer sleeve 30 of the front linkage 28. It should be appreciated, however, that the front end of the core body 52 of the front linkage 28 could alternatively be recessed with respect to the front end of the outer sleeve 30 of the front linkage 28 a distance equal to the offset distance O when the implant 20 is in the initial position. Accordingly, when the implant 20 is in the expanded position, the front end of the core body 52 of the front linkage 28 could be substantially flush with the front end of the outer sleeve 30 of the front linkage 28.


Referring now to FIGS. 8A-C, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 can include a retainer member in the form of one or more, such as a plurality of, bands 84 that are configured to apply a compressive retention force against the links 28 that can assist in maintaining the structural integrity of the implant 20 as the implant 20 is inserted into the intervertebral space 22 and expanded to the vertically expanded position. In particular, the linkage 26 can include laterally opposing transverse slots 82 that extend vertically through the coupling members 35. The coupling members 35 can include a lateral portion that extends in a laterally extending groove 86 disposed between adjacent links 28.


A metallic or elasticized band 84 can be inserted through the laterally opposing slots 82 and sit in the grooves 86 such that the band 84 surrounds the legs 33 of the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B. The band 84 can include terminal ends 85A and 85B that form an interlocking tongue-and-groove. Thus, the terminal ends 85A and 85B can be clipped together, and the terminal ends can be placed inside one of the slots 82 so as to reduce the possibility that the band 84 would be inadvertently separated. The bands 84 can apply a compressive force that biases the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B against each other and against the inner core 50, thereby assisting in the retention of the teeth 44 and 56 in their interlocked configuration. The bands 84 can be radiolucent so as to provide an indication of the position and angular orientation of the implant 20 during the implantation procedure.


Referring now to FIG. 9A-B, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 can include a retainer member constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment. In particular, the legs 33 do not define a transverse slot extending vertically therethrough. Instead, an elasticized band 88 can be stretched over one or more of the links 82 and inserted into the groove 86. The elasticity of the band 88 can apply a compressive force that biases the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B against each other and against the inner core 50, thereby assisting in the retention of the teeth 44 and 56 in their interlocked configuration. The plurality of bands 88 can be radiolucent so as to provide an indication of the position and angular orientation of the implant 20 during the implantation procedure.


Referring now to FIG. 10, the expandable intervertebral implant can be constructed such that the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 define a lordotic profile when the implant 20 is in the expanded position. In accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the slope S of the engagement surfaces 40 and 54 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L of each link 28 vary from link to link. Thus, the opposing engagement surfaces 40 and 54 of one link are angled, or not parallel, with respect to the corresponding opposing engagement surfaces 40 and 54 of an adjacent link. For instance, the slope of each interfacing engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of each link 28 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L has a magnitude that decreases along a direction from the rear link 28 toward the front link 28. Thus, the magnitude of the slope of the complementary engagement surfaces 40 and 54 of a given link 28 is greater than that of forwardly disposed links 28, and less than that of rearwardly disposed links 28.


Accordingly, as the implant 20 expands, the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B of each link 28 will become vertically displaced at different rates. In the illustrated embodiment, the rate of outer sleeve vertical displacement will decrease in a direction from the rear link 28 toward the front link 28. It should, of course, be appreciated that the slope of the engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of each link could alternatively decrease in a direction from the front link 28 toward the rear link 28 such that the rate of vertical displacement would decrease in a direction from the front link 28 toward the rear link 28. Alternatively still, the middle links 28 can expand at a rate that is greater than or less than the forward and rearward spaced links 28.


In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of the opposing outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B can be substantially flat in the longitudinal direction. The slope of opposing vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each link 28 can vary from link to link. Thus, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of one link are angled, or not parallel, with respect to the engagement surfaces 32 of an adjacent link. It can also be said that the engagement surfaces 32 of each link 28 are sloped at an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction that is different than the angle at which the engagement surfaces 32 of the other links are sloped relative to the longitudinal direction.


The opposing engagement surfaces 32 of the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B of a given link 28 can be equal and opposite relative to the longitudinal axis L-L. As illustrated, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of the links 28 each define a slope having a magnitude with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L that decrease from link to link as the slope of the corresponding engagement surfaces 40 and 50 increase when the implant 20 is in the initial position. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the slope of each of the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of the links 28 has a magnitude that decrease in direction from the front end 27 of the linkage 26 toward the rear end 29 of the linkage. The magnitude of the slope of the opposing vertebral engagement surface 32 of a given link 28 is greater than that of rearwardly disposed links 28, and less than that of forwardly disposed links. Alternatively, the slope of the opposing vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each link 28 could be substantially identical from link to link.


Referring now to FIG. 11, when the inner core 50 is moved longitudinally forward relative to the outer sleeve 30 to move the implant from the initial position to the expanded position in the manner described above, the links 28 expand at different rates. In particular, a given link 28 expands at a faster rate than forwardly disposed links, and at a rate slower than rearwardly disposed links. As a result, when the intervertebral implant 20 is in the expanded position illustrated in FIG. 11, the opposing outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B of each link 28 have expanded a distance that is greater than those of forwardly disposed links, and less than those of rearwardly disposed links. Thus, the implant 20 defines vertebral engagement surfaces 32 that are sloped transversely outward with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L in a direction from the front end 27 toward the rear end 29. Moreover, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B are in line with the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of the other links 28 of the linkage 26, thereby creating reliable engagement surfaces with the vertebrae 24.


Referring to FIGS. 12A-B, it should be appreciated that the links 28 can be coupled so as to permit relative vertical motion between adjacent links. Accordingly, the adjacent links 28 can be coupled by a joint, such as a tongue-and-groove joint 90. The joint 90 includes a pair of first laterally opposing engagement members 92 attached to one of the adjacent links 28. The engagement members 92 extend vertically, and each includes a beveled surface 94 that slopes laterally inward along a direction longitudinally away from the link 28. The other of the adjacent links 28 includes a second laterally elongate engagement member 96 that extends laterally between the opposing engagement members 92. The engagement member extends vertically, and includes laterally opposing beveled surfaces 98 that slopes laterally outward along a direction longitudinally away from the link 28. The beveled surfaces 94 and 98 engage each other to interlock the adjacent links with respect to longitudinal separation, while allowing for relative vertical motion along the beveled surfaces 94 and 98, and thus relative vertical motion between the adjacent links 28. A retainer member, such as band 88, can further be inserted into one or more of the grooves 86 that separate the adjacent links 28 so as to further maintain the structural integrity of the linkage 26 during use in the manner described above.


Alternatively or additionally, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 can include an auxiliary retainer such as a flexible band 100 as illustrated in FIG. 13. The band 100 defines a body 101 that extends generally in the longitudinal direction, and defines a pair of opposing terminal ends 102 that each define connection locations that can be connected to an outer sleeve portion 30A or 30B of a different one of the plurality of links 28. The terminal ends 102 can define a hinged connection with respect to the outer sleeve portion, or can define a fixed connection such that the flexibility of the band 100 allows the terminal ends 102 and other connection locations to rotate relative to the body 101. The bands 100 can be fastened to the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B using any suitable mechanical fastener.


In the illustrated embodiment, the terminal ends 102 of one band 100 are connected to the laterally outer surfaces of the upper sleeve portions 30A of the longitudinally outermost links 28. The terminal ends 102 of another band 100 are connected to the laterally outer surfaces of the lower sleeve portions 30B of the longitudinally outermost links 28. A pair of substantially identical bands can be connected to the opposing outer lateral surfaces of the upper and lower sleeve portions 30A and 30B. Thus, the bands 100 provide a longitudinal compressive force to all links 28 disposed between the terminal band ends 102. Alternatively, the bands 100 can be connected to one or more, up to all, links 28 that are disposed between the terminal ends 102 of the bands 100.


It should be appreciated that FIGS. 10-13 illustrate the intervertebral implant 20 configured to produce a lordotic profile in accordance with one embodiment, and that alternative embodiments can be provided to create a lordotic profile. For instance, referring to FIG. 13, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B are aligned with the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of the corresponding outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B of the adjacent links. Thus, the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each outer sleeve portion 30A are aligned and parallel to each other, and the vertebral engagement surfaces 32 of each outer sleeve portion 30b are aligned and parallel to each other. Moreover, the engagement surfaces 32 of each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B can be sloped with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L. In the illustrated embodiment, the engagement surfaces 32 define a slope S1 that is angled transversely out from the longitudinal axis L-L in a direction from the front end 27 of the linkage 26 toward the rear end of the linkage. It should be appreciated, however, that the engagement surfaces 32 could alternatively slope transversely in from the longitudinal axis L-L in a direction from the front end 27 of the linkage 26 toward the rear end of the linkage.


Furthermore, the engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of each outer sleeve portion 30A are aligned with and extend parallel to the engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of the outer sleeve portions 30A of the other links 28. Likewise, the engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of each outer sleeve portion 30B are aligned with and extend parallel to the engagement surfaces 40 and 50 of the outer sleeve portions 30B of the other links 28. Accordingly, as the implant is expanded to the expanded position illustrated in FIG. 13, each link 28 is displaced transversely outward at the same displacement rate of the other links, and the vertebral engaging surfaces 32 maintain the lordotic profile described above.


Thus, the expandable intervertebral implant 20 is configured to expand along the transverse direction and can be further configured such that the vertebral engaging surfaces 32 can define a lordotic profile when engaged with the vertebrae. Alternatively or additionally, the intervertebral implant 20 can be configured such that the vertebral engaging surfaces 32 of the links 28 combine to define a nonlinear shape, such as a curved convex shape having outer longitudinal ends that are disposed transversely inward with respect to a longitudinal middle portion.


Referring to FIG. 15A, the opposing axially inner surfaces of the legs 33 of each outer sleeve portion 30A and 30B can define laterally opposing, and vertically extending, engagement surfaces 110 that can be longitudinally elongate, and sloped laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L at any desired angle as described above with respect to the transverse angle formed between inner engagement surface 40 and the longitudinal axis. Accordingly, that the engagement surface 110 of each sleeve portion slopes laterally out from the longitudinal axis along a direction from the front end 27 toward the rear end 29 of the linkage 26. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the laterally sloped engagement surface 110 can be constructed as described above with respect to the transversely sloped engagement surface 40. However, the cross beam 31 of each outer annular sleeve is discontinuous along the lateral direction, such that each leg the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B is free to move relative to the other leg of same outer sleeve portion in the lateral direction. Each leg of a given outer sleeve portion is free to move in the transverse direction with respect to the legs of the opposing outer sleeve portion in the manner described above.


The engagement surfaces 110 of the upper sleeve portions 30A can define an angle greater or less than that of the other, and can further define an angle greater or less than that of the engagement surfaces 110 of the lower sleeve portions 30B, thereby causing one lateral side of the outer sleeve 30 to expand laterally at a higher or lower expansion rate, respectively, relative to the other lateral side of the outer sleeve 30. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the angle of one or both of the of the inner engagement surfaces 110 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L could be zero, while the angle of the other engagement surface 110 relative to the longitudinal axis L-L is non-zero, thereby causing only one lateral side of the outer sleeve to expand laterally during operation.


The engagement surfaces 110 of each link 28 can be aligned with, and extend parallel to, the engagement surfaces 110 of the other links 28 of the linkage 26. Thus, the outer sleeve 30 of each link 28 can extend laterally at its front end a greater amount than at its rear end. Each link 28 can further include an engagement member in the form of reverse angled teeth 114 that project laterally inward from the engagement surface 110. The lateral teeth 114 can be constructed in the manner described above with reference to the transverse teeth 44.


The inner core body 52 defines laterally outer engagement surfaces 124 that are configured to engage the engagement surfaces 110 of the upper and lower sleeves 30A and 30B. The inner core body 52 can extend vertically a sufficient distance such that each engagement surface 124 can engage with the pair of complementary engagement surfaces 110 on each lateral side of the sleeve 30. The engagement surfaces 124 can be laterally sloped with respect to the longitudinal axis L-L, and can thus extend parallel to the corresponding engagement surfaces 110. The lateral engagement surfaces 124 can be constructed as described above with respect to the transverse engagement surfaces 54. The inner core 50 can further include an engagement member in the form of reverse angled teeth 126 that project laterally out from the engagement surfaces 124. The teeth 126 can be sized and shaped substantially identical with respect to teeth 114, so as to mate with teeth 114. The teeth 126 can be constructed in the manner described above with respect to teeth 56.


As illustrated in FIG. 15B, the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B can be retained by a retainer such as a plurality of bands 84 in the manner described above. Slots 82 can extend vertically through both pairs of opposing laterally outer legs 33, and the band 84 can be inserted into the slots 82 and placed in the groove 86 in the manner described above to apply compressive retention forces onto the linkage, thereby assisting in securing the structural integrity of the expandable intervertebral implant 20. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 15D, the retainer may be provided as an elasticized band 88 that is placed in the groove 86 in the manner described above to apply laterally and transverse compressive securing forces.


Referring now to FIGS. 15A and 15C, as the inner core 50 moves in the forward direction with respect to the outer sleeve 30, the engagement surfaces 40 ride along the complementary engagement surfaces 54, and the teeth 44 and 56 cam over each other, thereby causing the outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B to incrementally deflect vertically away from each other in the manner described above. Furthermore, the engagement surfaces 110 ride along the complementary engagement surfaces 124, and the teeth 114 and 126 cam over each other, thereby causing the laterally outer portions of the outer sleeve 30 to incrementally deflect laterally away from each other from a first laterally contracted position to a second laterally expanded position. It should be appreciated that the engagement surfaces 110 and 124 can have a slope that is greater than or less than the slope of engagement surfaces 40 and 54, such that the implant 20 can expand vertically at a greater rate or a lesser rate than the implant 20 expands laterally.


It should be appreciated that a kit can be provided that includes all or a portion of the expandable intervertebral implant 20 constructed in accordance with any of the embodiments described herein. For example, the kit can include one or more of the components of the expandable intervertebral implant, such as the upper and lower outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B, the inner core 50, bands 84 and 88, and a plurality of links 28. The one or more components included in various kits can have one or more varying characteristic such as size and/or shape. For instance, a first kit can be provided having one or more components, for instance outer sleeve portions 30A and 30B, the inner core 50, bands 84 and 88, and a plurality of links 28, that have a different size or shape to accommodate different expansion rates, different longitudinal and/or lateral lengths, and different directions of expansion, for instance transverse expansion alone or coupled with lateral expansion. Some components in a given kit may permit the implant 20 to produce a lordotic profile in the manner described above, while other components in the kit may permit the implant to produce a horizontal upper and lower vertebrae-engaging surface. The kit can further include components of the insertion tool 70 as will now be described.


In particular, referring now to FIGS. 16A-C, the insertion tool 70 can be configured to engage the intervertebral implant 20 such that the implant 20 may be inserted into the intervertebral space 22 and subsequently expanded in the manner described above. Once the intervertebral implant is disposed in the intervertebral space, the insertion tool can include biasing members that apply a biasing force to the implant, thereby causing the implant to expand in any manner as described above. Once the implant 20 has reached the desired expansion position, the insertion tool 70 may be disengaged from the implant 20.


The insertion tool 70 can include the inner annular holding sleeve 72, the biasing member 64 that extends inside the inner annular holding sleeve 72, and the outer annular holding sleeve 74 that receives the inner annular holding sleeve 72. Once the holding member 70 is moved to position such that the inner annular holding sleeve 72 abuts the inner core 50 and the outer annular holding sleeve 74 abuts the outer sleeve 30, a force F1 can be applied to the wire 66 that causes the implant to expand in the manner described above.


Referring to FIGS. 17A-C, the inner annular holding sleeve 72 can include a longitudinally elongate body 151 having a threaded engagement surface 152 at a distal end that is configured to be threadedly received in the outer annular holding sleeve 74. The inner annular holding sleeve 72 can include a proximal end having a forked abutment member 154. The forked abutment member 154 can include a pair of spaced prongs 156 that are configured to abut the inner core 50 in the manner described above. The wire 62 can thus extend through the inner core 50 of each link 28, between the prongs 156 and through the inner annular holding sleeve 72. The free end of the wire that extends through the inner annular holding sleeve can be coupled to any suitable tensioning device configured to apply a biasing force sufficient to cause the intervertebral implant 20 to expand.


Referring now to FIGS. 18A-B, the insertion tool 70 can further include an angulated member 158 that is connected between the forward end 127 of the linkage 26, and the proximal ends of the inner and outer holding sleeves 72 and 74. The angulated member 158 can include a rectangular block 159, a cylindrical body 160 rigidly attached to the block 159, and a bore 162 extending through the body 160 sized to receive the wire 66. The wire 66 can thus extend through the linkage 56, the cylindrical body 160, and the inner sleeve 72. The outer sleeve 73 can define a bore 164 extending longitudinally therethrough, and a directional rod 166 extending through the bore 164. The directional rod 166 defines a proximal end that is pivotally coupled to the block 159 at a connection location 158 that is laterally offset with respect to the lateral center of the cylindrical body 160.


During operation, the rectangular block 159 abuts the inner core 50, and the directional rod 166 can be moved longitudinally forward and rearward, thereby causing the cylindrical body 160 to rotate relative to the proximal ends of the inner and outer sleeves 72 and 74. As the cylindrical body 160 rotates, the rectangular block 159 causes the intervertebral implant to change its angular orientation in the horizontal plane defined by the lateral and longitudinal directions. As illustrated, movement of the rod 166 in a forward direction causes the intervertebral implant 20 to pivot in a clockwise direction, while movement of the rod 166 in a rearward direction causes the implant to pivot in a counterclockwise direction. It should be appreciated, of course, that the rod 166 could alternatively be connected to the rectangular block 159 at a location that causes the intervertebral implant 20 to pivot in the clockwise direction when the rod is moved rearward, and counterclockwise when the rod is moved forward.


During operation, the longitudinal position of the rod 166 can be determined prior to inserting the intervertebral implant 20 into the disc space 22 so as to define an angular orientation of the implant 20 relative to the inner and outer sleeves 72 and 74. The angular orientation of the implant 20 allows the implant to be inserted into the body cavity along an anteroposterior directional approach or a posterior-anterior directional approach, while at the same time orienting the implant such that the longitudinal axis L defines a desired angle with respect to the anterior and posterior directions when the implant is inserted into the disc space 22. Once the intervertebral implant 20 has been inserted into the disc space 22, the wire 66 can be moved longitudinally forward to cause the implant 20 to expand in the transverse direction T alone, or in the transverse direction T and simultaneously the lateral direction A. Moreover, as the implant 20 expands in either the transverse direction T alone or in the transverse direction T simultaneously with the lateral direction A, the opposing transverse vertebral-engaging surfaces 32 can remain flat and parallel with each other, or can define an angular orientation configured to restore lordosis to the vertebrae 24 in the manner described above.


Finally, referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, once the implant 20 has been positioned in the intervertebral space 22 and expanded to the desired expanded position, the outer sleeve 72 can be removed out of engagement with the intervertebral implant, and the remaining portions of the tool 70 can be removed by cutting the portion of the intervertebral body 50 that protrudes from the front end 127 of the linkage 26 along a cut line 168 along the lateral-transverse plane LT. The cut can be made in from opposing directions, for instance using reciprocal blades at opposing locations, such that the blades can cut through the inner core body 52 and the wire 66 and cause the body 50 to crimp around the wire 66. Alternatively, the inner core body 52 can be cut in any desired manner, and a separate crimping tool can be used to crimp the body 50 around the wire 66 after the body 50 and wire 66 have been cut, thereby securing the wire and preventing the wire 66 from being inadvertently removed after the surgical procedure has been completed.


The embodiments described in connection with the illustrated embodiments have been presented by way of illustration, and the present invention is therefore not intended to be limited to the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, the structure and features of each the embodiments described above can be applied to the other embodiments described herein. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will realize that the invention is intended to encompass all modifications and alternative arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention, as set forth by the appended claims.

