Patent Grant
9333917
The present invention relates generally to reflective element assemblies for rearview mirrors of vehicles and, more particularly, to electro-optic or electrochromic reflective element assemblies with a wide angle auxiliary mirror reflector or spotter mirror for vehicular exterior rearview mirror assemblies and a method for manufacturing such exterior electro-optic or electrochromic reflective element assemblies.
Automotive electrochromic mirror reflective element cell assemblies typically include a front substrate and a rear substrate and an electrochromic medium sandwiched therebetween and contained within an interpane cavity. The substrates are shaped as desired by the automobile manufacturer for a particular mirror design or application. Reflective element assemblies for exterior rearview mirror assemblies may include an auxiliary wide angle or spotter mirror portion, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 6,717,712; 7,126,456; 6,315,419; 7,097,312; 6,522,451; 6,315,419; 5,080,492; 5,050,977; and/or 5,033,835, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, and optionally may have an integrally formed auxiliary mirror reflector, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,021,005; 7,934,844; 7,887,204; 7,824,045; and 7,748,856, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
During manufacture and assembly of an electrochromic reflective element cell, the desired shape of the respective front and rear substrates are typically scribed (using the likes of a diamond tipped scriber or the like) onto a larger flat or curved glass sheet or lite. Often, multiple shapes are scribed into a single large glass sheet, and, after the shapes have been scribed, individual cut shapes/substrates are broken out from the scribed glass sheet or lite in a known manner. Since breaking out of a shape is most efficient or effective where the breakout line does not have sharp or convoluted turns or radii, it is desirable that the front and rear cut shapes or substrates to be used in an electrochromic mirror cell not have sharp or convoluted corners or radii, and that they generally each be of comparable or similar size, shape and dimension. After breakout, the individual front and rear cut shapes or substrates are cleaned and coated with a conductive or semiconductive coating or coatings that are reflective or transparent.
After the substrates are coated, an uncured adhesive material, typically an uncured epoxy material (often containing spacer beads, such as glass beads or the like), is precision dispensed around the perimeter of one of the cut shapes or substrates, and the other cut shape or substrate is superimposed thereupon and spaced apart from the first cut shape by the dispensed perimeter material. The uncured adhesive material (i.e., the uncured seal) is then cured, such as by heating, to form a cured seal that adheres the shapes or substrates together and that spaces the substrates apart a desired or appropriate or selected amount to define and establish an appropriate interpane cavity spacing. The substrates, when so adhered together and interspaced apart by the cured seal, form an empty cell with an interpane cavity between the substrates and bounded by the perimeter cured seal. Next, an electrochromic medium, such as an electrochemichromic fluid or an electrochromic monomer composition, is filled into the cavity via an aperture (commonly known as a fill port or plug hole) provided in the cured perimeter seal during its dispensing. Filling is typically via a vacuum fill process (such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,455, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and the fill port is plugged or sealed with a suitable plug material to complete the isolation of the electrochromic medium established in the interpane cavity of the reflective element or cell to protect against infiltration by outside air and against contamination by the likes of outside water or debris or the like.
The present invention provides a method of making automotive electrochromic reflective element cell for automotive exterior rearview mirror assemblies with auxiliary wide angle reflectors by providing a means for sealing the interpane cavity and providing a seal partially or substantially around an auxiliary wide angle reflector portion of the exterior reflective element cell in a manner that is conducive with and is suitable for vacuum backfilling of the interpane cavity during manufacture of the electrochromic reflective element. The seal partially around the auxiliary wide angle reflector portion further serves to at least partially and preferably substantially adjoin the respective substrates together at the auxiliary wide angle reflector portion and at least partially provides a barrier to ingress thereat of the likes of water and debris and the like, while still providing a potential drain path to allow for draining from the spotter portion cavity of water that may accumulate thereat during normal use of the electrochromic reflective element in an exterior sideview mirror assembly on a vehicle. The formed electrochromic mirror cells are shaped for utilization in a complete automotive electrochromic rearview mirror assembly, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,748,856; 6,595,649; 6,648,477; 6,154,306; 5,610,756; 5,406,414; and/or 5,253,109, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a variable reflectance vehicular electro-optic rearview mirror reflective element includes providing a front substrate having a first surface that generally faces a driver of a vehicle equipped with a mirror assembly that incorporates the rearview mirror reflective element assembly. The front substrate has a second surface opposite the first surface and the second surface of the front substrate has a transparent electrically conductive coating disposed thereat. A curved recess is established at the second surface of the front substrate, and a reflector coating is established at the recess to provide an integral auxiliary wide angle reflector integrally formed with the front substrate. A rear substrate is provided that has a third surface and a fourth surface, with the third surface having a conductive coating disposed thereat (and optionally having a conductive metallic reflective coating disposed at the third surface). An uncured seal material or bead is dispensed at a perimeter edge region of one of the front and rear substrates. The uncured seal is dispensed partially around the recess at the second surface of the front substrate and traverses the recess area, whereby, when the substrates are joined together by the perimeter seal, the seal is cured and establishes the interpane cavity around the principal reflecting area or portion of the reflective element, with the wide angle reflector portion being outside of the sealed interpane cavity, and with the seal also substantially surrounding the wide angle reflector portion of the reflective element with a vent port established at an outboard perimeter region of the wide angle reflector portion. The seal is disposed around the perimeter of the principal reflecting region and has a gap between terminal ends of the perimeter seal, such as at a location remote from the vent port at the auxiliary wide angle reflector portion. The front and rear substrates are mated together, whereby the seal is cured and the cured seal joins the substrates and spaces the front and rear substrates apart and forms an interpane cavity therebetween. The gap between the terminal ends of the seal provides or establishes a fill port (typically having a width dimension of about 1-2 mm or thereabouts) for the electrochromic mirror cell of the mirror reflective element when the front and rear substrates are mated together. The interpane cavity is filled with an electro-optic medium that flows into the interpane cavity through the fill port. The fill port is plugged to substantially seal the electro-optic medium in the interpane cavity. Optionally, the third surface of the rear substrate may be masked in the area that will be behind the auxiliary wide angle reflector during the reflective coating deposition process so that the spotter area of the third surface is substantially devoid of the reflective coating to allow visual or instrument checking of the seal width and placement to ensure adequate bond throughout the component life.
