Patent Grant
6994170
This invention relates, in general, to a sand control screen assembly positioned in a production interval of a wellbore and, in particular, to an expandable sand control screen assembly having fluid flow control capabilities for selectively permitting and preventing fluid flow therethrough.
Without limiting the scope of the present invention, its background will be described with reference to producing fluid from a subterranean formation, as an example.
After drilling each of the sections of a subterranean wellbore, individual lengths of relatively large diameter metal tubulars are typically secured together to form a casing string that is positioned within each section of the wellbore. This casing string is used to increase the integrity of the wellbore by preventing the wall of the hole from caving in. In addition, the casing string prevents movement of fluids from one formation to another formation. Conventionally, each section of the casing string is cemented within the wellbore before the next section of the wellbore is drilled.
Once this well construction process is finished, the completion process may begin. The completion process comprises numerous steps including creating hydraulic openings or perforations through the production casing string, the cement and a short distance into the desired formation or formations so that production fluids may enter the interior of the wellbore. The completion process may also include installing a production tubing string within the well casing which is used to produce the well by providing the conduit for formation fluids to travel from the formation depth to the surface.
To selectively permit and prevent fluid flow into the production tubing string, it is common practice to install one or more sliding sleeve type flow control devices within the tubing string. Typical sliding sleeve type flow control devices comprise a generally tubular body portion having side wall inlet openings formed therein and a tubular flow control sleeve coaxially and slidably disposed within the body portion. The sleeve is operable for axial movement relative to the body portion between a closed position, in which the sleeve blocks the body inlet ports, and an open position, in which the sleeve uncovers the ports to permit fluid to flow inwardly therethrough into the interior of the body and thus into the interior of the production tubing string. The sliding sleeves thus function as movable valve elements operable to selectively permit and prevent fluid inflow. Generally, cylindrical shifter tools, coaxially lowered into the interior of the tubing string on a wireline or other conveyance, are utilized to shift selected ones of the sliding sleeves from their closed positions to their open positions, or vice versa, to provide subsurface flow control in the well.
It has been found, however, that typical sliding sleeve type flow control devices are not suitable in completions requiring sand control as they are not compatible with typical sand control screens. Recently, a device has been proposed that combines sand control and fluid flow control, which was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,928. Specifically, the device includes a generally tubular body for placement into the wellbore. The tubular body has a sand control screen at an outer surface for preventing sand from entering into the tubular body. After the fluid flows through the sand control screen it must pass through a labyrinth. A slidable sleeve on the labyrinth controls the fluid velocity therethrough. The slidable sleeve is moved by a remotely and electrically-operated device placed in the tubular body. The fluid leaving the labyrinth passes to the tubing string for carrying the fluid to the surface.
It has been found, however, the labyrinth type flow control devices are difficult and expensive to manufacture and can be unreliable under certain inflow conditions. Accordingly, need has arisen for a fluid flow control device for controlling the inflow of formation fluids in a completion requiring sand control. A need has also arisen for such a fluid flow control device that is not difficult or expensive to manufacture. Further, a need has arisen for such a fluid flow control device that is reliable in a variety of flow conditions.
The present invention disclosed herein comprises a sand control screen assembly having fluid flow control capabilities for controlling the inflow of formation fluids in completions requiring sand control and a method for use of the same. The sand control screen assembly of the present invention is not difficult or expensive to manufacture. In addition, the sand control screen assembly of the present invention is reliable in a variety of flow conditions.
The sand control screen assembly of the present invention comprises a base pipe having at least one opening that allows fluid flow therethrough and a filter medium positioned about the exterior of the base pipe that allows fluid flow therethrough but prevents particulate flow therethrough. An inflatable seal member is disposed within the at least one opening of the base pipe. The inflatable seal member controls fluid flow through the at least one opening of the base pipe. An inflation fluid source in fluid communication with the inflatable seal member provides an inflation fluid to the inflatable seal member to selectively urge the inflatable seal member into sealing engagement with the at least one opening to thereby prevent fluid flow therethrough.
In one embodiment, the at least one opening has a contoured rim that urges the inflatable seal member to remain disposed within the at least one opening. In another embodiment, a retainer member positioned within the at least one opening urges the inflatable seal member to remain disposed within the at least one opening. In yet another embodiment, a retainer member positioned on a side wall of the base pipe around the at least one opening urges the inflatable seal member to remain disposed within the at least one opening. In addition, the inflatable seal member may comprise a resilient material that urges the inflatable seal member away from sealing engagement with the at least one opening.
