Expression of gene products from genetically manipulated strains of bordetella

Abstract

An expression system for expressing gene products from recombinant Bordetella strains and specific nucleic acid molecules useful in transforming Bordetella strains for such expression are described. A nucleic acid molecule may comprise a Bordetella promoter operatively coupled to a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product with the heterologous gene transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter. The nucleic acid molecule may further comprise a further nucleic acid molecule encoding a leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product. Another nucleic acid molecule may comprise a Bordetella promoter coupled to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a non-Bordetella leader sequence for secretion of a gene product, which may be a Bordetella gene product or a non-Bordetella gene product.

Description

FIELD TO THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of molecular biology and is particularly concerned with the expression of gene products from strains of Bordetella.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bordetella pertussis, the organism responsible for whooping cough, expresses a number of virulence factors, such as pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN). These proteins are secreted by the organism through the use of signal peptides and/or accessory genes (refs. 1 and 2--Throughout this specification, various references are referred to in parenthesis to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains. Full bibliographic information for each citation is found at the end of the specification, immediately preceding the claims. The disclosures of these references are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure). We have previously demonstrated that it is possible to manipulate the expression of these Bordetella proteins through alteration of gene copy number (ref. 3) or the use of hybrid genes with autologous promoters (ref. 4). For example, the amount of secreted- and processed PT holotoxin was increased more than 3-fold by increasing the copy number of the tox operon encoding PT (ref. 5). The amount of secreted and processed pertactin was increased 8-fold by using a hybrid gene which replaced the native prn promoter with the stronger fha promoter. The yield of pertactin was further increased to 20-fold wild-type levels by adding a second copy of the hybrid gene.

Many gene products including proteins and polypeptides of commercial and medical significance are only available in small amounts from their natural sources, are difficult to isolate or require modification of, for example, their primary amino acid sequence for optional use and/or activity. Thus, many genes have been expressed by recombinant DNA means in a variety of microbial hosts, including bacterial hosts. The gene expressed in the microbial host is typically heterologous to the host.

Examples of bacterial hosts used for expression of heterologous proteins include strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species (ref. 10) and Bacillus subtilis (ref. 11).

Particular biological properties of strains of Bordetella make them attractive hosts for the production of certain heterologous gene products. Thus, many of the antigens produced by B. pertussis are large, can be multimeric and may require post-translational assembly or processing. For example, the pertactin antigen is produced as a 93-kDa precursor and the mature protein is produced by excision of the N-terminal signal peptide and removal of a C-terminal fragment. Pertussis toxin is a 105 kDa exotoxin produced by B. pertussis, and is encoded by the TOX operon and consists of five polypeptide subunits (S1 to S5) arranged in the typical A--B structure of bacterial toxins. The S2, S3, S4 and S5 subunit form a pentamer (the B oligomer) which, when combined with the S1 subunit forms the holotoxin. For PT, for example, such complex assembly cannot be achieved in E. coli (ref. 22) and, for the 69 kd material, protein accumulated as insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli (ref. 23). This intracellular expression in E. coli is to be contrasted with the secretion of soluble antigens by B. pertussis strains. FHA is another large molecule (Mwt 220 kDa) secreted by B. pertussis (ref. 24).

Vibrio cholerae is the organism that causes cholera, a severe disease of dehydration caused by diarrhoea. Many of the symptoms of cholera can be attributed to the action of cholera toxin (CT), which like B. pertussis PT, is an A/B toxin with ADP-ribosyl transferase activity. However, unlike PT which has four different B subunit components comprising a pentamer, CT has a pentameric structure made up of identical subunits (ref. 6). Cholera toxin has been shown to have considerable use as a mucosal adjuvant and the B subunit alone may be sufficient to generate a mucosal response in some instances (ref. 7). A response is generated if cholera toxin B (CTB) is either co-administered or chemically coupled to another protein (ref. 8). Chimeric genes have also been engineered which have foreign epitopes fused to cholera toxin B and the resultant fusion proteins can sometimes induce an immune response to the foreign epitope (ref. 9).

Cholera toxin B has been expressed from recombinant V. cholerae (ref. 12), E. coli (ref. 13), and S. typhimurium (ref. 14). Although B. pertussis has been used to over-express autologous proteins by gene manipulation (refs. 4 and 5), it has not heretofore been used to produce heterologous proteins.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed towards recombinant strains of Bordetella which express non-Bordetella gene products. Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nucleic acid molecule comprising a Bordetella promoter operatively coupled to a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product, wherein the heterologous gene is transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter.

The non-Bordetella gene product may be one of a wide variety of proteins and polypeptides. The protein or peptide may be an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor, an antigen, an immunogen, an allergen, a hormone, a lymphokine, an immunoglobulin or fragment thereof, a toxin, a toxin subunit, a mammalian protein, a structural protein or a receptor.

The invention is illustrated by the expression of a cholera toxin molecule as the non-Bordetella gene product, specifically the B subunit of cholera toxin. However, any other protein or polypeptide may comprise the expressed non-Bordetella gene product.

The Bordetella promoter employed in the nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this aspect of the invention may be any of the Bordetella promoters, preferably the tox, prn and fha promoters from any Bordetella strain, including B. pertussis.

The heterologous gene component of the nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this aspect of the invention may further comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product. The leader sequence may be any sequence mediating secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product.

In one embodiment, the leader sequence is a leader sequence of a Bordetella protein or subunit thereof or a fragment or analog of the Bordetella protein leader sequence retaining secretion-mediating properties. The leader sequence may be the Bordetella pertactin leader sequence or a pertussis toxin subunit leader sequence, such as that for the S1 subunit, of any Bordetella strain, including B. pertussis.

Alternatively, in another embodiment, the leader sequence is a leader sequence of a non-Bordetella protein or subunit thereof or a fragment or analog of the non-Bordetella protein leader sequence retaining secretion-mediating properties. The non-Bordetella gene product may be a secreted gene product, in which case the non-Bordetella leader sequence preferably is the native leader sequence of the secreted gene product.

In an illustrative example of the latter embodiment of the invention, the secreted gene product may be a cholera toxin molecule, for example, the B subunit thereof and the leader sequence may be the cholera toxin B subunit leader sequence.

Specific combinations of promoter, leader sequence and heterologous gene product sequence are provided herein, including those designed toxp/CTB-L/ctb, fhap/CTB-L/ctb, toxp/S1-L/ctb, toxp/PRN-L/ctb, fhap/S1-L/ctb and fhap/PRN-L/ctb.

The nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this aspect of the invention may further comprise a first DNA sequence corresponding to a 5' flanking sequence of a selected Bordetella gene and disposed at the 5' end of the nucleic acid molecule and a second DNA sequence corresponding to a 3' flanking sequence of the selected Rordetella gene and disposed at the 3' end of the nucleic acid molecule. The first and second DNA sequences permit specific integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the genome of a Bordetella species, preferably B. pertussis, at a locus corresponding to the selected Bordetella gene. The Bordetella promoter present in the nucleic acid molecule may be that of the selected Bordetella gene providing the flanking sequences. The selected Bordetella gene may be any of the Bordetella genes, including the tox, prn or fha gene of a Bordetella strain, preferably B. pertussis.

The nucleic acid molecule with flanking regions as described above may be provided in a plasmid adapted for transformation of a Bordetella strain, preferably a B. pertussis strain. Specific plasmids have been prepared herein, as described in more detail below and are identified as plasmids DS-546-1, JB-898-2-1, DS-729-1-1, DS-729-2-1, JB-1201-4 and JB-1141-5.

Another aspect of the invention provides a recombinant strain of Bordetella, which may be a B. pertussis strain, a B. parapertussis strain, a B. bronchiseptica strain or a B. avium strain, particularly a B. pertussis strain, containing the nucleic acid molecule provided in the above-described aspect of the invention, integrated into the genome thereof and expressing the non-Bordetella gene product. One specific recombinant B. pertussis strain provided herein is B. pertussis strain 694-46, which has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., USA, on Jan. 11, 1995 under the terms of the Budapest Treaty as ATCC Accession number 55,654. The non-Bordetella gene product may be obtained by culturing a recombinant strain provided herein.

In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a nucleic acid molecule comprising a Bordetella promoter coupled to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a non-Bordetella leader sequence for secretion of a gene product. The secreted gene product may be a Bordetella gene product or a non-Bordetella gene product.

The Bordetella promoter component of the nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this further aspect of the invention may be any of the Bordetella promoters, preferably the tox, prn or fha promoter of a Bordetella strain, preferably B. pertussis.

The non-Bordetella leader sequence component of the nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this further aspect of the invention may be any of the leader sequences mediating secretion of a gene product, including bacterial (prokaryotic) leader sequences (such as E. coli leader sequences including rlpB, pal ompA, pilin gene leader sequences and H. influenzae leader sequences including the transferrin receptor protein leader sequence), eukaryotic leader sequences (including mammalian) and viral leader sequences. Some appropriate leader sequences for use in aspects of the present invention are described in reference 25. In an illustrative example of this further aspect of the invention, the non-Bordetella leader sequence may be that for the cholera toxin B subunit.

A recombinant strain of Bordetella, such as a B. pertussis strain, a B. parapertussis strain, B. bronchiseptica strain or a B. avium strain, preferably a B. pertussis strain, may contain the nucleic acid molecule provided in accordance with this further aspect of the invention and secrete the gene product. Such recombinant strain of Bordetella may be cultured under a range of appropriate conditions to secrete the gene product.

In an additional aspect of the invention, the heterologous gene may be provided with optimized codons for Bordetella expression. One example of such heterologous gene has the nucleic acid sequence of FIG. 1, which encodes the B subunit of cholera toxin and constitutes an embodiment of this additional aspect of the invention.

The present invention, therefore, provides an expression system for expressing gene products from recombinant Bordetella strains and specific nucleic acid molecules useful in transforming Bordetella strains for such expression. The expressed gene products have a variety of uses, depending on the form and nature of the product produced, as will be evident to a person skilled in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be further understood from the following detailed description and examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows the sequence of a synthetic cholera toxin B subunit gene (SEQ ID NO: 1) and its derived amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2), based upon strain 569B of V. cholerae;

FIG. 2 shows the construction scheme for plasmid DS-546-1 which contains the toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 3 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 3 to 16) used for the construction of plasmid DS-546-1;

FIG. 4 shows the construction scheme for plasmid JB-898-2-1 which contains the fhap/CTB-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 5 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 17 to 20) used to construct plasmid JB-898-2-1;

FIG. 6 shows the construction scheme for plasmid DS-729-1-1 which contains the toxp/S1-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 7 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 21 to 30) used to construct plasmid DS-729-1-1;

FIG. 8 shows the construction scheme for plasmid DS-729-2-1 which contains the toxp/PRN-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 9 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 31 to 40) used to construct plasmid DS-729-2-1;

FIG. 10 shows the construction scheme for plasmid JB-1201-4 which contains the fhap/S1-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 11 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 41 to 48) used to construct plasmid JB-1201-4;

FIG. 12 shows the construction scheme for plasmid JB-1141-5 which contains the fhap/PRN-L/ctb gene;

FIG. 13 shows the sequences of oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NOS: 49 to 56) used to construct plasmid JB-1141-5;

FIG. 14 shows the chromosomal maps of the genes at the fha and tox loci and the corresponding Southern blot showing the correct chromosomal integration. Chromosomal DNA was digested with Bgl II and hybridized with the approximately 300 bp ctb probe indicated in the figure. Lane 1, strain 694-46 (fhap/PRN-L/ctb); lane 2, strain 694-54 (fhap/S1-L/ctb); lane 3, strain 694-12 (toxp/PRN-L/ctb); lane 4, strain 694-4 (toxp/S1-L/ctb); lane 5, strain 10536 (wild-type B. pertussis); and

FIG. 15 shows the SDS PAGE and corresponding Western blot of recombinant B. pertussis strain 694-46 which expresses CTB. Lane 1, acetone precipitated supernatant from strain 694-46 (fhap/PRN-L/ctb), boiled in SDS; lane 2, acetone precipitated supernatant from strain 694-46, unboiled; lane 3, cell pellet from strain 694-46, boiled in SDS; lane 4, cell pellet from strain 694-46, unboiled; lane 5, acetone precipitated supernatant from strain 10536 (wild-type B. pertussis); lane 6, cell pellet from strain 10536; lane 7, purified cholera toxin (Sigma), boiled in SDS; lane 8, purified cholera toxin, unboiled.

In some of the above figures, the following abbreviations are used:

toxp is the B. pertussis tox promoter fhap is the B. pertussis fha promoter ctb is the synthetic cholera toxin B gene (SEQ ID NO: 1) CTB-L is the sequence encoding the cholera toxin B subunit leader sequence S1-L is the sequence encoding the pertussis toxin subunit S1 leader sequence PRN-L is the sequence encoding the pertussis pertactin leader sequence Restriction enzyme recognition sites are B, BamH I; Bg, Bgl II; H, Hind III; K, Kpn I; R, EcoR I; S, Sac I; and Hf, HinfI CAP is calf alkaline phosphatase

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Bordetella pertussis 10536 is the vaccine production strain of the assignee hereof and it has been used as the initial strain for all the work detailed by the inventors herein. The genes for B. pertussis PT, FHA and pertactin and V. cholerae CT have been cloned and sequenced (Refs. 15 to 19) and the promoter regions and transcriptional starts of the structural genes have been determined.