Claims
  • 1. An expandable intervertebral implant insertable into an intervertebral disc space along an insertion direction and expandable from an initial position to an expanded position, the expandable intervertebral implant comprising: a first outer portion that defines a first vertebral engagement surface and a second outer portion that defines a second vertebral engagement surface opposite the first vertebral engagement surface along a transverse direction, wherein the second outer portion defines a pair of first sloped engagement surfaces that are each angled differently than the other, and the second outer portion defines first and second free ends that are spaced from each other along the insertion direction; andan inner core disposed between the first and second outer portions, the inner core defining a pair of second sloped engagement surfaces that are each angled differently than the other,wherein the pair of second sloped engagement surfaces engages the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces, respectively, such that relative movement between the inner core and the second outer portion causes the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces to ride along the pair of second sloped engagement surfaces, respectively, which causes an entirety of the second outer portion, including the first and second free ends, to deflect away from the first outer portion, thereby moving the implant from the initial position to the expanded position,wherein when the implant is in the initial position, 1) the first and second outer portions abut each other, and 2) the first sloped engagement surfaces face the second sloped engagement surfaces along the transverse direction;wherein the first and second vertebral engagement surfaces define a lordotic profile when the implant is in the expanded position andwherein the implant is configured to remain in the expanded position under compressive forces while the first sloped engagement surfaces engage the second sloped engagement surfaces.
  • 2. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein the vertebral engagement surfaces of the first and second outer portions are substantially parallel to each other when the implant is in the initial position.
  • 3. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein different regions of the second outer portion are displaced from the first outer portion at different respective rates as the inner core moves with respect to the second outer portion.
  • 4. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 3, wherein 1) the first outer portion defines respective free ends that are opposite each other along the direction of insertion, 2) an entirety of the first outer portion, including the free ends of the first outer portion, is displaced from the second outer portion in its entirety at different rates as the inner core moves with respect to the first outer portion, and 3) movement of the inner core with respect to the second outer portion is also with respect to the first outer portion.
  • 5. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein the first outer portion defines a pair of third sloped engagement surfaces, and the inner core defines a pair of fourth sloped engagement surfaces that engage the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces, such that relative movement between the inner core and the first outer portion causes the third sloped engagement surfaces to ride along the fourth sloped engagement surfaces, respectively, which causes an entirety of the first outer portion to deflect away from the second outer portion, thereby moving the implant from the initial position to the expanded position.
  • 6. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 5, engagement surfaces of the pair of third sloped engagement surfaces are angled with respect to each other, and the engagement surfaces of the pair of fourth sloped engagement surfaces are angled with respect to each other.
  • 7. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein different regions of the first outer portion are displaced from the second outer portion at different respective rates as the inner core moves with respect to the first outer portion.
  • 8. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the inner core is translatable linearly with respect to each of the first and second outer portions.
  • 9. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the first vertebral engagement surface of the first outer portion is sloped equal and opposite the second vertebral engagement surface when the implant is in the expanded position.
  • 10. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein (i) the expandable intervertebral implant is designed such that when the expandable intervertebral implant is in the initial position, a height from the first vertebral engagement surface to the second vertebral engagement surface is a minimum height such that the implant is unable to achieve a height less than the minimum height via movement of the inner core relative to each of the first and second outer portions, and (ii) when the expandable intervertebral implant is in the expanded position, the first and second outer portions are prevented from moving toward each other in a direction from the expanded position to the initial position while (a) the first sloped engagement surfaces are engaged with the second sloped engagement surfaces, respectively, and (b) the third sloped engagement surfaces are engaged with the fourth sloped engagement surfaces.
  • 11. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, further comprising a biasing member that is configured to apply a biasing force to the inner core that drives the inner core to move relative to each of the first and second outer portions.
  • 12. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the inner core defines a bore, and the expandable intervertebral implant further comprises an elongate member that extends through the bore, the elongate member configured to apply a biasing force that drives the inner core to move relative to each of the first and second outer portions.
  • 13. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the engagement surfaces of the pair of second sloped engagement surfaces are sloped opposite the engagement surfaces of the pair of fourth sloped engagement surfaces.
  • 14. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 13, wherein the engagement surfaces of the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces are sloped opposite the engagement surfaces of the pair of third sloped engagement surfaces.
  • 15. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the first and second vertebral engagement surfaces are curved.
  • 16. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, wherein the implant is prevented from moving from the expanded position toward the initial position in response to anatomical forces.
  • 17. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 6, further comprising first and second openings that extend vertically through the first and second outer portions, respectively.
  • 18. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein when the implant is in the initial position, the first sloped engagement surfaces abut the second sloped engagement surfaces along the transverse direction.
  • 19. The expandable intervertebral implant of claim 1: wherein the second outer portion defines a pair of first sloped engagement surfaces, and the inner core defines a pair of second sloped engagement surfaces that engage the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces such that the first sloped engagement surfaces ride along the second sloped engagement surfaces, andwherein the pair of first sloped engagement surfaces face the second pair of sloped engagement surfaces along the transverse direction when the expandable intervertebral implant is in the initial position.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/988,501, filed Jan. 5, 2016, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/565,611, filed Dec. 10, 2014, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/936,466, filed Oct. 5, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,936,641, which is a National Stage of International Application Serial No. PCT/US2009/039501, filed Apr. 3, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/042,724, filed on Apr. 5, 2008, the disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety herein.

