Patent Application
20100240758
The present invention relates to an external preparation for percutaneous administration containing a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Since NSAIDs such as ketoprofen have excellent anti-inflammatory action and analgesic action, they are contained as medicinal components in various forms of external preparations for percutaneous administration, such as patches, for example poultices and plasters, gels, creams, ointments, and liniments. However, some of the external preparations for percutaneous administration of an NSAID are photosensitive, and very occasionally the development of photosensitive dermatitis has been reported as a side effect.
As attempts to suppress the photosensitive dermatitis, there have been reported a case in which formation of a photolyte is suppressed by adding a UV absorber to a ketoprofen-containing external preparation, thus preventing photolysis of ketoprofen (ref. Patent Publication 1), a case in which a support of a patch containing an NSAID is subjected to UV shielding (ref. Patent Publication 2), and a case in which titanium oxide is added to an anti-inflammatory external skin preparation (ref. Patent Publication 3), but it cannot be said that any thereof sufficiently prevents the development of photosensitive dermatitis, and there is a desire for still further improvement in these preparations.
It is an object of the present invention to more reliably prevent photosensitive dermatitis in an external preparation for percutaneous administration containing a photosensitive NSAID.
During an intensive investigation by the present inventors in order to attain the above-mentioned object, it was noticed that, with regard to drug-induced photosensitive dermatitis there is phototoxicity, which is caused by a nonimmunological mechanism in which active oxygen generated when a drug is irradiated with sunlight causes tissue/cell damage, and photoallergy, in which a drug haptenated by exposure to sunlight causes a tissue/cell disorder via an immunological mechanism; the former has the possibility of occurring with anybody, irrespective of individual predisposition, if a sufficient dose of UV radiation is received, whereas the latter only affects some individuals who have been sensitized to the allergy by the haptenated drug, the symptoms appearing irrespective of the dose of drug or the intensity of sunlight irradiation, and it is therefore necessary to suppress both of these mechanisms in order to reliably prevent photosensitive dermatitis.
As a result of further investigation based on such a viewpoint, it has been found that, by adding to the preparation a UVA blocker, which, among UV rays, particularly blocks long wavelength UV rays (UVA: wavelength 320 to 400 nm), both the phototoxicity and the photoallergy, which are thought to cause drug-induced photosensitive dermatitis, can be suppressed, and the present invention has thus been accomplished.
That is, the present invention relates to an external preparation for percutaneous administration containing aphotosensitive NSAID, and a UVA blocker that suppresses both phototoxicity and photoallergy of the anti-inflammatory drug.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the external preparation for percutaneous administration wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, tolmetin, carprofen, benoxaprofen, piroxicam, benzydamine, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, diflunisal, azapropazone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The present invention further relates to the external preparation for percutaneous administration wherein the UVA blocker is an inorganic UVA blocker and/or an organic UVA blocker.
The present invention also relates to the external preparation for percutaneous administration wherein the inorganic UVA blocker is zinc oxide.
Moreover, the present invention relates to the external preparation for percutaneous administration wherein the organic UVA blocker is selected from the group consisting of a dibenzoylmethane derivative, a benzophenone derivative, a cinnamic acid derivative, a camphor derivative, a benzotriazole derivative, an amino acid-based compound, and a benzoylpinacolone derivative.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the external preparation for percutaneous administration wherein the organic UVA blocker is selected from the group consisting of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, n-hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, a branched alkyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, terephthalylidene-3,3′-dicamphor-10,10′-disulfonic acid, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl]phenol, 2-ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzylidenedioxoimidazolidinepropionate, and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentanedione.
In the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention, the development of photosensitive dermatitis due to the photosensitive NSAID can be outstandingly suppressed. That is, in the present invention, the UVA blocker for blocking UVA by absorption, scattering, etc., suppresses effectively the haptenation of the drug, as well as the occurrence of active oxygen and free radicals from a photosensitive drug, which react with a biological protein to produce adverse effects, both of which are thought to be a cause of the photosensitive dermatitis.
Although external preparations to which a UV absorber is added are known in the art (ref. Patent Publications 1, 3 to 6), in none thereof it is reported that both phototoxicity and photoallergy are suppressed, and an external preparation for percutaneous administration of an NSAID having such effects has been realized for the first time by the present invention.