Therefore, the present invention provides a seal and method of establishing a seal for an exterior reflective element with an integral auxiliary wide angle reflector, with the seal establishing an interpane cavity at the principal reflecting portion or region of the reflective element (with an electrochromic medium established in the interpane cavity), and with the seal partially circumscribing the auxiliary wide angle reflector portion and providing a vent port or means to preclude pressurization and seal blowout at the wide angle reflector portion during the vacuum filling process that establishes the electrochromic medium in the interpane cavity at the principal reflecting portion or region of the reflective element. The seal comprises a unitary seal that is established via a single continuous dispensing process, such as via a computerized dispenser or CNC controlled dispenser and/or robotic device or the like.
The present invention thus provides an integral spotter mirror established such as via grinding or ablating at the second surface of the front substrate of a laminate (i.e., a sandwich type) electrochromic reflective mirror element, and facilitates use of front and rear substrates that are of substantially the same shape, dimension and profile, and does so in a manner that obviates the likes of segregation or banding (as known in the electrochromic mirror arts) of electrochromic species such as may occur during prolonged dimming or coloring of the electrochromic medium (over, for example, several minutes) during usage on the likes of an electrochromic rearview mirror element in an exterior sideview mirror assembly on a vehicle. The present invention facilitates improved production yield and the like due to obviating any convoluted or sharp or low radius scribe/breakout profiles when cutting the rear substrate to be used. The present invention also enables use of the likes of a single heater pad without need to have binary or otherwise complicated approaches.
These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the following specification in conjunction with the drawings.
Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depicted therein, an exterior rearview mirror assembly 10 for a vehicle includes a mirror reflective element assembly 12 received in and/or supported by a mirror shell or casing 14 (
The mirror reflective element 12 comprises an electro-optic reflective element, such as an electrochromic reflective element or the like, having a front substrate 22, a rear substrate 24 and an electro-optic medium 26 (such as a solid polymer matrix electrochromic medium or the like) sandwiched therebetween and sealed via a seal material or seal or perimeter seal 28. The seal 28 (such as an epoxy seal material or the like) is disposed between the substrates to establish the interpane cavity for the electrochromic medium and to adhere the substrates together. As can be seen with reference to
As shown in
As also shown in
Thus, and as can be seen with reference to
The transparent conductive coating 30 at the rear or second surface 22a of front substrate 22 may comprise one or more transparent electrically conductive layers or coatings disposed or coated thereat (such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, or a doped indium tin oxide layer or any other transparent electrically semi-conductive layer or coating or the like, such as indium cerium oxide (ICO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), or indium oxide (IO) layers or the like, or a zinc oxide layer or coating, or a zinc oxide coating or the like doped with aluminum or other metallic materials, such as silver or gold or the like, or other oxides doped with a suitable metallic material or the like, or such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,274,501, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
The front or third surface 24a of the rear substrate 24 may include one or more transparent semi-conductive layers (such as an ITO layer or the like), and/or one or more metallic electrically conductive layers (such as a layer of silver, aluminum, chromium or the like or an alloy thereof), and may include multiple layers such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,274,501; 7,184,190 and/or 7,255,451, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The reflective element assembly 10 thus may comprise a third surface reflector coated reflective element or transflective reflective element, whereby the reflective layer or surface is disposed at the third surface of the cell or at the front surface of the rear reflective element substrate for viewing by a driver of the vehicle. The coated third surface 24a may also be coated to define a tab-out region (such as by utilizing aspects of the mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,274,501; 7,184,190 and/or 7,255,451, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties) for providing electrical connection of the conductive layers to an electrical clip of connector or bus-bar, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,066,112 and 6,449,082, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Optionally, during the third surface reflective coating deposition process, the third surface of the rear substrate may be masked in the area that will be behind the auxiliary wide angle reflector when the mirror reflective element is assembled (and when the front and rear substrates are mated together). Thus, the area of the third surface at the wide angle reflector of the mirror reflective element is substantially devoid of the reflective coating. This allows for visual or instrument checking of the seal width and placement to ensure adequate bond during and after assembly of the mirror reflective element and throughout the component life.
Optionally, the reflective element 12 may include a metallic perimeter band 40 (
Optionally, the perimeter band or bands may comprise a chrome/chromium coating or metallic coating and may comprise a chrome/chromium or metallic coating that has a reduced reflectance, such as by using an oxidized chrome coating or chromium oxide coating or “black chrome” coating or the like (such as by utilizing aspects of the mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,184,190 and/or U.S. Pat. No. 7,255,451, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties). Optionally, the mirror reflective element may comprise a frameless reflective element (such as a frameless exterior mirror assembly or a frameless interior mirror assembly), such as by utilizing aspects of the reflective elements described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,626,749; 7,360,932; 7,289,037; 7,255,451; 7,274,501; and/or 7,184,190, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2010/32017, filed Apr. 22, 2010, and/or PCT Application No. PCT/US2010/51741, filed Oct. 7, 2010, and/or U.S. patent applications, Ser. No. 11/226,628, filed Sep. 14, 2005 and published Mar. 23, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0061008; and/or Ser. No. 10/538,724, filed Jun. 13, 2005 and published Mar. 9, 2006 as U.S. Publication No. US-2006-0050018, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
As is known in the art, the seal material 28 is established around the periphery of one of the substrates 22, 24, such as around the periphery of the front or third surface 24a of the rear substrate 24, and substantially circumscribes the substrate surface (such as the front surface 24a of the rear substrate 24) around the EC-active area. The seal 28 may be dispensed in uncured seal form with spacing elements (such as glass beads or the like) that establish and maintain the desired or appropriate gap between the substrates 22, 24 when the substrates are mated together by the cured seal (cured typically by heating in an oven) so that the interpane cavity A has a generally or substantially uniform thickness or gap across the mirror reflective element assembly or cell 12. The uncured seal 28 and spacing elements are disposed or dispensed around the substrate surface and the uncured seal, when dispensed around the substrate surface, has a gap 29 between opposed terminal ends of the perimeter seal to establish the fill port for filling the interpane cavity A with the electrochromic medium (such as via a vacuum fill process or the like).
In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective element 12 includes the integral spotter or recess 36 and spotter reflector coating 38 at an inner or rearward surface of the front substrate. The recess may have a depth of up to about 1.1 mm (relative to the second surface of the front substrate) or thereabouts ground or ablated into an about 2 mm or about 2.2 mm thick piece of glass (or other dimensions such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,021,005; 7,934,844; 7,887,204; 7,824,045; and 7,748,856, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties). It is undesirable to have the electrochromic medium disposed at the spotter area (with the recess at the rear surface of the front substrate and thus the thicker cavity dimension at the spotter area) because of concerns with segregation or banding or otherwise potentially deleterious effects that may occur at an EC-active spotter mirror portion under prolonged electrochromic dimming or coloring of the electrochromic medium at the spotter cavity.
