Patent Application
20110200040
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Chinese Patent Application No. 201010120196.X filed Feb. 12, 2010 the entire contents of which are being incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to route determination in communication, and more specifically, to an extremum route determining engine and method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of communications, it is often needed to determine a shortest route in communication. This is especially true in multicasting routing and physical distribution route optimization with delay constraint. A route refers to a set of a plurality of continuous paths between two communication nodes possibly via intermediate nodes. A path refers to a direct passage between two communication nodes without intermediate nodes. There exists in the prior art a method of determining a shortest route mainly by software, which has a shortcoming that the processing speed of software implementation is slower. For a process that needs a plurality of steps to be performed, software must run respective software modules one by one; thus, processing speed is slower. Hardware can serially connect all the processing steps in a hardware circuit to directly output a result and thus has a faster processing speed. However, there lacks in the prior art knowledge about how to implement shortest route determination by hardware and what kind of existing device can be used for determining the shortest route.
An object of an embodiment of the invention is to improve the processing speed of extremum route determination.
In one aspect of the invention, an extremum route determining engine is provided. The extremum route determining engine includes a memory for storing a path with a weight in a graph, and an extremum route determining logic circuit. The extremum route determining logic circuit can include a path reading section for reading the path in the graph, a writing section for updating the weight of the read path according to a predetermined extremum requirement and writing the path whose weight is updated into the memory, and an extremum route determining section for determining an extremum route.
In a second aspect of the invention, an extremum route determining method is provided. The method includes reading a stored path in a graph, the path having a weight. The method further includes updating the weight of the read path and writing the path whose weight has been updated into a memory. Finally, the method also includes determining an extremum route.
An embodiment of the invention improves the processing speed of extremum route determination.
A basic idea according to an aspect of the invention is as follows: shortest route determination is implemented mainly by software in the prior art; although it is well known that hardware implementation can improve the processing speed of shortest route determination, there lacks in the prior art knowledge about how to implement shortest route determination by hardware and what kind of existing device can be used for determining the shortest route. The inventors found through long-term research that, the existing extremum route determining method model is similar to some processing rules in the generic regular expression engine. Therefore, by means of the existing generic regular expression engine, only a small amount of improvements are needed for implementing shortest route determination, which fills up blanks in the prior art of the knowledge about how to implement shortest route determination by hardware and what kind of existing device can be used for determining the shortest route, and improves the processing speed of shortest route determination. A detailed description of the invention is made in combination with the following embodiments.
For example, it is wanted to monitor if there is an illegal character string “abc” in the stream 101. The stream 101 enters one of the lanes 103 via the interface 102. All the BFSMs 104 attached to the lane co-operate with each other to check whether or not characters entering the lane match with a rule stored therein.
The character “a” in the stream 101 first enters a lane 103. The character string reading section 10405 searches in a rule table in the local application access memory 10402. Since the current state is 0 and the character is “a”, a rule of “0-a-1” is found. The character string reading section 10405 reads the rule and thus knows that the next state is 1.
Subsequently, the character “b” in the stream 101 enters the lane. The character string reading section 10405 searches in the rule table in the local application access memory 10402. The next state in the just read rule becomes the current state, so the current state is “1”. Since the character entering the lane is “b”, a rule of “1-b-3” is found. The character sting reading section 10405 reads the rule and thus knows that the next state is “3”.
Subsequently, the character “c” in the stream 101 enters the lane. The character string reading section 10405 searches in the rule table in the local application access memory 10402. The next state in the just read rule becomes the current state, so the current state is “3”. Since the character entering the lane is “c”, a rule of “3-c-4” is found. The character sting reading section 10405 reads the rule and thus knows that the next state is “4”.
The match determining circuit 10406 sets a reference value 4. The next state is equal to the reference value “4”, which means that the stream 101 contains an illegal character string “abc”. The regular expression engine alarms.
In the generic regular expression engine, there are the character string reading section 10405 and the match determining section 10406 for reading a character string and determining match, respectively, thereby identifying an illegal character string; extremum route determination generally also comprises processes of reading a path in a graph and determining an extremum route between two points. In addition, the generic regular expression engine has the following rules: using the character as a transition from the current state to the next state; when determining the extremum route, each route in the graph being also regarded as a weight as a transition from the current node to a next node. Therefore, extremum route determination is very similar to match identification in the generic regular expression engine. The extremum route determining engine according to an embodiment of the invention completely can make a simple improvement on the existing structure of the generic regular expression engine, to thereby improve the processing speed of the extremum route determination with a low cost.