In one embodiment, the inflation fluid source may comprise a tubing network positioned between the base pipe and the filter medium. In another embodiment, the inflation fluid source comprises a tubing network positioned within grooves in the base pipe. In either embodiment, the tubing network may extend from the surface to the sand control screen assembly. In addition, a check valve may be positioned in the tubing network proximate the inflatable seal member that allows the inflation fluid to flow into the inflatable seal member but prevents the inflation fluid from flowing out of the inflatable seal member.
The sand control screen assembly of the present invention may be run downhole as part of a spoolable coiled tubing. Thereafter, the sand control screen assembly of the present invention may be radially expanded downhole. In addition, the sand control screen assembly of the present invention may include a sensor operably associated with the inflation fluid source that monitors at least one downhole parameter and provides a signal to the inflation fluid source to urge the inflatable seal member into sealing engagement with the at least one opening.
In another aspect, the present invention involves a method for controlling the fluid flow through a sand control screen assembly. The method comprises providing a sand control screen assembly including a base pipe having at least one opening that allows fluid flow therethrough and a filter medium positioned about the exterior of the base pipe, positioning the sand control screen assembly downhole and selectively urging an inflatable seal member disposed within the at least one opening into sealing engagement with the at least one opening by providing an inflation fluid to the inflatable seal member from an inflation fluid source. The method may also comprise the step of unspooling the sand control screen assembly to run it downhole and the step of radially expanding the sand control screen assembly downhole.
For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention along with the accompanying figures in which corresponding numerals in the different figures refer to corresponding parts and in which:
While the making and using of various embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not delimit the scope of the present invention.
Referring initially to
Positioned within casing string 28 and extending from wellhead installation 22 is a tubing string 36. Tubing string 36 provides a conduit for formation fluids to travel from formations 14, 16 to the surface. A pair of packers 38, 40 provide a fluid seal between tubing string 36 and casing string 28 and define a production interval adjacent to formation 14. Likewise, packers 42, 44 provide a fluid seal between tubing string 36 and casing string 28 and define a production interval adjacent to formation 16.
Positioned within tubing string 36 in the production interval adjacent to formation 14 is a sand control screen assembly having fluid flow control capabilities 46. Likewise, positioned within tubing string 36 in the production interval adjacent to formation 16 is a sand control screen assembly having fluid flow control capabilities 48. It should be noted that sand control screen assemblies 46, 48 and tubing string 36 may be constructed from a plurality of joints that are threadably coupled together. Alternatively, sand control screen assemblies 46, 48 and tubing string 36 may be formed as a spoolable coiled tubing that is run downhole. A control line 50 extends from a surface installation 52 to provide power, communications and operating fluid to sand control screen assemblies 46, 48. Control line 50 and surface installation 52 allow for the independent control of each sand control screen assembly 46, 48.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that even though
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that even though
Referring next to
Positioned around base pipe 62 is a filter medium 66. In the illustrated embodiment, filter medium 66 is a fluid-porous, particulate restricting material such as a plurality of layers of a wire mesh that are diffusion bonded or sintered together to form a porous wire mesh screen designed to allow fluid flow therethrough but prevent the flow of particulate materials of a predetermined size from passing therethrough. Disposed around filter medium 66 is an outer shroud 68. Outer shroud 68 has a plurality of openings 70 which allow the flow of production fluids therethrough. The exact number, size and shape of openings 70 are not critical to the present invention, so long as sufficient area is provided for fluid production and the integrity of outer shroud 68 is maintained. Outer shroud 68 is designed to protect filter medium 66 during installation of sand control screen assembly 60 into the wellbore as well as during production therethrough.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that even though a specific filter medium that is particularly well suited for use in expandable embodiments of the present invention has been depicted, other types of filter media could alternatively be used including, but not limited to, a wire wrap type filter medium. In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that even though a filter medium is depicted as being positioned around the tubular having openings, the present invention is equally well-suited for use in a flow control device that does not include sand control capabilities.
