Patent Grant
9374005
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to DC-DC converters, which may be used in RF communication systems.
Portable devices, such as portable wireless communications devices, are typically battery powered and need to be relatively small, and have low cost. As such, to minimize size, cost, and power consumption, DC-DC converters in such devices need to be as simple, small, and efficient as is practical. Thus, there is a need for DC-DC converters that are low cost, small, simple, and efficient.
A DC-DC converter, which provides a converter output voltage using a DC source voltage, is disclosed according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The DC-DC converter includes converter control circuitry and a boosting charge pump, which has a charge pump output. The converter control circuitry selects one of a first boost operating mode, a second boost operating mode, and a boost disabled mode based on the DC source voltage. During the boost disabled mode, the boosting charge pump presents a high impedance at the charge pump output. During the first boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump provides a charge pump output voltage via the charge pump output, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage is equal to about one and one-half times the DC source voltage. During the second boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump provides the charge pump output voltage via the charge pump output, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage is equal to about two times the DC source voltage.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description in association with the accompanying drawings.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
A DC-DC converter, which provides a converter output voltage using a DC source voltage, is disclosed according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The DC-DC converter includes converter control circuitry and a boosting charge pump, which has a charge pump output. The converter control circuitry selects one of a first boost operating mode, a second boost operating mode, and a boost disabled mode based on the DC source voltage. During the boost disabled mode, the boosting charge pump presents a high impedance at the charge pump output. During the first boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump provides a charge pump output voltage via the charge pump output, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage is equal to about one and one-half times the DC source voltage. During the second boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump provides the charge pump output voltage via the charge pump output, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage is equal to about two times the DC source voltage.
The converter control circuitry 14 provides a first charge pump switching control signal SCS1 to the boosting charge pump 16. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 controls operation of the boosting charge pump 16 via the first charge pump switching control signal SCS1. In one embodiment of the converter control circuitry 14, the converter control circuitry 14 controls the boosting charge pump 16 using switching elements 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 (
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the DC-DC converter 10 provides the converter output voltage COV using the DC source voltage DCV. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 selects one of a first boost operating mode, a second boost operating mode, and a boost disabled mode based on the DC source voltage DCV. The boosting charge pump 16 has a charge pump output CPO, such that during the boost disabled mode, the boosting charge pump 16 presents a high impedance at the charge pump output CPO. High impedance at the charge pump output CPO is defined, such that only undesirable paths to, from, or both, the charge pump output CPO are present. Such undesirable paths may include leakage currents, parasitic couplings, the like, or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is greater than 10,000 ohms. In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is greater than 100,000 ohms. In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is greater than 1,000,000 ohms. In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is greater than 10,000,000 ohms. In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is greater than 100,000,000 ohms. In one embodiment of the high impedance, the high impedance is less than 100,000,000,000 ohms.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the boosting charge pump 16 provides the charge pump output voltage CPV via the charge pump output CPO, such that during the first boost operating mode, the charge pump output voltage CPV has first nominal value, and during the second boost operating mode, the charge pump output voltage CPV has second nominal value, which is greater than the first nominal value.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, during the first boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump 16 provides the charge pump output voltage CPV via the charge pump output CPO, such that the first nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about one and one-half times the DC source voltage DCV.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, during the second boost operating mode, the boosting charge pump 16 provides the charge pump output voltage CPV via the charge pump output CPO, such that the second nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about two times the DC source voltage DCV.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the DC-DC converter 10 is only capable of boosting the DC source voltage DCV to provide the converter output voltage COV. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 selects the boost disabled mode when the setpoint of the converter output voltage COV is less than the DC source voltage DCV minus an operating headroom. The operating headroom is an operating voltage drop inside the DC-DC converter 10, such that the DC-DC converter 10 is only capable of boosting the DC source voltage DCV to provide the converter output voltage COV after overcoming the operating headroom.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the converter control circuitry 14 selects the first boost operating mode when the DC source voltage DCV is above a first source threshold and when the setpoint of the converter output voltage COV is above the DC source voltage DCV. Conversely, in one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the converter control circuitry 14 selects the second boost operating mode when the DC source voltage DCV is below the first source threshold and when the setpoint of the converter output voltage COV is above the DC source voltage DCV.
In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the first source threshold is representative of an operating point in the boosting charge pump 16, such that the second boost operating mode may be used without damaging the switching elements 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 (
The first switching element 18 is coupled between the DC power source 12 and a first end of the first flying capacitive element CF1. The second switching element 20 is coupled between the DC power source 12 and a second end of the first flying capacitive element CF1. The third switching element 22 is coupled between the DC power source 12 and a first end of the second flying capacitive element CF2. The fourth switching element 24 is coupled between the DC power source 12 and a second end of the second flying capacitive element CF2.
The fifth switching element 26 is coupled between the charge pump output CPO and the first end of the first flying capacitive element CF1. The sixth switching element 28 is coupled between the second end of the first flying capacitive element CF1 and ground. The seventh switching element 30 is coupled between the charge pump output CPO and the first end of the second flying capacitive element CF2. The eighth switching element 32 is coupled between the second end of the second flying capacitive element CF2 and ground. The ninth switching element 34 is coupled between the second end of the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the first end of the second flying capacitive element CF2.