The inventors have generated hybrid genes by substituting the B. pertussis native structural genes encoding a leader sequence and/or mature protein by gene segments encoding native, autologous, or heterologous leader peptides and a mature foreign protein. This was accomplished by fusing the promoters with the gene segment encoding the leader peptide at the ATG start codon, followed by the structural gene for the mature foreign protein joined at the natural cleavage site of the signal sequence. Such fusions result in a native promoter, a native, autologous, or heterologous leader peptide, and a heterologous structural gene. The resultant hybrid genes then have been integrated by homologous recombination into the chromosome of B. pertussis at the loci corresponding to the gene from which the promoters were derived.

As examples of the use of hybrid genes expressing foreign proteins, genes have been created containing a tox promoter with the cholera toxin B leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence; a tox promoter with the pertussis toxin subunit S1 leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence; a tox promoter with the pertactin leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence; an fha promoter with the cholera toxin B leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence; an fha promoter with the pertussis toxin subunit S1 leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence; and an fha promoter with the pertactin leader peptide and mature cholera toxin B sequence. A number of B. pertussis strains have been generated to demonstrate the success of this strategy.

The efficiency of expression of the foreign CTB protein is dependent upon both the promoter and the leader peptide which precede the structural ctb gene. The use of the fha promoter in the hybrid genes results in a higher level of expression of the foreign protein than when the tox promoter is used. This phenomenon was also observed when hybrid genes were used to express autologous proteins from B. pertussis (ref. 4). For the leader peptides, expression levels varied as follows: pertactin>PT subunit S1>cholera toxin B. The best combination of promoter and leader peptide in the hybrid genes expressing foreign proteins was the fha promoter with the pertactin leader peptide.

The CTB expressed by the recombinant B. pertussis strains is produced and is a pentamer as demonstrated by SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis of unboiled (pentameric) and boiled (monomeric) samples. The CTB binds to GM1 as demonstrated by ELISA. Thus, a complex foreign protein which has authentic structure and binding functions can be secreted by the recombinant Bordetella strains of the invention.

It has been clearly demonstrated that the structural gene of a foreign protein may be fused to a B. pertussis promoter through a gene fragment encoding a native, autologous, or heterologous leader peptide to express foreign proteins.

BIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS

B. pertussis strain 694-46 which contains the fhap/PRN-L/ctb hybrid gene at the fha locus has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) located at Rockville, Md., USA, pursuant to the Budapeast Treaty and prior to the filing of this application. The ATCC access number is 55,654.

Samples of the deposited strain will become available to the public upon the grant of a patent based on this United States patent application. The invention described and claimed herein is not limited in scope by the strain deposited, since the deposited embodiment is intended only as an illustration of the invention. Any equivalent or similar strains to that deposited are within the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

The above disclosure generally describes the present invention. A more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to the following specific Examples. These Examples are described solely for the purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes in form and substitution of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient. Although specific terms have been employed herein, such terms are intended in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitations.

Methods of molecular genetics, protein biochemistry, and immunology used but not explicitly described in this disclosure and these Examples are amply within the ability of those skilled in the art.

Example 1

This Example illustrates the construction of a synthetic gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit.

A gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit was synthesized from a number of oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were synthesized on an ABI model 380B DNA synthesizer and purified by gel electrophoresis. Nucleotide sequences were confirmed by automated DNA sequencing on the ABI model 370A DNA sequencer using dye terminator chemistry. For construction of the synthetic gene encoding cholera toxin subunit, codons preferred by B. pertussis were selected. The nucleotide sequence of the hybrid gene is shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1).

Example 2

This Example illustrates the construction of plasmid DS-546-1 containing the toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene.

Oligonucleotides 2769.SL (SEQ ID NO: 3), 2770.SL (SEQ ID NO: 4), 2771.SL (SEQ ID NO: 5), 2780.SL (SEQ ID NO: 14), 2781.SL (SEQ ID NO: 15) and 2782.SL (SEQ ID NO: 16) (FIG. 3) contain part of the tox promoter, encode the cholera toxin B leader peptide, and contain .about.70 bp of the 5'-end of the ctb gene encoding the mature cholera toxin B subunit protein. Plasmid S-3616-2 is an 8.6 kb pBR322-based plasmid containing 2.5 kb of the 5'- and 1.3 kb of the 3'-flanking regions for the fha structural gene between Bgl II and Kpn I sites (FIG. 2). Oligonucleotides 2769.SL, 2770.SL, 2771.SL, 2780.SL, 2781.SL, and 2782.SL were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the 4.8 kb vector fragment of S-3616-2 which had been digested with Bgl II and Kpn I to form plasmid JB-867-1-1, which contains a toxp/CTB-L/5'ctb gene insert on a .about.220 bp Kpn I/Bgl II fragment.

Oligonucleotides 2772.SL to 2779.SL (SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 13) (see FIG. 3) encode the remaining .about.250 bp of the ctb gene. They were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the 6.1 kb vector fragment from plasmid S-3616-2, which had been digested with Bgl II and EcoR I, to generate plasmid DS-525-1-1.

The Kpn I/Bgl II fragment from plasmid JB-867-1-1 and the Bgl II/EcoR I fragment of plasmid DS-525-1-1 were ligated into pUC18, which had been digested with Kpn I and EcoR I, to generate plasmid DS-534-1 which thus contains the entire toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene.

Plasmid S-3484-3-27 is a 14.2 kb pUC-based plasmid containing a mutant tox gene between the 5'- and 3'-tox flanking regions. Digestion with Kpn I and BamH I excised .about.4.7 kb of the tox structural gene. The .about.470 bp Kpn I/BamH I hybrid gene fragment from DS-534-1 was ligated into the Kpn I/BamH I vector fragment from S-3484-3-27 to generate plasmid DS-546-1 (FIG. 2) which contains the toxp/CTB-L/ctb hybrid gene between the tox flanking regions. This plasmid was used for insertion of the toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene into the tox locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 492-320.

Example 3

This Example describes the construction of plasmid JB-898-2-1 containing the fhap/CTB-L/ctb gene.