US Referenced Citations (2645)
Number Name Date Kind
1802560 Kerwin Apr 1931 A
1924695 Olson Aug 1933 A
1965653 Kennedy Jul 1934 A
2077804 Morrison Apr 1937 A
2115250 Bruson Apr 1938 A
2121193 Hanicke Jun 1938 A
2170111 Bruson Aug 1939 A
2173655 Neracher et al. Sep 1939 A
2229024 Bruson Jan 1941 A
2243717 Moreira May 1941 A
2381050 Hardinge Aug 1945 A
2388056 Hendricks Oct 1945 A
2485531 William et al. Oct 1949 A
2489870 Dzus Nov 1949 A
2570465 Lundholm Oct 1951 A
2677369 Knowles May 1954 A
2706701 Hans et al. Apr 1955 A
2710277 Shelanski et al. Jun 1955 A
2826532 Hosmer Mar 1958 A
2900305 Siggia Aug 1959 A
2977315 Scheib et al. Mar 1961 A
3091237 Skinner May 1963 A
3112743 Cochran et al. Dec 1963 A
3115804 Johnson Dec 1963 A
3228828 Romano Jan 1966 A
3312139 Di Cristina Apr 1967 A
3486505 Morrison Dec 1969 A
3489143 Halloran Jan 1970 A
3648294 Shahrestani Mar 1972 A
3698391 Mahony Oct 1972 A
3717655 Godefroi et al. Feb 1973 A
3760802 Fischer et al. Sep 1973 A
3800788 White Apr 1974 A
3805775 Fischer et al. Apr 1974 A
3811449 Gravlee et al. May 1974 A
3842825 Wagner Oct 1974 A
3848601 Ma et al. Nov 1974 A
3855638 Pilliar Dec 1974 A
3867728 Stubstad et al. Feb 1975 A
3875595 Froning Apr 1975 A
3889665 Ling et al. Jun 1975 A
3964480 Froning Jun 1976 A
3986504 Avila Oct 1976 A
4013071 Rosenberg Mar 1977 A
4052988 Doddi et al. Oct 1977 A
4091806 Aginsky May 1978 A
4105034 Shalaby et al. Aug 1978 A
4130639 Shalaby et al. Dec 1978 A
4140678 Shalaby et al. Feb 1979 A
4175555 Herbert Nov 1979 A
4205399 Jamiolkowski et al. Jun 1980 A
4236512 Aginsky Dec 1980 A
4249435 Smith et al. Feb 1981 A
4262665 Roalstad et al. Apr 1981 A
4262676 Jamshidi Apr 1981 A
4274163 Malcom et al. Jun 1981 A
4275717 Bolesky Jun 1981 A
4312337 Donohue Jan 1982 A
4312353 Shahbabian Jan 1982 A
4313434 Segal Feb 1982 A
4341206 Perrett et al. Jul 1982 A
4349921 Kuntz Sep 1982 A
4350151 Scott Sep 1982 A
4351069 Ballintyn et al. Sep 1982 A
4352883 Lim Oct 1982 A
4369790 McCarthy Jan 1983 A
4399814 Pratt et al. Aug 1983 A
4401112 Rezaian Aug 1983 A
4401433 Luther Aug 1983 A
4409974 Freedland Oct 1983 A
4440921 Allcock et al. Apr 1984 A
4449532 Storz May 1984 A
4451256 Weikl et al. May 1984 A
4456005 Lichty Jun 1984 A
4462394 Jacobs Jul 1984 A
4463753 Gustilo Aug 1984 A
4466435 Murray Aug 1984 A
4467479 Brody Aug 1984 A
4488543 Tornier Dec 1984 A
4488549 Lee et al. Dec 1984 A
4494535 Haig Jan 1985 A
4495174 Allcock et al. Jan 1985 A
4532660 Field Aug 1985 A
4537185 Stednitz Aug 1985 A
4538612 Patrick, Jr. Sep 1985 A
4542539 Rowe et al. Sep 1985 A
4545374 Jacobson Oct 1985 A
4562598 Kranz Jan 1986 A
4573448 Kambin Mar 1986 A
4595006 Burke et al. Jun 1986 A
4601710 Moll Jul 1986 A
4625722 Murray Dec 1986 A
4625725 Davison et al. Dec 1986 A
4627434 Murray Dec 1986 A
4628945 Johnson, Jr. Dec 1986 A
4629450 Suzuki et al. Dec 1986 A
4630616 Tretinyak Dec 1986 A
4632101 Freedland Dec 1986 A
4640271 Lower Feb 1987 A
4641640 Griggs Feb 1987 A
4645503 Lin et al. Feb 1987 A
4646741 Smith Mar 1987 A
4651717 Jakubczak Mar 1987 A
4653489 Tronzo Mar 1987 A
4665906 Jervis May 1987 A
4667663 Miyata May 1987 A
4686973 Frisch Aug 1987 A
4686984 Bonnet Aug 1987 A
4688561 Reese Aug 1987 A
4697584 Haynes Oct 1987 A
4706670 Andersen et al. Nov 1987 A
4714469 Kenna Dec 1987 A
4714478 Fischer Dec 1987 A
4721103 Freedland Jan 1988 A
4723544 Moore et al. Feb 1988 A
4743256 Brantigan May 1988 A
4743257 Toermaelae et al. May 1988 A
4759766 Buettner-Janz et al. Jul 1988 A
4760843 Fischer et al. Aug 1988 A
4772287 Ray et al. Sep 1988 A
4790304 Rosenberg Dec 1988 A
4790817 Luther Dec 1988 A
4796612 Reese Jan 1989 A
4802479 Haber et al. Feb 1989 A
4815909 Simons Mar 1989 A
4827917 Brumfield May 1989 A
4834069 Umeda May 1989 A
4834757 Brantigan May 1989 A
4838282 Strasser et al. Jun 1989 A
4858601 Glisson Aug 1989 A
4862891 Smith Sep 1989 A
4863476 Shepperd Sep 1989 A
4870153 Matzner et al. Sep 1989 A
4871366 Von et al. Oct 1989 A
4873976 Schreiber Oct 1989 A
4878915 Brantigan Nov 1989 A
4880622 Allcock et al. Nov 1989 A
4888022 Huebsch Dec 1989 A
4888024 Powlan Dec 1989 A
4889119 Jamiolkowski et al. Dec 1989 A
4892550 Huebsch Jan 1990 A
4896662 Noble Jan 1990 A
4898186 Ikada et al. Feb 1990 A
4898577 Badger et al. Feb 1990 A
4903692 Reese Feb 1990 A
4904261 Dove et al. Feb 1990 A
4911718 Lee et al. Mar 1990 A
4917554 Bronn Apr 1990 A
4932969 Frey et al. Jun 1990 A
4940467 Tronzo Jul 1990 A
4941466 Romano Jul 1990 A
4946378 Hirayama et al. Aug 1990 A
4959064 Engelhardt Sep 1990 A
4961740 Ray et al. Oct 1990 A
4963144 Huene Oct 1990 A
4966587 Baumgart Oct 1990 A
4968317 Toermaelae et al. Nov 1990 A
4969888 Scholten et al. Nov 1990 A
4978334 Toye et al. Dec 1990 A
4978349 Frigg Dec 1990 A
4981482 Ichikawa Jan 1991 A
4988351 Paulos et al. Jan 1991 A
4994027 Farrell Feb 1991 A
4995200 Eberhart Feb 1991 A
5002557 Hasson Mar 1991 A
5006121 Hafeli Apr 1991 A
5011484 Breard Apr 1991 A
5013315 Barrows May 1991 A
5013316 Goble et al. May 1991 A
5015247 Michelson May 1991 A
5015255 Kuslich May 1991 A
5019082 Frey et al. May 1991 A
5030233 Ducheyne Jul 1991 A
5051189 Farrah Sep 1991 A
5053035 McLaren Oct 1991 A
5055104 Ray Oct 1991 A
5059193 Kuslich Oct 1991 A
5062849 Schelhas Nov 1991 A
5071435 Fuchs et al. Dec 1991 A
5071437 Steffee Dec 1991 A
5080662 Paul Jan 1992 A
5084043 Hertzmann et al. Jan 1992 A
5092891 Kummer et al. Mar 1992 A
5098241 Aldridge et al. Mar 1992 A
5098433 Freedland Mar 1992 A
5098435 Stednitz et al. Mar 1992 A
5102413 Poddar Apr 1992 A
5108404 Scholten et al. Apr 1992 A
5114407 Burbank May 1992 A
5116336 Frigg May 1992 A
5120171 Lasner Jun 1992 A
5122130 Keller Jun 1992 A
5122133 Evans Jun 1992 A
5122141 Simpson et al. Jun 1992 A
5123926 Pisharodi Jun 1992 A
5133719 Winston Jul 1992 A
5133755 Brekke Jul 1992 A
5134477 Knauer et al. Jul 1992 A
5139486 Moss Aug 1992 A
5147366 Arroyo et al. Sep 1992 A
5158543 Lazarus Oct 1992 A
5163939 Winston Nov 1992 A
5163989 Campbell et al. Nov 1992 A
5167663 Brumfield Dec 1992 A
5167664 Hodorek Dec 1992 A
5169400 Muehling et al. Dec 1992 A
5169402 Elloy Dec 1992 A
5171278 Pisharodi Dec 1992 A
5171279 Mathews Dec 1992 A
5171280 Baumgartner Dec 1992 A
5176651 Allgood et al. Jan 1993 A
5176683 Kimsey et al. Jan 1993 A
5176692 Wilk et al. Jan 1993 A
5176697 Hasson et al. Jan 1993 A
5178501 Carstairs Jan 1993 A
5183052 Terwilliger Feb 1993 A
5183464 Dubrul et al. Feb 1993 A
5188118 Terwilliger Feb 1993 A
5192327 Brantigan Mar 1993 A
5195506 Hulfish Mar 1993 A
5201742 Hasson Apr 1993 A
5217462 Asnis et al. Jun 1993 A
5217475 Kuber Jun 1993 A
5217486 Rice et al. Jun 1993 A
5224952 Deniega et al. Jul 1993 A
5228441 Lundquist Jul 1993 A
5234431 Keller Aug 1993 A
5241972 Bonati Sep 1993 A
5242410 Melker Sep 1993 A
5242447 Borzone Sep 1993 A
5242448 Pettine et al. Sep 1993 A
5242879 Abe et al. Sep 1993 A
5246441 Ross et al. Sep 1993 A
5250049 Michael Oct 1993 A
5250061 Michelson Oct 1993 A
5257632 Turkel et al. Nov 1993 A
5263953 Bagby Nov 1993 A
5269797 Bonati et al. Dec 1993 A
5280782 Wilk Jan 1994 A
5285795 Ryan et al. Feb 1994 A
5286001 Rafeld Feb 1994 A
5290243 Chodorow et al. Mar 1994 A
5290312 Kojimoto et al. Mar 1994 A
5300074 Frigg Apr 1994 A
5303718 Krajicek Apr 1994 A
5304142 Liebl et al. Apr 1994 A
5306307 Senter et al. Apr 1994 A
5306308 Gross et al. Apr 1994 A
5306309 Wagner et al. Apr 1994 A
5306310 Siebels Apr 1994 A
5308327 Heaven et al. May 1994 A
5308352 Koutrouvelis May 1994 A
5312410 Miller et al. May 1994 A
5312417 Wilk May 1994 A
5314477 Marnay May 1994 A
5320644 Baumgartner Jun 1994 A
5322505 Krause et al. Jun 1994 A
5324261 Amundson et al. Jun 1994 A
5330429 Noguchi et al. Jul 1994 A
5331975 Bonutti Jul 1994 A
5334184 Bimman Aug 1994 A
5334204 Clewett et al. Aug 1994 A
5342365 Waldman Aug 1994 A
5342382 Brinkerhoff et al. Aug 1994 A
5344252 Kakimoto Sep 1994 A
5361752 Moll et al. Nov 1994 A
5364398 Chapman et al. Nov 1994 A
5370646 Reese et al. Dec 1994 A
5370647 Graber et al. Dec 1994 A
5370661 Branch Dec 1994 A
5370697 Baumgartner Dec 1994 A
5372660 Davidson et al. Dec 1994 A
5374267 Siegal Dec 1994 A
5382248 Jacobson et al. Jan 1995 A
5383932 Wilson et al. Jan 1995 A
5385151 Scarfone et al. Jan 1995 A
5387213 Breard et al. Feb 1995 A
5387215 Fisher Feb 1995 A
5390683 Pisharodi Feb 1995 A
5395317 Kambin Mar 1995 A
5395371 Miller et al. Mar 1995 A
5397364 Kozak et al. Mar 1995 A
5401269 Buettner-Janz et al. Mar 1995 A
5407430 Peters Apr 1995 A
5410016 Hubbell et al. Apr 1995 A
5415661 Holmes May 1995 A
5423816 Lin Jun 1995 A
5423817 Lin Jun 1995 A
5423850 Berger Jun 1995 A
5424773 Saito Jun 1995 A
5425773 Boyd et al. Jun 1995 A
5431658 Moskovich Jul 1995 A
5441538 Bonutti Aug 1995 A
5443514 Steffee Aug 1995 A
5449359 Groiso Sep 1995 A
5449361 Preissman Sep 1995 A
5452748 Simmons et al. Sep 1995 A
5454365 Bonutti Oct 1995 A
5454790 Dubrul Oct 1995 A
5454815 Geisser et al. Oct 1995 A
5454827 Aust et al. Oct 1995 A
5456686 Klapper et al. Oct 1995 A
5458641 Ramirez Jimenez Oct 1995 A
5458643 Oka et al. Oct 1995 A
5462563 Shearer et al. Oct 1995 A
5464427 Curtis et al. Nov 1995 A
5464929 Bezwada et al. Nov 1995 A
5468245 Vargas, III Nov 1995 A
5470333 Ray Nov 1995 A
5472426 Bonati et al. Dec 1995 A
5474539 Costa et al. Dec 1995 A
5480400 Berger Jan 1996 A
5484437 Michelson Jan 1996 A
5486190 Green Jan 1996 A
5496318 Howland et al. Mar 1996 A
5498265 Asnis et al. Mar 1996 A
5501695 Anspach et al. Mar 1996 A
5505710 Dorsey, III Apr 1996 A
5507816 Bullivant Apr 1996 A
5509923 Middleman et al. Apr 1996 A
5512037 Russell et al. Apr 1996 A
5514143 Bonutti et al. May 1996 A
5514153 Bonutti May 1996 A
5514180 Heggeness et al. May 1996 A
5520690 Errico et al. May 1996 A
5520896 De et al. May 1996 A
5522398 Goldenberg et al. Jun 1996 A
5522790 Moll et al. Jun 1996 A
5522846 Bonutti Jun 1996 A
5522895 Mikos Jun 1996 A
5522899 Michelson Jun 1996 A
5527312 Ray Jun 1996 A
5527343 Bonutti Jun 1996 A
5527624 Higgins et al. Jun 1996 A
5531856 Moll et al. Jul 1996 A
5534023 Henley Jul 1996 A
5534029 Shima Jul 1996 A
5534030 Navarro et al. Jul 1996 A
5536127 Pennig Jul 1996 A
5538009 Byrne et al. Jul 1996 A
5540688 Navas Jul 1996 A
5540693 Fisher Jul 1996 A
5540711 Kieturakis et al. Jul 1996 A
5545164 Howland Aug 1996 A
5545222 Bonutti Aug 1996 A
5549610 Russell et al. Aug 1996 A
5549679 Kuslich Aug 1996 A
5554191 Lahille et al. Sep 1996 A
5556431 Buttner-Janz Sep 1996 A
5558674 Heggeness et al. Sep 1996 A
D374287 Goble et al. Oct 1996 S
5562736 Ray et al. Oct 1996 A
5562738 Boyd et al. Oct 1996 A
5564926 Braannemark Oct 1996 A
5569248 Mathews Oct 1996 A
5569251 Baker et al. Oct 1996 A
5569290 McAfee Oct 1996 A
5569548 Koike et al. Oct 1996 A
5571109 Bertagnoli Nov 1996 A
5571189 Kuslich Nov 1996 A
5571190 Ulrich et al. Nov 1996 A
5575790 Chen et al. Nov 1996 A
5591168 Judet et al. Jan 1997 A
5593409 Michelson Jan 1997 A
5595751 Bezwada et al. Jan 1997 A
5597579 Bezwada et al. Jan 1997 A
5601556 Pisharodi Feb 1997 A
5601561 Terry et al. Feb 1997 A
5601572 Middleman et al. Feb 1997 A
5607687 Bezwada et al. Mar 1997 A
5609634 Voydeville Mar 1997 A
5609635 Michelson Mar 1997 A
5613950 Yoon Mar 1997 A
5618142 Sonden et al. Apr 1997 A
5618314 Harwin et al. Apr 1997 A
5618552 Bezwada et al. Apr 1997 A
5620698 Bezwada et al. Apr 1997 A
5624447 Myers Apr 1997 A
5626613 Schmieding May 1997 A
5628751 Sander et al. May 1997 A
5628752 Asnis et al. May 1997 A
5632746 Middleman et al. May 1997 A
5639276 Weinstock et al. Jun 1997 A
5643320 Lower et al. Jul 1997 A
5645589 Li Jul 1997 A
5645596 Kim et al. Jul 1997 A
5645597 Krapiva Jul 1997 A
5645599 Samani Jul 1997 A
5645850 Bezwada et al. Jul 1997 A
5647857 Anderson et al. Jul 1997 A
5648088 Bezwada et al. Jul 1997 A
5649931 Bryant et al. Jul 1997 A
5653763 Errico et al. Aug 1997 A
5658335 Allen Aug 1997 A
5662683 Kay Sep 1997 A
5665095 Jacobson et al. Sep 1997 A
5665122 Kambin Sep 1997 A
5667508 Errico et al. Sep 1997 A
5669915 Caspar et al. Sep 1997 A
5669926 Aust et al. Sep 1997 A
5674294 Bainville et al. Oct 1997 A
5674295 Ray et al. Oct 1997 A
5674296 Bryan et al. Oct 1997 A
5676701 Yuan et al. Oct 1997 A
5679723 Cooper et al. Oct 1997 A
5681263 Flesch Oct 1997 A
5683465 Shinn et al. Nov 1997 A
5693100 Pisharodi Dec 1997 A
5695513 Johnson et al. Dec 1997 A
5697977 Pisharodi Dec 1997 A
5698213 Jamiolkowski et al. Dec 1997 A
5700239 Yoon Dec 1997 A
5700583 Jamiolkowski et al. Dec 1997 A
5702391 Lin Dec 1997 A
5702449 McKay Dec 1997 A
5702450 Bisserie Dec 1997 A
5702453 Rabbe et al. Dec 1997 A
5702454 Baumgartner Dec 1997 A
5707359 Bufalini Jan 1998 A
5713870 Yoon Feb 1998 A
5713903 Sander et al. Feb 1998 A
5716415 Steffee Feb 1998 A
5716416 Lin Feb 1998 A
5720753 Sander et al. Feb 1998 A
5725531 Shapiro Mar 1998 A
5725541 Anspach et al. Mar 1998 A
5725588 Errico et al. Mar 1998 A
5728097 Mathews Mar 1998 A
5728116 Rosenman Mar 1998 A
5735853 Olerud Apr 1998 A
5741253 Michelson Apr 1998 A
5741282 Anspach et al. Apr 1998 A
5743881 Demco Apr 1998 A
5743912 Lahille et al. Apr 1998 A
5743914 Skiba Apr 1998 A
5749879 Middleman et al. May 1998 A
5749889 Bacich et al. May 1998 A
5752969 Cunci et al. May 1998 A
5755797 Baumgartner May 1998 A
5755798 Papavero et al. May 1998 A
5756127 Grisoni et al. May 1998 A
5762500 Lazarof Jun 1998 A
5762629 Kambin Jun 1998 A
5766252 Henry et al. Jun 1998 A
5772661 Michelson Jun 1998 A
5772662 Chapman et al. Jun 1998 A
5772678 Thomason et al. Jun 1998 A
5776156 Shikhman Jul 1998 A
5782800 Yoon Jul 1998 A
5782832 Larsen et al. Jul 1998 A
5782865 Grotz Jul 1998 A
5788703 Mittelmeier et al. Aug 1998 A
5792044 Foley et al. Aug 1998 A
5797909 Michelson Aug 1998 A
5800549 Bao et al. Sep 1998 A
5807275 Jamshidi Sep 1998 A
5807327 Green et al. Sep 1998 A
5810721 Mueller et al. Sep 1998 A
5810821 Vandewalle Sep 1998 A
5810866 Yoon Sep 1998 A
5814084 Grivas et al. Sep 1998 A
5820628 Middleman et al. Oct 1998 A
5823979 Mezo Oct 1998 A
5824084 Muschler Oct 1998 A
5824093 Ray et al. Oct 1998 A
5824094 Serhan et al. Oct 1998 A
5827289 Reiley et al. Oct 1998 A
5833657 Reinhardt et al. Nov 1998 A
5836948 Zucherman et al. Nov 1998 A
5837752 Shastri et al. Nov 1998 A
5846259 Berthiaume Dec 1998 A
5848986 Lundquist et al. Dec 1998 A
5849004 Bramlet Dec 1998 A
5851212 Zirps et al. Dec 1998 A
5851216 Allen Dec 1998 A
5857995 Thomas et al. Jan 1999 A
5859150 Jamiolkowski et al. Jan 1999 A
5860973 Michelson Jan 1999 A
5860977 Zucherman et al. Jan 1999 A
5865846 Bryan et al. Feb 1999 A
5865848 Baker Feb 1999 A
5871485 Rao et al. Feb 1999 A
5873854 Wolvek Feb 1999 A
5876404 Zucherman et al. Mar 1999 A
5888220 Felt et al. Mar 1999 A
5888223 Bray, Jr. Mar 1999 A
5888224 Beckers et al. Mar 1999 A
5888226 Rogozinski Mar 1999 A
5888227 Cottle Mar 1999 A
5888228 Knothe et al. Mar 1999 A
5893850 Cachia Apr 1999 A
5893889 Harrington Apr 1999 A
5893890 Pisharodi Apr 1999 A
5895428 Berry Apr 1999 A
5902231 Foley et al. May 1999 A
5904690 Middleman et al. May 1999 A
5904696 Rosenman May 1999 A
5908422 Bresina Jun 1999 A
5916228 Ripich et al. Jun 1999 A
5916267 Tienboon Jun 1999 A
5919235 Husson et al. Jul 1999 A
5925056 Thomas et al. Jul 1999 A
5925074 Gingras et al. Jul 1999 A
5928235 Friedl Jul 1999 A
5928244 Tovey et al. Jul 1999 A
5931870 Cuckler et al. Aug 1999 A
5935129 McDevitt et al. Aug 1999 A
5947999 Groiso Sep 1999 A
5948000 Larsen et al. Sep 1999 A
5954722 Bono Sep 1999 A
5954747 Clark Sep 1999 A
5957902 Teves Sep 1999 A
5957924 Toermaelae et al. Sep 1999 A
5961554 Janson et al. Oct 1999 A
5964730 Williams et al. Oct 1999 A
5964761 Kambin Oct 1999 A
5967783 Ura Oct 1999 A
5967970 Cowan et al. Oct 1999 A
5968044 Nicholson et al. Oct 1999 A
5968098 Winslow Oct 1999 A
5972015 Scribner et al. Oct 1999 A
5972385 Liu et al. Oct 1999 A
5976139 Bramlet Nov 1999 A
5976146 Ogawa et al. Nov 1999 A
5976186 Bao et al. Nov 1999 A
5976187 Richelsoph Nov 1999 A
5980522 Koros et al. Nov 1999 A
5984927 Wenstrom et al. Nov 1999 A
5984966 Kiema et al. Nov 1999 A
5985307 Hanson et al. Nov 1999 A
5989255 Pepper et al. Nov 1999 A
5989291 Ralph et al. Nov 1999 A
5993459 Larsen et al. Nov 1999 A
5997510 Schwemberger Dec 1999 A
5997538 Asnis et al. Dec 1999 A
5997541 Schenk Dec 1999 A
6001100 Sherman et al. Dec 1999 A
6001101 Augagneur et al. Dec 1999 A
6004327 Asnis et al. Dec 1999 A
6005161 Brekke Dec 1999 A
6007519 Rosselli Dec 1999 A
6007566 Wenstrom, Jr. Dec 1999 A
6007580 Lehto et al. Dec 1999 A
6010508 Bradley Jan 2000 A
6010513 Toermaelae et al. Jan 2000 A
6012494 Balazs Jan 2000 A
6015410 Toermaelae et al. Jan 2000 A
6015436 Helmut Jan 2000 A
6019762 Cole Feb 2000 A
6019792 Cauthen Feb 2000 A
6019793 Perren et al. Feb 2000 A
6022350 Ganem Feb 2000 A
6022352 Vandewalle Feb 2000 A
6030162 Huebner Feb 2000 A
6030364 Durgin et al. Feb 2000 A
6030401 Marino Feb 2000 A
6033406 Mathews Mar 2000 A
6033412 Losken et al. Mar 2000 A
6036701 Rosenman Mar 2000 A
6039740 Olerud Mar 2000 A
6039761 Li et al. Mar 2000 A
6039763 Shelokov Mar 2000 A
6045552 Zucherman et al. Apr 2000 A
6045579 Hochschuler et al. Apr 2000 A
6048309 Flom et al. Apr 2000 A
6048342 Zucherman et al. Apr 2000 A
6048346 Reiley et al. Apr 2000 A
6048360 Khosravi et al. Apr 2000 A
6053922 Krause et al. Apr 2000 A
6053935 Brenneman et al. Apr 2000 A
6056763 Parsons May 2000 A
6063121 Xavier et al. May 2000 A
6066142 Serbousek et al. May 2000 A
6066154 Reiley et al. May 2000 A
6066175 Henderson et al. May 2000 A
6068630 Zucherman et al. May 2000 A
6068648 Cole et al. May 2000 A
6071982 Wise et al. Jun 2000 A
6073051 Sharkey et al. Jun 2000 A
6074390 Zucherman et al. Jun 2000 A
6080155 Michelson Jun 2000 A
6080158 Lin Jun 2000 A
6080193 Hochschuler et al. Jun 2000 A
6083225 Winslow et al. Jul 2000 A
6083244 Lubbers et al. Jul 2000 A
6090112 Zucherman et al. Jul 2000 A
6090143 Meriwether et al. Jul 2000 A
6096038 Michelson Aug 2000 A
6096080 Nicholson et al. Aug 2000 A
6099531 Bonutti Aug 2000 A
6102914 Bulstra et al. Aug 2000 A
6102950 Vaccaro Aug 2000 A
6106557 Robioneck et al. Aug 2000 A
6110210 Norton et al. Aug 2000 A
6113624 Bezwada et al. Sep 2000 A
6113637 Gill et al. Sep 2000 A
6113638 Williams et al. Sep 2000 A
6113640 Toermaelae et al. Sep 2000 A
6117174 Nolan Sep 2000 A
6119044 Kuzma Sep 2000 A
6120508 Gruenig et al. Sep 2000 A
6123705 Michelson Sep 2000 A
6123711 Winters Sep 2000 A
6126660 Dietz Oct 2000 A
6126661 Faccioli et al. Oct 2000 A
6126663 Hair Oct 2000 A
6126686 Badylak et al. Oct 2000 A
6126689 Brett Oct 2000 A
6127597 Beyar et al. Oct 2000 A
6129762 Li Oct 2000 A
6129763 Chauvin et al. Oct 2000 A
6132435 Young Oct 2000 A
6136031 Middleton Oct 2000 A
6139558 Wagner Oct 2000 A
6139579 Steffee et al. Oct 2000 A
6146384 Lee et al. Nov 2000 A
6146387 Trott et al. Nov 2000 A
6146420 McKay Nov 2000 A
6146421 Gordon et al. Nov 2000 A
6147135 Yuan et al. Nov 2000 A
6149652 Zucherman et al. Nov 2000 A
6152926 Zucherman et al. Nov 2000 A
6156038 Zucherman et al. Dec 2000 A
6159179 Simonson Dec 2000 A
6159211 Boriani et al. Dec 2000 A
6159244 Suddaby Dec 2000 A
6161350 Espinosa Dec 2000 A
6162234 Freedland et al. Dec 2000 A
6162236 Osada Dec 2000 A
6162252 Kuras et al. Dec 2000 A
6165218 Husson et al. Dec 2000 A
6165486 Marra et al. Dec 2000 A
6168595 Durham et al. Jan 2001 B1
6168597 Biedermann et al. Jan 2001 B1
6171610 Vacanti et al. Jan 2001 B1
6174337 Keenan Jan 2001 B1
6175758 Kambin Jan 2001 B1
6176882 Biedermann et al. Jan 2001 B1
6179794 Burras Jan 2001 B1
6179873 Zientek Jan 2001 B1
6183471 Zucherman et al. Feb 2001 B1
6183472 Lutz Feb 2001 B1
6183474 Bramlet et al. Feb 2001 B1
6183517 Suddaby Feb 2001 B1
6187043 Ledergerber Feb 2001 B1
6187048 Milner et al. Feb 2001 B1
6190387 Zucherman et al. Feb 2001 B1
6190414 Young et al. Feb 2001 B1
6193757 Foley et al. Feb 2001 B1
6197033 Haid et al. Mar 2001 B1
6197041 Shichman et al. Mar 2001 B1
6197065 Martin et al. Mar 2001 B1
6197325 Macphee et al. Mar 2001 B1
6200322 Branch et al. Mar 2001 B1
6203565 Bonutti et al. Mar 2001 B1
6206826 Mathews et al. Mar 2001 B1
6206922 Zdeblick et al. Mar 2001 B1
D439980 Reiley et al. Apr 2001 S
6213957 Milliman et al. Apr 2001 B1
6214368 Lee et al. Apr 2001 B1
6217509 Foley et al. Apr 2001 B1
6217579 Koros Apr 2001 B1
6221082 Marino et al. Apr 2001 B1
6224603 Marino May 2001 B1
6224631 Kohrs May 2001 B1
6224894 Jamiolkowski et al. May 2001 B1
6228058 Dennis et al. May 2001 B1
6231606 Graf et al. May 2001 B1
6235030 Zuckerman et al. May 2001 B1
6235043 Reiley et al. May 2001 B1
6238397 Zuckerman et al. May 2001 B1
6238491 Davidson et al. May 2001 B1
6241733 Nicholson et al. Jun 2001 B1
6241734 Scribner et al. Jun 2001 B1
6241769 Nicholson et al. Jun 2001 B1
6245107 Ferree Jun 2001 B1
6248108 Toermaelae et al. Jun 2001 B1
6248110 Reiley et al. Jun 2001 B1
6248131 Felt et al. Jun 2001 B1
6251111 Barker et al. Jun 2001 B1
6251140 Marino et al. Jun 2001 B1
6258093 Edwards et al. Jul 2001 B1
6261289 Levy Jul 2001 B1
6264676 Gellman et al. Jul 2001 B1
6264695 Stoy Jul 2001 B1
6267763 Castro Jul 2001 B1
6267765 Taylor et al. Jul 2001 B1
6267767 Strobel et al. Jul 2001 B1
6277149 Boyle et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280444 Zucherman et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280456 Scribner et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280474 Cassidy et al. Aug 2001 B1
6280475 Bao et al. Aug 2001 B1
6287313 Sasso Sep 2001 B1
6290724 Marino Sep 2001 B1
6293909 Chu et al. Sep 2001 B1
6293952 Brosens et al. Sep 2001 B1
D449691 Reiley et al. Oct 2001 S
6296644 Saurat et al. Oct 2001 B1
6296647 Robioneck et al. Oct 2001 B1
6302914 Michelson Oct 2001 B1
6306136 Baccelli Oct 2001 B1
6306177 Felt et al. Oct 2001 B1
D450676 Huttner Nov 2001 S
6312443 Stone Nov 2001 B1
6319254 Giet et al. Nov 2001 B1
6319272 Brenneman et al. Nov 2001 B1
6331312 Lee et al. Dec 2001 B1
6332882 Zucherman et al. Dec 2001 B1
6332883 Zucherman et al. Dec 2001 B1
6332894 Stalcup et al. Dec 2001 B1
6332895 Suddaby Dec 2001 B1
6342074 Simpson Jan 2002 B1
6346092 Leschinsky Feb 2002 B1
6348053 Cachia Feb 2002 B1
6355043 Adam Mar 2002 B1
6361537 Anderson Mar 2002 B1
6361538 Fenaroli et al. Mar 2002 B1