The external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention containing a UVA blocker and an NSAID can exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects while sufficiently preventing the development of dermatoses such as contact dermatitis or photosensitive dermatitis due to phototoxicity or photoallergy, and is expected to be put to practical use as a pharmaceutical having very high safety.
Preferred embodiments of the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention are explained in detail below.
The external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention contains a photosensitive NSAID and a UVA blocker.
The UVA blocker used in the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention may be an inorganic UVA blocker or an organic UVA blocker such as a dibenzoylmethane derivative, a benzophenone derivative, a cinnamic acid derivative, a camphor derivative, a benzotriazole derivative, an amino acid-based compound, or a benzoylpinacolone derivative. In the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention, zinc oxide is preferable as the inorganic UVA blocker; 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane is preferable as the dibenzoylmethane derivative; n-hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate is preferable as the benzophenone derivative; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and branched alkyl esters of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid such as isostearyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate are preferable as the cinnamic acid derivative and esters thereof; terephthalylidene-3,3′-dicamphor-10,10′-disulfonic acid is preferable as the camphor derivative; 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl]phenol is preferable as the benzotriazole derivative; 2-ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzylidenedioxoimidazolidinepropionate is preferable as the amino acid-based compound; and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentanedione is preferable as the benzoylpinacolone derivative.
In the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention, a particularly preferred UVA blocker is 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane.
The proportion of UVA blocker in the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.01 to 20 wt % relative to the entire amount of the preparation. If the proportion of UVA blocker is less than the above-mentioned lower limit, the effect in suppressing phototoxicity and photoallergy tends not to be exhibited sufficiently, whereas if it exceeds the above-mentioned upper limit, there is a possibility of causing dermatitis or hypersensitivity.
As described above, the present invention more reliably prevents photosensitive dermatitis due to phototoxicity and photoallergy in an external preparation for percutaneous administration containing an NSAID as a medicinal component. Such an NSAID is not particularly limited as long as there is a possibility of photosensitive dermatitis development; examples thereof include ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, tolmetin, carprofen, benoxaprofen, piroxicam, benzydamine, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, diflunisal, azapropazone, and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Among these, ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, and tolmetin, which have a benzophenone-like skeleton in their structures, are preferable, and ketoprofen, which has a benzophenone skeleton, is particularly preferable. Such NSAIDs may be used singly or in a combination of two or more types.
The proportion of NSAID in the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.1 to 10 wt % relative to the entire amount of the preparation. If the proportion of NSAID is less than the above-mentioned lower limit, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects tend not be adequately exhibited.
In the present invention, ‘to suppress’ means that, as a result of the inclusion of the UVA blocker of the present invention, a numerical value related to phototoxicity evaluated by a photohemolysis test (ref. Example 1), an auricular light irradiation test (ref. Example 2), etc., and a numerical value related to photoallergy evaluated by a local lymph node test (ref. Example 3), a skin photosensitization test (ref. Example 4), etc. decrease compared with a case in which the UVA blocker is not included. The extent of the decrease (suppression rate) is preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, yet more preferably at least 50%, and most preferably at least 60%.
It is preferable for the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention to contain, in addition to the above-mentioned essential components (the above-mentioned NSAID and UVA blocker related to the present invention), a base for each preparation according to the form of the preparation. Examples of the form of the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention include a patch such as a poultice or a plaster, a gel, a cream, an ointment, and a liniment. The base and a formulation example according to the form of each preparation of the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention are explained below.
The poultice is first explained. A poultice base used in the poultice of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such a poultice base include a thickener (synthetic water-soluble polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene, and polyvinyl methacrylate, natural products such as gum arabic, starch, and gelatin, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, alginic acid, sodium alginate, ammonium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), a humectant (urea, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol, etc.), a filler (kaolin, talc, bentonite, epoxy resins, organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, succinic acid, etc.), calcium, magnesium, aluminum, etc.), water, a solubilization agent (propylene carbonate, crotamiton, diisopropyl adipate, etc.), an irritation inhibitor (diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, glycyrrhizinic acid, dexamethasone, betamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide, etc.), and other additives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, nonylic acid vanillylamide, red pepper extract, peppermint oil, Azone (registered trademark), etc.), and by adding the above-mentioned essential components to a poultice base formed by mixing components selected from the above, the poultice of the present invention may be obtained.