Plasmid S-3658-1 contains a .about.210 bp EcoR I/Hinf I fragment of the fha promoter (FIG. 4). Oligonucleotides 2821.SL to 2824.SL (SEQ ID NOS: 17 to 20) (see FIG. 5) encode the remaining 36 bp of the fha promoter and encode most of the cholera toxin B leader peptide. Oligonucleotides 2821.SL to 2824.SL were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the EcoR I/Hinf I fha promoter fragment from S-3658-1 into pUC18 which had been digested with EcoR I and Sac I. Plasmid JB-881-2 thus contains a portion of the fhap/CTB-L hybrid gene on a 290 bp EcoR I/Sac I fragment. Digestion of plasmid DS-534-1, which contains the complete toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene, with EcoR I and Sac I excised a .about.340 bp fragment of the ctb gene. Ligation of the EcoR I/Sac I fragments from DS-534-1 and JB-881-2 into S-3616-2, which had been digested with EcoR I and dephosphorylated, generated plasmid JB-898-2-1 (FIG. 4) which contains the entire fhap/CTB-L/ctb gene between the fha flanking regions. This plasmid was used to insert the fhap/CTB-L/ctb hybrid gene into the fha locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 492-363.

Example 4

This Example illustrates the construction of plasmid DS-729-1-1 which contains the toxp/S1-L/ctb hybrid gene.

Plasmid DS-534-1 contains the complete toxp/CTB-L/ctb gene on a .about.470 bp Kpn I/EcoR I fragment (FIG. 6). Oligonucleotides 2769.SL (SEQ ID NO: 21), 3220.SL (SEQ ID NO: 22), 3221.SL (SEQ ID NO: 23), 3222.SL (SEQ ID NO: 24), 3212.SL (SEQ ID NO: 25), 2782.SL (SEQ ID NO: 30), 3225.SL (SEQ ID NO: 29), 3224.SL (SEQ ID NO: 28), 3223.SL (SEQ ID NO: 27) and 3213.SL (SEQ ID NO: 26) (see FIG. 7) contain part of the tox promoter, encode the pertussis toxin subunit S1 leader peptide, and contain .about.70 bp of the 5'-end of ctb encoding the mature cholera toxin B subunit protein. The oligonucleotides were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the 3 kb Kpn I/Bgl II vector fragment from DS-534-1 (FIG. 6) to generate plasmid DS-700-2-1 which thus contains the complete toxp/S1-L/ctb gene on a .about.505 bp Kpn I/BamH I fragment. The Kpn I/BamH I tox structural gene was excised from plasmid S-3484-3-27 and the toxp/S1-L/ctb gene inserted, to generate plasmid DS-729-1-1 which contains the toxp/S1-L/ctb gene between the tox flanking regions (FIG. 6). This plasmid was used to insert the toxp/S1-L/ctb hybrid gene into the tox locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 694-4.

Example 5

This Example illustrates the construction of plasmid DS-729-2-1 which contains the toxp/PRN-L/ctb hybrid gene.

Oligonucleotides 2769.SL (SEQ ID NO: 31), 3210.SL (SEQ ID NO: 32), 3217.SL (SEQ ID NO: 33), 3211.SL (SEQ ID NO: 34), 3212.SL (SEQ ID NO: 35), 3213.SL (SEQ ID NO: 36), 3214.SL (SEQ ID NO: 37), 3215.SL (SEQ ID NO: 38), 3218.SL (SEQ ID NO: 39) and 2782.SL (SEQ ID NO: 40) (see FIG. 9) contain part of the tox promoter, encode the pertactin leader peptide, and contain .about.70 bp of the ctb gene encoding the mature cholera toxin B subunit protein. The oligonucleotides were kinased, annealed, and ligated into DS-534-1 (FIG. 8) which had been digested with KpnI and Bgl II to delete .about.220 bp of the 5'-end of the toxp/CTB-L/ctb hybrid gene (FIG. 5A). Plasmid DS-707-6 contains the complete toxp/PRN-L/ctb hybrid gene on a .about.505 bp Kpn I/BamH I fragment. S-3484-3-27 was digested with Kpn I and BamH I to excise the tox structural gene and the hybrid gene was inserted. The resulting plasmid DS-729-2-1 contains the toxp/PRN-L/ctb gene between the tox flanking regions (FIG. 8) and was used for insertion of the hybrid gene into the tox locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 694-12.

Example 6

This Example illustrates the construction of plasmid JB-1201-4 which contains the fhap/S1-L/ctb hybrid gene.

Plasmid S-3658-1 contains a .about.210 bp EcoR I/Hinf I fragment of the fha promoter (FIG. 10). Oligonucleotides 3226.SL (SEQ ID NO: 41), 3221.SL (SEQ ID NO: 42), 3222.SL (SEQ ID NO: 43), 3212.SL (SEQ ID NO: 44), 3213.SL (SEQ ID NO: 45), 3223.SL (SEQ ID NO: 46), 3224.SL (SEQ ID NO: 47) and 3227.SL (SEQ ID NO: 48) (FIG. 11) contain part of the fha promoter, encode the pertussis toxin subunit S1 leader peptide, and contain the first .about.70 bp of the ctb gene encoding the mature cholera toxin B subunit protein. Plasmid pUC8/BgXb is a pUC8 derived plasmid with extra restriction enzyme sites for Bgl II and Xba I in the multiple cloning site (FIG. 10). The oligonucleotides were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the EcoR I/Hinf I fha promoter fragment into pUC8 /BgXb which had been digested with EcoR I and Bgl II. Plasmid JB-1190-1 thus contains the fhap/S1-L/5'ctb hybrid gene on a .about.414 bp EcoR I/Bgl II fragment. Plasmid DS-534-1 was digested with Bgl II and EcoR I to excise the .about.250 bp 3'-ctb fragment, which was ligated with the EcoR I/Bgl II hybrid gene fragment into S-3616-2, which had been digested with EcoR I and dephosphorylated. The resulting plasmid JB-1201-4 thus contains the complete fhap/S1-L/ctb hybrid gene between the fha flanking regions, in a reverse orientation with respect to the flanking regions (FIG. 10). This plasmid was used to introduce the fhap/S1-L/ctb hybrid gene into the fha locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 694-54.

Example 7

This Example illustrates the construction of plasmid JB-1141-5 which contains the fhap/PRN-L/ctb hybrid gene.

Oligonucleotides 3216.SL (SEQ ID NO: 49), 3217.SL (SEQ ID NO: 50), 3211.SL (SEQ ID NO: 51), 3212.SL (SEQ ID NO: 52), 3213.SL (SEQ ID NO: 53), 3214.SL (SEQ ID NO: 54), 3215.SL (SEQ ID NO: 55) and 3219.SL (SEQ ID NO: 56) contain part of the fha promoter, encode the pertactin leader peptide, and contain the first .about.70 bp of the ctb gene encoding the mature cholera toxin B subunit protein (FIG. 13). The oligonucleotides were kinased, annealed, and ligated with the 210 bp EcoR/Hinf I fha promoter fragment from S-3658-1 (FIG. 12), into pUC8 /BgXb which had been digested with EcoR I and Bgl II. Plasmid JB-1076-1-2 contains the fhap/PRN-L/5'ctb hybrid gene on a .about.414 bp EcoR I/Bgl II fragment and was ligated with the remainder of the ctb gene, excised from DS-534-1 on a .about.250 bp Bgl II/EcoR I fragment, into the S-3616-2 vector which had been digested with EcoR I and dephosphorylated. The resulting plasmid JB-1141-5 (FIG. 12) thus contains the complete fhap/PRN-L/ctb gene between the fha flanking regions and was used to insert the hybrid gene into the fha locus of B. pertussis, generating strain 694-46.

