Patent Application
20240052264
The present invention relates to fabric conditioner compositions comprising carbon from carbon capture.
Fabric conditioners may comprise ingredients comprising ethoxylate groups, such as alcohol ethoxylates and polyethylene glycol ingredients.
Fragrance performance is an essential feature for fabric conditioners. Many consumers judge the efficacy of the product based on perfume performance. Perfume performance may be judged on the product in the bottle, on wet fabrics, while drying, on dry fabrics, when folding and putting away, when wearing, or any combination of these touch points. Fragrance performance may be judged by quantity of fragrance, longevity or quality.
Stability is also an important feature of fabric conditioners. Instability is indicated by separation, increased or decreased viscosity, a change in the fragrance, flocculation of microcapsules or a change in the aesthetics, such as a colour change.
Finally, the aesthetics of the fabric conditioner are important. In particular the colour of the product. Aesthetics and stability are very closely linked; poor aesthetics can indicate poor stability. Equally aesthetics can be linked to the fragrance composition within a product.
There is a need to further improve fabric conditioners fragrance performance, aesthetics and/or stability.
In addition to the need for improved fabric conditioners, there is a growing need to address climate change, in particular greenhouse gases. There is a need to slow the rate at which carbon containing gases enter the atmosphere. In light of this, some consumers prefer so called ‘eco-friendly’ products which have a reduced impact on the environment. However often consumers associate ‘eco-friendly’ products reduced efficacy. Equally consumers can find it difficult to understand in tangible terms, the positive impact a product may have on the environment.
In view of the above, there remains a need for fabric conditioner compositions with a good environmental profile without compromising consumer satisfaction in terms of fragrance, stability, aesthetics and/or softening performance.
We have found that the fabric conditioner compositions described herein, comprising an ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture, provide an improved environmental profile while maintaining or improving consumer satisfaction. In particular, a difference in fragrance profile is provided when an ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture are included in a fabric conditioner composition. The difference in fragrance profile allows the consumer to identify a more environmentally friendly product and allows the producer the simplicity of continuing to use the same fragrance, but achieving a different fragrance profile. Viscosity may also be improved leading to a lower product viscosity. Without wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that improvements in the fabric conditioner are a consequence of the ingredients comprising carbon atoms from carbon capture.
In one aspect of the present invention is provided a fabric conditioner composition comprising:
The invention further relates to a method of preparing a fabric conditioner composition, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
The invention additionally relates to a use of a fabric conditioner composition as described herein to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
These and other aspects, features and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description and the appended claims. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of the present invention may be utilised in any other aspect of the invention. The word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “composed of.” In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive. It is noted that the examples given in the description below are intended to clarify the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to those examples per se. Similarly, all percentages are weight/weight percentages unless otherwise indicated. Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word “about”. Numerical ranges expressed in the format “from x to y” are understood to include x and y. When for a specific feature multiple preferred ranges are described in the format “from x to y”, it is understood that all ranges combining the different endpoints are also contemplated.
The term ‘virgin fossil fuels’ refers to fossil fuel sources (coal, crude oil, natural gas) which have not been used for any other purpose, i.e. has not been burnt for energy, or is not the waste gas from an industrial process.
The term ‘biomass’ refers to organic mass derived from plant materials and/or microorganisms (such as algae/microalgae/fungi/bacteria). Biomass includes, plant materials, agricultural residues/waste, forestry residues/waste, municipal waste provided this excludes fossil, yard waste, manufacturing waste, landfill waste, sewage sludge, paper and pulp etc. and the like.
The compositions described herein comprise ingredients comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture. To obtain these ingredients from carbon capture, carbon must be captured, separated (where required) and utilised or transformed into an ingredient for use in a fabric conditioner. The capture, separation and transformation may happen in one continuous process or may be separate steps which may be carried out at different locations.
Carbon capture refers to the capture or sequestration of C1 carbon molecules (e.g. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane or methanol). By capturing the carbon molecules, they are removed from or prevented from entering the environment. Carbon sourced from carbon capture contrasts with carbon from virgin fossil fuels (crude oil, natural gas, etc.), in that captured carbon has already been used at least once; for example captured carbon may have been burned to produce energy and is captured to enable a second use of the carbon, whereas carbon from virgin fossil fuels have been extracted for that singular purpose. Captured carbon may equally be obtained from non-fossil fuel carbon emitters, such as biomass energy plants, brewery gases from fermentation (e.g. of wheat), burning of biomass fuels (e.g. vegetable oil, biogas or bio-ethanol). By capturing and utilising carbon, carbon can be used again, leading to less carbon in the atmosphere and reduced use of virgin fossil fuels. In other words by capturing carbon either already in the atmosphere or before it enters the atmosphere, the nett reliance on virgin fossil fuels to produce homecare products is reduced. The carbon captured may be in any physical state, preferably as a gas.