6361557 Sittings et al. Mar 2002 B1
6364828 Yeung et al. Apr 2002 B1
6364897 Bonutti Apr 2002 B1
6368325 McKinley et al. Apr 2002 B1
6368350 Erickson et al. Apr 2002 B1
6368351 Glenn et al. Apr 2002 B1
6371971 Tsugita et al. Apr 2002 B1
6371989 Chauvin et al. Apr 2002 B1
6375681 Truscott Apr 2002 B1
6375682 Fleischmann et al. Apr 2002 B1
6375683 Crozet et al. Apr 2002 B1
6379355 Zuckerman et al. Apr 2002 B1
6379363 Herrington et al. Apr 2002 B1
6387130 Stone et al. May 2002 B1
6398793 McGuire Jun 2002 B1
6402750 Atkinson et al. Jun 2002 B1
6409766 Brett Jun 2002 B1
6409767 Perice Jun 2002 B1
6413278 Marchosky Jul 2002 B1
6416551 Keller Jul 2002 B1
6419641 Mark et al. Jul 2002 B1
6419676 Zuckerman et al. Jul 2002 B1
6419677 Zuckerman et al. Jul 2002 B2
6419704 Ferree Jul 2002 B1
6419705 Erickson Jul 2002 B1
6419706 Graf Jul 2002 B1
6423061 Bryant Jul 2002 B1
6423067 Eisermann Jul 2002 B1
6423071 Lawson Jul 2002 B1
6423083 Reiley et al. Jul 2002 B2
6423089 Gingras et al. Jul 2002 B1
6425887 McGuckin et al. Jul 2002 B1
6425919 Lambrecht Jul 2002 B1
6425920 Hamada Jul 2002 B1
6428541 Boyd et al. Aug 2002 B1
6428556 Chin Aug 2002 B1
6436101 Hamada Aug 2002 B1
6436140 Liu et al. Aug 2002 B1
6436143 Ross et al. Aug 2002 B1
6440138 Reiley et al. Aug 2002 B1
6440154 Gellman et al. Aug 2002 B2
6440169 Elberg et al. Aug 2002 B1
6443989 Jackson Sep 2002 B1
6447518 Krause et al. Sep 2002 B1
6447527 Thompson et al. Sep 2002 B1
6447540 Fontaine et al. Sep 2002 B1
6450989 Dubrul et al. Sep 2002 B2
6451019 Zucherman et al. Sep 2002 B1
6451020 Zucherman et al. Sep 2002 B1
6454806 Cohen et al. Sep 2002 B1
6454807 Jackson Sep 2002 B1
6458134 Songer et al. Oct 2002 B1
6461359 Tribus et al. Oct 2002 B1
6468277 Justin et al. Oct 2002 B1
6468279 Reo Oct 2002 B1
6468309 Lieberman Oct 2002 B1
6468310 Ralph et al. Oct 2002 B1
6471724 Zdeblick et al. Oct 2002 B2
6475226 Belef et al. Nov 2002 B1
6478029 Boyd et al. Nov 2002 B1
6478796 Zucherman et al. Nov 2002 B2
6478805 Marino et al. Nov 2002 B1
6482235 Lambrecht et al. Nov 2002 B1
6485491 Farris et al. Nov 2002 B1
6485518 Cornwall et al. Nov 2002 B1
D467657 Scribner Dec 2002 S
6488693 Gannoe et al. Dec 2002 B2
6488710 Besselink Dec 2002 B2
6489309 Singh et al. Dec 2002 B1
6491626 Stone et al. Dec 2002 B1
6491695 Roggenbuck Dec 2002 B1
6491714 Bennett Dec 2002 B1
6491724 Ferree Dec 2002 B1
6494860 Rocamora et al. Dec 2002 B2
6494883 Ferree Dec 2002 B1
6494893 Dubrul et al. Dec 2002 B2
6498421 Oh et al. Dec 2002 B1
6500178 Zuckerman et al. Dec 2002 B2
6500205 Michelson Dec 2002 B1
6506192 Gertzman et al. Jan 2003 B1
6508839 Lambrecht et al. Jan 2003 B1
6511471 Rosenman et al. Jan 2003 B2
6511481 Von et al. Jan 2003 B2
6512958 Swoyer et al. Jan 2003 B1
D469871 Sand Feb 2003 S
6514256 Zuckerman et al. Feb 2003 B2
6517543 Berrevoets et al. Feb 2003 B1
6517580 Ramadan et al. Feb 2003 B1
6520907 Foley et al. Feb 2003 B1
6520991 Huene Feb 2003 B2
D472323 Sand Mar 2003 S
6527774 Lieberman Mar 2003 B2
6527803 Crozet et al. Mar 2003 B1
6527804 Gauchet et al. Mar 2003 B1
6530930 Marino et al. Mar 2003 B1
6533791 Betz et al. Mar 2003 B1
6533797 Stone et al. Mar 2003 B1
6533818 Weber et al. Mar 2003 B1
6540747 Marino Apr 2003 B1
6544265 Lieberman Apr 2003 B2
6547793 McGuire Apr 2003 B1
6547795 Schneiderman Apr 2003 B2
6547823 Scarborough et al. Apr 2003 B2
6551319 Lieberman Apr 2003 B2
6551322 Lieberman Apr 2003 B1
6554831 Rivard et al. Apr 2003 B1
6554833 Levy et al. Apr 2003 B2
6554852 Oberlander Apr 2003 B1
6558389 Clark et al. May 2003 B2
6558390 Cragg May 2003 B2
6558424 Thalgott May 2003 B2
6562046 Sasso May 2003 B2
6562049 Norlander et al. May 2003 B1
6562072 Fuss et al. May 2003 B1
6562074 Gerbec et al. May 2003 B2
6575919 Reiley et al. Jun 2003 B1
6575979 Cragg Jun 2003 B1
6576016 Hochshuler et al. Jun 2003 B1
6579291 Keith et al. Jun 2003 B1
6579293 Chandran Jun 2003 B1
6579320 Gauchet et al. Jun 2003 B1
6579321 Gordon et al. Jun 2003 B1
6582390 Sanderson Jun 2003 B1
6582431 Ray Jun 2003 B1
6582433 Yun Jun 2003 B2
6582437 Dorchak et al. Jun 2003 B2
6582441 He et al. Jun 2003 B1
6582453 Tran et al. Jun 2003 B1
6582466 Gauchet Jun 2003 B1
6582467 Teitelbaum et al. Jun 2003 B1
6582468 Gauchet Jun 2003 B1
6585730 Foerster Jul 2003 B1
6585740 Schlapfer et al. Jul 2003 B2
6589240 Hinchliffe Jul 2003 B2
6589249 Sater et al. Jul 2003 B2
6592553 Zhang et al. Jul 2003 B2
6592624 Fraser et al. Jul 2003 B1
6592625 Cauthen Jul 2003 B2
6595998 Johnson et al. Jul 2003 B2
6596008 Kambin Jul 2003 B1
6599294 Fuss et al. Jul 2003 B2
6599297 Carlsson et al. Jul 2003 B1
6602293 Biermann et al. Aug 2003 B1
6607530 Carl et al. Aug 2003 B1
6607544 Boucher et al. Aug 2003 B1
6607558 Kuras Aug 2003 B2
6610066 Dinger et al. Aug 2003 B2
6610091 Reiley Aug 2003 B1
6610094 Jean-Louis Aug 2003 B2
6613050 Wagner et al. Sep 2003 B1
6613054 Scribner et al. Sep 2003 B2
6616678 Nishtala et al. Sep 2003 B2
6620196 Trieu Sep 2003 B1
6623505 Scribner et al. Sep 2003 B2
6626943 Eberlein et al. Sep 2003 B2
6626944 Taylor Sep 2003 B1
6629998 Lin Oct 2003 B1
6632224 Cachia et al. Oct 2003 B2
6632235 Weikel et al. Oct 2003 B2
6635059 Randall et al. Oct 2003 B2
6635060 Hanson et al. Oct 2003 B2
6635362 Zheng Oct 2003 B2
RE38335 Aust et al. Nov 2003 E
D482787 Reiss Nov 2003 S
6641564 Kraus Nov 2003 B1
6641582 Hanson et al. Nov 2003 B1
6641587 Scribner et al. Nov 2003 B2
6641614 Wagner et al. Nov 2003 B1
6645213 Sand et al. Nov 2003 B2
6645248 Casutt Nov 2003 B2
6648890 Culbert et al. Nov 2003 B2
6648893 Dudasik Nov 2003 B2
6648917 Gerbec et al. Nov 2003 B2
6652527 Zucherman et al. Nov 2003 B2
6652592 Grooms et al. Nov 2003 B1
D483495 Sand Dec 2003 S
6655962 Kennard Dec 2003 B1
6656178 Veldhuizen et al. Dec 2003 B1
6656180 Stahurski Dec 2003 B2
6660004 Barker et al. Dec 2003 B2
6660037 Husson et al. Dec 2003 B1
6663647 Reiley et al. Dec 2003 B2
6666890 Michelson Dec 2003 B2
6666891 Boehm et al. Dec 2003 B2
6669698 Tromanhauser et al. Dec 2003 B1
6669729 Chin Dec 2003 B2
6669732 Serhan et al. Dec 2003 B2
6673074 Shluzas Jan 2004 B2
6676663 Higueras et al. Jan 2004 B2
6676664 Al-Assir Jan 2004 B1
6676665 Foley et al. Jan 2004 B2
6679833 Smith et al. Jan 2004 B2
6679915 Cauthen Jan 2004 B1
6682535 Hoogland Jan 2004 B2
6682561 Songer et al. Jan 2004 B2
6682562 Mart et al. Jan 2004 B2
6685706 Padget et al. Feb 2004 B2
6685742 Jackson Feb 2004 B1
6689125 Keith et al. Feb 2004 B1
6689152 Balceta et al. Feb 2004 B2
6689168 Lieberman Feb 2004 B2
6692499 Toermaelae et al. Feb 2004 B2
6692563 Zimmermann Feb 2004 B2
6695842 Zucherman et al. Feb 2004 B2
6695851 Zdeblick et al. Feb 2004 B2
6699246 Zucherman et al. Mar 2004 B2
6699247 Zucherman et al. Mar 2004 B2
6706070 Wagner et al. Mar 2004 B1
6709458 Michelson Mar 2004 B2
6712819 Zucherman et al. Mar 2004 B2
6716216 Boucher et al. Apr 2004 B1
6716247 Michelson Apr 2004 B2
6716957 Tunc Apr 2004 B2
6719760 Dorchak et al. Apr 2004 B2
6719761 Reiley et al. Apr 2004 B1
6719773 Boucher et al. Apr 2004 B1
6719796 Cohen et al. Apr 2004 B2
6723096 Dorchak et al. Apr 2004 B1
6723126 Berry Apr 2004 B1
6723127 Ralph et al. Apr 2004 B2
6723128 Uk Apr 2004 B2
6726691 Osorio et al. Apr 2004 B2
D490159 Sand May 2004 S
6730126 Boehm et al. May 2004 B2
6733093 Deland et al. May 2004 B2
6733460 Ogura May 2004 B2
6733532 Gauchet et al. May 2004 B1
6733534 Sherman May 2004 B2
6733535 Michelson May 2004 B2
6733635 Ozawa et al. May 2004 B1
6740090 Cragg et al. May 2004 B1
6740093 Hochschuler et al. May 2004 B2
6740117 Ralph et al. May 2004 B2
D492032 Muller et al. Jun 2004 S
6743166 Berci et al. Jun 2004 B2
6743255 Ferree Jun 2004 B2
6746451 Middleton et al. Jun 2004 B2
6749560 Konstorum et al. Jun 2004 B1
6752831 Sybert et al. Jun 2004 B2
6755837 Ebner Jun 2004 B2
6755841 Fraser et al. Jun 2004 B2
D492775 Doelling et al. Jul 2004 S
D493533 Blain Jul 2004 S
6758673 Fromovich et al. Jul 2004 B2
6758847 Maguire Jul 2004 B2
6758861 Ralph et al. Jul 2004 B2
6758862 Berry et al. Jul 2004 B2
6761720 Senegas Jul 2004 B1
6764491 Frey et al. Jul 2004 B2
6764514 Li et al. Jul 2004 B1
D495417 Doelling et al. Aug 2004 S
6770075 Howland Aug 2004 B2
6773460 Jackson Aug 2004 B2
6780151 Grabover et al. Aug 2004 B2
6783530 Levy Aug 2004 B1
6790210 Cragg et al. Sep 2004 B1
6793656 Mathews Sep 2004 B1
6793678 Hawkins Sep 2004 B2
6793679 Michelson Sep 2004 B2
6796983 Zucherman et al. Sep 2004 B1
6805685 Taylor Oct 2004 B2
6805695 Keith et al. Oct 2004 B2
6805697 Helm et al. Oct 2004 B1
6805714 Sutcliffe Oct 2004 B2
6808526 Magerl et al. Oct 2004 B1
6808537 Michelson Oct 2004 B2
6814736 Reiley et al. Nov 2004 B2
6814756 Michelson Nov 2004 B1
6821298 Jackson Nov 2004 B1
6824565 Muhanna et al. Nov 2004 B2
6830589 Erickson Dec 2004 B2
6835205 Atkinson et al. Dec 2004 B2
6835206 Jackson Dec 2004 B2
6835208 Marchosky Dec 2004 B2
6840941 Rogers et al. Jan 2005 B2
6840944 Suddaby Jan 2005 B2
6852126 Ahlgren Feb 2005 B2
6852127 Varga et al. Feb 2005 B2
6852129 Gerbec et al. Feb 2005 B2
6855167 Shimp et al. Feb 2005 B2
6863668 Gillespie et al. Mar 2005 B2
6863672 Reiley et al. Mar 2005 B2
6863673 Gerbec et al. Mar 2005 B2
6866682 An et al. Mar 2005 B1
6875215 Taras et al. Apr 2005 B2
6878167 Ferree Apr 2005 B2
6881228 Zdeblick et al. Apr 2005 B2
6881229 Khandkar et al. Apr 2005 B2
6883520 Lambrecht et al. Apr 2005 B2
6887243 Culbert May 2005 B2
6887248 McKinley et al. May 2005 B2
6890333 Won et al. May 2005 B2
6893464 Kiester May 2005 B2
6893466 Tried May 2005 B2
6899716 Cragg May 2005 B2
6899719 Reiley et al. May 2005 B2
6899735 Coates et al. May 2005 B2
D506828 Layne et al. Jun 2005 S
6902566 Zucherman et al. Jun 2005 B2
6905512 Paes et al. Jun 2005 B2
6908465 Von et al. Jun 2005 B2
6908506 Zimmermann Jun 2005 B2
6916323 Kitchens Jul 2005 B2
6921403 Cragg et al. Jul 2005 B2
6923810 Michelson Aug 2005 B1
6923811 Carl et al. Aug 2005 B1
6923813 Phillips et al. Aug 2005 B2
6923814 Hildebrand et al. Aug 2005 B1
6929606 Ritland Aug 2005 B2
6929647 Cohen Aug 2005 B2
6936071 Marnay et al. Aug 2005 B1
6936072 Lambrecht et al. Aug 2005 B2
6942668 Padget et al. Sep 2005 B2
6945973 Bray Sep 2005 B2
6945975 Dalton Sep 2005 B2
6946000 Senegas et al. Sep 2005 B2
6949100 Venturini Sep 2005 B1
6949108 Holmes Sep 2005 B2
6951561 Warren et al. Oct 2005 B2
6952129 Lin et al. Oct 2005 B2
6953477 Berry Oct 2005 B2
6955691 Chae et al. Oct 2005 B2
6962606 Michelson Nov 2005 B2
6964674 Matsuura et al. Nov 2005 B1
6964686 Gordon Nov 2005 B2
6966910 Ritland Nov 2005 B2
6966912 Michelson Nov 2005 B2
6969404 Ferree Nov 2005 B2
6969405 Suddaby Nov 2005 B2
D512506 Layne et al. Dec 2005 S
6972035 Michelson Dec 2005 B2
6974479 Trieu Dec 2005 B2
6979341 Scribner et al. Dec 2005 B2
6979352 Reynolds Dec 2005 B2
6979353 Bresina Dec 2005 B2
6981981 Reiley et al. Jan 2006 B2
6997929 Manzi et al. Feb 2006 B2
7004945 Boyd et al. Feb 2006 B2
7004971 Serhan et al. Feb 2006 B2
7008431 Simonson Mar 2006 B2
7008453 Michelson Mar 2006 B1
7014633 Cragg Mar 2006 B2
7018089 Wenz et al. Mar 2006 B2
7018412 Ferreira et al. Mar 2006 B2
7018415 McKay Mar 2006 B1
7018416 Hanson et al. Mar 2006 B2
7018453 Klein et al. Mar 2006 B2
7022138 Mashburn Apr 2006 B2
7025746 Tal Apr 2006 B2
7025787 Bryan et al. Apr 2006 B2
7029473 Zucherman et al. Apr 2006 B2
7029498 Boehm et al. Apr 2006 B2
7037339 Houfburg May 2006 B2
7041107 Pohjonen et al. May 2006 B2
7044954 Reiley et al. May 2006 B2
7048694 Mark et al. May 2006 B2
7048736 Robinson et al. May 2006 B2
7060068 Tromanhauser et al. Jun 2006 B2
7060073 Frey et al. Jun 2006 B2
7063701 Michelson Jun 2006 B2
7063702 Michelson Jun 2006 B2
7063703 Reo Jun 2006 B2
7063725 Foley Jun 2006 B2
7066960 Dickman Jun 2006 B1
7066961 Michelson Jun 2006 B2
7069087 Sharkey et al. Jun 2006 B2
7070598 Lim et al. Jul 2006 B2
7070601 Culbert et al. Jul 2006 B2
7074203 Johanson et al. Jul 2006 B1
7074226 Roehm et al. Jul 2006 B2
7081120 Li et al. Jul 2006 B2
7081122 Reiley et al. Jul 2006 B1
7083650 Moskowitz et al. Aug 2006 B2
7087053 Vanney Aug 2006 B2
7087055 Lim et al. Aug 2006 B2
7087083 Pasquet et al. Aug 2006 B2
7089063 Lesh et al. Aug 2006 B2
7094239 Michelson Aug 2006 B1
7094257 Mujwid et al. Aug 2006 B2
7094258 Lambrecht et al. Aug 2006 B2
7101375 Zucherman et al. Sep 2006 B2
7114501 Johnson et al. Oct 2006 B2
7115128 Michelson Oct 2006 B2
7115163 Zimmermann Oct 2006 B2
7118572 Bramlet et al. Oct 2006 B2
7118579 Michelson Oct 2006 B2
7118580 Beyersdorff et al. Oct 2006 B1
7118598 Michelson Oct 2006 B2
7124761 Lambrecht et al. Oct 2006 B2
7125424 Banick et al. Oct 2006 B2
7128760 Michelson Oct 2006 B2
7135424 Worley et al. Nov 2006 B2
7153304 Robie et al. Dec 2006 B2
7153305 Johnson et al. Dec 2006 B2
7153306 Ralph et al. Dec 2006 B2
7153307 Scribner et al. Dec 2006 B2
D536096 Hoogland et al. Jan 2007 S
7156874 Paponneau et al. Jan 2007 B2
7156875 Michelson Jan 2007 B2
7156876 Moumene et al. Jan 2007 B2
7156877 Lotz et al. Jan 2007 B2
7163558 Senegas et al. Jan 2007 B2
7166107 Anderson Jan 2007 B2
7172612 Ishikawa Feb 2007 B2
7179293 McKay Feb 2007 B2
7179294 Eisermann et al. Feb 2007 B2
7189242 Boyd et al. Mar 2007 B2
7201751 Zucherman et al. Apr 2007 B2
7204851 Trieu et al. Apr 2007 B2
7207991 Michelson Apr 2007 B2
7211112 Baynham et al. May 2007 B2
7214227 Colleran et al. May 2007 B2
7217291 Zucherman et al. May 2007 B2
7217293 Branch, Jr. May 2007 B2
7220280 Kast et al. May 2007 B2
7220281 Lambrecht et al. May 2007 B2
7223227 Pflueger May 2007 B2
7223292 Messerli et al. May 2007 B2
7226481 Kuslich Jun 2007 B2
7226482 Messerli et al. Jun 2007 B2
7226483 Gerber et al. Jun 2007 B2
7235101 Berry et al. Jun 2007 B2
7238204 Le et al. Jul 2007 B2
7241297 Shaolian et al. Jul 2007 B2
7244273 Pedersen et al. Jul 2007 B2
7250060 Trieu Jul 2007 B2
7252671 Scribner et al. Aug 2007 B2
7267683 Sharkey et al. Sep 2007 B2
7267687 McGuckin, Jr. Sep 2007 B2
7270679 Istephanous et al. Sep 2007 B2
7276062 McDaniel et al. Oct 2007 B2
7282061 Sharkey et al. Oct 2007 B2
7291173 Richelsoph et al. Nov 2007 B2
7300440 Zdeblick et al. Nov 2007 B2
7306628 Zucherman et al. Dec 2007 B2
7309357 Kim Dec 2007 B2
7311713 Johnson et al. Dec 2007 B2
7316714 Gordon et al. Jan 2008 B2
7318840 McKay Jan 2008 B2
7320689 Keller Jan 2008 B2
7320708 Bernstein Jan 2008 B1
7322962 Forrest Jan 2008 B2
7326211 Padget et al. Feb 2008 B2
7326248 Michelson Feb 2008 B2
7335203 Winslow et al. Feb 2008 B2
7351262 Bindseil et al. Apr 2008 B2
7361140 Ries et al. Apr 2008 B2
7371238 Soboleski et al. May 2008 B2
7377942 Berry May 2008 B2
7383639 Malandain Jun 2008 B2
7400930 Sharkey et al. Jul 2008 B2
7410501 Michelson Aug 2008 B2
7413576 Sybert et al. Aug 2008 B2
7422594 Zander Sep 2008 B2
7434325 Foley et al. Oct 2008 B2
7442211 De et al. Oct 2008 B2
7445636 Michelson Nov 2008 B2
7445637 Taylor Nov 2008 B2
7470273 Dougherty-Shah Dec 2008 B2
D584812 Ries Jan 2009 S
7473256 Assell et al. Jan 2009 B2
7473268 Zucherman et al. Jan 2009 B2
7476251 Zucherman et al. Jan 2009 B2
7485134 Simonson Feb 2009 B2
7488326 Elliott Feb 2009 B2
7491237 Randall et al. Feb 2009 B2
7500991 Bartish et al. Mar 2009 B2
7503920 Siegal Mar 2009 B2
7503933 Michelson Mar 2009 B2
7507241 Levy et al. Mar 2009 B2
7517363 Rogers et al. Apr 2009 B2
7520888 Trieu Apr 2009 B2
7547317 Cragg Jun 2009 B2
7556629 Von et al. Jul 2009 B2
7556651 Humphreys et al. Jul 2009 B2
7569054 Michelson Aug 2009 B2
7569074 Eisermann et al. Aug 2009 B2
7572279 Jackson Aug 2009 B2
7575580 Lim et al. Aug 2009 B2
7575599 Villiers et al. Aug 2009 B2
7578820 Moore et al. Aug 2009 B2
7588574 Assell et al. Sep 2009 B2
7601173 Messerli et al. Oct 2009 B2
7608083 Lee et al. Oct 2009 B2
7618458 Biedermann et al. Nov 2009 B2
7621950 Globerman et al. Nov 2009 B1
7621960 Boyd et al. Nov 2009 B2
7625377 Veldhuizen et al. Dec 2009 B2
7625378 Foley Dec 2009 B2
7625394 Molz et al. Dec 2009 B2
7637905 Saadat et al. Dec 2009 B2
7641657 Cragg Jan 2010 B2
7641670 Davison et al. Jan 2010 B2
7641692 Bryan et al. Jan 2010 B2
7647123 Sharkey et al. Jan 2010 B2
7648523 Mirkovic et al. Jan 2010 B2
7655010 Serhan et al. Feb 2010 B2
7666186 Harp Feb 2010 B2
7666266 Izawa et al. Feb 2010 B2
7670354 Davison et al. Mar 2010 B2
7670374 Schaller Mar 2010 B2
7674265 Smith et al. Mar 2010 B2
7674273 Davison et al. Mar 2010 B2
7682370 Pagliuca et al. Mar 2010 B2
7682400 Zwirkoski Mar 2010 B2
7691120 Shluzas et al. Apr 2010 B2
7691147 Guetlin et al. Apr 2010 B2
7699878 Pavlov et al. Apr 2010 B2
7703727 Selness Apr 2010 B2
7704280 Lechmann et al. Apr 2010 B2
7717944 Foley et al. May 2010 B2
7722530 Davison May 2010 B2
7722612 Sala et al. May 2010 B2
7722674 Grotz May 2010 B1
7727263 Cragg Jun 2010 B2
7731751 Butler et al. Jun 2010 B2
7740633 Assell et al. Jun 2010 B2
7744599 Cragg Jun 2010 B2
7744650 Lindner et al. Jun 2010 B2
7749270 Peterman Jul 2010 B2
7762995 Eversull et al. Jul 2010 B2
7763025 Ainsworth Jul 2010 B2
7763028 Lim et al. Jul 2010 B2
7763038 O'Brien Jul 2010 B2
7763055 Foley Jul 2010 B2
7766930 Dipoto et al. Aug 2010 B2
7771473 Thramann Aug 2010 B2
7771479 Humphreys et al. Aug 2010 B2
7785368 Schaller Aug 2010 B2
7789914 Michelson Sep 2010 B2
7794463 Cragg Sep 2010 B2
7799032 Assell et al. Sep 2010 B2
7799033 Assell et al. Sep 2010 B2
7799036 Davison et al. Sep 2010 B2
7799080 Doty Sep 2010 B2
7799081 McKinley Sep 2010 B2
7799083 Smith et al. Sep 2010 B2
7803161 Foley et al. Sep 2010 B2
D626233 Cipoletti et al. Oct 2010 S
7814429 Buffet et al. Oct 2010 B2
7819921 Grotz Oct 2010 B2
7824410 Simonson et al. Nov 2010 B2
7824429 Culbert et al. Nov 2010 B2
7824445 Biro et al. Nov 2010 B2
7828807 Lehuec et al. Nov 2010 B2
7837734 Zucherman et al. Nov 2010 B2
7846183 Blain Dec 2010 B2
7846206 Oglaza et al. Dec 2010 B2
7850695 Pagliuca et al. Dec 2010 B2
7850733 Baynham et al. Dec 2010 B2
7854766 Moskowitz et al. Dec 2010 B2
7857832 Culbert et al. Dec 2010 B2
7857840 Krebs et al. Dec 2010 B2
7862590 Lim et al. Jan 2011 B2
7862595 Foley et al. Jan 2011 B2
7867259 Foley et al. Jan 2011 B2
7874980 Sonnenschein et al. Jan 2011 B2
7875077 Humphreys et al. Jan 2011 B2
7879098 Simmons, Jr. Feb 2011 B1
7887589 Glenn et al. Feb 2011 B2
7892171 Davison et al. Feb 2011 B2
7892249 Davison et al. Feb 2011 B2
7901438 Culbert et al. Mar 2011 B2
7901459 Hodges et al. Mar 2011 B2
7909870 Kraus Mar 2011 B2
7909874 Zielinski Mar 2011 B2
7918874 Siegal Apr 2011 B2
7922719 Ralph et al. Apr 2011 B2
7922729 Michelson Apr 2011 B2
7931674 Zucherman et al. Apr 2011 B2
7931689 Hochschuler et al. Apr 2011 B2
7935051 Miles et al. May 2011 B2
7938832 Culbert et al. May 2011 B2
7942903 Moskowitz et al. May 2011 B2
7947078 Siegal May 2011 B2
7951199 Miller May 2011 B2
7955391 Schaller Jun 2011 B2
7959675 Gately Jun 2011 B2
7963967 Woods Jun 2011 B1
7963993 Schaller Jun 2011 B2
7967864 Schaller Jun 2011 B2
7967865 Schaller Jun 2011 B2
7985231 Sankaran Jul 2011 B2
7993403 Foley et al. Aug 2011 B2
7998176 Culbert Aug 2011 B2
8007535 Hudgins et al. Aug 2011 B2
8012212 Link et al. Sep 2011 B2
8021424 Beger et al. Sep 2011 B2
8021426 Segal et al. Sep 2011 B2
8025697 McClellan et al. Sep 2011 B2
8034109 Zwirkoski Oct 2011 B2
8034110 Garner et al. Oct 2011 B2
8038703 Dobak et al. Oct 2011 B2
8043293 Warnick Oct 2011 B2
8043381 Hestad et al. Oct 2011 B2
8052754 Froehlich Nov 2011 B2
8057544 Schaller Nov 2011 B2
8057545 Hughes et al. Nov 2011 B2
8062375 Glerum et al. Nov 2011 B2
8075621 Michelson Dec 2011 B2
8097036 Cordaro et al. Jan 2012 B2
8100978 Bass Jan 2012 B2
8105382 Olmos et al. Jan 2012 B2
8109972 Zucherman et al. Feb 2012 B2
8109977 Culbert et al. Feb 2012 B2
8114088 Miller Feb 2012 B2
8118871 Gordon Feb 2012 B2
8128700 Delurio et al. Mar 2012 B2
8128702 Zucherman et al. Mar 2012 B2
8133232 Levy et al. Mar 2012 B2
8147549 Metcalf et al. Apr 2012 B2
8177812 Sankaran May 2012 B2
8187327 Edidin et al. May 2012 B2
8192495 Simpson et al. Jun 2012 B2
8202322 Doty Jun 2012 B2
8206423 Siegal Jun 2012 B2
8216312 Gray Jul 2012 B2
8216314 Richelsoph Jul 2012 B2
8216317 Thibodeau Jul 2012 B2
8221501 Eisermann et al. Jul 2012 B2
8221502 Branch, Jr. Jul 2012 B2
8221503 Garcia et al. Jul 2012 B2
8231675 Rhoda Jul 2012 B2
8231681 Castleman et al. Jul 2012 B2
8236029 Siegal Aug 2012 B2
8236058 Fabian et al. Aug 2012 B2
8241328 Siegal Aug 2012 B2
8241358 Butler et al. Aug 2012 B2
8241361 Link Aug 2012 B2
8241364 Hansell et al. Aug 2012 B2
8246622 Siegal et al. Aug 2012 B2
8257440 Gordon et al. Sep 2012 B2
8257442 Edie et al. Sep 2012 B2
8262666 Baynham et al. Sep 2012 B2
8262736 Michelson Sep 2012 B2
8267939 Cipoletti et al. Sep 2012 B2
8267965 Gimbel et al. Sep 2012 B2
8273128 Oh et al. Sep 2012 B2
8273129 Baynham et al. Sep 2012 B2
8287599 McGuckin, Jr. Oct 2012 B2
8292959 Webb et al. Oct 2012 B2
8303663 Jimenez et al. Nov 2012 B2
8317866 Palmatier et al. Nov 2012 B2
8323345 Sledge Dec 2012 B2
8328812 Siegal et al. Dec 2012 B2
8328852 Zehavi et al. Dec 2012 B2
8337559 Hansell et al. Dec 2012 B2
8343193 Johnson et al. Jan 2013 B2
8343222 Cope Jan 2013 B2
8353961 McClintock et al. Jan 2013 B2
8361154 Reo Jan 2013 B2
8366777 Matthis et al. Feb 2013 B2
8377098 Landry et al. Feb 2013 B2
8377133 Yuan et al. Feb 2013 B2
8382842 Greenhalgh et al. Feb 2013 B2
8398712 De et al. Mar 2013 B2
8398713 Weiman Mar 2013 B2
8403990 Dryer et al. Mar 2013 B2
8409282 Kim Apr 2013 B2
8409290 Zamani et al. Apr 2013 B2
8409291 Blackwell et al. Apr 2013 B2
8414650 Bertele et al. Apr 2013 B2
8425559 Tebbe et al. Apr 2013 B2
8435298 Weiman May 2013 B2
8454617 Schaller et al. Jun 2013 B2
8454698 De et al. Jun 2013 B2
8465524 Siegal Jun 2013 B2
8470043 Schaller et al. Jun 2013 B2
8480715 Gray Jul 2013 B2
8480742 Pisharodi Jul 2013 B2
8480748 Poulos Jul 2013 B2
8486109 Siegal Jul 2013 B2
8486148 Butler et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491591 Sebastian Jul 2013 B2
8491653 Zucherman et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491657 Attia et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491659 Weiman Jul 2013 B2
8506635 Palmatier et al. Aug 2013 B2
8518087 Lopez et al. Aug 2013 B2
8518120 Glerum et al. Aug 2013 B2
8523909 Hess Sep 2013 B2
8523944 Jimenez et al. Sep 2013 B2