Example 8

This Example illustrates the generation of recombinant B. pertussis strains.

B. pertussis strain 29-8 (ATCC 53,973) is a tox-deleted derivative of strain 10536 and is described in ref. 20. This strain was used as the host strain for genomic introduction of plasmids DS-546-1 (toxp/CTB-L/ctb), DS-729-1-1 (toxp/S1-L/ctb) and DS-729-2-1 (toxp/PRN-L/ctb). B. pertussis strain 590-508 is an fha- and tox-deleted derivative of strain 10536 and was used to genomically introduce plasmids JB-898-2-1 (fhap/CTB-L/ctb), JJB-1201-4 (fhap/S1-L/ctb), and JB-1141-5 (fhap/PRN-L/ctb). Plasmids were introduced into the B. pertussis strains by electroporation as described by Zealey et al. (ref. 5 and 20). A single cross-over event resulted in integration of the entire plasmid generating str.sup.S Ap.sup.R ctb.sup.+ strains. Selecting on streptomycin (100 .mu.g ml.sup.-1) resulted in a second homologous recombination event which deletes all plasmid sequences and generated strains 694-4, 694-12, 694-46, and 694-54 respectively. Strain 694-46 has been deposited with ATCC (ATCC 55,654). The second cross-over did not occur for strains 492-320 and 492-363, thus these strains include the entire plasmids DS-546-1 and JB-898-2-1 respectively.

The identification of the recombinant B. pertussis strains obtained and their derivations are summarized in Table 1 below.

Example 9

This Example illustrates a Southern blot analysis of recombinant B. pertussis strains to confirm the correct chromosomal location of the integrated genes.

Chromosomal DNA was isolated from B. pertussis strains 10536, 694-4, 694-12, 694-46, and 694-54, digested with restriction enzyme Bgl II, electrophoresed, and transferred to Gene Screen Plus (Dupont). The blot was hybridized with a .about.300 bp Bgl II/BamH I ctb-specific probe and the results are shown in FIG. 14. The appearance of a ctb-specific 1.5 kb Bgl II fragment confirmed the correct location of integration of the toxp/S1-L/ctb and toxp/PRN-L/ctb genes at the tox locus of B. pertussis strains 694-4 and 694-12 respectively. The appearance of a specific 11 kb Bgl II fragment confirmed the correct location of the fhap/S1-L/ctb and fhap/PRN-L/ctb hybrid genes at the fha locus in B. pertussis strains 694-54 and 694-46 respectively.

Example 10

This Example illustrates the growth of recombinant B. pertussis strains and expression of cholera toxin B subunit.

Recombinant B. pertussis strains were grown in modified Stainer-Scholte medium containing 0.2% heptakis(2,4-O-dimethyl).beta.-cyclodextrin (ref. 21) in 10 ml culture. 1 ml of culture was centrifuged at 12,000.times.g for 4 min and the resulting supernatant was analysed by ELISA, SDS PAGE, and/or Western blot. The cell pellets were resuspended in 1 ml of media and lysed by sonication at 25.mu. for 45 sec, on ice with a Soniprep model 150 sonicator. Then, the cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 12000.times.g for 4 min, and the supernatant removed and analysed by ELISA.

The level of expression of cholera toxin B subunit from various B. pertussis strains is shown in Table 2 below.

Example 11

This Example illustrates the ELISA assay used for the quantitation of cholera toxin B expression.

Nunc Maxisorp 96 well plates were coated with monosialoganglioside--GM1 (Sigma) and incubated overnight at room temperature. The plates were washed and blocked with PBS containing 0.1% BSA for 45 min at room temperature. Two-fold serial dilutions of samples were added and the plates incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Cholera toxin B (List Biologicals #103C), growth media, wild-type B. pertussis supernatant and cell pellets were used as standard and controls. CTB was detected using goat anti-choleragenoid (anti-CTB, List Biologicals #GAC-01C) as primary antibody and HRP-conjugated affinity purified rabbit anti-goat IgG as secondary antibody.

Example 12

This Example illustrates the analysis of the expressed recombinant proteins by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.

Culture supernatants were acetone-precipitated and resuspended in 0.1 volume of SDS lysis buffer. An equal volume of 2.times.Laemmli sample buffer was added and the samples were either resolved directly on a 17.5% SDS PAGE gel or boiled for 5 min, before being resolved to convert the CTB pentamer to the monomeric form. Cell pellets were resuspended in 0.1 volume of SDS lysis buffer, an equal volume of 2.times.Laemmli sample buffer added, and the samples treated as above.

For Western blot analysis, proteins were transferred onto Gene Screen Plus nylon membranes (Dupont) and probed with goat anti-choleragenoid IgG antibody (anti-CTB, List Biologicals #GAC-01C). Detection was performed with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG, using dig chemiluminescence (Boehringer Mannheim). A cholera toxin standard (Sigma) contained both CTA and CTB.

FIG. 9 shows the expression of CTB as a pentamer in culture supernatants of strain 694-46 (fhap/PRN-L/ctb). The identity of the cholera toxin is indicated by the correct molecular weight; specific-reactivity with anti-CTB antiserum and the conversion of the pentameric form of cholera toxin B subunit protein to the monomeric form by boiling.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

In summary of this disclosure, the present invention provides a novel gene product expression method having particular application to Bordetella species. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.