A preferred production example (formulation example) of the poultice is now described. That is, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker are first mixed with 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of a solubilization agent and dissolved to give a uniform mixture A. Separately, 5 to 20 parts by weight (preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight) of a thickener is mixed with 5 to 40 parts by weight of a humectant and 10 to 80 parts by weight of water and dispersed/dissolved, and 20 parts by weight or less of a filler is further added thereto to give a uniform paste B. Subsequently, mixture A and paste B are mixed to give a uniform paste. The paste so obtained is applied by spreading it on a support by a standard method, and a release cover is then affixed thereon to give the poultice of the present invention. As the support, a stretchable or non-stretchable support may be used. Specific examples of such a support include those formed from cloth, nonwoven fabric, polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, aluminum sheet, and a composite material thereof. Examples of the release cover include those formed from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, and silicone-treated paper.
The plaster is now explained. The plaster base used in the plaster of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such a plaster base include a polymer base (an acrylic composition, that is, a copolymer of a methacrylic acid ester and a vinyl monomer such as acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, or vinyl propionate, a silicone resin, polyisoprene rubber, natural rubber, acrylic rubber, a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, etc.), a fat or a higher fatty acid (almond oil, olive oil, camellia oil, persic oil, peanut oil, olein oil, liquid paraffin, polybutene, etc.), a tackifier (rosin, rosin-modified maleic acid, a hydrogenated rosin ester, etc.), a fatty acid metal salt (zinc undecylenate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, zinc palmitate, zinc myristate, magnesium myristate; sodium laurate, zinc laurate, etc.), an irritation inhibitor, and other additives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, nonylic acid vanillylamide, red pepper extract, peppermint oil, Azone (registered trademark), etc.), and by adding the above-mentioned essential components to a plaster base formed by mixing components selected from the above, the plaster of the present invention may be obtained.
A preferred production example (formulation example) of the plaster is now described. That is, in the case of production being carried out by a hot-melt method, 5 to 40 parts by weight of the polymer base, 20 to 70 parts by weight of the fat or higher fatty acid, 10 to 40 parts by weight of the tackifier, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the fatty acid metal salt are first mixed using a mixing machine such as a kneader or a mixer while heating at 120° C. to 160° C., and subsequently 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker are added thereto. The mixture so obtained is either spread directly on a support or first spread on a paper, a film, etc. that has been given a release treatment and then compression-transferred so as to cover a desired support. In the case of production being carried out by a solvent method, the components are dissolved in a solvent such as toluene, hexane, or methylene chloride using a mixing machine such as an explosion-proof mixer, the solution so obtained is spread on a paper, film, etc. that has been given a release treatment, the solvent is removed by evaporation using a dryer, and the mixture is then compression-transferred so as to cover a desired support. By affixing a release cover to the coating spread on the support, the plaster of the present invention is obtained. Specific examples of such a support include those formed from cloth, nonwoven fabric, polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, aluminum sheet, and a composite material thereof. Examples of the release cover include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, and silicone-treated paper.
The ointment is now explained. An ointment base used in the ointment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such an ointment base include a higher fatty acid or an ester thereof (adipic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, an adipic acid ester, an myristic acid ester, a palmitic acid ester, diethyl sebacate, hexyl laurate, cetyl isooctanoate, etc.), a wax (spermaceti, beeswax, ceresine, etc.), a surfactant (a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid ester, etc.), a fatty alcohol (cetanol, stearyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, etc.), a silicone oil (dimethyl polysiloxane, methyl phenyl polysiloxane, glycol methyl polysiloxane, silicone glycol polymer, etc.), a hydrocarbon (hydrophilic petrolatum, white petrolatum, purified lanolin, liquid paraffin, etc.), water, an absorption enhancer (propylene carbonate, diisopropyl adipate, crotamiton, Azone (registered trademark), etc.), a moisturizing agent (glycerol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol, etc.), an irritation inhibitor, and other additives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, peppermint oil, etc.), and by adding the above-mentioned essential components to an ointment base formed by mixing components selected from the above, the ointment of the present invention may be obtained.
A preferred production example (formulation example) of the ointment is now described. That is, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker are first mixed with 5 to 15 parts by weight of a higher fatty acid ester and 1 to 10 parts by weight of a surfactant at room temperature or while heating, 4 to 10 parts by weight of a wax and 50 to 90 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon are added thereto, and the mixture is heated and maintained at 50° C. to 100° C. After all of the components become a transparent solution, they are mixed uniformly using a homomixer. Following this, the mixture so obtained is cooled to room temperature while, stirring to give the ointment of the present invention.