If a perimeter seal were dispensed around the perimeter of the principal reflecting area and around the inboard portion of the spotter recess (and not around the outboard portion of the spotter recess), then the substrates would be spaced apart with a gap and air therebetween at the spotter area (outside of filled and sealed interpane cavity). Such a configuration could allow for water or the like to enter the gap at the spotter area where the water could fill the gap and/or freeze and cause problems with the reflective element, such as cracking of one or both of the substrates. Optionally, the reflective element manufacturer could fill the open area at the spotter portion with a filler material, such as a silicone or the like, such as via a syringe or the like inserted into the gap at the spotter portion. However, such a filling process adds a separate process to the manufacturing process and thus adds cost and complexity to the mirror reflective element manufacturing process.
In order to avoid having an open and unsupported air gap in the formed electrochromic mirror element between the glass substrates at the spotter region, the uncured seal may be dispensed around the EC active area and an entirely different uncured seal may be dispensed around the spotter recess to establish a sealed spotter cavity that is not filled with the electrochromic medium during the cavity filling process. However, such a configuration results in the reflective element having a sealed spotter cavity filled with air. When such a mirror reflective element is exposed to the vacuum (i.e. reduced pressure) during the vacuum fill process (and during the process of mating the two substrates together), the air pressure inside the sealed spotter cavity is not vacuumed or reduced (and thus remains at atmospheric pressure) and thus is at a much higher pressure than the vacuum or reduced pressure surrounding the reflective element and within the interpane cavity at the principal reflecting area during the vacuum filling process. Thus, there is an outward pressure against the seal around the spotter cavity that is exerted against the seal from inside the spotter cavity, which may cause seal blowout or may otherwise damage the seal at the interpane cavity during the filling process.
The present invention avoids such potential problems by providing a seal dispensed around the EC-active area to define the interpane cavity A for receiving the EC medium therein, with a portion of the continuously dispensed uncured seal dispensed partially around the spotter recess and providing a vent port of the spotter cavity B at the spotter recess area and a fill port for the interpane cavity, all via a continuous dispensing of the uncured seal material via a computerized device, such as a CNC controlled dispenser or syringe or the like. The uncured seal thus is dispensed from a fill port location and around a portion of the perimeter of the reflective element and around the spotter recess, and then is dispensed across the spotter recess, and then around and along an inboard portion of the spotter recess and then around the remainder of the perimeter of the interpane cavity, terminating a small distance from the start point to establish or define or form the fill port for the mirror reflective element. The seal thus cuts across or traverses the recess area or region and is dispensed in its uncured form so that a vent port is provided or established at an outboard region of the spotter recess of the completed reflective element to vent the air within the spotter cavity B to limit or substantially preclude concerns with seal blowout during the vacuum fill process. The portion of the seal that traverses the recess area does not seal to both glass substrates across the recess area because the seal is dispensed at a smaller height dimension than the combination of the cell gap and recess depth (as can be seen at 28f in
At the location where the seal crosses or hits itself, the seal may be wider than at other locations around the reflective element, but this is an area where the hiding layers 40, 41 provide a wider band (such as shown in
For example, and with reference to
After the continuous bead of the uncured seal 28 has been dispensed such as described above, the front substrate is mated with the rear substrate and the seal is compressed slightly until the spacer beads establish the desired or appropriate or selected gap dimension between the substrates. The compression of the seal material during the mating of the substrates together ensures that the seal at seal portions or locations 28c, 28g contact and seal against one another so that the EC-active area or principal reflecting area 18 has a continuous sealed perimeter that can be vacuum filled with the electrochromic medium through the fill port 29. The spotter cavity B at the curved recess area is not sealed because (a) the seal portion 28f does not seal against both substrates (as shown in
Optionally, and with reference to
Thus, the seal 28′ crosses over itself at an upper inboard region of the spotter portion, but the additional seal material at this area, when compressed to the substrate gap dimension when the substrates are mated together, will not be noticeable or discernible to a person viewing the finished reflective element assembly because it is located at a thicker portion or area 40a′ of the hiding layer or perimeter border bands 40′, 41′ and is thus hidden from view or rendered covert by the hiding layer. Likewise, and as shown in
Thus, the present invention provides a method of making or forming a reflective element with an integral wide angle spotter mirror reflector for an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle. The method includes dispensing a continuous seal around and defining or bounding sealed interpane cavity for receiving an electrochromic medium and an unsealed or vented cavity at an integral wide angle spotter portion of the reflective element. The unsealed or vented spotter cavity allows manufacture of such a reflective element without an electrochromic medium disposed at the spotter portion, while limiting or substantially precluding seal blowout of the seal at or around the spotter portion during the vacuum mating process typically used to draw the substrates together and compress the seal to mate the substrates and during the vacuum filling process typically used to fill the interpane cavity at the EC-active area with an electrochromic medium. The present invention provides these advantages while facilitating dispensing of the seal around the EC-active region and substantially around the spotter portion via a continuous seal or bead, which may be continuously dispensed via a computer controlled or CNC controlled dispensing device. The dispense path for dispensing the uncured seal bead is started on a surface and in a manner that spaces apart the beginning and tail end of the dispense path in order to regulate the fill port gap accurately. Because it would be difficult and not practical to do this at the vent port area, the continuous dispensing path described above enhances and optimizes the dispensing of the seal and the finished reflective element assembly.
Optionally, a heater pad 42 (
The heater pad or element at the rear surface of the glass substrate may comprise a mirror defrost/demisting heater such as a heater pad or a heater film or a heater element, and may provide an anti-fogging of de-fogging feature to the exterior mirror assembly, and may utilize aspects of the heater elements or pads described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,058,977; 7,400,435; 5,808,777; 5,610,756 and/or 5,446,576, and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/779,047, filed Jul. 17, 2007, and published Jan. 17, 2008 as U.S. Pat. Publication No. 20080011733; and/or Ser. No. 13/111,407, filed May 19, 2011 and published Nov. 24, 2011 as U.S. Publication No. US-2011-0286096, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The heater element may include electrical contacts that extend rearward therefrom and through an aperture of attaching portion of back plate for electrical connection to a wire harness or connector of the mirror assembly, or the back plate and/or heater pad may include suitable electrical connectors and connections incorporated therein (such as by utilizing aspects of the mirror assembly described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,400,435, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) for electrically connecting the heater pad (or other suitable electrical connectors may be utilized, such as electrical leads or wire harnesses or pigtails or other separate connectors or cables or the like).