Although
The local memory 40101 adopts the local application access memory 10402 in the generic regular expression engine. The cache 40102 adopts the local cache 10403 in the generic regular expression engine. The path reading section 40106 adopts the character string reading section 10405 in the generic regular expression engine, and changes the corresponding character string reading section into the path reading function to be described in detail below. The extremum route determining section 40107 adopts the match determining section 10406 in the generic regular expression engine, and changes the corresponding match determining function into the extremum route determining function to be described in detail below. Therefore, through making improvement on the basis of the generic regular expression engine and adding a writing section 40109, an embodiment of the invention is implemented.
The rule in
A graph is stored in advance in the graph storing area 40111 in
1) 1-(3)->2
2) 1-(10)->3
3) 2-(8)->4
4) 2-(2)->3
5) 3-(1)->5
6) 4-(2)->6
7) 5-(2)->6.
By taking the first path for example, “1-(3)->2” represents that, the current node is 1, the weight is 3, and the next node is 1.
The extremum path determining engine 401 shown in
After the first clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401 via the interface 102, the path reading section 40106 reads the first path “1-(3)->2” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 1 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, no processing is made. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 2 in the first path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, the first path is written into the line corresponding to the node 2. As shown in Table S(1, 2) of
As another embodiment, the path table in
Subsequently, the second clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the second path “1-(10)->3” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 1 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, no processing is made. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 3 in the second path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, the second path is written into the line corresponding to the node 3. As shown in Table S1(1, 2) of
The Table S1(1,2) is a path table that is written in response to the first and second clock pulses. Of course, a path table written in response to the first clock pulse and a path table written in response to the second clock pulse can be shown respectively.
In the present embodiment, the path reading section 40106 reads a path from the graph in response to receipt of a clock pulse. However, it is known to those skilled in the art that, as another embodiment, the path reading section 40106 can read two or more paths from the graph in response to receipt of two or more clock pulses. As another embodiment, the path reading section 40106 can read one path from the graph in response to receipt of two or more clock pulses.
Subsequently, the third clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the third path “2-(8)->4” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 2 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 8 of the read third path is added to the weight 3 of the path in the line corresponding to the node 2. Then, the weight of the third path becomes 11, which shows that the weight from the node 1 to the node 4 is 11. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 4 in the third path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, the third path is written into the line corresponding to the node 4. As shown in Table S2(3) of
Subsequently, the fourth clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the fourth path “2-(2)->3” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 2 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 2 of the read fourth path is added to the weight 3 of the path in the line corresponding to the node 2. Then, the weight of the fourth path becomes 5, which shows that the weight from the node 2 to the node 3 is 5. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 3 in the fourth path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 10 in the line corresponding to the node 3 is compared with the weight 5 of the fourth path. Since 5 is less than 10, the fourth path is written into the line corresponding to the node 3. As shown in Table S3(4) of
Subsequently, the fifth clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the fifth path “3-(1)->5” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 3 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 1 of the read fifth path is added to the weight 5 of the path in the line corresponding to the node 3. Then, the weight of the fifth path becomes 6, which shows that the weight from the node 3 to the node 5 is 6. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 5 in the fifth path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, the fifth path is written into the line corresponding to the node 5. As shown in Table S4(5) of
Subsequently, the six clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the sixth path “4-(2)->6” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 4 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 2 of the read six path is added to the weight 11 of the path in the line corresponding to the node 4. Then, the weight of the sixth path becomes 13, which shows that the weight from the node 4 to the node 6 is 13. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 6 in the six path. If a result of the judgment is “No”, the sixth path is written into the line corresponding to the node 6. As shown in Table S5(6) of
Subsequently, the seventh clock pulse enters the extremum path determining engine 401. The path reading section 40106 reads the seventh path “5-(2)->6” from the graph stored in the graph storing area. The writing section 40109 judges whether or not there stores in the path table a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the current node 5 in the path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 2 of the read seventh path is added to the weight 6 of the path in the line corresponding to the node 5. Then, the weight of the seventh path becomes 8, which shows that the weight from the node 5 to the node 6 is 8. Then it is judged whether or not there stores a complete path including the current node, the weight and the previous node in a line corresponding to the next node 6 in the seventh path. If a result of the judgment is “Yes”, the weight 13 in the line corresponding to the node 6 is compared with the weight 8 of the seventh path. Since 8 is less than 13, the seventh path is written into the line corresponding to the node 6. As shown in Table S6(7) of
Since the writing section 40109 writes all the paths in the graph, the extremum route determining section 40107 determines an extremum route according to the path table S6(7) stored in the memory. For example, the shortest route between the node 1 and the node 4 is determined as follows: in the Table S6(7), the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 4 is 2, the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 2 is 1, so the shortest route between the node 1 and the node 4 is 1-2-4. Again for example, the shortest route between the node 1 and the node 6 is determined as follows: in the Table S6(7), the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 6 is 5, the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 5 is 3, the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 3 is 2, and the previous node in the path stored in the line corresponding to the node 2 is 1, so the shortest route between the node 1 and the node 6 is 1-2-3-5-6.