The gel is now explained. A gel base used in the gel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such a gel base include a lower alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), water, a gelling agent (carboxyvinyl polymer, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate, etc.), a neutralizing agent (triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, sodium hydroxide, etc.), a surfactant (sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, etc.), an absorption enhancer (propylene carbonate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, crotamiton, Azone (registered trademark), propylene glycol, etc.), a solubilizer (a lower alcohol such as ethanol or isopropanol, a fatty alcohol such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, batyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, or octyldodecanol, a fatty acid ester such as isopropyl myristate, octyldodecyl myristate, cetyl myristate, myristyl myristate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, cetyl isooctanoate, a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, or a propylene glycol fatty acid ester, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, triacetin, benzyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, l-menthyl glyceryl ether, etc.), a glycol (glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, sorbitol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, etc.), an irritation inhibitor, and other additives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, peppermint oil, etc.), and by adding the above-mentioned essential components to a gel base formed by mixing components selected from the above, the gel of the present invention may be obtained.
A preferred production method (formulation example) for the gel is now described. That is, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a gelling agent is first added to 55 parts by weight or less of water and swollen to give a swollen product A. Separately, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker are dissolved or suspended in 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a solubilizer, and this is further dissolved in a mixture of 40 parts by weight or less of a glycol and 60 parts by weight or less of a lower alcohol to give a dissolved product B. Subsequently, after the dissolved product B is added to the swollen product A, a neutralizing agent is added thereto so as to adjust the pH value to 4 to 7, thus giving the gel of the present invention.
The cream is now explained. A cream base used in the cream of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such a cream base include a higher fatty acid ester (an adipic acid ester, a myristic acid ester, a palmitic acid ester, diethyl sebacate, hexyl laurate, cetyl isooctanoate, etc.), a lower alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), a carbohydrate (liquid paraffin, squalane, etc.), a polyhydric alcohol (propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, etc.), a fatty alcohol (2-hexyldecanol, cetanol, 2-octyldodecanol, etc.), an emulsifier (a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a fatty acid ester, a polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, etc.), a preservative (a paraoxybenzoic acid ester, etc.), an absorption enhancer (propylene carbonate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, crotamiton, Azone (registered trademark), propylene glycol, etc.), an irritation inhibitor, and other additives (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, peppermint oil, etc.), and by adding the above-mentioned essential components to a cream base formed by mixing components selected from the above, the cream of the present invention may be obtained. Furthermore, in order to obtain a gel cream, which has properties between a cream and a gel, a gelling agent (carboxyvinyl polymer, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate, etc.) and a neutralizing agent (triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, sodium hydroxide, etc.) may be added to the above-mentioned cream so as to adjust the pH to 4 to 8 (preferably 5 to 6.5), thus giving the gel cream of the present invention.
A preferred production example (formulation example) of the gel cream is now described. That is, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker, are dissolved in a mixture of 25 parts by weight or less of a higher fatty acid ester and 40 parts by weight or less of a lower alcohol and, furthermore, 0.5 parts by weight or less of a preservative and 5 parts by weight or less of an emulsifier are added thereto to give a mixture A. Separately, a gelling agent is added to water so as to give a concentration of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight and swollen to give a swollen product B. Subsequently, the swollen product B is added to the mixture A, the mixture is emulsified uniformly by means of a homomixer, and a neutralizing agent is then added to the emulsified product so obtained so as to adjust the pH value to 4 to 8, thus giving the gel cream of the present invention.
The liniment is now explained. A liniment base used in the liniment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is selected from those normally used. Examples of components contained in such a liniment base include a mixture of 10 to 70 parts by weight of an alcohol (a monohydric alcohol such as ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol, a polyhydric alcohol such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or butylene glycol, etc.), 60 parts by weight or less of a fatty acid ester (various esters of adipic acid, sebacic acid, or myristic acid, etc.), and 10 parts by weight or less of a surfactant (a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, etc.), and by adding 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker to such a liniment base, the liniment of the present invention may be obtained. In addition, in the liniment of the present invention, a neutralizing agent for adjusting the pH, a thickening agent such as methyl cellulose, an irritation inhibitor, another additive (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyleneglycol salicylate, l-menthol, camphor, peppermint oil, red pepper extract, nonylic acid vanillylamide, crotamiton, Azone (registered trademark), propylene carbonate, diisopropyl adipate, etc.), etc. may be added as necessary.