As such, in the boosting charge pump 16 illustrated in
Additionally, the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 are coupled in series between the DC power source 12 and ground via the first switching element 18, the eighth switching element 32 and the ninth switching element 34. Therefore, if the boosting charge pump 16 remains in the boost disabled mode long enough, the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 will charge until a voltage across each of the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 is equal to around about one-half times the DC source voltage DCV.
However, during the first boost operating mode, the first switching element 18, the third switching element 22, the sixth switching element 28, the eighth switching element 32, and the ninth switching element 34 are in the OPEN state, and the second switching element 20, the fourth switching element 24, the fifth switching element 26, and the seventh switching element 30 are in the CLOSED state, thereby coupling the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 in parallel with one another to form a parallel combination, which is coupled between the DC power source 12 and the charge pump output CPO. Using the parallel combination instead of using a single flying capacitive element reduces a voltage drop across switching elements and flying capacitive elements, thereby increasing the efficiency of the DC-DC converter 10.
As such, the DC source voltage DCV provided by the DC power source 12 combined with the one-half times the DC source voltage DCV provided by the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 provides around about one and one-half times the DC source voltage DCV at the charge pump output CPO.
As such, in the boosting charge pump 16 illustrated in
Additionally, the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 are coupled in parallel with one another to form a parallel via the first switching element 18, the third switching element 22, the sixth switching element 28, and the eighth switching element 32. The parallel combination is coupled between the DC power source 12 and ground. Therefore, if the boosting charge pump 16 remains in the boost disabled mode long enough, the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 will charge until a voltage across each of the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 is equal to around about the DC source voltage DCV.
However, during the second boost operating mode, the first switching element 18, the third switching element 22, the sixth switching element 28, the eighth switching element 32, and the ninth switching element 34 are in the OPEN state, and the second switching element 20, the fourth switching element 24, the fifth switching element 26, and the seventh switching element 30 are in the CLOSED state, thereby coupling the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 in parallel with one another to form a parallel combination, which is coupled between the DC power source 12 and the charge pump output CPO. Using the parallel combination instead of using a single flying capacitive element reduces a voltage drop across switching elements and flying capacitive elements, thereby increasing the efficiency of the DC-DC converter 10.
As such, the DC source voltage DCV provided by the DC power source 12 combined with the additional DC source voltage DCV provided by the first flying capacitive element CF1 and the second flying capacitive element CF2 provides around about two times the DC source voltage DCV at the charge pump output CPO.
The converter control circuitry 14 provides a second charge pump switching control signal SCS2 to the boosting charge pump 16. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 controls operation of the boosting charge pump 16 via the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2. During the first boost operating mode and the second boost operating mode, the buck converter 36 provides the converter output signal COS using the charge pump output signal CPS. Therefore, during the first boost operating mode and the second boost operating mode, the buck converter 36 provides the converter output voltage COV via the buck converter output BCO using the charge pump output voltage CPV.
The converter control circuitry 14 controls each of the switching elements 38, 40 in the buck converter 36 using the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2. As such, each of the switching elements 38, 40 is selected to be in one of an OPEN state and a CLOSED state based on the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2. As such, the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2 is a multi-bit signal. Further, during the boost disabled mode, since the boosting charge pump 16 presents a high impedance at the charge pump output CPO, either the tenth switching element 38 or the eleventh switching element 40, but not both simultaneously, are in the CLOSED state based on the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2.
In this regard, in one embodiment of the buck converter 36, during the boost disabled mode, when the tenth switching element 38 is in the CLOSED state, the eleventh switching element 40 is in the OPEN state and the DC power source 12 is coupled to the charge pump output CPO, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about the DC source voltage DCV. Conversely, during the boost disabled mode, when the tenth switching element 38 is in the OPEN state and the eleventh switching element 40 is in the CLOSED state, ground is coupled to the charge pump output CPO, such that a nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about zero volts.
As previously mentioned, during the first boost operating mode, the nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about one and one-half times the DC source voltage DCV. During the second boost operating mode, the nominal value of the charge pump output voltage CPV is equal to about two times the DC source voltage DCV. However, in one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the converter control circuitry 14 will only select one of the first boost operating mode and the second boost operating mode based on the DC source voltage DCV. If the DC source voltage DCV is too high, the converter control circuitry 14 will not select the second boost operating mode. Instead, the converter control circuitry 14 will select the first boost operating mode if a boosting voltage is needed. However, if the DC source voltage DCV is too low, the converter control circuitry 14 will not select the first boost operating mode. Instead, the converter control circuitry 14 will select the second boost operating mode if a boosting voltage is needed.
As such, when a boosting voltage is needed, the converter control circuitry 14 selects a first voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV, which may nominally be equal to either about one and one-half times the DC source voltage DCV or about two times the DC source voltage DCV. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 uses the first charge pump switching control signal SCS1 to select either the first boost operating mode or the second boost operating mode. Further, the converter control circuitry 14 uses the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2 to de-select the tenth switching element 38 and the eleventh switching element 40 by placing the tenth switching element 38 and the eleventh switching element 40 in their respective OPEN states. As such, the converter control circuitry 14 uses both the first charge pump switching control signal SCS1 and the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2 to select the first voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV.