Positioned within each of the openings 64 of base pipe 62 is an inflatable seal member 72. Inflatable seal members 72 selectively permit and prevent fluid flow between the interior and the exterior of sand control screen assembly 60. In the illustrated embodiment, inflatable seal members 72 are flush mounted within openings 64. Preferably, inflatable seal members 72 are constructed from a resilient material such as a rubber or other natural or synthetic polymer or similar material capable of deformation and elastic recovery. Inflatable seal members 72 may include a spring or other biasing member disposed therein to further enhance the resilient recovery of inflatable seal members 72. In addition, inflatable seal members 72 may alternatively be constructed from pliable metallic material. Also, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that even though inflatable seal members 72 are operably associated by base pipe 62, the inflatable seal members of the present invention could also be used in associated with other tubular structures including, for example, outer shroud 68.
Positioned between base pipe 62 and filter medium 66 is a control line 74. It should be noted that centralizers or other support members may be disposed between base pipe 62 and filter medium 66 to maintain the standoff therebetween. Alternatively, all or a portion of control line 74 may be run within a recess or channel in base pipe 62. As another alternative, control line 74 may be positioned on the exterior of filter medium 66 instead of between base pipe 62 and filter medium 66. In this configuration, control line 74 is preferably positioned in a recess or channel in filter medium 66. Control line 74 includes a variety of control capabilities such as electrical power via wirelines, communications via wirelines, fiber optic or the like and operating fluid via fluid conduits. Preferably, control line 74 runs from sand control screen assembly 60 to the surface such that the operations of sand control screen assembly 60 may be remotely controlled.
Operably associated with control line 74 are sensors 76. Sensors 76 may be used to monitor a variety of downhole parameters such as pressure, temperature, fluid composition and the like. Information gathered by sensors 76 may be transmitted to the surface and used to determine when to operate the flow control capabilities of sand control screen assembly 60. Positioned within a fluid conduit portion of control line 74 is a valve 78. Valve 78 selectively allows fluid communication between the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 and the interior of inflatable seal members 72. Valve 78 may be a single use valve such as a eutectic valve or may provide for multiple operations between its closed and open positions in which case the differential pressure between the control line pressure and the downhole hydrostatic pressure will operate on inflatable seal members 72 urging inflatable seal members 72 toward their open or closed positions. As an alternative, valve 78 may be a one-way valve or a one-way valve may be located at the surface location such that inflatable seal members 72 can be operated once from their open to their closed position. Extending between the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 and ports in the side wall of openings 64 are fluid conduits 80. In the illustrated embodiment, fluid conduits 80 have a curved configuration that allows for the radial expansion of sand control screen assembly 60.
Once sand control screen assembly 60 has been positioned downhole adjacent to a formation in a cased or uncased wellbore, sand control screen assembly 60 may be expanded to the configuration shown in
The expander member is operated by applying a downward force on the expander member by applying the weight of the coiled tubing string on the expander member. This downward force operates to stroke the piston to its compressed position. Once the piston completes its downward stroke, fluid is pumped down the coiled tubing string which sets the anchor section creating a friction grip between the anchor section and the interior of sand control screen assembly 60 which prevents upward movement of the anchor section. As more fluid is pumped down the coiled tubing string into the interior of the expander member, the fluid pressure urges the tapered cone section downwardly such that the tapered cone section places a radially outward force against the wall of sand control screen assembly 60 causing sand control screen assembly 60 to plastically deform. This process continues in a step wise fashion wherein each stroke of the expander member expands a section of sand control screen assembly 60. After the expansion process, the coiled tubing string and the expander member may be retrieved to the surface. Even though a particular expander member has been described, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other methods of expansion could alternatively be used including, but not limited to, pulling an expander mandrel through sand control screen assembly 60 or positioning and inflating an expander bladder within sand control screen assembly 60.
As illustrated, when sand control screen assembly 60 is radially expanded, the curved sections of fluid conduits 80 are plastically deformed to compensate for the increase in the arc length between the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 and the ports in the side wall of openings 64 and such that fluid communication is maintained between the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 and inflatable seal members 72. Once sand control screen assembly 60 is in the expanded configuration, inflatable seal members 72 initially allow fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 60 and are actuatable to prevent fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 60.