The shortest route between two nodes can be determined as above. According to another embodiment of the invention, a longest route between two nodes can also be determined. The shortest route and the longest route are collectively referred to extremum route. In a scenario where a longest route between two nodes shall be determined, e.g. in order to release upgraded software between two nodes, it requires that the upgraded software is obtained by as many as nodes between the two nodes. The method of determining the longest route between two nodes differs from the method of determining the shortest route between two nodes in that, if there stores a path in a line corresponding to a next node in the read path, the writing section compares the weight in the read path to the weight in the path stored in the line corresponding to the next node, and writes the larger rather than the smaller into the line corresponding to the next node. Still by taking the process from S2(3) to S3(4) for example, after comparing the weight 10 in the line corresponding to the node 3 to the weight 5 of the fourth path, since 5 is less than 10, the line corresponding to the node 3 is not changed. That is, in the line corresponding to the node 3, the weight still is 10, and the weight of the previous node is still 1.
For the convenience of search, the Tables S(1,2)-S6(7) in
In the above embodiment, only the extremum route from the node 1 to other nodes can be determined from the Table S6(7). However, in another embodiment, path tables starting from the node 2, the node 3 and etc. can be made. In this way, an extremum route between any two nodes in the graph can be determined from the stored route tables.
In the above embodiment, the table S6(7) is made in advance and is stored in the table storing area 40112. However, in another embodiment, the table is made not in advance but in response to a request from the user to calculate an extremum route between two nodes. Therefore, after receiving the user's inputs regarding a start point and an end point, it is needed to perform the processes of path reading, writing and extremum route determining similar to S1(1,2) through S6(7) in
Furthermore, in another embodiment, only a part of the tables in
It can be apparently seen from
According to another embodiment, the path reading section 40106 reads a path from the graph according to Depth-first rather than Breadth-first. The rule of Depth first is as follows: after reading a path starting from any node, continuing to read a subsequent path of the path until no path can be read; if no subsequently path can be read, re-determining from the previous node of the path if other un-read paths can be read along the previous node.
According to this rule, the order of reading a path from the graph in
1) 1-(3)-→2
2) 2-(8)-→4
3) 4-(2)-→6
4) 2-(2)-→3
5) 3-(1)-→5
6) 5-(2)-→6
7) 1-(10)-→3
It can be seen that, if starting from the node 1, passing nodes 2, 4, finally arriving at node 6 and finding no subsequent paths, come back to node 4 to consider if there are other subsequent paths; since there are no subsequent paths starting from the node 4, come back to the node 2 to obtain three paths from the node 2, via nodes 3, 5, finally to the node 6; finally come back to the node 1 to obtain a path from the node 1 to the node 3.
As shown in
The writing section 40109 according to an embodiment of the invention can be implemented by hardware in
Any combination of one or more computer usable or computer readable medium(s) can be utilized to perform software parts of an embodiment of this invention. The computer usable or computer readable medium can be, for example, but not confined to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission medium supporting for example the Internet or Intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer usable or computer readable medium even can be paper or other suitable medium on which programs are printed, and this is because the programs can be obtained electronically by electrically scanning the paper or other medium, and then be compiled, interpreted or processed appropriately, and be stored in a computer memory if necessary. In the context of this document, a computer usable or computer readable storage medium can be any medium that contains, stores, communicates, propagates, or transmits a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer useable medium can include a data signal with computer usable program code embodied therein, propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The computer usable program code can be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not confined to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection can be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the blocks of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams.
These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the functions/acts specified in the blocks of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams.
The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the blocks of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams.
The flowchart illustrations and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams can represent a module, program segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks can occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession can, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks can sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be confining of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadcast interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201010120196.X | Feb 2010 | CN | national |