8535380 Greenhalgh et al. Sep 2013 B2
8545567 Krueger Oct 2013 B1
8551092 Morgan et al. Oct 2013 B2
8551173 Lechmann et al. Oct 2013 B2
8556978 Schaller Oct 2013 B2
8556979 Glerum et al. Oct 2013 B2
8568481 Olmos et al. Oct 2013 B2
8579977 Fabian Nov 2013 B2
8579981 Lim et al. Nov 2013 B2
8591583 Schaller et al. Nov 2013 B2
8591585 McLaughlin et al. Nov 2013 B2
8597330 Siegal Dec 2013 B2
8597360 McLuen et al. Dec 2013 B2
8603168 Gordon et al. Dec 2013 B2
8603170 Cipoletti et al. Dec 2013 B2
8603177 Gray Dec 2013 B2
8628576 Triplett et al. Jan 2014 B2
8628577 Jimenez Jan 2014 B1
8628578 Miller et al. Jan 2014 B2
8632595 Weiman Jan 2014 B2
8636746 Jimenez et al. Jan 2014 B2
8641764 Gately Feb 2014 B2
8663329 Ernst Mar 2014 B2
8663331 McClellan et al. Mar 2014 B2
8668740 Rhoda et al. Mar 2014 B2
8672977 Siegal et al. Mar 2014 B2
8679161 Malandain et al. Mar 2014 B2
8679183 Glerum et al. Mar 2014 B2
8685095 Miller et al. Apr 2014 B2
8685098 Glerum et al. Apr 2014 B2
8696751 Ashley et al. Apr 2014 B2
8702757 Thommen et al. Apr 2014 B2
8702798 Matthis et al. Apr 2014 B2
8709086 Glerum Apr 2014 B2
8709088 Kleiner et al. Apr 2014 B2
8715351 Pinto May 2014 B1
8721723 Hansell et al. May 2014 B2
8728160 Globerman et al. May 2014 B2
8728166 Schwab May 2014 B2
8740954 Ghobrial et al. Jun 2014 B2
8753398 Gordon et al. Jun 2014 B2
8758349 Germain et al. Jun 2014 B2
8758441 Hovda et al. Jun 2014 B2
8764806 Abdou Jul 2014 B2
8771360 Jimenez et al. Jul 2014 B2
8777993 Siegal et al. Jul 2014 B2
8778025 Ragab et al. Jul 2014 B2
8795366 Varela Aug 2014 B2
8795374 Chee Aug 2014 B2
8801787 Schaller Aug 2014 B2
8801792 De et al. Aug 2014 B2
8808376 Schaller Aug 2014 B2
8828085 Jensen Sep 2014 B1
8845638 Siegal et al. Sep 2014 B2
8845728 Abdou Sep 2014 B1
8845731 Weiman Sep 2014 B2
8845732 Weiman Sep 2014 B2
8845733 O'Neil et al. Sep 2014 B2
8845734 Weiman Sep 2014 B2
8852242 Morgenstern et al. Oct 2014 B2
8852279 Weiman Oct 2014 B2
8864833 Glerum et al. Oct 2014 B2
8888853 Glerum et al. Nov 2014 B2
8888854 Glerum et al. Nov 2014 B2
8900235 Siegal Dec 2014 B2
8900307 Hawkins et al. Dec 2014 B2
8906098 Siegal Dec 2014 B2
8920506 McGuckin, Jr. Dec 2014 B2
8926704 Glerum et al. Jan 2015 B2
8936641 Cain Jan 2015 B2
8940050 Laurence et al. Jan 2015 B2
8940052 Lechmann et al. Jan 2015 B2
8961609 Schaller Feb 2015 B2
8968408 Schaller et al. Mar 2015 B2
8979860 Voellmicke et al. Mar 2015 B2
8979929 Schaller Mar 2015 B2
8986388 Siegal et al. Mar 2015 B2
8986389 Lim et al. Mar 2015 B2
9017408 Siegal et al. Apr 2015 B2
9017413 Siegal et al. Apr 2015 B2
9039771 Glerum et al. May 2015 B2
9044334 Siegal et al. Jun 2015 B2
9044338 Schaller Jun 2015 B2
9066808 Schaller Jun 2015 B2
9089428 Bertele et al. Jul 2015 B2
9095446 Landry et al. Aug 2015 B2
9095447 Barreiro et al. Aug 2015 B2
9101491 Rodgers et al. Aug 2015 B2
9101492 Mangione et al. Aug 2015 B2
9254138 Siegal et al. Feb 2016 B2
9259326 Schaller Feb 2016 B2
9271846 Lim et al. Mar 2016 B2
9283092 Siegal et al. Mar 2016 B2
9295562 Lechmann et al. Mar 2016 B2
9326866 Schaller et al. May 2016 B2
9333091 Dimauro May 2016 B2
9358123 Remington et al. Jun 2016 B2
9387087 Tyber Jul 2016 B2
9408712 Siegal et al. Aug 2016 B2
9414923 Studer et al. Aug 2016 B2
9414934 Cain Aug 2016 B2
9433510 Lechmann et al. Sep 2016 B2
9439776 Dimauro et al. Sep 2016 B2
9439777 Dimauro Sep 2016 B2
9445825 Belaney et al. Sep 2016 B2
9474623 Cain Oct 2016 B2
9510954 Glerum et al. Dec 2016 B2
9592129 Slivka et al. Mar 2017 B2
9597197 Lechmann et al. Mar 2017 B2
9662223 Matthis et al. May 2017 B2
9724207 Dimauro et al. Aug 2017 B2
9730803 Dimauro et al. Aug 2017 B2
9730806 Capote Aug 2017 B2
9788963 Aquino et al. Oct 2017 B2
9801729 Dimauro et al. Oct 2017 B2
9808351 Kelly et al. Nov 2017 B2
9814589 Dimauro Nov 2017 B2
9814590 Serhan et al. Nov 2017 B2
9833334 Voellmicke et al. Dec 2017 B2
9839530 Hawkins et al. Dec 2017 B2
9924978 Thommen et al. Mar 2018 B2
9925060 Dimauro et al. Mar 2018 B2
9931223 Cain Apr 2018 B2
9949769 Serhan et al. Apr 2018 B2
9980823 Matthis et al. May 2018 B2
9993350 Cain Jun 2018 B2
10004607 Weiman et al. Jun 2018 B2
10085843 Dimauro Oct 2018 B2
10238500 Rogers et al. Mar 2019 B2
10265191 Lim et al. Apr 2019 B2
10376372 Serhan et al. Aug 2019 B2
10398566 Olmos et al. Sep 2019 B2
10405986 Kelly et al. Sep 2019 B2
10420651 Serhan et al. Sep 2019 B2
10426632 Butler et al. Oct 2019 B2
10433971 Dimauro et al. Oct 2019 B2
10433974 O'Neil Oct 2019 B2
10433977 Lechmann et al. Oct 2019 B2
10449056 Cain Oct 2019 B2
10449058 Lechmann et al. Oct 2019 B2
10492918 Dimauro Dec 2019 B2
10512489 Serhan et al. Dec 2019 B2
10555817 Dimauro et al. Feb 2020 B2
10575959 Dimauro et al. Mar 2020 B2
10583013 Dimauro et al. Mar 2020 B2
10583015 Olmos et al. Mar 2020 B2
10639164 Dimauro et al. May 2020 B2
10973652 Hawkins et al. Apr 2021 B2
11051954 Greenhalgh et al. Jul 2021 B2
11103362 Butler et al. Aug 2021 B2
20010011174 Reiley et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010012950 Nishtala et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010016741 Burkus et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010016775 Scarborough et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010027320 Sasso Oct 2001 A1
20010037126 Stack et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010039452 Zucherman et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010039453 Gresser et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010049529 Cachia et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010049530 Culbert et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010049531 Reiley et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010056302 Boyer et al. Dec 2001 A1
20020001476 Nagamine et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020010070 Cales et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020016583 Cragg Feb 2002 A1
20020026195 Layne et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020026244 Trieu Feb 2002 A1
20020029084 Paul et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020032462 Houser et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020032483 Nicholson et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020035400 Bryan et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020037799 Li et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020045904 Fuss et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020045942 Ham Apr 2002 A1
20020045943 Uk Apr 2002 A1
20020055740 Lieberman May 2002 A1
20020055781 Sazy May 2002 A1
20020058947 Hochschuler et al. May 2002 A1
20020068974 Kuslich et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020068976 Jackson Jun 2002 A1
20020068977 Jackson Jun 2002 A1
20020072801 Michelson Jun 2002 A1
20020077700 Varga et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020077701 Kuslich Jun 2002 A1
20020082584 Rosenman et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020082608 Reiley et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020087152 Mikus et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020087163 Dixon et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020091387 Hoogland Jul 2002 A1
20020091390 Michelson Jul 2002 A1
20020099385 Ralph et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020107519 Dixon et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020107573 Steinberg Aug 2002 A1
20020120335 Angelucci et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020128713 Ferree Sep 2002 A1
20020128715 Bryan et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020128716 Cohen et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020138078 Chappuis Sep 2002 A1
20020138146 Jackson Sep 2002 A1
20020143331 Zucherman et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020143334 Hoffmann et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020143335 Von et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020151895 Soboleski et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020151976 Foley et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020156482 Scribner et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020161444 Choi Oct 2002 A1
20020165612 Gerber et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020169471 Ferdinand Nov 2002 A1
20020172851 Corey et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020173796 Cragg Nov 2002 A1
20020173841 Ortiz et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020173851 McKay Nov 2002 A1
20020183761 Johnson et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020183778 Reiley et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020183848 Ray et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020191487 Sand Dec 2002 A1
20020193883 Wironen Dec 2002 A1
20020198526 Shaolian et al. Dec 2002 A1
20030004575 Erickson Jan 2003 A1
20030004576 Thalgott Jan 2003 A1
20030006942 Searls et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030014112 Ralph et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030014113 Ralph et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030014116 Ralph et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030018390 Husson Jan 2003 A1
20030023305 McKay Jan 2003 A1
20030028250 Reiley et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030028251 Mathews Feb 2003 A1
20030032963 Reiss et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030040796 Ferree Feb 2003 A1
20030040799 Boyd et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030045937 Ginn Mar 2003 A1
20030045939 Casutt Mar 2003 A1
20030050644 Boucher et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030063582 Mizell et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030065330 Zucherman et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030065396 Michelson Apr 2003 A1
20030069582 Culbert Apr 2003 A1
20030069593 Tremulis et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030069642 Ralph et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030073998 Pagliuca et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030074075 Thomas et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030078667 Manasas et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030083642 Boyd et al. May 2003 A1
20030083688 Simonson May 2003 A1
20030108588 Chen et al. Jun 2003 A1
20030130664 Boucher et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030130739 Gerbec et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030135275 Garcia et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030139648 Foley et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030139812 Garcia et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030139813 Messerli et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030153874 Tal Aug 2003 A1
20030171812 Grunberg et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030187431 Simonson Oct 2003 A1
20030187445 Keith et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030187506 Ross et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030191414 Reiley et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030191489 Reiley et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030191531 Berry et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030195518 Cragg Oct 2003 A1
20030195547 Scribner et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030195630 Ferree Oct 2003 A1
20030199979 McGuckin Oct 2003 A1
20030204261 Eisermann et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030208122 Melkent et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030208136 Mark et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030208220 Worley et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030208270 Michelson Nov 2003 A9
20030220643 Ferree Nov 2003 A1
20030220648 Osorio et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030220695 Sevrain Nov 2003 A1
20030229350 Kay Dec 2003 A1
20030229372 Reiley et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233096 Osorio et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233102 Nakamura et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233145 Landry et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030233146 Grinberg et al. Dec 2003 A1
20040002761 Rogers et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040006391 Reiley Jan 2004 A1
20040008949 Liu et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040010251 Pitaru et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040010260 Scribner et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040010263 Boucher et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040010318 Ferree Jan 2004 A1
20040019354 Johnson et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040019359 Worley et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040024408 Burkus et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040024409 Sand et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040024410 Olson et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040024463 Thomas et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040024465 Lambrecht et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040030387 Landry et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040034343 Gillespie et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040034429 Lambrecht et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040049190 Biedermann et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040049203 Scribner et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040049223 Nishtala et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040049270 Gewirtz Mar 2004 A1
20040054412 Gerbec et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040059333 Carl et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040059337 Hanson et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040059339 Roehm et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040059350 Gordon et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040059418 McKay et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040064144 Johnson et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040068269 Bonati et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040073308 Kuslich et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040073310 Moumene et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040082953 Petit Apr 2004 A1
20040083000 Keller et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040087947 Lim May 2004 A1
20040088055 Hanson et al. May 2004 A1
20040092933 Shaolian et al. May 2004 A1
20040092948 Stevens et al. May 2004 A1
20040092988 Shaolian et al. May 2004 A1
20040093083 Branch et al. May 2004 A1
20040097924 Lambrecht et al. May 2004 A1
20040097930 Justis et al. May 2004 A1
20040097932 Ray et al. May 2004 A1
20040097941 Weiner et al. May 2004 A1
20040097973 Loshakove et al. May 2004 A1
20040098131 Bryan et al. May 2004 A1
20040102774 Trieu May 2004 A1
20040102784 Pasquet et al. May 2004 A1
20040102846 Keller et al. May 2004 A1
20040106925 Culbert Jun 2004 A1
20040106940 Shaolian et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040111161 Trieu Jun 2004 A1
20040116997 Taylor et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040117019 Trieu et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040117022 Marnay et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040127906 Cdlbert et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040127990 Bartish et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040127991 Ferree Jul 2004 A1
20040133124 Bates et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040133229 Lambrecht et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040133279 Krueger et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040133280 Trieu Jul 2004 A1
20040138748 Boyer et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040143284 Chin Jul 2004 A1
20040143332 Krueger et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040143734 Buer et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040147129 Rolfson Jul 2004 A1
20040147877 Heuser Jul 2004 A1
20040147950 Mueller et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040148027 Errico et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040153064 Foley et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040153065 Lim Aug 2004 A1
20040153115 Reiley et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040153156 Cohen et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040153160 Carrasco Aug 2004 A1
20040158206 Aboul-Hosn et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040158258 Bonati et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040162617 Zucherman et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040162618 Mujwid et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040167561 Boucher et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040167562 Osorio et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040167625 Beyar et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040172133 Gerber et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040172134 Berry Sep 2004 A1
20040176775 Burkus et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040186052 Iyer et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040186471 Trieu Sep 2004 A1
20040186482 Kolb et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040186528 Ries et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040186570 Rapp Sep 2004 A1
20040186573 Ferree Sep 2004 A1
20040186577 Ferree Sep 2004 A1
20040193271 Fraser et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040193277 Long et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040199162 Von et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040210231 Boucher et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040210310 Trieu Oct 2004 A1
20040215343 Hochschuler et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040215344 Hochschuler et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040220580 Johnson et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040220668 Eisermann et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040220669 Studer Nov 2004 A1
20040220672 Shadduck Nov 2004 A1
20040225292 Sasso et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040225296 Reiss et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040225361 Glenn et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040230191 Frey et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040230309 Dimauro et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040243229 Vidlund et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040243239 Taylor Dec 2004 A1
20040243241 Istephanous et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040249377 Kaes et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040249461 Ferree Dec 2004 A1
20040249466 Liu et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040254520 Porteous et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040254575 Obenchain et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040254643 Jackson Dec 2004 A1
20040254644 Taylor Dec 2004 A1
20040260297 Padget et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040260300 Gorensek et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040260397 Lambrecht et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040266257 Ries et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040267271 Scribner et al. Dec 2004 A9
20040267367 O'Neil Dec 2004 A1
20050004578 Lambrecht et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050010293 Zucherman et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050010298 Zucherman et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050015148 Jansen et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050015152 Sweeney Jan 2005 A1
20050019365 Frauchiger et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050021041 Michelson Jan 2005 A1
20050033289 Warren et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050033295 Wisnewski Feb 2005 A1
20050033434 Berry Feb 2005 A1
20050033440 Lambrecht et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050038431 Bartish et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050038515 Kunzler Feb 2005 A1
20050038517 Garrison et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050043737 Reiley et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050043796 Grant et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050043800 Paul et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050054948 Goldenberg Mar 2005 A1
20050055097 Grunberg et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050060036 Schultz et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050060038 Lambrecht et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050065519 Michelson Mar 2005 A1
20050065609 Wardlaw Mar 2005 A1
20050065610 Pisharodi Mar 2005 A1
20050069571 Slivka et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050070908 Cragg Mar 2005 A1
20050070911 Garrison et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050070913 Milbocker et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050071011 Ralph et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050080443 Fallin et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050080488 Schultz Apr 2005 A1
20050085912 Arnin et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050090443 Michael John Apr 2005 A1
20050090833 DiPoto Apr 2005 A1
20050090852 Layne et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050090899 DiPoto Apr 2005 A1
20050096745 Andre et al. May 2005 A1
20050102202 Linden et al. May 2005 A1
20050107880 Shimp et al. May 2005 A1
20050113916 Branch May 2005 A1
20050113917 Chae et al. May 2005 A1
20050113918 Messerli et al. May 2005 A1
20050113919 Cragg et al. May 2005 A1
20050113927 Malek May 2005 A1
20050113928 Cragg et al. May 2005 A1
20050118228 Trieu Jun 2005 A1
20050118550 Turri Jun 2005 A1
20050119657 Goldsmith Jun 2005 A1