The above-mentioned formulation examples and production examples are simply examples, and the liniment of the present invention can of course be obtained by a known production method for a liniment. Furthermore, with regard to the composition, by replacing a medicinal component of a known liniment with ketoprofen, etc., and adding a UVA blocker, the liniment of the present invention may easily be obtained.
Preferred embodiments of the bases and the formulation examples according to each form of the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention are explained above, but the preparation forms and the formulation examples are not limited to the above, and the order of mixing each component is not particularly limited either. For example, in the formulation of conventionally known eye drops or the formulation of a conventionally known aerosol, by replacing a medicinal component with 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the NSAID, and further adding 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of the UVA blocker, eye drops or an aerosol of the present invention may be obtained.
Furthermore, in the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention, an antioxidant may be added to the above-mentioned formulation. As such an antioxidant, a phenol derivative such as tert-butylhydroxyanisole, di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene, thymol, or propyl gallate, tocopherol and ester derivatives thereof, ascorbic acid and ester derivatives thereof, etc. are preferable. Such an antioxidant may be used singly or in a combination of two or more types. The proportion thereof is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0 to 10 wt % relative to the entire amount of the preparation, and more preferably 0 to 5 wt %.
The present invention is more specifically explained below by reference to Examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the Examples below. Furthermore, in the Examples below, ‘%’ means ‘wt %’ unless otherwise noted.
The experiment below was carried out in accordance with “Guidelines for basic biological tests of medical materials and device”, part VII “Hemolysis Test”. That is, each of test substances {4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DBM), terephthalylidene-3,3′-dicamphor-10,10′-disulfonic acid (TP-DCS), n-hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHB-BH)} and ketoprofen (KP) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and then diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to give a concentration of twice the test concentration. 1 mL fractions thereof were added to a 24-well multiwell plate, and to each was added 1 mL of PBS, to which had been added 40 μL of heparin-containing rabbit venous blood (whole blood) per 5 mL, to give a reaction solution. The final concentration of KP was 50 μg/mL. As a control, a well into which DMF alone was added instead of the test substance solution was prepared. A cover was removed from the plate into which the reaction solutions had been put, and it was irradiated at 37° C. with UVA at 7.5 J/cm2 using UV irradiation equipment (UVP Lamp Fixture, UVP). When irradiating with UV rays, a glass plate 3 mm in thickness was placed between a light source and the reaction solution, thus cutting out UV rays with a wavelength of 320 nm or less. The incubation time, including the irradiation time, was 60 minutes. After the reaction was completed it was centrifuged, 100 μL of the supernatant so obtained was placed in a 96-well assay plate, and absorbance at 540 nm (Abs540) was measured and used as a hemolysis index. The influence of each test substance on the photohemolysis reaction due to KP was evaluated using the Abs540, and a 50% inhibition dose (ID50 value) was calculated from a hemolysis inhibition rate (%) relative to the control group. The results obtained are given in Table 1.
As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, it has been confirmed that, in the external preparation for percutaneous administration containing ketoprofen as a medicinal component, adding a UVA blocker enables phototoxicity to be suppressed outstandingly.
The experiment below was carried out by partially refining the method of Gerberick et al., (Food Chem. Toxicol., 27, 813-819 (1989)). That is, a Balb/c mouse (female, 9 to 11 weeks old) was used as a test animal, each of the test substances {4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DBM), 2-ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzylidenedioxoimidazolidine propionate (DB-DIH), terephthalylidene-3,3′-dicamphor-10,10′-disulfonic acid (TP-DCS), n-hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHB-BH)} and 2% ketoprofen (KP) were dissolved in ethanol and applied to the auricle, and it was irradiated with UVA at 40 J/cm2. 24 hours after UVA irradiation, the ear thickness was measured, and an increase from the ear thickness prior to the start of the test was calculated. The effect in suppressing phototoxicity due to KP was evaluated for each test substance using as an index the degree of suppression of the increase in ear thickness due to KP, that is, the ear swelling suppression rate (%) toward the KP group. The results obtained are given in Table 2 and Table 3.
As is clear from Table 2 and Table 3, it has been confirmed that in the external preparation for percutaneous administration containing ketoprofen as a medicinal component, adding the UVA blocker enables phototoxicity to be suppressed outstandingly.