The method of making or forming the reflective element assemblies in accordance with the present invention thus includes providing a substrate and establishing or dispensing a perimeter seal material along the periphery of a surface of the substrate to substantially circumscribe the perimeter region of the substrate surface, with a gap between opposed terminal ends of the seal material. For example, an uncured adhesive seal material, such as an uncured epoxy material or the like (with uniform and defined diameter glass beads imbedded therein), may be applied to the surface of the substrate (such as, for example, the rear substrate of the mirror cell) along the perimeter region of the surface of the mirror shape or substrate, and partially around the spotter recess and across the spotter recess area as discussed above. The other substrate (such as, for example, the front cut shape or substrate) is superimposed upon the rear substrate and spaced therefrom by the applied uncured material (with spacing elements or beads disposed therein) and is mated with the first substrate to assemble the substrates together (such as via a vacuum mating process). The uncured adhesive material is then cured, such as by heating, to adhere the shapes or substrates together and to space the glass sheets or substrates apart a desired amount to define the appropriate interpane cavity or spacing. The electrochromic medium (such as an electrolyte or monomer composition) is then filled into the interpane cavity or cavities via the fill port provided in the perimeter material or seal (and optionally through a filter element at the fill port), such as via a vacuum fill process, all while the spotter portion or cavity is vented to avoid pressurization at the spotter portion during the fill process.
Optionally, after the interpane cavity A of the electrochromic cell has been filled and the fill port 29 has been plugged or sealed, a sealant or filler material may be injected through vent port 31 to fill or substantially fill the spotter cavity B. The spotter cavity B would thus be filled with a sealant and would thus preclude ingress of moisture or water or contaminants into the filled spotter cavity B. Optionally, after vacuum filling the interpane cavity A and plugging the fill port 29, the vent port 31 at spotter cavity B may be plugged or filled with a suitable plug seal material (and cured or the like via known processes). The spotter cavity B would thus be sealed air gap that is sealed to preclude ingress of moisture or water or contaminants into the spotter cavity B. Because the plugging of the vent port 31 is done after the vacuum filling of the interpane cavity A, any concerns with seal blowout of the seal around the spotter cavity are obviated.
Thus, the present invention provides a method of sealing a mirror reflective element having an integrated spotter portion. The method provides an electrochromic reflective element with an integral spotter mirror portion, without having the electrochromic medium in contact with the spotter portion, such that phenomena such as banding and segregation (such as may occur when the electrochromic medium is disposed at the spotter region) are obviated.
As is well known in the laminate electrochromic mirror art, an electrochromic mirror element or cell is formed by dispensing the uncured seal material around a periphery of one of the substrates while leaving a gap between opposed ends or portions of the seal material. The gap is formed/included to establish the fill port when the substrates are adhered together by the seal material and when the seal material is cured. The gap dimension or width dimension (the distance between the opposed ends or portions of the seal material) is selected to be larger than what may be necessary for filling the cell with the electro-optic material. During the cell manufacturing process, the substrates are brought together to sandwich the uncured seal material, with the interpane gap or distance being ultimately established by the likes of rigid glass or plastic beads in the seal material.
For example, the interpane distance of a typical mirror cell (or separation distance between the adhered glass substrates) is typically between about 50 microns and about 300 microns, more typically between about 80 microns and about 250 microns, and often between about 100 microns and about 200 microns, while the gap width or seal gap dimension (the dimension between the opposed ends or portions of the seal material) may be around 0.5 mm to around 1 mm or thereabouts (or more or less). Optionally, filtering means may be implemented to limit or substantially preclude ingress of particles or contaminants or debris into the mirror cell during the vacuum filling process such as by establishing or providing a filter material or element or elements at or near or in the fill port and/or fluid that limit the size of particles that may enter the cell cavity during the filling process and thus that limits or retards or reduces or substantially precludes particle ingress into the interpane cavity during the fill process, such as by utilizing aspects described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/099,554, filed May 3, 2011 and published Dec. 8, 2011 as U.S. Publication No. US-2011-0299170, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The seal is preferably continuously dispensed, starting at one edge of the fill port location and ending at the opposed edge of the fill port location, and may be dispensed or laid down with a computer numerical control (“CNC”) controlled dispenser (such as of the types described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,187, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The seal includes spacers or beads of a desired or selected diameter to establish the desired cell gap (such as, for example, 88 micron diameter glass beads may be disposed in the seal resin material to establish an interpane cavity gap distance of 88 microns). Preferably, the CNC dispenser or syringe functions to continuously dispense the seal material onto the glass substrate, and typically starts at one edge of the fill port and continues around the EC-active area and stops at other edge of fill port (thereby defining or establishing the fill port between the terminal ends of the seal). The seal is dispensed about the periphery of the EC-active area of the reflective element to define the boundary of the interpane cavity, and such as at a height of, for example, around 0.1 mm or more (slightly greater than the diameter of the spacer beads) so that the seal is squeezed and compressed as the glass substrates are pressed together. The height of the uncompressed seal is less than the gap or separation distance between the surface of the rear substrate and the curved or recessed surface of the spotter recess, such that the seal is not compressed or joined between these surfaces when the substrates are pressed together (or vacuum drawn together) and joined together.
The sandwich of substrates may then be moved to a curing oven or fixture, which cures the epoxy seal material in a known manner, such as heat curing at approximately 150 degrees C. or via other processes. After the seal material is cured, the empty cell may then be filled, such as with an electrolyte or monomer composition, and plugged at a filling station (such as a vacuum filling station) in a known manner (or the sandwich of shapes or cells may be filled as described below). The formed empty mirror cell (comprising the two glass substrates joined together by the seal in the manner described above) may be filled via any suitable interpane cavity filling process or means, and may utilize aspects of the assemblies and systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,455, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, mirror cells are typically filled via a vacuum backfill technique. In such a vacuum filling or backfilling process, the empty cell is placed in a vacuum chamber along with a container (typically a dish or small cup or the like) of the electro-optic medium fluid (such as electrochemichromic fluid or the like) intended to be filled through the single fill hole or fill port 29 into the cell cavity. While the fill port is not in the fluid, the chamber is evacuated to a high vacuum, such as 1 mm Hg or better, which establishes a vacuum within the interpane cavity. Means are then used to position the reflective element so that the fill hole is in the electro-optic medium fluid and under the surface of the electro-optic medium fluid. The chamber is then vented to atmospheric pressure (typically using nitrogen or similar inert gas or the like) or otherwise pressurized, and the atmospheric or increased pressure forces the fluid into the cell cavity and so fills it with the electro-optic medium fluid. After the cell cavity is filled, the fill port is plugged or sealed, such as via a plugging process, where an epoxy or other suitable material (such as a suitable UV curable adhesive or the like) is established at and in the fill port and cured to seal the fill port and seal the fluid within the interpane cavity.