More specifically and referring both to
For example, if sensors 76 have sensed that the formation fluids being produced through sand control screen assembly 60 contain an undesirable percentage of water, then a signal may be sent to the surface via control line 74 indicating such a fluid composition. Thereafter, power may be sent to valve 78 via control line 74 and through appropriate switching or addressing circuitry such that valve 78 is operated from a closed position to an open position, thereby allowing fluid communication therethrough. Operating fluid from the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 then passes through fluid conduits 80 and the port in the side wall of openings 64 into the interior of inflatable seal members 72. Inflatable seal members 72 are thereby inflated into sealing engagement with the inner surface of the side walls of openings 64. Once in this configuration, fluid flow is no longer permitted through sand control screen assembly 60.
In some embodiments of the present invention, if it is desirable to reestablish fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 60, inflatable seal members 72 may be deflated to provide a fluid communication path between the exterior and the interior of sand control screen assembly 60 through openings 64. The deflation process involves reducing the pressure within the fluid conduit portion of control line 74 such that the pressure on the exterior of inflatable seal members 72 and the resilience of inflatable seal members 72 operate inflatable seal members 72 to the open position as depicted in
Referring next to
Positioned within each of the openings 94 of base pipe 92 is an inflatable seal member 102. Inflatable seal members 102 selectively permit and prevent fluid flow between the interior and the exterior of sand control screen assembly 90. In the illustrated embodiment, inflatable seal members 102 are flush mounted within openings 94. Preferably, inflatable seal members 102 are constructed from a resilient material such as a rubber or other natural or synthetic polymer or similar material capable of deformation and elastic recovery. Inflatable seal members 102 may be constructed with a spring or other biasing member disposed therein to further enhance the resilient recovery of inflatable seal members 102.
Positioned in a recess in filter medium 96 is a control line 104. Control line 104 includes a variety of control capabilities such as electrical power via wirelines, communications via wirelines, fiber optic or the like and operating fluid via fluid conduits. Preferably, control line 104 runs from sand control screen assembly 90 to the surface such that the operations of sand control screen assembly 90 may be remotely controlled.
Operably associated with control line 104 are sensors 106 that may be used to monitor a variety of downhole parameters such as pressure, temperature, fluid composition and the like. Information gathered by sensors 106 may be transmitted to the surface and used to determine when to operate the flow control capabilities of sand control screen assembly 90. Positioned within a fluid conduit portion of control line 104 is a valve 108 that selectively allows fluid communication between the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 and the interior of inflatable seal members 102. Extending between the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 and ports in the side wall of openings 94 are fluid conduits 110. In the illustrated embodiment, fluid conduits 110 have telescoping sections that allows for the radial expansion of sand control screen assembly 90.
Once sand control screen assembly 90 has been positioned downhole adjacent to a formation in a cased or uncased wellbore, sand control screen assembly 90 may be expanded to the configuration shown in
As illustrated, when sand control screen assembly 90 is radially expanded, the telescoping sections of fluid conduits 110 are extended to compensate for the increase in the arc length between the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 and the ports in the side wall of openings 94 and such that fluid communication is maintained between the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 and inflatable seal members 102. Once sand control screen assembly 90 is in the expanded configuration, inflatable seal members 102 initially allow fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 90 and are actuatable to prevent fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 90.
More specifically and referring both to
For example, if sensors 106 have sensed that the formation fluids being produced through sand control screen assembly 90 contain an undesirable percentage of water, then a signal may be sent to the surface via control line 104 indicating such a fluid composition. Thereafter, power may be sent to valve 108 via control line 104 and through appropriate switching or addressing circuitry such that valve 108 is operated from a closed position to an open position, thereby allowing fluid communication therethrough. Operating fluid from the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 then passes through fluid conduits 110 and the port in the side wall of openings 94 into the interior of inflatable seal members 102. Inflatable seal members 102 are thereby inflated into sealing engagement with the inner surface of the side walls of openings 94. Once in this configuration, fluid flow is no longer permitted through sand control screen assembly 90.
In some embodiments of the present invention, if it is desirable to reestablish fluid flow through sand control screen assembly 90, inflatable seal members 102 may be deflated to provide a fluid communication path between the exterior and the interior of sand control screen assembly 90 through openings 94. The deflation process involves reducing the pressure within the fluid conduit portion of control line 104 such that the pressure on the exterior of inflatable seal members 102 and the resilience of inflatable seal members 102 operate inflatable seal members 102 to the open position as depicted in
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is, therefore, intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
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