C1 carbon capture can be used to help reduce/prevent net release of CO2 in the environment and thereby forms a valuable tool to address climate change. When the C1 carbons captured are derived from combusted fossil sources then the immediate CO2 released can be reduced. When C1 carbons are derived directly from the atmosphere or from bio-sources there may even be a net immediate reduction in atmospheric CO2 Carbon capture may be point source carbon capture or direct carbon capture. Direct carbon capture refers to capturing carbon from the air, where it is significantly diluted with other atmospheric gases. Point source carbon capture refers to the capture of carbon at the point of release into the atmosphere. Point source carbon capture may be implemented for example at steal works, fossil fuel or biomass energy plants, ammonia manufacturing facilities, cement factories, etc. These are examples of stationary point source carbon capture. Alternatively, the point source carbon capture may be mobile, for example attached to a vehicle and capturing the carbon in the exhaust gases. Point source carbon capture may be preferable due to the efficiency of capturing the carbon in a high concentration. Preferably, the carbon is captured from a point source. More preferably the carbon is captured from a fossil fuel based point source, i.e. carbon captured from an industry utilising fossil fuels.
There are various methods of capturing carbon from industrial processes, examples include:
Once a source of carbon has been captured, the carbon molecules need to be isolated from the other chemicals with which they may be mixed. For example, oxygen, water vapour, nitrogen etc. In some point source processes this step may not be required since a pure source of carbon is captured. Separation may involve biological separation, chemical separation, absorption, adsorption, gas separation membranes, diffusion, rectification or condensation or any combination thereof.
A common method of separation is absorption or carbon scrubbing with amines. Carbon dioxide is absorbed onto a metal-organic framework or through liquid amines, leaving a low carbon gas which can be released into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide can be removed from the metal-organic framework or liquid amines, for example by using heat or pressure.
C1 carbon molecules sourced from carbon capture and suitably separated from other gases are available from many industrial sources. Suitable suppliers include Ineos.
Capturing carbon directly from the air may for example involve passing air over a solvent which physically or chemically binds the C1 molecules. Solvents include strongly alkaline hydroxides such as potassium or sodium hydroxide. For example, air may be passed over a solution of potassium hydroxide to form a solution of potassium carbonate. The carbonate solution is purified and separated to provide a pure CO2 gas. This method may also be employed in point source capture. An example of a direct air capture process is that employed by carbon engineering.
Once the C1 carbon molecules have been capture and separated, they can then be transformed into useful ingredients for use in a fabric conditioner.
Various methods may be used to transform the captured C1 molecules to useful components. The methods may involve chemical process or biological processes, such as microbial fermentation, preferably gas-fermentation.
Preferably the C1 molecules are transformed into:
These can be converted further to make the components of surfactants, using well known chemistries e.g. chain growth reactions etc to: longer chain alkenes/olefins, alkanes, longer chain alcohols, aromatics and ethylene, ethylene oxide which is an excellent starter chemical for various ingredients. Preferably the C1 molecules are transformed into short chain intermediates, more preferably ethanol, ethylene or ethylene oxide.
i. Short Chain Intermediates:
One suitable example of transformation is a process in which a reactor converts carbon dioxide, water and electricity to methanol or ethanol and oxygen i.e. electrolysis. An example of this process is provided by Opus 12. Suitable processes are disclosed in WO21252535, WO17192787, WO20132064, WO20146402, WO19144135 and WO20112919.
An alternate suitable example of transformation is the conversion of carbon dioxide to ethanol using a catalyst of copper nanoparticles embedded in carbon spikes.
An alternate suitable example of transformation is the use of biological transformation which involves fermentation of the C1 carbon by micro-organisms such as C1-fixing bacteria to useful chemicals. This is alternatively known as gas fermentation, which is defined as the microbial conversion of gaseous substrates (e.g. CO, CO2, and CH4) to larger molecules.