The mirror cells thus may be loaded into the vacuum fill chamber and filled (such as via dipping the cells into an electrolyte or monomer composition or electrochromic medium or via depositing or shooting the electrolyte or monomer composition or electrochromic medium onto or at the fill opening of the vacuumed cell, and such as by utilizing aspects of the assemblies and systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,455, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and then removed and conveyed to a plugging station, where an operator may remove the mirror cell, clean the end of the cell (that was dipped into the electrolyte or monomer composition or electrochromic medium during the filling process) and plug the fill hole with a plug, such as a UV curable adhesive or glue or the like. Optionally, the gap of fill port may be plugged with a non-conductive seal or plug material, such as a UV curable or heat curable seal or plug material (such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,207,083; 5,724,187; 5,233,461; and 5,142,407, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties), to substantially seal the cell. After the hole is plugged, the cell is conveyed through a UV curing area which may emit UV light or radiation or energy to cure the UV curable adhesive plug, and is then conveyed to a cleaning station, where the cell is cleaned. Optionally, the substrates may be adhered together after being cut to their mirror shape or while in a larger sheet form with other substrates or mirror shapes, such as by utilizing aspects of the mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,255,451, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Before or when or after the completed reflective element assembly is mounted at or received at a mirror casing or the like, electrical connectors may be conductively connected to the conductive coatings at the second surface of the front substrate and at the metallic reflector coating at the third surface of the rear substrate, whereby electrical power is selectively applied to the coatings via the connectors (and via the vehicle power source and dimming circuitry of the mirror assembly or vehicle) to vary the degree of dimming or darkening of the electro-optic medium of the mirror reflective element or cell. Optionally, the clean cell may then receive an electrode clip, which may be glued to the cell with a UV curable adhesive at a gluing station, and then may be conveyed to a UV curing area to cure the UV curable adhesive to adhere the clip to the cell. Optionally, the cell may then be conveyed to a soldering station, where a wire harness may be soldered to the electrode clip at the soldering station in a known manner to complete the cell manufacturing. Optionally, a tab-out area and the electrode clips of the rear substrate may then be encapsulated via known means at a tab-out coating/curing station.
Optionally, and with reference to
The back plate 144 may include a perimeter lip 144b along its perimeter edges to form a pocket for receiving or partially receiving the heater pad 142 and the glass substrate 118 and the wide angle optic 120, such that the back plate provides a frame around the perimeter of the reflective element when the reflective element is received in the back plate and attached thereto (such as via an adhesive or the like between the generally planar surface of the back plate and the heater pad and an adhesive or the like between the heater pad and the rear surface of the glass substrate). The auxiliary wide angle optic 120 is disposed at the pocket area or corner region 144a of the back plate 144 and between the insert element 146 and the perimeter lip 144b of the back plate 144, and is retained thereat via any suitable attaching means, such as an adhesive or the like or such as a mechanical attachment (such as, for example, a groove and/or lip 146a established along the insert element 146 for receiving the inboard perimeter edge 120a of the wide angle optic 120 and optionally a groove or lip established along the perimeter edge of the back plate for receiving the outboard perimeter edge of the wide angle optic to substantially retain the wide angle optic relative to the back plate and glass substrate). As shown in
Although shown as having an overlapping portion or lip 146c that overlaps a portion of the front surface 118c of the glass substrate 118 and a portion of the front surface 120c of the wide angle optic, the insert element may not have such an overlapping portion or lip (such that an outer surface of the insert element is generally flush with or coplanar with the outer or front surfaces of the glass substrate and wide angle optic), and the insert element may be adhesively attached to or insert molded at and between the wide angle optic and the glass substrate, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The insert element may comprise any suitable material, such as a molded plastic or polymeric material or an extruded flexible plastic or polymeric material, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The insert element may comprise an opaque or dark or black material so as to provide a demarcation function to demarcate the interface between the generally planar substrate 118 and the wide angle optic 120, or the insert element may comprise a colored or reflective surface or appearance so as to be less discernible to a person viewing the front surface of the reflective element when the mirror assembly is normally mounted at a vehicle.
As shown in
By providing a demarcating or separating insert element 146 between the generally planar glass substrate and the wide angle optic, the present invention allows for use of a single, continuous heater pad for heating both the glass substrate and the wide angle optic. Optionally, and such as shown in
As discussed above, the rearview mirror reflective element assembly of the present invention comprises an electro-optic or electrochromic reflective element assembly or cell, such as an electrochromic mirror reflective element assembly with coated substrates that are coated utilizing principles disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,310,178; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 7,184,190; 6,690,268; 5,140,455; 5,151,816; 6,178,034; 6,154,306; 6,002,544; 5,567,360; 5,525,264; 5,610,756; 5,406,414; 5,253,109; 5,076,673; 5,073,012; 5,117,346; 5,724,187; 5,668,663; 5,910,854; 5,142,407 and/or 4,712,879, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, and/or as disclosed in the following publications: N. R. Lynam, “Electrochromic Automotive Day/Night Mirrors”, SAE Technical Paper Series 870636 (1987); N. R. Lynam, “Smart Windows for Automobiles”, SAE Technical Paper Series 900419 (1990); N. R. Lynam and A. Agrawal, “Automotive Applications of Chromogenic Materials”, Large Area Chromogenics: Materials and Devices for Transmittance Control, C. M. Lampert and C. G. Granquist, EDS., Optical Engineering Press, Wash. (1990), which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Optionally, the electrochromic circuitry and/or a glare sensor (such as a rearward facing glare sensor that receives light from rearward of the mirror assembly and vehicle through a port or opening along the casing and/or bezel portion and/or reflective element of the mirror assembly) and circuitry and/or an ambient light sensor and circuitry may be provided on one or more circuit boards of the mirror assembly that receives or incorporates the mirror reflective element assembly or cell constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Typically, the material for the substrates comprises glass, such as soda-lime glass or the like, but other materials, such as polycarbonate or other polymeric materials may be utilized without affecting the scope of the present invention. The completed mirror cells or reflective element assemblies include a front substrate and a rear substrate. The rear substrate may have a reflective coating on its front surface (toward the front substrate when the substrates are sandwiched together, and typically referred to as the third surface of the mirror reflective element assembly), while the front substrate may have a transparent semiconductive coating, such as a coating of indium tin oxide (ITO) or doped indium tin oxide or the like, on its rear surface (toward the rear substrate when the substrates are sandwiched together, and typically referred to as the second surface of the mirror reflective element assembly).