20050119662 Reiley et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050119750 Studer Jun 2005 A1
20050119751 Lawson Jun 2005 A1
20050119752 Williams et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050119754 Trieu et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050124989 Suddaby Jun 2005 A1
20050124992 Ferree Jun 2005 A1
20050124999 Teitelbaum et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050125062 Biedermann et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050125066 McAfee Jun 2005 A1
20050130929 Boyd Jun 2005 A1
20050131267 Talmadge Jun 2005 A1
20050131268 Talmadge Jun 2005 A1
20050131269 Talmadge Jun 2005 A1
20050131406 Reiley et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050131409 Chervitz et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050131411 Culbert Jun 2005 A1
20050131536 Eisermann et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050131538 Chervitz et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050131540 Trieu Jun 2005 A1
20050131541 Trieu Jun 2005 A1
20050137595 Hoffmann et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050137602 Assell et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050142211 Wenz Jun 2005 A1
20050143734 Cachia et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050143763 Ortiz et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050143827 Globerman et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050149022 Shaolian et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050149030 Serhan et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050149034 Assell et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050149191 Cragg et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050149194 Ahlgren Jul 2005 A1
20050149197 Cauthen Jul 2005 A1
20050154396 Foley et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050154463 Trieu Jul 2005 A1
20050154467 Peterman et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050165398 Reiley Jul 2005 A1
20050165406 Assell et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050165420 Cha Jul 2005 A1
20050165484 Ferree Jul 2005 A1
20050165485 Tried Jul 2005 A1
20050171539 Braun et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171541 Boehm et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171552 Johnson et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171608 Peterman et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171610 Humphreys et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050177173 Aebi et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050177235 Baynham et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050177240 Blain Aug 2005 A1
20050182412 Johnson et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050182413 Johnson et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050182414 Manzi et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050182418 Boyd et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050187556 Stack et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050187558 Johnson et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050187559 Raymond et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050187564 Jayaraman Aug 2005 A1
20050197702 Coppes et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050197707 Trieu et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050203512 Hawkins et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050216018 Sennett Sep 2005 A1
20050216026 Culbert Sep 2005 A1
20050216081 Taylor Sep 2005 A1
20050216087 Zucherman et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050222681 Richley et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050222684 Ferree Oct 2005 A1
20050228383 Zucherman et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050228391 Levy et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050228397 Malandain et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050234425 Miller et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050234451 Markworth Oct 2005 A1
20050234452 Malandain Oct 2005 A1
20050234456 Malandain Oct 2005 A1
20050240182 Zucherman et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050240189 Rousseau et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050240193 Layne et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050240269 Lambrecht et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050251142 Hoffmann et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050251149 Wenz Nov 2005 A1
20050251260 Gerber et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050256525 Culbert et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050256576 Moskowitz et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050261682 Ferree Nov 2005 A1
20050261684 Shaolian et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050261695 Cragg et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050261769 Moskowitz et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050261781 Sennett et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050267471 Biedermann et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050273166 Sweeney Dec 2005 A1
20050273173 Gordon et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050277938 Parsons Dec 2005 A1
20050278023 Zwirkoski Dec 2005 A1
20050278026 Gordon et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050278027 Hyde, Jr. Dec 2005 A1
20050278029 Trieu Dec 2005 A1
20050283238 Reiley Dec 2005 A1
20050283244 Gordon et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050287071 Wenz Dec 2005 A1
20060004326 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060004456 McKay Jan 2006 A1
20060004457 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060004458 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060009778 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060009779 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060009851 Collins et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060015105 Warren et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060015119 Plassky et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060020284 Foley et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060030850 Keegan et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060030872 Culbert et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060030933 Delegge et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060030943 Peterman Feb 2006 A1
20060032621 Martin et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036241 Siegal Feb 2006 A1
20060036244 Spitler et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036246 Carl et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036256 Carl et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036259 Carl et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036261 McDonnell Feb 2006 A1
20060036273 Siegal Feb 2006 A1
20060036323 Carl et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060036324 Sachs et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060041258 Galea Feb 2006 A1
20060041314 Millard Feb 2006 A1
20060045904 Aronson Mar 2006 A1
20060058790 Carl et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060058807 Landry et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060058876 McKinley Mar 2006 A1
20060058880 Wysocki et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060064101 Arramon Mar 2006 A1
20060064102 Ebner Mar 2006 A1
20060064171 Trieu Mar 2006 A1
20060064172 Trieu Mar 2006 A1
20060069436 Sutton et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060069439 Zucherman et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060069440 Zucherman et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060074429 Ralph et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060079908 Lieberman Apr 2006 A1
20060084867 Tremblay et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060084977 Lieberman Apr 2006 A1
20060084988 Kim Apr 2006 A1
20060085002 Trieu et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060085009 Truckai et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060085010 Lieberman Apr 2006 A1
20060089642 Diaz et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060089646 Bonutti Apr 2006 A1
20060089654 Lins et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060089715 Truckai et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060089718 Zucherman et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060089719 Trieu Apr 2006 A1
20060095045 Trieu May 2006 A1
20060095046 Frieu et al. May 2006 A1
20060095134 Frieu et al. May 2006 A1
20060095138 Truckai et al. May 2006 A1
20060100622 Jackson May 2006 A1
20060100706 Shadduck et al. May 2006 A1
20060100707 Stinson et al. May 2006 A1
20060106381 Ferree et al. May 2006 A1
20060106397 Lins May 2006 A1
20060106459 Truckai et al. May 2006 A1
20060111715 Jackson May 2006 A1
20060111728 Abdou May 2006 A1
20060111785 O'Neil May 2006 A1
20060119629 An et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060122609 Mirkovic et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060122610 Culbert et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060122701 Kiester Jun 2006 A1
20060122703 Aebi et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060122704 Vresilovic et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060129244 Ensign Jun 2006 A1
20060136062 Dinello et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060136064 Sherman Jun 2006 A1
20060142759 Arnin et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060142765 Dixon et al. Jun 2006 A9
20060142776 Iwanari Jun 2006 A1
20060142858 Colleran et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060142864 Cauthen Jun 2006 A1
20060149136 Seto et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060149237 Markworth et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060149252 Markworth et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060149379 Kuslich et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060149380 Lotz et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060149385 McKay Jul 2006 A1
20060155379 Heneveld et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060161162 Lambrecht et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060161166 Johnson et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060167547 Suddaby Jul 2006 A1
20060167553 Cauthen et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060173545 Cauthen et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060178743 Carter Aug 2006 A1
20060178745 Bartish et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060178746 Bartish et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060184192 Markworth et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060184247 Edidin et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060184248 Edidin et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060189999 Zwirkoski Aug 2006 A1
20060190083 Arnin et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060190085 Cauthen Aug 2006 A1
20060195102 Malandain Aug 2006 A1
20060195103 Padget et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060195191 Sweeney et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060200139 Michelson Sep 2006 A1
20060200164 Michelson Sep 2006 A1
20060200239 Rothman et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060200240 Rothman et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060200241 Rothman et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060200242 Rothman et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060200243 Rothman et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060206116 Yeung Sep 2006 A1
20060206207 Dryer Sep 2006 A1
20060212118 Abernathie Sep 2006 A1
20060217711 Stevens et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060229627 Hunt et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060229629 Manzi et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060235403 Blain Oct 2006 A1
20060235412 Blain Oct 2006 A1
20060235423 Cantu Oct 2006 A1
20060235521 Zucherman et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060235531 Buettner-Janz Oct 2006 A1
20060241643 Lim et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060241663 Rice et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060241770 Rhoda et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060247634 Warner et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060247770 Peterman Nov 2006 A1
20060247771 Peterman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060247781 Francis Nov 2006 A1
20060253120 Anderson et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060253201 McLuen Nov 2006 A1
20060254784 Hartmann et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060264896 Palmer Nov 2006 A1
20060264939 Zucherman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060264945 Edidin et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060265067 Zucherman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060265075 Baumgartner et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060265077 Zwirkoski Nov 2006 A1
20060271049 Zucherman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060271061 Beyar et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060276897 Winslow et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060276899 Zipnick et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060276901 Zipnick et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060276902 Zipnick et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060282167 Lambrecht et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060287726 Segal et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060287727 Segal et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060293662 Boyer et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060293663 Walkenhorst et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060293753 Thramann Dec 2006 A1
20070006692 Phan Jan 2007 A1
20070010716 Malandain et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010717 Cragg Jan 2007 A1
20070010824 Malandain et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010826 Rhoda et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010844 Gong et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010845 Gong et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010846 Leung et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010848 Leung et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010886 Banick et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070010889 Francis Jan 2007 A1
20070016191 Culbert et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070032703 Sankaran et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070032790 Aschmann et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070032791 Greenhalgh Feb 2007 A1
20070043361 Malandain et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070043362 Malandain et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070043363 Malandain et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070043440 William et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070048382 Meyer et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070049849 Schwardt et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070049934 Edidin et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070049935 Edidin et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070050034 Schwardt et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070050035 Schwardt et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055201 Seto et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055236 Hudgins et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055237 Edidin et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055246 Zucherman et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055264 Parmigiani Mar 2007 A1
20070055265 Schaller Mar 2007 A1
20070055266 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055267 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055271 Schaller Mar 2007 A1
20070055272 Schaller Mar 2007 A1
20070055273 Schaller Mar 2007 A1
20070055274 Appenzeller et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055275 Schaller Mar 2007 A1
20070055276 Edidin Mar 2007 A1
20070055277 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055278 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055281 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055284 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055300 Osorio et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070055377 Hanson et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070060933 Sankaran et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070060935 Schwardt et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070067034 Chirico et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070067035 Falahee Mar 2007 A1
20070068329 Phan et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070073292 Kohm et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070073399 Zipnick et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070078436 Leung et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070078463 Malandain Apr 2007 A1
20070093689 Steinberg Apr 2007 A1
20070093897 Gerbec et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093899 Dutoit et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093901 Grotz et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093906 Hudgins et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070118132 Culbert et al. May 2007 A1
20070118222 Lang May 2007 A1
20070118223 Allard et al. May 2007 A1
20070123868 Culbert et al. May 2007 A1
20070123891 Ries et al. May 2007 A1
20070123892 Ries et al. May 2007 A1
20070123986 Schaller May 2007 A1
20070129730 Woods et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070135922 Trieu Jun 2007 A1
20070142843 Dye Jun 2007 A1
20070149978 Shezifi et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070150059 Ruberte et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070150060 Trieu Jun 2007 A1
20070150061 Trieu Jun 2007 A1
20070150063 Ruberte et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070150064 Ruberte et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070161992 Kwak et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070162005 Peterson et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070162127 Peterman et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070162132 Messerli Jul 2007 A1
20070162138 Heinz Jul 2007 A1
20070167945 Lange et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070168036 Ainsworth et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070168038 Trieu Jul 2007 A1
20070173939 Kim et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070173940 Hestad et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070178222 Storey et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070179612 Johnson et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070179615 Heinz et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070179616 Braddock et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070179618 Trieu et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070185578 O'Neil et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070191953 Trieu Aug 2007 A1
20070191954 Hansell et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070191959 Hartmann et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070197935 Reiley et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070198023 Sand et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070198025 Trieu et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070198089 Moskowitz et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070203491 Pasquet et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070208423 Messerli et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070208426 Trieu Sep 2007 A1
20070213717 Trieu et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070213737 Schermerhorn et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070213826 Smith et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070219634 Greenhalgh et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070225706 Clark et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070225726 Dye et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070225807 Phan et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070225815 Keith et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070233074 Anderson et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233076 Trieu Oct 2007 A1
20070233083 Abdou Oct 2007 A1
20070233089 Dipoto et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233130 Suddaby Oct 2007 A1
20070233244 Lopez et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070250167 Bray et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070260245 Malandain et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070260255 Haddock et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070260314 Biyani Nov 2007 A1
20070270823 Trieu et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070270954 Wu Nov 2007 A1
20070270957 Heinz Nov 2007 A1
20070270968 Baynham Nov 2007 A1
20070276373 Malandain Nov 2007 A1
20070276375 Rapp Nov 2007 A1
20070276497 Anderson Nov 2007 A1
20070282443 Globerman et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070282449 De et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070288091 Braddock et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070299521 Glenn et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080009877 Sankaran et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080015694 Tribus Jan 2008 A1
20080015701 Garcia et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080021556 Edie Jan 2008 A1
20080021557 Trieu Jan 2008 A1
20080021558 Thramann Jan 2008 A1
20080021559 Thramann Jan 2008 A1
20080027437 Johnson et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080027438 Abdou Jan 2008 A1