If a boosting voltage is not needed, the converter control circuitry 14 selects the boost disabled mode. As such, during the boost disabled mode, the converter control circuitry 14 selects either a second voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV or a third voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV using the first charge pump switching control signal SCS1 and the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2. In one embodiment of the converter control circuitry 14, the second voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV is nominally equal to about the DC source voltage DCV. In one embodiment of the converter control circuitry 14, the third voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV is nominally equal to about zero volts, which is a bucking voltage.
In one embodiment of the converter control circuitry 14, the converter output voltage COV is fed back to the converter control circuitry 14, such that the converter control circuitry 14 selects between the first voltage, the second voltage, and the third voltage for the charge pump output voltage CPV using the first charge pump switching control signal SCS1 and the second charge pump switching control signal SCS2 to regulate the converter output voltage COV based on the setpoint of the converter output voltage COV.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 100, the RF front-end circuitry 116 receives via the RF antenna 118, processes, and forwards an RF receive signal RFR to the RF system control circuitry 114. The RF system control circuitry 114 provides the power supply control signal VRMP and a transmitter configuration signal PACS to the transmitter control circuitry 122. The transmitter control circuitry 122 forwards the power supply control signal VRMP to the DC-DC converter 10.
Control circuitry selects one of an envelope tracking mode and an average power tracking mode. In one embodiment of the RF communications system 100, the RF system control circuitry 114 includes the control circuitry. As such, the transmitter configuration signal PACS is indicative of the selection of the one of the envelope tracking mode and the average power tracking mode. In an alternate embodiment of the RF communications system 100, the transmitter control circuitry 122 includes the control circuitry that selects the one of the envelope tracking mode and the average power tracking mode. In one embodiment of the control circuitry, the control circuitry selects the average power tracking mode when an average output power from the RF PA 124 is less than a power threshold.
The RF system control circuitry 114 provides an RF input signal RFI to the RF PA 124. The DC power source 12 provides the DC source signal VDC to the DC-DC converter 10. In one embodiment of the DC power source 12, the DC power source 12 is a battery. The DC source signal VDC has the DC source voltage DCV. The transmitter control circuitry 122 is coupled to the DC-DC converter 10 and to the PA bias circuitry 128. The DC-DC converter 10 provides the converter output signal COS, which is an envelope power supply signal EPS, to the RF PA 124 based on the power supply control signal VRMP. The envelope power supply signal EPS has an envelope power supply voltage EPV. The DC source signal VDC provides power to the DC-DC converter 10. As such, the envelope power supply signal EPS is based on the DC source signal VDC. The power supply control signal VRMP is representative of a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS.
During both the envelope tracking mode and the average power tracking mode, the RF PA 124 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide an RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS. The envelope power supply signal EPS provides power for amplification. In one embodiment of the RF communications system 100, during the envelope tracking mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS at least partially envelope tracks the RF transmit signal RFT. In one embodiment of the RF communications system 100, during the average power tracking mode the envelope power supply voltage EPV is about equal to the DC source voltage DCV.
The RF front-end circuitry 116 receives, processes, and transmits the RF transmit signal RFT via the RF antenna 118. In one embodiment of the RF transmitter circuitry 112, the transmitter control circuitry 122 configures the RF transmitter circuitry 112 based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS. The PA bias circuitry 128 provides a PA bias signal PAB to the RF PA 124. In this regard, the PA bias circuitry 128 biases the RF PA 124 via the PA bias signal PAB. In one embodiment of the PA bias circuitry 128, the PA bias circuitry 128 biases the RF PA 124 based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS. In one embodiment of the RF front-end circuitry 116, the RF front-end circuitry 116 includes at least one RF switch, at least one RF amplifier, at least one RF filter, at least one RF duplexer, at least one RF diplexer, at least one RF amplifier, the like, or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment of the RF system control circuitry 114, the RF system control circuitry 114 is RF transceiver circuitry, which may include an RF transceiver IC, baseband controller circuitry, the like, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment of the DC-DC converter 10, the DC-DC converter 10 operates in the selected one of the envelope tracking mode and the average power tracking mode. During both the envelope tracking mode and the average power tracking mode, the DC-DC converter 10 regulates the envelope power supply signal EPS to be about equal to the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS.
Some of the circuitry previously described may use discrete circuitry, integrated circuitry, programmable circuitry, non-volatile circuitry, volatile circuitry, software executing instructions on computing hardware, firmware executing instructions on computing hardware, the like, or any combination thereof. The computing hardware may include mainframes, micro-processors, micro-controllers, DSPs, the like, or any combination thereof.
None of the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to limit the scope of any other embodiment of the present disclosure. Any or all of any embodiment of the present disclosure may be combined with any or all of any other embodiment of the present disclosure to create new embodiments of the present disclosure.
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/865,456, filed Aug. 13, 2013, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150048891 A1 | Feb 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61865456 | Aug 2013 | US |