Optionally, the substrate surface of the front and/or rear substrates may be initially coated with a transparent electrically conductive coating, such as a low cost tin oxide coating or the like, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,420,036; 6,245,262; 6,154,306; and 5,724,187, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. For example, a mirror assembly manufacturer may purchase tin oxide-coated glass substrates or sheets, such as sold by the LOF Glass division of Libbey-Owens-Ford Co., Toledo, Ohio under the trade name of “TEC-Glass” products, such as “TEC 10” (10 ohms per square sheet resistance), “TEC 12” (12 ohms per square sheet resistance), “TEC 15” (15 ohms per square sheet resistance) and “TEC 20” (20 ohms per square sheet resistance) tin oxide-coated glass and the like. Moreover, tin oxide coated glass substrates, such as commercially available from Pittsburgh Plate Glass Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. under the “SUNGATE” trade name, may be advantageously employed herein.
Although shown as having generally flush edges, the cells manufactured by the process of the present invention may have generally or substantially flush edges or offset edges or overhang regions or the like, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention, such as the types of cells described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,274,501; 7,184,190 and/or 7,255,451, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, or may have other forms or shapes, such as the mirror shapes described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,110,156, and/or shown in U.S. Design Pat. Nos. D493,131 and/or D493,394, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Optionally, a reflective element assembly of the present invention (such as for an interior or exterior rearview mirror assembly) may include a photo sensor or light sensor (such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,831,268; 6,742,904; 6,737,629; 5,406,414; 5,253,109; 4,799,768; 4,793,690; and/or 7,004,593, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties) at the rear or fourth surface of the reflective element assembly, such that the photo sensor detects light passing through the reflective element assembly. Examples of such configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,793,690; 5,550,677; 5,193,029 and/or 7,004,593, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The reflective element assembly thus may have a window or transmissive port or portion at the photo sensor or, and preferably, may comprise a transflective display on demand (DOD) type reflective element assembly or cell, such as, for example, the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,668,663; 5,724,187; 6,690,268; 7,195,381; 7,274,501; 7,255,451 and/or 7,184,190, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The transflective reflective element assembly may have a fixed attenuation such that only a relatively small amount of light passes therethrough, such as about 12 to 25 percent of the light incident on the reflective element assembly, such that the signal to dark current ratio generated at the sensor may be substantially reduced. Because the photo sensor may have a relatively small sensing area, the sensor may not receive or sense a substantial amount of light passing through the reflective element assembly. Therefore, it is envisioned that a light concentrator (such as a lens and/or light channel and/or light pipe and/or other light concentrating device) may be positioned at the photo sensor to focus or direct the light passing through a larger area of the reflective element assembly onto the smaller sensing area of the photo sensor.
Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments may be carried out without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims, as interpreted according to the principles of patent law.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/628,783, filed Sep. 27, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,736,940, which claims the filing benefit of U.S. provisional applications, Ser. No. 61/568,282, filed Dec. 8, 2011, and Ser. No. 61/541,575, filed Sep. 30, 2011, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1114559 | Weed | Oct 1914 | A |
| 1401942 | Benzer | Dec 1921 | A |
| 1672559 | Doble | Jun 1928 | A |
| RE17274 | Porter | Apr 1929 | E |
| 1771061 | Rice | Jul 1930 | A |
| 2135262 | Schumacher | Nov 1938 | A |
| 2263382 | Gotzinger | Nov 1941 | A |
| 2514989 | Buren | Jul 1950 | A |
| 2580014 | Gazda | Dec 1951 | A |
| 2636419 | Kerr | Apr 1953 | A |
| 2763187 | Wiener | Sep 1956 | A |
| 2778273 | Fellmeth | Jan 1957 | A |
| 2911177 | West | Nov 1959 | A |
| 3104274 | King | Sep 1963 | A |
| 3131250 | Ely | Apr 1964 | A |
| 3146296 | Fischer | Aug 1964 | A |
| 3170985 | Katulich | Feb 1965 | A |
| 3175463 | Seashore | Mar 1965 | A |
| 3266016 | Maruyama et al. | Aug 1966 | A |
| 3267806 | Azegami | Aug 1966 | A |
| 3280701 | Donnelly et al. | Oct 1966 | A |
| 3337285 | Travis | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3338655 | Young | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3375053 | Ward | Mar 1968 | A |
| 3389952 | Tobin, Jr. | Jun 1968 | A |
| 3404935 | Creager | Oct 1968 | A |
| 3408136 | Travis | Oct 1968 | A |
| 3424517 | Budreck | Jan 1969 | A |
| 3563638 | Panozzo | Feb 1971 | A |
| 3601614 | Platzer | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3610739 | Seashore | Oct 1971 | A |
| 3667833 | Baldwin, Sr. | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3708222 | Stern | Jan 1973 | A |
| 3764201 | Haile | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3806232 | Gray | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3826563 | Davis | Jul 1974 | A |
| 3881811 | French | May 1975 | A |
| 3909117 | Takahashi et al. | Sep 1975 | A |
| 3972601 | Johnson | Aug 1976 | A |
| 4200359 | Lawson | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4223983 | Bloom | Sep 1980 | A |
| 4258979 | Mahin | Mar 1981 | A |
| 4264144 | McCord | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4268120 | Jitsumori | May 1981 | A |
| 4281899 | Oskam | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4293191 | Kim | Oct 1981 | A |
| 4303308 | Kobrin | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4306770 | Marhauer | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4311362 | LaPorte | Jan 1982 | A |
| 4311363 | Marsalka et al. | Jan 1982 | A |
| 4325609 | Alford | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4331382 | Graff | May 1982 | A |
| 4350412 | Steenblik et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4435042 | Wood et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4436371 | Wood et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4436372 | Schmidt et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4439013 | Hagn et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4449786 | McCord | May 1984 | A |
| 4470665 | Blom | Sep 1984 | A |
| 4499451 | Suzuki et al. | Feb 1985 | A |
| 4526446 | Adams | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4549786 | Albers et al. | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4555166 | Enomoto | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4575202 | McGuire | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4588267 | Pastore | May 1986 | A |
| 4609266 | Blom | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4623222 | Itoh et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
| 4629296 | White | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4630904 | Pastore | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4674849 | Stewart | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4674850 | Blom | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4678294 | Van Nostrand | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4679906 | Brandenburg | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4712879 | Lynam et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4715701 | Urban | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4721364 | Itoh et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4727302 | Mizuta et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4733336 | Skogler et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4770522 | Alten | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4773740 | Kawakami et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
| D297926 | Kesler | Oct 1988 | S |
| 4793690 | Gahan et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4799768 | Gahan | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4824231 | Quintana | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4826289 | Vandenbrink et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4828379 | Parsons et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4834521 | Dubs | May 1989 | A |
| 4853283 | Skolnick | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4859046 | Traynor et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4882466 | Friel | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4882565 | Gallmeyer | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4906075 | Matsumiya | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4906085 | Sugihara et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4913542 | Adolfsson | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4917485 | Baldwin, Sr. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4929074 | Urban | May 1990 | A |
| 4932769 | Goosen | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4932770 | Caravaty | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4948242 | Desmond et al. | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4989964 | Meise | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5005962 | Edelman | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5014167 | Roberts | May 1991 | A |
| 5022747 | Polanyi et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5033835 | Platzer, Jr. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5044739 | do Espirito Santo | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5050977 | Platzer, Jr. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5052792 | McDonough | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5066112 | Lynam et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5073012 | Lynam | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5076673 | Lynam et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5078480 | Warszawski | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5080492 | Platzer, Jr. | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5107374 | Lupo et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5115346 | Lynam | May 1992 | A |
| 5115352 | do Espirito Santo | May 1992 | A |
| 5117346 | Gard | May 1992 | A |