TABLE 1______________________________________Recombinant B. pertussis strains Strain Genotype Genetic Locus Plasmid Used______________________________________492-320 toxp/CTB-L/ctb tox DS-546-1 492-363 fhap/CTB-L/ctb fha JB-898-2-1 694-4 toxp/S1-L/ctb tox DS-729-1-1 694-12 toxp/PRN-L/ctb tox DS-729-2-1 694-54 fhap/S1-L/ctb fha JB-1201-4 694-46 fhap/PRN-L/ctb fha JB-1141-5______________________________________ TABLE 2______________________________________Cholera toxin B expression from recombinant B. pertussis strains CTB Production (ng/ml)Plasmid Strain promoter leader secreted internal______________________________________DS-546-1 492-320 tox CTB 2.7 0 DS-729-1-1 694-4 tox S1 1 .+-. 0.5 9.7 .+-. 12.9 DS-729-2-1 694-12 tox PRN 3.3 .+-. 7.3 44.9 .+-. 71.2 JB-898-2-1 492-363 fha CTB 5.4 9.0 JB-1201-4 694-54 fha S1 116.4 .+-. 41.3 59.7 .+-. 14.1 JB-1141-5 694-46 fha PRN 11,287 .+-. 5,509.8 .+-. 3,029.7 785.4______________________________________