A KP photoallergy detection test was carried out by refining the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) proposed by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM). That is, a Balb/c mouse (female, 8 to 12 weeks old) was used as a test animal, a solution of a test substance {4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DBM)} and 2% ketoprofen (KP) prepared in acetone—olive oil (4:1, v/v) was applied to the back of the pinna, and it was irradiated with UVA at 20 J/cm2. This sensitization induction treatment was carried out for 3 days in succession. 5 days after starting the sensitization, 20 μCi per mouse of 3H-methyl thymidine (3H-TdR)/PBS solution was injected into the tail vein, and 5 hours later an auricular lymph node was removed. The removed lymph node was made into a single lymph cell suspension using a cell strainer, and after washing twice with PBS was then allowed to stand in a 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution at 4° C. overnight to thus make DNA precipitate. After the precipitate was suspended in 1 mL of 5% TCA solution, the radioactivity was measured using a liquid scintillation counter. The effect of the test substance in suppressing photoallergy due to KP was evaluated using as an index the degree of suppression of the increase in 3H-TdR uptake by KP, that is, the 3H-TdR uptake suppression rate (%) toward the KP group. The results obtained are given in Table 4.
3H-TdR Uptake
As is clear from the results in Table 4, it has been confirmed that, in the external preparation for percutaneous administration containing ketoprofen as a medicinal component, adding the UVA blocker enables photoallergy to be suppressed outstandingly.
A skin photoallergy test using a guinea pig was carried out by partially refining the Adjuvant and Strip Method of Sato et al., (The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology, 42, 831-837 (1980)). That is, the back of the neck of a Hartley white female guinea pig (a group of 8 animals) was depilated, an adjuvant was administered to four corners of 2×2 cm, a 2% ethanol solution of ketoprofen (KP) or a solution of 2% KP+2% test substance {4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM-DEM)} was openly applied to the 2×2 cm area, and 1 hour later it was irradiated with UVA (10 J/cm2). This sensitization induction treatment was carried out for 5 days in succession. 3 weeks after starting the sensitization, the back of the hip was depilated, the same solution as for the sensitization was openly applied to a 2×2 cm area, and 1 hour later it was irradiated with UVA (10 J/cm2) to thus carry out a photoinduction. A skin reaction 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation was evaluated in accordance with the above-mentioned criteria of Sato et al. The effect of BM-DBM in suppressing photoallergy due to KP was evaluated by erythema and swelling suppression rates (%) toward the KP group. The results obtained are given in Table 5.
As is clear from the results shown in Table 5, it has been confirmed that, in the external preparation for percutaneous administration containing ketoprofen as a medicinal component, adding the UVA blocker enables photoallergy to be suppressed outstandingly.
Formulation Examples of the external preparation for percutaneous administration of the present invention are now described, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the formulations below.
16 parts by weight of a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS5200P: manufactured by JSR), 10 parts by weight of polyisobutylene (L-100: manufactured by Exxon Mobil), 19 parts by weight of a petroleum resin (Arkon P-70: manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 45 parts by weight of a liquid paraffin (Crystol J-352: manufactured by Esso Petroleum Ltd.), and 1.99 parts by weight of a synthetic aluminum silicate were heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen gas while stirring to give a melt product (Step A). The temperature when stirring was 110° C. to 200° C., and the stirring time was 30 to 120 minutes. Subsequently, 3 parts by weight of crotamiton, 0.01 parts by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 2 parts by weight of ketoprofen, and 3 parts by weight of 1-menthol were added to the above melt product in a temperature range of 110° C. to 200° C. while stirring, and the mixture was mixed for 5 to 30 minutes to give a plaster base as a uniform melt product (Step B). After the base was spread at a weight of 1 g/70 cm2 on a silicone-treated polyester film, it was covered with a polyester woven fabric, compression-transferred, and cut into a desired size, thus giving a plaster of the present invention.
Preparation was carried out in the same manner as in Formulation Example 1 using the components and the proportions shown in Table 6, and plasters of the present invention were thus obtained.