20080027453 Johnson et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080027454 Johnson et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080027544 Melkent Jan 2008 A1
20080027550 Link et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080033440 Moskowitz et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080045966 Buttermann et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080051890 Waugh et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080051897 Lopez et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080051902 Dwyer Feb 2008 A1
20080058598 Ries et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080058937 Malandain et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080058944 Duplessis et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080065082 Chang et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080065219 Dye Mar 2008 A1
20080071356 Greenhalgh et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080071380 Sweeney Mar 2008 A1
20080077148 Ries et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080077150 Nguyen Mar 2008 A1
20080077241 Nguyen Mar 2008 A1
20080082172 Jackson Apr 2008 A1
20080082173 Delurio et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080097436 Culbert et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080097454 Deridder et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080097611 Mastrorio et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080103601 Biro et al. May 2008 A1
20080108990 Mitchell et al. May 2008 A1
20080108996 Padget et al. May 2008 A1
20080119935 Alvarez May 2008 A1
20080125865 Abdelgany May 2008 A1
20080132934 Reiley et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080133012 McGuckin Jun 2008 A1
20080133017 Beyar et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080140085 Gately et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080140207 Olmos et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147129 Biedermann et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147193 Matthis et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080154377 Voellmicke Jun 2008 A1
20080154379 Steiner et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080161927 Savage et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080167657 Greenhalgh Jul 2008 A1
20080172128 Perez-Cruet et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080177306 Lamborne et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080177312 Perez-Cruet et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080177388 Patterson et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080183204 Greenhalgh et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080188945 Boyce et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080195096 Frei Aug 2008 A1
20080195209 Garcia et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080195210 Milijasevic et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080208255 Siegal Aug 2008 A1
20080208344 Kilpela et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080221586 Garcia-Bengochea et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080221687 Thomas Sep 2008 A1
20080228225 Trautwein et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080229597 Malandain Sep 2008 A1
20080234732 Landry et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080234733 Scrantz et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080243126 Gutierrez et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080243251 Stad et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080243254 Butler Oct 2008 A1
20080249622 Gray Oct 2008 A1
20080249628 Altarac et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255563 Farr et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255574 Dye Oct 2008 A1
20080255618 Fisher et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080262619 Ray Oct 2008 A1
20080269904 Voorhies Oct 2008 A1
20080281346 Greenhalgh et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080281364 Chirico et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080281425 Thalgott et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080287981 Culbert et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080287997 Altarac et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080300685 Carls et al. Dec 2008 A1
20080306537 Culbert Dec 2008 A1
20080312743 Vila et al. Dec 2008 A1
20080319477 Justis et al. Dec 2008 A1
20090005870 Hawkins et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090005873 Slivka et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090018524 Greenhalgh et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090030423 Puno Jan 2009 A1
20090048631 Bhatnagar et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090048678 Saal et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090054898 Gleason Feb 2009 A1
20090054911 Mueller et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090054988 Hess Feb 2009 A1
20090054991 Biyani et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090062807 Song Mar 2009 A1
20090069813 Von et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090069895 Gittings et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090076607 Aalsma et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090076610 Afzal Mar 2009 A1
20090088789 O'Neil et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090099568 Lowry et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090105745 Culbert Apr 2009 A1
20090112217 Hester Apr 2009 A1
20090112320 Kraus Apr 2009 A1
20090112324 Refai et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090131986 Lee et al. May 2009 A1
20090143859 McClellan et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090149857 Culbert et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090164020 Janowski et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090177281 Swanson et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090177284 Rogers et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090182429 Humphreys et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090192613 Wing et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090192614 Beger et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090198339 Kleiner et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090216234 Farr et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090221967 Thommen et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090222043 Altarac et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090222096 Trieu Sep 2009 A1
20090222099 Liu et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090222100 Cipoletti et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090234364 Crook Sep 2009 A1
20090234389 Chuang et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090234398 Chirico et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090240333 Trudeau et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090240334 Richelsoph Sep 2009 A1
20090240335 Arcenio et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090248159 Aflatoon Oct 2009 A1
20090248163 King et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090275890 Leibowitz et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090276049 Weiland Nov 2009 A1
20090276051 Arramon et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090292361 Lopez Nov 2009 A1
20090299479 Jones et al. Dec 2009 A1
20100016905 Greenhalgh et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100016968 Moore Jan 2010 A1
20100030217 Mitusina Feb 2010 A1
20100040332 Van et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100042218 Nebosky et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100049324 Valdevit et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100070036 Implicito Mar 2010 A1
20100076492 Warner et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100076502 Guyer et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100076559 Bagga et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100082109 Greenhalgh et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094422 Hansell et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094424 Woodburn et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094426 Grohowski et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100100098 Norton et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100100183 Prewett et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100106191 Yue et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100114105 Butters et al. May 2010 A1
20100114147 Biyani May 2010 A1
20100125334 Krueger May 2010 A1
20100174314 Mirkovic et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100179594 Theofilos et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100185290 Compton et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100185292 Hochschuler et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100191241 McCormack et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100191334 Keller Jul 2010 A1
20100191336 Greenhalgh Jul 2010 A1
20100204795 Greenhalgh Aug 2010 A1
20100204796 Bae et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100211107 Muhanna Aug 2010 A1
20100211176 Greenhalgh Aug 2010 A1
20100211182 Zimmermann Aug 2010 A1
20100217269 Landes Aug 2010 A1
20100222884 Greenhalgh Sep 2010 A1
20100234849 Bouadi Sep 2010 A1
20100234956 Attia et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100241231 Marino et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100249935 Slivka et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100256768 Lim et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100262240 Chavatte et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100268231 Kuslich et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100274358 Mueller et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100286777 Errico et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100286783 Lechmann et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100292700 Ries Nov 2010 A1
20100298938 Humphreys et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100305700 Ben-Arye et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100305704 Messerli et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100324607 Davis Dec 2010 A1
20100331845 Foley et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100331891 Culbert et al. Dec 2010 A1
20110004216 Amendola et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110004308 Marino et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110004310 Michelson Jan 2011 A1
20110009970 Puno Jan 2011 A1
20110015747 McManus et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110029082 Hall Feb 2011 A1
20110029083 Hynes et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110029085 Hynes et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110029086 Glazer et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110035011 Cain Feb 2011 A1
20110040332 Culbert et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110046674 Calvosa et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110054538 Zehavi et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110066186 Boyer et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110071527 Nelson et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110082552 Wistrom et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110093074 Glerum et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110093076 Reo et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110098531 To Apr 2011 A1
20110098628 Yeung et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110098818 Brodke et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110112586 Guyer et al. May 2011 A1
20110130835 Ashley et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110130838 Morgenstern Lopez Jun 2011 A1
20110144692 Saladin et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110144753 Marchek et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110153020 Abdelgany et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110159070 Jin et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110160773 Aschmann et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110160866 Laurence et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110172716 Glerum Jul 2011 A1
20110172774 Varela Jul 2011 A1
20110190816 Sheffer et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110190891 Suh et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110230971 Donner et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110238072 Tyndall Sep 2011 A1
20110270261 Mast et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110276142 Niemiec et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110282453 Greenhalgh et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110282459 McClellan et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110301711 Palmatier et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110301712 Palmatier et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110307010 Pradhan Dec 2011 A1
20110313465 Warren et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110319998 O'Neil et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110320000 O'Neil et al. Dec 2011 A1
20120004726 Greenhalgh et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120004732 Goel et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120006361 Miyagi et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120010715 Spann Jan 2012 A1
20120022654 Farris et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120029636 Ragab et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120035730 Spann Feb 2012 A1
20120059474 Weiman Mar 2012 A1
20120059475 Weiman Mar 2012 A1
20120071977 Oglaza et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120071980 Purcell et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120083889 Purcell et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120123546 Medina May 2012 A1
20120136443 Wenzel May 2012 A1
20120150304 Glerum et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120150305 Glerum et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120158146 Glerum et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120158147 Glerum et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120158148 Glerum et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120185049 Varela Jul 2012 A1
20120197403 Merves Aug 2012 A1
20120203290 Warren et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120203347 Glerum et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120215262 Culbert et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120215315 Hochschuler et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120226357 Varela Sep 2012 A1
20120232552 Morgenstern et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120232658 Morgenstern et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120253395 Linares Oct 2012 A1
20120253406 Bae et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120265309 Glerum et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120277795 Von et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120277869 Siccardi Nov 2012 A1
20120277877 Smith et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120290090 Glerum et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120290097 Cipoletti et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120310350 Farris et al. Dec 2012 A1
20120310352 Dimauro et al. Dec 2012 A1
20120323328 Weiman Dec 2012 A1
20120330421 Weiman Dec 2012 A1
20120330422 Weiman Dec 2012 A1
20130006361 Glerum et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130023993 Weiman Jan 2013 A1
20130023994 Glerum Jan 2013 A1
20130030536 Rhoda et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130030544 Studer Jan 2013 A1
20130053966 Jimenez et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130060337 Petersheim et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130073044 Gamache Mar 2013 A1
20130085572 Glerum et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130085574 Sledge Apr 2013 A1
20130110240 Hansell et al. May 2013 A1
20130116791 Theofilos May 2013 A1
20130123924 Butler et al. May 2013 A1
20130123927 Malandain May 2013 A1
20130138214 Greenhalgh et al. May 2013 A1
20130144387 Walker et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130144388 Emery et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158663 Miller et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158664 Palmatier et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158667 Tabor et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158668 Nichols et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130158669 Sungarian et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130173004 Greenhalgh et al. Jul 2013 A1
20130190875 Shulock et al. Jul 2013 A1
20130190876 Drochner et al. Jul 2013 A1
20130190877 Medina Jul 2013 A1
20130197647 Wolters et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130204371 McLuen et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130211525 McLuen et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130211526 Alheidt et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130218276 Fiechter et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130231747 Olmos et al. Sep 2013 A1
20130253585 Garcia et al. Sep 2013 A1
20130261746 Linares et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130310939 Fabian et al. Nov 2013 A1
20140025169 Lechmann et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140039622 Glerum et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140039626 Dale Feb 2014 A1
20140046333 Johnson et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140046446 Robinson Feb 2014 A1
20140052259 Garner et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140058513 Gahman et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140067073 Hauck Mar 2014 A1
20140081267 Orsak et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140086962 Jin et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140094916 Glerum et al. Apr 2014 A1
20140100662 Patterson Apr 2014 A1
20140114414 Abdou et al. Apr 2014 A1
20140114423 Suedkamp et al. Apr 2014 A1
20140128977 Glerum et al. May 2014 A1
20140128980 Louis May 2014 A1
20140135934 Hansell et al. May 2014 A1
20140142706 Hansell et al. May 2014 A1
20140163682 Lott Jun 2014 A1
20140163683 Seifert et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140172106 To et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140180421 Glerum et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140188225 Dmuschewsky Jul 2014 A1
20140228959 Niemiec et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140243981 Davenport et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140243982 Miller Aug 2014 A1
20140249629 Moskowitz et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140249630 Weiman Sep 2014 A1
20140257484 Flower et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140257486 Alheidt Sep 2014 A1
20140257494 Thorwarth et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277204 Sandhu Sep 2014 A1
20140277464 Richter et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277476 McLean et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140277481 Lee et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140303731 Glerum Oct 2014 A1
20140303732 Rhoda et al. Oct 2014 A1
20140324171 Glerum et al. Oct 2014 A1
20150012097 Ibarra et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150045894 Hawkins et al. Feb 2015 A1
20150088256 Ballard Mar 2015 A1
20150094610 Morgenstern et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150094812 Cain Apr 2015 A1
20150094813 Lechmann et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150112398 Morgenstern et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150112437 Davis et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150112438 McLean Apr 2015 A1
20150157470 Voellmicke et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150164655 Dimauro Jun 2015 A1
20150173914 Dimauro et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150173916 Cain Jun 2015 A1
20150196401 Dimauro et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150202052 Dimauro Jul 2015 A1
20150216671 Cain Aug 2015 A1
20150216672 Cain Aug 2015 A1
20150216673 Dimauro Aug 2015 A1
20150230932 Schaller Aug 2015 A1
20150238324 Nebosky et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150320571 Lechmann et al. Nov 2015 A1
20160000577 Dimauro Jan 2016 A1
20160022437 Kelly et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160038301 Wickham Feb 2016 A1
20160038304 Aquino et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160045333 Baynham Feb 2016 A1
20160051376 Serhan et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160058573 Dimauro et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160067055 Hawkins et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160074170 Rogers et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160074175 O'Neil Mar 2016 A1
20160100954 Rumi et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160120662 Schaller May 2016 A1
20160128843 Tsau et al. May 2016 A1
20160199196 Serhan et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160228258 Schaller et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160242929 Voellmicke et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160310296 Dimauro et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160317313 Dimauro Nov 2016 A1
20160317317 Marchek et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160317714 Dimauro et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160331541 Dimauro et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160331546 Lechmann et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160331548 Dimauro et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160338854 Serhan et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160367265 Morgenstern Lopez Dec 2016 A1