| 5118540 | Hutchison | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5140455 | Varaprasad et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5142407 | Varaprasad et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5151816 | Varaprasad et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5151824 | O'Farrell | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5166833 | Shyu | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5178448 | Adams et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5179471 | Caskey et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5183099 | Bechu | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5189537 | O'Farrell | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5193029 | Schofield et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5207492 | Roberts | May 1993 | A |
| 5225943 | Lupo | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5233461 | Dornan et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5237458 | Polanyi et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5237459 | Strauss | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5239405 | Varaprasad et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5247395 | Martinez | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5253109 | O'Farrell et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5285060 | Larson et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5295021 | Swanson | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5296973 | Burke | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5313335 | Gray et al. | May 1994 | A |
| 5327288 | Wellington et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5354965 | Lee | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5355245 | Lynam | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5371659 | Pastrick et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5406414 | O'Farrell et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5412512 | Zebold et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5424875 | Davis, II | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5432643 | Huang | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5437931 | Tsai et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5446576 | Lynam et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5448397 | Tonar | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5479297 | Summers | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5481409 | Roberts | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5497305 | Pastrick et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5497306 | Pastrick | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5509606 | Breithaupt et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5517003 | Kadooka et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5517367 | Kim et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5523877 | Lynam | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5525264 | Cronin et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5526195 | Thomas | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5530588 | Vivier | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5535056 | Caskey et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5550677 | Schofield et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5557467 | McColgan et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5559640 | Vachss et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5563744 | Matsumiya | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5567360 | Varaprasad et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5575552 | Faloon et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579133 | Black et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5587236 | Agrawal et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5587699 | Faloon et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5594222 | Caldwell | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5594593 | Milner | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5610756 | Lynam et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5621569 | Schlenke | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5621577 | Lang et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5644442 | Lemere | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5649756 | Adams et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5668663 | Varaprasad et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669698 | Veldman et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669699 | Pastrick et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669704 | Pastrick | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669705 | Pastrick et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5670935 | Schofield et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5689370 | Tonar et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5691855 | Lupkas | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5715093 | Schierbeek et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5722836 | Younker | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5724187 | Varaprasad et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5751489 | Caskey et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5760962 | Schofield et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5784211 | Mingledorff | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5786772 | Schofield et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5788357 | Muth et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5790298 | Tonar | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5790327 | Lee et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5793542 | Kondo et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5796094 | Schofield et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5796532 | Kanazawa | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5803579 | Turnbull et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805367 | Kanazawa | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5808777 | Lynam et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5823654 | Pastrick et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825527 | Forgette et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5835294 | Minegishi | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5838505 | Palathingal | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5847889 | Komiyama et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5863116 | Pastrick et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5864434 | Taylor | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5877897 | Schofield et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5910854 | Varaprasad et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5922176 | Caskey | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5923457 | Byker et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5929786 | Schofield et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5938320 | Crandall | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5980050 | McCord | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6001486 | Varaprasad et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6002511 | Varaprasad et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6005724 | Todd | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6007207 | Liu | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6030084 | Schmidt | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6032323 | Smith et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6033078 | Su et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6065840 | Caskey et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6074068 | Palathingal | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6076934 | Gerdes | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6097023 | Schofield et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6102546 | Carter | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6109586 | Hock | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6111684 | Forgette et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6116743 | Hoek | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6124647 | Marcus et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6132072 | Turnbull et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6154306 | Varaprasad et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6164564 | Franco et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6170956 | Rumsey et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6172613 | DeLine et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6176602 | Pastrick et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6178034 | Allemand et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6195194 | Roberts et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6196688 | Caskey et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6198409 | Schofield et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6199993 | Mou | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6201642 | Bos | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6207083 | Varaprasad et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6227689 | Miller | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6229435 | Knapp et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6239898 | Byker et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6244716 | Steenwyk et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6245262 | Varaprasad et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6250148 | Lynam | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6257746 | Todd et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6260608 | Kim | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6270225 | Goolsby | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6276821 | Pastrick et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6286965 | Caskey et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6294989 | Schofield et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6310611 | Caldwell | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6315419 | Platzer, Jr. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6318870 | Spooner et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6320282 | Caldwell | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6329925 | Skiver et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6335548 | Roberts et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6341523 | Lynam | Jan 2002 | B2 |