50 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 25 parts by weight of methoxyethyl acrylate, 14.7 parts by weight of vinyl acetate, 0.3 parts by weight of azobisisobutyronitrile, 3 parts by weight of synthetic aluminum silicate, and 100 parts by weight of ethyl acetate were placed in a reaction vessel, a polymerization was started by heating to 65° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 10 hours, and it was further aged at 80° C. for 2 hours to give a copolymer solution. 5 parts by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane and 2 parts by weight of ketoprofen were added to the copolymer solution so obtained to give a plaster base as a uniform mixed solution. The base thus obtained was spread at a weight of 1 g/70 cm2 on a silicone-treated polyester film; after the ethyl acetate was evaporated by hot air it was covered with a polyester woven fabric, compression-transferred, and cut into a desired size, thus giving a plaster of the present invention.
45 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 25 parts by weight of methoxyethyl acrylate, 12 parts by weight of vinylpyrrolidone, 1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 3 parts by weight of synthetic aluminum silicate, 5 parts by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 5 parts by weight of di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene, and 100 parts by weight of ethyl acetate were placed in a reaction vessel, a polymerization was started by heating to 65° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen, the reaction was carried out for 10 hours, and it was further aged at 80° C. for 2 hours to give a copolymer solution. 4 parts by weight of ketoprofen was added to the copolymer solution so obtained to give a plaster base as a uniform mixed solution. The base thus obtained was spread at a weight of 1 g/70 cm2 on a silicone-treated polyester film; after the ethyl acetate was evaporated by hot air it was covered with a polyester woven fabric, compression-transferred, and cut into a desired size, thus giving a plaster of the present invention.
0.3 parts by weight of ketoprofen and 1 part by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane were mixed and dissolved in 0.5 parts by weight of crotamiton to thus give a uniform mixture A. Separately, 6 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate, 3 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid, 2 parts by weight of gelatin, and 1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were mixed and dispersed/dissolved in 20 parts by weight of glycerol, 5 parts by weight of sorbitol, and 59.6 parts by weight of water and, furthermore, 0.5 parts by weight of synthetic aluminum cinnamate, 0.1 parts by weight of dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate, 0.3 parts by weight of magnesium metasilicate aluminate, and 0.2 parts by weight of tartaric acid were added thereto to give a uniform paste B. Subsequently, the mixture A was added to and mixed with the paste B to give a uniform paste. After the paste so obtained was spread on a polyester nonwoven fabric, a polypropylene film was affixed thereon to give a poultice of the present invention.
Preparation was carried out in the same manner as in Formulation Example 13 using the components and the proportions shown in Table 7, and poultices of the present invention were obtained.
2 parts by weight of ketoprofen and 0.4 parts by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane were mixed with 4.7 parts by weight of diethyl sebacate and 4.4 parts by weight of glycerol monooleate at room temperature or with heating, 6.8 parts by weight of beeswax, 8.1 parts by weight of liquid paraffin, and 73.6 parts by weight of white petrolatum were added thereto, and the mixture was heated and maintained at 50° C. to 100° C. After all the components had become a transparent solution, they were mixed uniformly using a homomixer. Subsequently, by cooling the mixture so obtained to room temperature while stirring, an ointment of the present invention was obtained.
Preparation was carried out in the same manner as in Formulation Example 17 using the components and the proportions shown in Table 8, and ointments of the present invention were obtained.
1.8 parts by weight of a carboxyvinyl polymer was added to 30.2 parts by weight of purified water and swollen to give a swollen product A. Separately, 3 parts by weight of tiaprofenic acid, 2.5 parts by weight of isostearyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate, and 0.5 parts by weight of dibutylhydroxytoluene were dissolved in a mixture of 13.7 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 42.5 parts by weight of absolute ethanol to thus give a dissolved product B. Subsequently, the dissolved product B was added to the swollen product A, and 0.9 parts by weight of triethanolamine was then added thereto so as to adjust the pH, thus giving a gel of the present invention.
Preparation was carried out in the same manner as in Formulation Example 23 using the components and the proportions shown in Table 9, and gels of the present invention were obtained.
By mixing the components shown in Table 10 at the proportions shown in the same table, creams of the present invention were obtained.
By mixing the components shown in Table 11 at the proportions shown in the same table, liniments of the present invention were obtained.
As hereinbefore described, in accordance with the present invention, in the external preparation for percutaneous administration containing an NSAID as a medicinal component that might cause photosensitive dermatitis, it becomes possible to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects while more reliably preventing photosensitive dermatitis due to phototoxicity and photoallergy, and application as a pharmaceutical having very high safety is expected.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-311904 | Sep 2003 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10570785 | Jan 2007 | US |
| Child | 12793186 | US |