REFERENCES

1. Johnson and Burns. 1994. J. Bacteriol. 176: 5350. 2. Locht et al. 1992. EMBO J. 11: 3175. 3. EP patent application 523 976. 4. EP patent application 453 216. 5. Zealey et al. 1992. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 208. 6. Burnette. 1994. Structure 2: 151. 7. Holmgren et al. 1993. Vaccine 11: 1179. 8. Wu and Russell. 1994. Vaccine 12: 215. 9. Dertzbough and Elson. 1993. Infect. Immun. 61: 384. 10. Cardenas and Clement. 1993. Vaccine 11: 126. 11. Airaksinen et al. 1991. Biotechnology Lett 13: 305. 12. Lebens et al. 1993. Bio/Technology 11: 1574. 13. Burnette et al. 1991. Infect. Immun. 59: 4266. 14. Klauser et al. 1990. EMBO J. 1991. 15. Nicosia et al. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 83: 4631. 16. Loosmore et al. 1989. Nucleic Acid. Res. 17: 8365. 17. Relman et al. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 86: 2637. 18. Charles et al. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 86: 3554. 19. Dams et al. 1991. Biochen. Biophys. Acta. 1090: 139. 20. Zealey et al. 1990. Bio/Technology 8: 1025. 21. Imaizumi et al. 1983. Infect. Immun. 41: 1138. 22. Nicosia et al. 1987. Infect. Immun. 55: 963. 23. Makoff et al. 1990. Bio/Technology 8: 1030. 24. Domenighimi et al. 1990. Molec. Microbiol. 4: 787. 25. Watson, M. 1984. Nucl. Acids. Res. 12: 5145. __________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING - - - - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: - - (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 56 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 312 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 1..309 - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1: - - ACC CCG CAG AAC ATC ACC GAC CTG TGC GCC GA - #A TAC CAC AAC ACCCAG 48 Thr Pro Gln Asn Ile Thr Asp Leu Cys Ala Gl - #u Tyr His Asn Thr Gln 1 5 - # 10 - # 15 - - ATC CAT ACC CTG AAC GAC AAG ATC TTC AGC TA - #C ACC GAA AGC CTG GCC 96 Ile His Thr Leu Asn Asp Lys Ile Phe Ser Ty - #r Thr Glu Ser Leu Ala 20 - # 25 - # 30 - - GGC AAG CGC GAA ATG GCC ATC ATC ACC TTC AA - #G AAC GGC GCC ACC TTC 144 Gly Lys Arg Glu Met Ala Ile Ile Thr Phe Ly - #s Asn Gly Ala Thr Phe 35 - # 40 - # 45 - - CAG GTC GAA GTC CCG GGC AGC CAG CAT ATC GA - #C AGC CAG AAG AAG GCC 192 Gln Val Glu Val Pro Gly Ser Gln His Ile As - #p Ser Gln Lys Lys Ala 50 - # 55 - # 60 - - ATC GAA CGC ATG AAG GAC ACC CTG CGC ATC GC - #C TAC CTG ACC GAA GCC 240 Ile Glu Arg Met Lys Asp Thr Leu Arg Ile Al - #a Tyr Leu Thr Glu Ala 65 - # 70 - # 75 - # 80 - - AAG GTC GAA AAG CTG TGC GTC TGG AAC AAC AA - #G ACC CCG CAT GCC ATC 288 Lys Val Glu Lys Leu Cys Val Trp Asn Asn Ly - #s Thr Pro His Ala Ile 85 - # 90 - # 95 - - GCC GCC ATC AGC ATG GCC AAC TAA - # - # 312 Ala Ala Ile Ser Met Ala Asn 100 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 103 amino - #acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: - - Thr Pro Gln Asn Ile Thr Asp Leu Cys Ala Gl - #u Tyr His Asn Thr Gln 1 5 - # 10 - # 15 - - Ile His Thr Leu Asn Asp Lys Ile Phe Ser Ty - #r Thr Glu Ser Leu Ala 20 - # 25 - # 30 - - Gly Lys Arg Glu Met Ala Ile Ile Thr Phe Ly - #s Asn Gly Ala Thr Phe 35 - # 40 - # 45 - - Gln Val Glu Val Pro Gly Ser Gln His Ile As - #p Ser Gln Lys Lys Ala 50 - # 55 - # 60 - - Ile Glu Arg Met Lys Asp Thr Leu Arg Ile Al - #a Tyr Leu Thr Glu Ala 65 - # 70 - # 75 - # 80 - - Lys Val Glu Lys Leu Cys Val Trp Asn Asn Ly - #s Thr Pro His Ala Ile 85 - # 90 - # 95 - - Ala Ala Ile Ser Met Ala Asn 100 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: - - CGGTCACCGT CCGGACCGTG CTGACCCCCC TGCCATGGTG TGATCCGTAA AA -#TAGGCACC 60 - - ATCAAAACGC AGAGG - # - # - # 75 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 68 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: - - GGAAGACGGG ATGATCAAGA TCAAGTTCGG CGTCTTCTTC ACCGTCCTGC TG -#AGCTCCGC 60 - - CTACGCCC - # - #- # 68 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 73 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5: - - ATGGCACCCC GCAGAACATC ACCGACCTGT GCGCCGAATA CCACAACACC CA -#GATCCATA 60 - - CCCTGAACGA CAA - # - # - # 73 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 63 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6: - - GATCTTCAGC TACACCGAAA GCCTGGCCGG CAAGCGCGAA ATGGCCATCA TC -#ACCTTCAA 60 - - GAA - # - # - # 63 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 57 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7: - - CGGCGCCACC TTCCAGGTCG AAGTCCCGGG CAGCCAGCAT ATCGACAGCC AG - #AAGAA 57 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 63 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: - - GGCCATCGAA CGCATGAAGG ACACCCTGCG CATCGCCTAC CTGACCGAAG CC -#AAGGTCGA 60 - - AAA - # - # - # 63 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 68 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9: - - GCTGTGCGTC TGGAACAACA AGACCCCGCA TGCCATCGCC GCCATCAGCA TG -#GCCAACTA 60 - - AGGATCCG - # - #- # 68 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 62 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10: - - AATTCGGATC CTTAGTTGGC CATGCTGATG GCGGCGATGG CATGCGGGGT CT -#TGTTGTTC 60 - - CA - # - # - # 62 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 65 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11: - - GACGCACAGC TTTTCGACCT TGGCTTCGGT CAGGTAGGCG ATGCGCAGGG TG -#TCCTTCAT 60 - - GCGTT - # - # -# 65 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 55 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12: - - CGATGGCCTT CTTCTGGCTG TCGATATGCT GGCTGCCCGG GACTTCGACC TG - #GAA 55 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 69 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13: - - GGTGGCGCCG TTCTTGAAGG TGATGATGGC CATTTCGCGC TTGCCGGCCA GG -#CTTTCGGT 60 - - GTAGCTGAA - # - #- # 69 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 87 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14: - - GATCTTGTCG TTCAGGGTAT GGATCTGGGT GTTGTGGTAT TCGGCGCACA GG -#TCGGTGAT 60 - - GTTCTGCGGG GTGCCATGGG CGTAGGC - # - # 87 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 66 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15: - - GGAGCTCAGC AGGACGGTGA AGAAGACGCC GAACTTGATC TTGATCATCC CG -#TCTTCCCC 60 - - TCTGCG - # - # -# 66 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 71 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16: - - TTTTGATGGT GCCTATTTTA CGGATCACAC CATGGCAGGG GGGTCAGCAC GG -#TCCGGACG 60 - - GTGACCGGTA C - # - # - # 71 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 46 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17: - - ATTCTGCCGA TTACTTCACT TCGCTGGTCG GAATATGATC AAGATC - # 46 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 34 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: - - AAGTTCGGCG TCTTCTTCAC CGTCCTGCTG AGCT - # -# 34 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 40 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: - - CAGCAGGACG GTGAAGAAGA CGCCGAACTT GATCTTGATC - # - # 40 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 33 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20: - - ATATTCCGAC CAGCGAAGTG AAGTAATCGG CAG - # - # 33 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: - - CGGTCACCGT CCGGACCGTG CTGACCCCCC TGCCATGGTG TGATCCGTAA AA -#TAGGCACC 60 - - ATCAAAACGC AGAGG - # - # - # 75 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22: - - GGAAGACGGG ATCGTTGC - # - # - # 18 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 51 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: - - ACTCGGGCAA TTCGCCAAAC CGCAAGAACA GGCTGGCTGA CGTGGCTGGC G - # 51 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 51 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24: - - ATTCTTGCCG TCACGGCGCC CGTGACTTCG CCGGCATGGG CCACCCCGCA G - # 51 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 59 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25: - - AACATCACCG ACCTGTGCGC CGAATACCAC AACACCCAGA TCCATACCCT GA -#ACGACAA 59 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 72 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26: - - GATCTTGTCG TTCAGGGTAT GGATCTGGGT GTTGTGGTAT TCGGCGCACA GG -#TCGGTGAT 60 - - GTTCTGCGGG GT - # - # - # 72 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 50 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27: - - GGCCCATGCC GGCGAAGTCA CGGGCGCCTG ACGGCAAGAA TCGCCAAGCC - # 50 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 52 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28: - - ACGTCAGCCA GCCTGTTCTT GCGGTTTGGC GAATTGCCCG AGTGCAACGC AT - # 52 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29: - - CCCGTCTTCC CCTCTGCG - # - # - # 18 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 71 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30: - - TTTTGATGGT GCCTATTTTA CGGATCACAC CATGGCAGGG GGGTCAGCAC GG -#TCCGGACG 60 - - GTGACCGGTA C - # - # - # 71 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: - - CGGTCACCGT CCGGACCGTG CTGACCCCCC TGCCATGGTG TGATCCGTAA AA -#TAGGCACC 60 - - ATCAAAACGC AGAGG - # - # - # 75 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 19 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32: - - GGAAGACGGG ATGAACATG - # - # - # 19 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 41 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33: - - TCTCTGTCAC GCATTGTCAA GGCGGCGCCC CTGCGCCGCA C - # - # 41 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:34: - - CACGCTGGCC ATGGCGCTGG GCGCGCTGGG CGCCGCCCCG GCGGCGCATG CC -#ACCCCGCA 60 - - G - # - # - # 61 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:35: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 59 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:35: - - AACATCACCG ACCTGTGCGC CGAATACCAC AACACCCAGA TCCATACCCT GA -#ACGACAA 59 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 72 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:36: - - GATCTTGTCG TTCAGGGTAT GGATCTGGGT GTTGTGGTAT TCGGCGCACA GG -#TCGGTGAT 60 - - GTTCTGCGGG GT - # - # - # 72 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:37: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:37: - - GGCATGCGCC GCCGGGGCGG CGCCCAGCGC GCCCAGCGCC ATGGCCAGCG TG -#GTGCGGCG 60 - - C - # - # - # 61 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:38: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 41 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:38: - - AGGGGCGCCG CCTTGACAAT GCGTGACAGA GACATGTTCA T - # - # 41 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:39: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:39: - - CCCGTCTTCC CCTCTGCG - # - # - # 18 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:40: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 71 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:40: - - TTTTGATGGT GCCTATTTTA CGGATCACAC CATGGCAGGG GGGTCAGCAC GG -#TCCGGACG 60 - - GTGACCGGTA C - # - # - # 71 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:41: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 42 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:41: - - ATTCTGCCGA TTACTTCACT TCGCTGGTCG GAATATGCTT GC - # - # 42 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:42: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 51 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:42: - - ACTCGGGCAA TTCGCCAAAC CGCAAGAACA GGCTGGCTGA CGTGGCTGGC G - # 51 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:43: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 51 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:43: - - ATTCTTGCCG TCACGGCGCC CGTGACTTCG CCGGCATGGG CCACCCCGCA G - # 51 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:44: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 59 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:44: - - AACATCACCG ACCTGTGCGC CGAATACCAC AACACCCAGA TCCATACCCT GA -#ACGACAA 59 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:45: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 72 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:45: - - GATCTTGTCG TTCAGGGTAT GGATCTGGGT GTTGTGGTAT TCGGCGCACA GG -#TCGGTGAT 60 - - GTTCTGCGGG GT - # - # - # 72 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:46: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 50 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:46: - - GGCCCATGCC GGCGAAGTCA CGGGCGCCGT GACGGCAAGA ATCGCCAGCC - # 50 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:47: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 52 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:47: - - ACGTCAGCCA GCCTGTTCTT GCGGTTTGGC GAATTGCCCG AGTGCAACGC AT - # 52 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:48: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 31 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:48: - - ATTCCGACCA GCGAAGTGAA GTAATCGGCA G - # - # 31 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:49: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 43 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:49: - - ATTCTGCCGA TTACTTCACT TCGCTGGTCG GAATATGAAC ATG - # - # 43 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:50: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 41 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:50: - - TCTCTGTCAC GCATTGTCAA GGCGGCGCCC CTGCGCCGCA C - # - # 41 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:51: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:51: - - CACGCTGGCC ATGGCGCTGG GCGCGCTGGG CGCCGCCCCG GCGGCGCATG CC -#ACCCCGCA 60 - - G - # - # - # 61 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:52: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 59 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:52: - - AACATCACCG ACCTGTGCGC CGAATACCAC AACACCCAGA TCCATACCCT GA -#ACGACAA 59 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:53: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 72 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:53: - - GATCTTGTCG TTCAGGGTAT GGATCTGGGT GTTGTGGTAT TCGGCGCACA GG -#TCGGTGAT 60 - - GTTCTGCGGG GT - # - # - # 72 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:54: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:54: - - GGCATGCGCC GCCGGGGCGG CGCCCAGCGC GCCCAGCGCC ATGGCCAGCG TG -#GTGCGGCG 60 - - C - # - # - # 61 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:55: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 41 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:55: - - AGGGGCGCCG CCTTGACAAT GCGTGACAGA GACATGTTCA T - # - # 41 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:56: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 31 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:56: - - ATTCCGACCA GCGAAGTGAA GTAATCGGCA G - # - # 31__________________________________________________________________________