| 6343402 | Smith et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6356376 | Tonar et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6359274 | Nixon et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6379013 | Bechtel et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6390632 | Palathingal | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6396397 | Bos et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6398377 | Chou | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6402328 | Bechtel et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6420036 | Varaprasad et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6420684 | Higgins | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6426485 | Bulgajewski et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6428172 | Hutzel et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6441943 | Roberts et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6441964 | Chu et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6445287 | Schofield et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6449082 | Agrawal et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6471362 | Carter et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6472979 | Schofield et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6498620 | Schofield et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6501387 | Skiver et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6504142 | Nixon et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6511192 | Henion et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6512624 | Tonar et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6521916 | Roberts et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6522451 | Lynam | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523965 | Luger | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523976 | Turnbull et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6537138 | Ohmori et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6582109 | Miller | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6595649 | Hoekstra et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6615438 | Franco | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6627918 | Getz et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6642851 | DeLine et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6648477 | Hutzel et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6669109 | Ivanov et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6690268 | Schofield et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6717610 | Bos et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6717712 | Lynam et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6719215 | Drouillard | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6731205 | Schofield et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6737629 | Nixon et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6742904 | Bechtel et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6757109 | Bos | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| D493131 | Lawlor et al. | Jul 2004 | S |
| D493394 | Lawlor et al. | Jul 2004 | S |
| 6824281 | Schofield et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6831268 | Bechtel et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6882287 | Schofield | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6919796 | Boddy et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6932483 | Strumolo et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6979090 | Wnuk | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 7001032 | Lo | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7005974 | McMahon et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7025469 | Manfre' et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7038577 | Pawlicki et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7080913 | Henion et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7097312 | Platzer, Jr. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7106392 | You | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7126456 | Boddy et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7156532 | Stonecypher | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7167294 | Lynam et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7168830 | Pastrick et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7184190 | McCabe et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7195381 | Lynam et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7202445 | Yamada | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7230207 | Witzke et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7249860 | Kulas et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7255451 | McCabe et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7267448 | Schmidt et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7274501 | McCabe et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7289037 | Uken et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7306355 | Walser et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7324261 | Tonar et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7338177 | Lynam | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7339149 | Schofield et al. | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| 7342707 | Roberts et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7345680 | David | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7349143 | Tonar et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7360932 | Uken et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7370983 | DeWind et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7377675 | Pastrick et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7391563 | McCabe et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7400435 | Byers et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7420756 | Lynam | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7423522 | O'Brien et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7448764 | Platzer, Jr. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7492281 | Lynam et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7517099 | Hannah | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7526103 | Schofield et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7581859 | Lynam | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7626749 | Baur et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7636188 | Baur et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7748856 | Zhao | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7824045 | Zhao | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7857469 | Sinelli et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7864400 | Cammenga et al. | Jan 2011 | B1 |
| 7887204 | Zhao | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7934844 | Zhao | May 2011 | B1 |
| 7965336 | Bingle et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7967458 | Karpus et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8021005 | Zhao | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8058977 | Lynam | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8061859 | Zhao | Nov 2011 | B1 |
| 8267535 | Zhao | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8736940 | Rawlings | May 2014 | B2 |
| 20020036828 | Wong | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020105741 | Platzer, Jr. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020159169 | McCord | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020159270 | Lynam et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20030039039 | Thomas et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030043589 | Blank | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030117731 | Platzer, Jr. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20040032638 | Tonar et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040032675 | Weller et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040032676 | Drummond et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040114260 | Bartnick | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040165291 | Platzer, Jr. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040257685 | Minor et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040264011 | Lynam | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050078389 | Kulas et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050083577 | Varaprasad et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050099693 | Schofield et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050134983 | Lynam | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050232469 | Schofield et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050248859 | Platzer, Jr. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060050018 | Hutzel et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060061008 | Karner et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060125919 | Camilleri et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060126150 | Tonar et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060171704 | Bingle et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060184297 | Higgins-Luthman | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060268440 | Platzer, Jr. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060279863 | Starbuck | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070058257 | Lynam | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070285789 | Lindahl et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080212189 | Baur et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080225421 | Platzer | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080304170 | Zhao | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090040306 | Foote et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090115631 | Foote et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090213481 | Wilson | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090237820 | McCabe et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20100039691 | Thomas et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100195228 | Sinelli et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100197203 | Wilson et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100315732 | Henion et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100321757 | Cammenga et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110194185 | Cammenga et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110299170 | Harlow et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20130083388 | Rawlings | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3336405 | Sep 2003 | CN |
| 3336407 | Sep 2003 | CN |
| 2409748 | Sep 1975 | DE |
| 2550095 | May 1976 | DE |
| 2647592 | Apr 1978 | DE |
| 2915521 | Oct 1980 | DE |
| 3302735 | Aug 1984 | DE |
| 3329998 | Mar 1985 | DE |
| 3606020 | Aug 1987 | DE |
| 3620228 | Dec 1987 | DE |
| 3624321 | Feb 1988 | DE |
| 3743072 | Jul 1989 | DE |
| 4026578 | Apr 1992 | DE |
| 0210757 | Feb 1987 | EP |
| 0310261 | Apr 1989 | EP |
| 0356099 | Feb 1990 | EP |
| 0551802 | Jan 1992 | EP |
| 0728618 | Aug 1996 | EP |
| 0729864 | Sep 1996 | EP |
| 0791503 | Aug 1997 | EP |
| 0917987 | May 1999 | EP |
| 2628042 | Mar 1988 | FR |
| 1279158 | Jun 1972 | GB |
| 2048189 | Dec 1980 | GB |
| 2092534 | Aug 1982 | GB |
| 55076721 | Oct 1980 | JP |
| 362075619 | Apr 1987 | JP |
| 62105103 | May 1987 | JP |
| 1186443 | Jul 1989 | JP |
| 1208245 | Aug 1989 | JP |
| 491539 | Aug 1992 | JP |
| 10086899 | Apr 1998 | JP |
| 2002092059 | Dec 2002 | KR |
| 7908257 | Jun 1981 | NL |
| 24057 | Mar 2001 | TW |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140254015 A1 | Sep 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61568282 | Dec 2011 | US | |
| 61541575 | Sep 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13628783 | Sep 2012 | US |
| Child | 14282030 | US |