20160367380 Dimauro Dec 2016 A1
20160374821 Dimauro et al. Dec 2016 A1
20170000622 Thommen et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170035578 Dimauro et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170071756 Slivka et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170095341 Smith Apr 2017 A1
20170290674 Olmos et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170290675 Olmos et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170290677 Olmos et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170304074 Dimauro et al. Oct 2017 A1
20180055649 Kelly et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180078379 Serhan et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180256362 Slivka et al. Sep 2018 A1
20190083276 Dimauro Mar 2019 A1
20190105171 Rogers et al. Apr 2019 A1
20190142602 Olmos et al. May 2019 A1
20190388238 Lechmann et al. Dec 2019 A1
20200008950 Serhan et al. Jan 2020 A1
20200015982 O'Neil Jan 2020 A1
20200030114 Cain Jan 2020 A1
20200297506 Olmos et al. Sep 2020 A1
20200375754 Cain Dec 2020 A1
20200375755 Cain Dec 2020 A1
20200383799 Cain Dec 2020 A1
20200405497 Olmos et al. Dec 2020 A1
20200405500 Cain Dec 2020 A1
20210000160 Olmos et al. Jan 2021 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (271)
Number Date Country
2005314079 Jun 2006 AU
2006279558 Feb 2007 AU
2617872 Feb 2007 CA
1177918 Apr 1998 CN
1383790 Dec 2002 CN
1819805 Aug 2006 CN
101031260 Sep 2007 CN
101087566 Dec 2007 CN
101185594 May 2008 CN
101631516 Jan 2010 CN
101909548 Dec 2010 CN
102164552 Aug 2011 CN
104042366 Sep 2014 CN
2804936 Aug 1979 DE
3023353 Apr 1981 DE
3801459 Aug 1989 DE
3911610 Oct 1990 DE
4012622 Jul 1991 DE
9407806 Jul 1994 DE
19710392 Jul 1999 DE
19832798 Nov 1999 DE
20101793 May 2001 DE
202006005868 Jun 2006 DE
202008001079 Mar 2008 DE
10357960 Sep 2015 DE
0077159 Apr 1983 EP
0260044 Mar 1988 EP
0270704 Jun 1988 EP
0282161 Sep 1988 EP
0433717 Jun 1991 EP
0509084 Oct 1992 EP
0525352 Feb 1993 EP
0529275 Mar 1993 EP
0609084 Aug 1994 EP
0611557 Aug 1994 EP
0621020 Oct 1994 EP
0625336 Nov 1994 EP
0678489 Oct 1995 EP
0743045 Nov 1996 EP
0853929 Jul 1998 EP
1046376 Oct 2000 EP
1157676 Nov 2001 EP
1283026 Feb 2003 EP
1290985 Mar 2003 EP
1308132 May 2003 EP
1374784 Jan 2004 EP
1378205 Jan 2004 EP
1405602 Apr 2004 EP
1532949 May 2005 EP
1541096 Jun 2005 EP
1605836 Dec 2005 EP
1385449 Jul 2006 EP
1683593 Jul 2006 EP
1698305 Sep 2006 EP
1829486 Sep 2007 EP
1843723 Oct 2007 EP
1845874 Oct 2007 EP
1924227 May 2008 EP
1925272 May 2008 EP
2331023 Jun 2011 EP
2368529 Sep 2011 EP
2237748 Sep 2012 EP
2641571 Sep 2013 EP
2705809 Mar 2014 EP
2764851 Aug 2014 EP
3366263 Aug 2018 EP
2649311 Jan 1991 FR
2699065 Jun 1994 FR
2712486 May 1995 FR
2718635 Oct 1995 FR
2728778 Jul 1996 FR
2730159 Aug 1996 FR
2745709 Sep 1997 FR
2800601 May 2001 FR
2801189 May 2001 FR
2808182 Nov 2001 FR
2874814 Mar 2006 FR
2913331 Sep 2008 FR
2948277 Jan 2011 FR
2157788 Oct 1985 GB
2173565 Oct 1986 GB
64-052439 Feb 1989 JP
06-500039 Jan 1994 JP
06-319742 Nov 1994 JP
07-502419 Mar 1995 JP
07-184922 Jul 1995 JP
07-213533 Aug 1995 JP
10-085232 Apr 1998 JP
11-089854 Apr 1999 JP
2003-010197 Jan 2003 JP
2003-126266 May 2003 JP
2003-526457 Sep 2003 JP
2006-501901 Jan 2006 JP
2006-516456 Jul 2006 JP
2007-054666 Mar 2007 JP
2007-530243 Nov 2007 JP
2008-507363 Mar 2008 JP
2008-126085 Jun 2008 JP
2011-509766 Mar 2011 JP
2011-520580 Jul 2011 JP
2012-020153 Feb 2012 JP
2012-508048 Apr 2012 JP
4988203 Aug 2012 JP
2013-508031 Mar 2013 JP
5164571 Mar 2013 JP
20-0290058 Sep 2002 KR
9109572 Jul 1991 WO
9204423 Mar 1992 WO
9207594 May 1992 WO
9214423 Sep 1992 WO
9304634 Mar 1993 WO
9304652 Mar 1993 WO
9317669 Sep 1993 WO
9404100 Mar 1994 WO
9531158 Nov 1995 WO
9628100 Sep 1996 WO
9700054 Jan 1997 WO
9726847 Jul 1997 WO
9834552 Aug 1998 WO
9834568 Aug 1998 WO
9902214 Jan 1999 WO
9926562 Jun 1999 WO
9942062 Aug 1999 WO
9952478 Oct 1999 WO
9953871 Oct 1999 WO
9960956 Dec 1999 WO
9962417 Dec 1999 WO
9963914 Dec 1999 WO
0012033 Mar 2000 WO
0013620 Mar 2000 WO
2000011355 Mar 2000 WO
0024343 May 2000 WO
0067652 May 2000 WO
0044288 Aug 2000 WO
0053127 Sep 2000 WO
0067650 Nov 2000 WO
0067651 Nov 2000 WO
0074605 Dec 2000 WO
0076409 Dec 2000 WO
0101893 Jan 2001 WO
0101895 Jan 2001 WO
0110316 Feb 2001 WO
0112054 Feb 2001 WO
0117464 Mar 2001 WO
0168004 Sep 2001 WO
0180751 Nov 2001 WO
0195838 Dec 2001 WO
0203870 Jan 2002 WO
0217824 Mar 2002 WO
0217825 Mar 2002 WO
0230338 Apr 2002 WO
0243601 Jun 2002 WO
0243628 Jun 2002 WO
0245627 Jun 2002 WO
0247563 Jun 2002 WO
0271921 Sep 2002 WO
0285250 Oct 2002 WO
0302021 Jan 2003 WO
0305937 Jan 2003 WO
0307854 Jan 2003 WO
0320169 Mar 2003 WO
0321308 Mar 2003 WO
0322165 Mar 2003 WO
0328587 Apr 2003 WO
0343488 May 2003 WO
0303951 Jun 2003 WO
2003051557 Jun 2003 WO
2003101308 Dec 2003 WO
2004008949 Jan 2004 WO
0359180 Mar 2004 WO
2004030582 Apr 2004 WO
2004034924 Apr 2004 WO
2004062505 Jul 2004 WO
2004064603 Aug 2004 WO
2004069033 Aug 2004 WO
2004073563 Sep 2004 WO
2004078220 Sep 2004 WO
2004078221 Sep 2004 WO
2004080316 Sep 2004 WO
2004082526 Sep 2004 WO
2004098420 Nov 2004 WO
2004098453 Nov 2004 WO
2004108022 Dec 2004 WO
2005027734 Mar 2005 WO
2005032433 Apr 2005 WO
2005039455 May 2005 WO
2005051246 Jun 2005 WO
2005081877 Sep 2005 WO
2005094297 Oct 2005 WO
2005112834 Dec 2005 WO
2005112835 Dec 2005 WO
2005115261 Dec 2005 WO
2006017507 Feb 2006 WO
2006044920 Apr 2006 WO
2006047587 May 2006 WO
2006047645 May 2006 WO
2006058079 Jun 2006 WO
2006058281 Jun 2006 WO
2006060420 Jun 2006 WO
2006063083 Jun 2006 WO
2006065419 Jun 2006 WO
2006066228 Jun 2006 WO
2006072941 Jul 2006 WO
2006081843 Aug 2006 WO
2006108067 Oct 2006 WO
2006118944 Nov 2006 WO
2007009107 Jan 2007 WO
2007022194 Feb 2007 WO
2007028098 Mar 2007 WO
2007048012 Apr 2007 WO
2007067726 Jun 2007 WO
2007084427 Jul 2007 WO
2007119212 Oct 2007 WO
2007124130 Nov 2007 WO
2008005627 Jan 2008 WO
2008011378 Jan 2008 WO
2008044057 Apr 2008 WO
2008064842 Jun 2008 WO
2008070863 Jun 2008 WO
2008103781 Aug 2008 WO
2008103832 Aug 2008 WO
2009064787 May 2009 WO
2009092102 Jul 2009 WO
2009124269 Oct 2009 WO
2009143496 Nov 2009 WO
2009147527 Dec 2009 WO
2009152919 Dec 2009 WO
2010011348 Jan 2010 WO
2010068725 Jun 2010 WO
2010075451 Jul 2010 WO
2010075555 Jul 2010 WO
2010088766 Aug 2010 WO
2010121002 Oct 2010 WO
2010136170 Dec 2010 WO
2010148112 Dec 2010 WO
2011013047 Feb 2011 WO
2011046459 Apr 2011 WO
2011046460 Apr 2011 WO
2011060087 May 2011 WO
2011079910 Jul 2011 WO
2011119617 Sep 2011 WO
2011142761 Nov 2011 WO
2011150350 Dec 2011 WO
2012009152 Jan 2012 WO
2012028182 Mar 2012 WO
2012030331 Mar 2012 WO
2012089317 Jul 2012 WO
2012122294 Sep 2012 WO
2012135764 Oct 2012 WO
2013006669 Jan 2013 WO
2013023096 Feb 2013 WO
2013025876 Feb 2013 WO
2013043850 Mar 2013 WO
2013062903 May 2013 WO
2013082184 Jun 2013 WO
2013148176 Oct 2013 WO
2013158294 Oct 2013 WO
2013173767 Nov 2013 WO
2013184946 Dec 2013 WO
2014014610 Jan 2014 WO
2014018098 Jan 2014 WO
2014026007 Feb 2014 WO
2014035962 Mar 2014 WO
2014088521 Jun 2014 WO
2014116891 Jul 2014 WO
2014144696 Sep 2014 WO
2015048997 Apr 2015 WO
2016069796 May 2016 WO
2016127139 Aug 2016 WO
2017040881 Mar 2017 WO
2017136620 Aug 2017 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (93)
Entry
US 5,545,827 A, 08/1996, Aust (withdrawn)
Spine Solutions Brochure—Prodisc 2001, 16 pages.
ProMap TM EMG Navigation Probe. Technical Brochure Spineology Inc, Dated May 2009.
Medco Forum, “Percutaneous Lumbar Fixation Via PERPOS PLS System Interventional Spine”, Sep. 2008, vol. 15, No. 37.
Link SB Charite Brochure—Intervertebral Prosthesis 1988, 29 pages.
Hoogland et al., “Total Lumar Intervertebral Disc Replacement: Testing a New Articulating Space in Human Cadaver Spines-241”, Annual ORS, Dallas, TX, Feb. 21-23, 1978, 8 pages.
Gore, “Technique of Cervical Interbody Fusion”, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Sep. 1984, pp. 191-195, No. 188.
Fuchs, “The use of an interspinous implant in conjuction with a graded facetectomy procedure”, Spine vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 1266-1272, 2005.
Folman, Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disease Using a Minimally Invasive B-Twin Expandable Spinal Spacer, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, 2003, pp. 455-460, vol. 16(5).
Chiang, “Biomechanical Comparison of Instrumented Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with One or Two Cages by Finite Element Analysis”, Spine, Sep. 2006, pp. E682- E689, vol. 31(19), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Alfen et al., “Developments in the area of Endoscopic Spine Surgery”, European Musculoskeletal Review 2006, pp. 23-24, Thessys(Trademark), Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Systems, joi max Medical Solutions.
Zucherman, “A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Trial Evaluating the X Stop Interspinous Process Decompression System for the Treatment of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication”, SPINE, vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 1351-1358, 2005.
Vikram Talwar,“Insertion loads of the X Stop Interspinous Process Distraction System Designed to Treat Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication”, EUR SPINE J. (2006) 15: pp. 908-912.
Shin, “Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion via a Unilateral Approach”, Yonsei Medical Journal, 2006, pp. 319-325, vol. 47(3).
Polikeit, “The Importance of the Endplate for Interbody Cages in the Lumbar Spine”, Eur. Spine J., 2003, pp. 556-561, vol. 12.
Niosi, Christina A., “Biomechanical Characterization of the three-dimentinoal kinematic behavior of the Dynesys dynamic stabilization system: an in vitro study”, EUR SPINE J. (2006) 15: pp. 913-922.
Morgenstern R; “Transforaminal Endoscopic Stenosis Surgery -A Comparative Study of Laser and Reamed Foraminoplasty”, in European Musculoskeletal Review, Issue 1, 2009.
Method and Apparatus for Spinal Stabilization, U.S. Appl. No. 60/942,998.
Method and apparatus for spinal fixation, U.S. Appl. No. 60/424,055.
Method and apparatus for spinal fixation, U.S. Appl. No. 60/397,588.
Medco Forum, “Percutaneous Lumbar Fixation via PERPOS System From Interventional Spine”, Oct. 2007, vol. 14, No. 49.
Manal Siddiqui, “The Positional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in the Lumbar Spine Following Insertion of a Novel Interspinous Process Distraction Device”, SPINE vol. 30, No. 23, pp. 2677-2682.
Mahar et al., “Biomechanical Comparison of Novel Percutaneous Transfacet Device and a Traditional Posterior System for Single Level Fusion”, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, Dec. 2006, vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 591-594.
Krbec, “Replacement of the Vertebral Body with an Expansion Implant (Synex)”, Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech, 2002, pp. 158-162, vol. 69(3).
King, M.D., Don, “Internal Fixation for Lumbosacral Fusion”, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, J. Bone Joint Surg Am., 1948; 30: 560-578.
Kambin et al., “Percutaneous Lateral Discectomy of the Lumbar Spine: A Preliminary Report”, Clin. Orthop,: 1983, 174: 127-132.
Iprenburg et al., “Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery in Lumbar Disc Herniation in an Economic Crisis—The IESSYS Method”, US Musculoskeletal, 2008, p. 47-49.
Hunt, “Expandable Cage Placement Via a Posterolateral Approach in Lumbar Spine Reconstructions”, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Sep. 2006, pp. 271-274, vol. 5.
Gray's Anatomy, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1977, pp. 33-54.
Expandable Intervertebral Implant, U.S. Appl. No. 14/685,402.
Expandable Intervertebral Implant, U.S. Appl. No. 14/685,358.
Expandable Intervertebral Implant, U.S. Appl. No. 14/640,220.
Expandable Implant, U.S. Appl. No. 61/675,975.
Chin, Kingsley R., M.D. “Early Results of the Triage Medical Percutaneous Transfacet Pedicular BONE-LOK Compression Device for Lumbar Fusion”, accessed online Jul. 10, 2017, 10 pages.
Brooks et al., “Efficacy of Supplemental Posterior Transfacet Pedicle Device Fixation in the Setting of One- or Two-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion”, Retrieved Jun. 19, 2017, 6 pages.
Brochure for PERPOS PLS System Surgical Technique by Interventional Spine, 2008, 8 pages.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/942,998, Method and Apparatus for Spinal Stabilization, filed Jun. 8, 2007.
U.S. Appl. No. 61/675,975, Expandable Implant, filed Jul. 26, 2012.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/397,588, Method and apparatus for spinal fixation, filed Jul. 19, 2002.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/794,171, Method and apparatus for spinal fixation, filed Apr. 21, 2006.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/424,055, filed Nov. 5, 2002, entitled Method and apparatus for spinal fixation.
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/029014, International Search Report dated Jul. 1, 2013, 2 pages.
Bruder et al., Identification and characterization of a cell surface differentiation antigen on human osteoprogenitor cells. 42nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, p. 574, Feb. 19-22, 1996, Atlanta, Georgia.
Bruder et al., Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human osteogenic cell surface antigens. Bone. Sep. 1997;21 (3):225-235.
Burkoth et al., A review of photocrosslinked polyanhydrides: in situ forming degradable networks. Biomaterials Dec. 2000; 21 (23): 2395-2404.
Cambridge Scientific News, FDA Approves Cambridge Scientific, Inc.'s Orthopedic WISORB (TM) Malleolar Screw [online], Jul. 30, 2002 [retrieved on Oct. 14, 2003], Retrieved from the Internet <URL http://www.cambridgescientificinc.com>.
Carrino, John A., Roxanne Chan and Alexander R. Vaccaro, “Vertebral Augmentation: Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty”, Seminars in Roentgenology, vol. 39, No. 1 Jan. 2004: pp. 68-84.
Cheng, B.C., Ph D., Biomechanical pullout strength and histology of Plasmapore Registered XP coated implants Ovine multi time point survival study Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, 2013, 12 pages.
Edeland, H.G., “Some Additional Suggestions For An Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis”, J of Bio Medical Engr., vol. 7(1) pp. 57-62, Jan. 1985.
European Search Report EP03253921 dated Nov. 13, 2003, 4 pages.
Flemming et al., Monoclonal anitbody against adult marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells recognizes developing vasculature in embryonic human skin. Developmental Dynamics. 1998;212:119-132.
Gennaro, A.R., ed., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Williams & Wilkins, 19th edition, Jun. 1995.
Ha et al. (Topographical characterization and microstructural interface analysis of vacuum-plasma-sprayed titanium and hydroxyapatite coatings on carbon fiber-reinforced poly (etheretherketone), Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Science 9 (1997), pp. 891-896.
Haas, Norbert P., New Products from AO Development [online], May 2002 [retrieved on Oct. 14, 2003], Retrieved from the Internet <URL: http://www.ao.asif.ch/development/pdf_tk_news_02.pdf>.
Hao et al., Investigation of nanocomposites based on semi-interpenetrating network of [L- poly (epsilon- caprolactone)]/[net-poly (epsilon-caprolactone)] and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Biomaterials Apr. 2003;24(9): 1531-9.
Harsha et al., Tribo performance of polyaryletherketone composites, Polymer Testing (21) (2002) pp. 697-709.
Haynesworth et al., Cell surface antigens on human marrow-derived mesenchymal cells are detected by monoclonal antibodies. Bone. 1992;13(1):69-80.
Hitchon et al., Comparison of the biomechanics of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in a cadaveric spinal compression fracture model J Neurosurg. Oct. 2001;95(2 Suppl):215-20.
International Patent Application No. PCT /US2013/029014, International Search Report dated Jul. 1, 2013, 7 pages.
Joshi, Ajeya P., M.D. and Paul A. Glazer, M.D., “Vertebroplasty: Current Concepts and Outlook for the Future”, 2003, (5 pages), From: http://www.orthojournalhms.org/html/pdfs/manuscript-15.pdf.
Kandziora, Frank, et al., “Biomechanical Analysis of Biodegradable Interbody Fusion Cages Augmented with Poly (propylene Glycol-co-Fumaric Acid),” SPINE, 27(15): 1644-1651 (2002).
Kotsias, A., Clinical trial of titanium-coated PEEL cages anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. [Klinishe Untersuching zum Einsatz von titanbeschichteten Polyetheretherketon- Implantaten bei der cervikalen interkorporalen fusion] Doctoral thesis. Department of Medicine, Charite, University of Medicine Berlin, 2014, 73 pages. (German Tanguage document/Engl. summary).
Kroschwitz et al., eds., Hydrogels. Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering. Wiley and Sons, pp. 458-459, 1990.
Lange, A.L., Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. McGraw-Hill Inc., 13th edition, Mar. 1985.
Lendlein et al., AB-polymer networks based on oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) segments showing shape-memory properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A Jan. 3, 20010;98(3):842-7. Epub Jan. 2, 20013.
Malberg. M I., MD; Pimenta, L., Md; Millan, M.M., MD, 9th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, May 23-25, 2002, Montreux, Switzerland. Paper #54, Paper #60, and E-Poster#54, 5 pages.
McAfee et al., Minimally invasive anterior retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine: Emphasis on the lateral BAK. SPINE, 1998;23(13): 1476-84.
Mendez et al., Self-curing acrylic formulations containing PMMA/PCL composites: properties and antibiotic release behavior. J Biomed Mater Res. Jul. 2002;61 (1 ):66-74.
Nguyen et al., Poly(Aryl-Ether-Ether-Ketone) and its Advanced Composites: A Review, Polymer Composites, Apr. 1987, vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 57-73.
Osteoset Registered DBM Pellets (Important Medical Information) [online], Nov. 2002 [retrieved on Oct. 14, 2003]. Retrieved from the Internet <URL: http://www.wmt.com/Literature>.
Porocoat(R) Porous Coating, 1 Page, https://emea.depuysynthese.com/hcp/hip/products/qs/porocoat-porous-coatingemea Accessed on Jul. 31, 2017.
Regan et al., Endoscopic thoracic fusion cage. Atlas of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. 1995;350-354.
Slivka et al., In vitro compression testing of fiber-reinforced, bioabsorbable, porous implants. Synthetic Bioabsorbable Polymers for Implants. STP1396, pp. 124-135, ATSM International, Jul. 2000.
Sonic Accelerated Fracture Healing System/Exogen 3000. Premarket Approval. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Date believed to be May 10, 2000. Retrieved Jul. 23, 2012 from <http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMA/pma.cfm?id=14736#>. 4 page, 2012.
Stewart et al., Co-expression of the stro-1 anitgen and alkaline phosphatase in cultures of human bone and marrow cells. ASBMR 18th Annual Meeting. Bath Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, Avon, UK Abstract No. P208, p. S142, 1996.
Timmer et al., In vitro degradation of polymeric networks of poly(propylene fumarate) and the crosslinking macromer poly(propylene fumarate)-diacrylate. Biomaterials. Feb. 2003;24(4 ):571-7.
United States Disctrict Court, Central District of California, Case No. 1 :10-CV-00849-LPS, Nuvasive, Inc., vs., Globus Medical, Inc., Videotaped Deposition of: Luiz Pimenta, M.D., May 9, 2012, 20 pages.
Walsh et al., Preparation of porous composite implant materials by in situ polymerization of porous apatite containing epsilon-caprolactone or methyl methacrylate. Biomaterials. Jun. 2001;22( 11):1205-12.
Zimmer.com, Longer BAK/L Sterile Interbody Fusion Devices. Date believed to be 1997. Product Data Sheet.Zimmer. Retrieved Jul. 23, 2012 from <http:/ catalog.zimmer.com/contenUzpc/products/600/600/620/S20/S045. html>, 2 pages.
CN Office Action dated Apr. 24, 2020 for CN Application No. 201780040910.
U.S. Appl. No. 09/558,057, filed Apr. 26, 2000, entitled Bone Fixation System.
Allcock, “Polyphosphazenes”; The Encyclopedia of Polymer Science; 1988; pp. 31-41; vol. 13; Wiley Intersciences, John Wiley & Sons.
Cohn, “Biodegradable PEO/PLA Block Copolymers”; Journal of Biomedical Materials Research; 1988; pp. 993-1009 vol. 22; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cohn, “Polymer Preprints”; Journal of Biomaterials Research; 1989; p. 498; Biomaterials Research Labortatory, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Israel.
Heller, “Poly (Otrho Esters)”; Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers; edited by Domb; et al.; Hardwood Academic Press; 1997; pp. 99-118.
Japanese Office Action for Application No. 2013-542047, dated Sep. 8, 2015 (12 pages).
Japanese Office Action for Application No. 2016-135826, dated Jun. 6, 2017, (7 pages).
Kemnitzer, “Degradable Polymers Derived From the Amino Acid L-Tyrosine”; 1997; pp. 251-272; edited by Domb, et al., Hardwood Academic Press.
Khoo, “Minimally Invasive Correction of Grade I and II Isthmic Spondylolisthesis using AxiaLIF for L5/S1 Fusion”, pp. 1-7, Rev B Sep. 15, 2008.
U.S. Appl. No. 61/009,546, filed Dec. 28, 2007 Rodgers.
U.S. Appl. No. 61/140,926, filed Dec. 26, 2008 Spann.
U.S. Appl. No. 61/178,315, filed May 14, 2009 Spann.
Vandorpe, “Biodegradable Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications”; Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers 1997; pp. 161-182; Hardwood Academic Press.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20180256360 A1 Sep 2018 US
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
61042724 Apr 2008 US
Continuations (3)
Number Date Country
Parent 14988501 Jan 2016 US
Child 15976262 US
Parent 14565611 Dec 2014 US
Child 14988501 US
Parent 12936466 US
Child 14565611 US