Claims

1. A nucleic acid molecule, comprising a Bordetella promoter selected from the group consisting of the tox, prn and fha promoter operatively coupled to a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product, wherein the heterologous gene is transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter.

2. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 wherein the non-Bordetella gene product is selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, an antigen, an immunogen, an allergen, an enzyme inhibitor, a hormone, a lymphokine, an immunoglobulin or fragment thereof, a toxin, a toxin subunit, a mammalian protein, a structural protein and a receptor.

3. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 wherein the non-Bordetella gene product is a cholera toxin molecule.

4. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 3 wherein the cholera toxin molecule is the B subunit thereof.

5. A recombinant strain of Bordetella containing the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 and expressing said non-Bordetella gene product.

6. A nucleic acid molecule, comprising a Bordetella promoter selected from the group consisting of the tox, prn and fha promoter operatively coupled to a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product and a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product, wherein the heterologous gene is transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter.

7. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 6 wherein the leader sequence is a leader sequence of a Bordetella protein or subunit thereof or a fragment or analog of the Bordetella protein leader sequence retaining secretion-mediating properties.

8. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 7 wherein the leader sequence is selected from the group consisting of the Bordetella pertactin leader sequence and a pertussis toxin subunit leader sequence.

9. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 7 wherein the heterologous gene encodes a cholera toxin molecule.

10. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 9 wherein the cholera toxin molecule is the B subunit thereof.

11. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 6 wherein the leader sequence is a leader sequence of a non-Bordetella protein or subunit thereof or a fragment or analog of the non-Bordetella protein leader sequence retaining secretion-mediating properties.

12. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 11 wherein the non-Bordetella gene product is a secreted gene product and the non-Bordetella leader sequence is the native leader sequence of said secreted gene product.

13. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 12 wherein the secreted gene product is a cholera toxin molecule.

14. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 13 wherein the cholera toxin molecule is the B subunit thereof.

15. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 6 wherein said Bordetella promoter is the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis and the leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product is the leader sequence of the PRN protein.

16. A nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of toxp/CTB-L/ctb, fhap/CTB-L/ctb, toxp/S1-L/ctb, toxp/PRN-L/ctb, fhap/S1-L/ctb and fhap/PRN-L/ctb wherein:

toxp is the tox promoter of Bordetella pertussis,

fhap is the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis,

CTB-L is a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for cholera toxin subunit,

S1-L is a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for Bordetella pertussis toxin S1 subunit,

PRN-L is a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for pertactin, and

ctb is a heterologous gene encoding a cholera toxin B-subunit.

17. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 16 which is fhap/PRN-L/ctb.

18. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a Bordetella promoter coupled to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a non-Bordetella leader sequence for secretion of a gene product, operatively coupled to acid leader sequence.

19. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 18 wherein the non-Bordetella leader sequence is selected from bacterial leader sequences, eukaryotic leader sequences and viral leader sequences.

20. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 19 wherein the non-Bordetella leader sequence is the leader sequence for the cholera toxin B subunit.

21. A recombinant strain of Bordetella containing the nucleic acid molecule of claim 18 and secreting said gene product.

22. A method of expression of a gene product, which comprises culturing a recombinant strain of claim 21, and isolating the expressed gene product.

23. A nucleic acid molecule comprising:

a first DNA sequence corresponding to a 5' flanking sequence of a selected Bordetella gene and disposed at the 5' end of the nucleic acid molecule,

a Bordetella promoter selected from the group consisting of the tox, prn and fha promoter operatively coupled to a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product,

a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product, the heterologous gene being transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter, and

a second DNA sequence corresponding to a 3' flanking sequence of the selected Bordetella gene and disposed at the 3' end of the nucleic acid molecule,

said first and second DNA sequences permitting specific integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the Bordetella genome at a locus corresponding to the selected Bordetella gene.

24. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 23 wherein said Bordetella promoter is the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis and the leader sequence for secretion of the non-Bordetella gene product is the leader sequence of the PRN protein.

25. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 24 wherein said first and second DNA sequences correspond respectively to 5' and 3' flanking sequences of the fha gene of Bordetella pertussis to permit specific utilization of the nucleic acid molecule into the presence of Bordetella pertussis at the locus corresponding to the fha gene.

26. A plasmid adapted for transformation of a Bordetella strain comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 23.

27. A plasmid adapted for transformation of a Bordetella strain comprising the nucleic acid of claim 25.

28. A recombinant strain of Bordetella having a nucleic acid molecule integrated into the genome thereof at the locus of a selected Bordetella gene selected from the group consisting of the tox operon, prn gene and fha gene, said nucleic acid molecule comprising a 5' flanking sequence of said selected Bordetella gene, a Bordetella promoter selected from the group consisting of the tox, prm and fha promoters operatively coupled to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a leader sequence for secretion of a non-Bordetella gene product; a heterologous gene encoding a non-Bordetella gene product, wherein a heterologous gene is transcriptionally regulated by the Bordetella promoter, and a 3' flanking sequence of said selected Bordetella gene, said recombinant strain secreting said non-Bordetella gene product.

29. The strain of claim 28 wherein the Bordetella strain is a selected from the group consisting of a B. pertussis strain, a B. parapertussis strain, a B. bronchiseptica strain and a B. avium strain.

30. The strain of claim 29 wherein the Bordetella strain is a strain of B. pertussis.

31. A method of expression of a non-Bordetella gene product, which comprises culturing a recombinant strain of claim 28, and isolating the expressed non-Bordetella gene product.