The ability of micro-organisms to grow on CO as a sole carbon source was first discovered in 1903. This was later determined to be a property of organisms that use the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) biochemical pathway of autotrophic growth (also known as the Woods-Ljungdahl pathway and the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) pathway). A large number of anaerobic organisms including carboxydotrophic, photosynthetic, methanogenic and acetogenic organisms have been shown to metabolize CO to various end products, namely CO2, H2, methane, n-butanol, acetate and ethanol. Preferably anaerobic bacteria such as those from the genus Clostridium are used to produce ethanol from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen via the acetyl CoA biochemical pathway. There are a variety of microorganisms that can be used in a fermentation processes, particularly preferred are anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium ljungdahlii strain PETC or ERI2, which can be used to produce ethanol.
Exemplary gas fermentation processes are, but not limited to, syngas fermentation and aerobic methane fermentation as described (B. Geinitz et. al. Gas Fermentation Expands the Scope of a Process Network for Material Conversion. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. Vol 92, Issue 11, p. 1665-1679). The microbes with the ability to convert CO and CO2 fall primarily into the group of anaerobic acetogenic bacteria or aerobic carboxydotrophic bacteria, those able to convert methane are methanotrophs, which are usually aerobic methanothrophic bacteria. In this sense the term ‘gas fermentation’ is used loosely and includes the aerobic or anaerobic microbial or enzymatic conversion of organic matter preferably by syngas fermentation and aerobic methane fermentation.
Gas-fermentation can include multi-stage fermentation, mixed fermentation, co-cultivation, mixotrophy and thermophilic production. Multi-stage fermentation can broaden the portfolio of products obtained together with higher end-product concentrations. Mixed fermentation may help some strains to detoxify the environment from a toxic compound or reduce the concentration of a certain product allowing for a more efficient conversion of the gas or increased product yield (e.g. by a second strain). Mixotrophy is the use of two or more carbon/electron sources simultaneously by some microorganisms, where for example both CO2 and organic substrates such as sugars are utilized together. Thermophilic production (gas-fermentation at elevated temperatures by thermophilic strains, such as carboxydotrophic thermophiles) offers the advantages of reducing the risk of contamination. The gas-fermentation cultures may be defined or undefined, but preferably are in part or in the whole defined. Use of defined cultures offers the benefit of improved gas-fermentation end-product control.
Preferably the C1 molecules are transformed to short chain intermediates by gas fermentation. More preferably the C1 molecules are transformed to ethanol, ethylene or ethylene oxide by gas fermentation.
ii. Hydrocarbon Intermediates:
One suitable example is the Fischer-Tropsch process. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be chemically transformed to liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process, using hydrogen and a metal catalysis. Carbon dioxide feedstocks must first be converted to carbon monoxide by a reverse water gas shift reaction.
An alternate method for transformation into hydrocarbon intermediates solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion reactions. These are a one-step conversion of carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and hydrocarbons using a photothermochemical flow reactor.
Further examples of carbon capture technologies suitable to generate the ethanol stock for use in manufacturing ethoxy sub-units for use in the surfactants described herein are disclosed in WO 2007/117157, WO 2018/175481, WO 2019/157519 and WO 2018/231948.
The compositions described herein comprise ingredients comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture. Preferably the compositions comprise 0.05 to 10 wt. % ingredients comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture, more preferably 0.1 to 5 wt. % and most preferably 0.1 to 4 wt. % ingredients comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture by weight of the composition.
The carbon derived from carbon capture may be found anywhere within the chemical structure of the ingredient molecule. Preferably the carbon derived from carbon capture forms part of an alkyl chain or an ethoxylate group, preferably an ethoxylate group. Preferably at least 50 wt. % of the carbon atoms are obtained from carbon capture, more preferably at least 70 wt. % and most preferably all of the carbon atoms are obtained from carbon capture. Preferably, less than 90 wt. %, preferably less than 10 wt. % of the carbon atoms within the ingredient are obtained directly from virgin fossil fuels.
Where the carbon derived from carbon capture is located in an alkyl chain, preferably on average at least 50 wt % of the carbons in the alkyl chain are derived from carbon capture, more preferably at least 70 wt %, most preferably all of the carbons in the alkyl chain are derived from carbon capture.
As described above, suitable carbon chains can be obtained from a Fischer-Tropsh reaction. The feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch may be 100% carbon obtained from carbon capture or may be a mixture of carbon from different sources. For example, carbon gases from natural gas could be used, although this is not preferable. Preferably the alkyl chain comprises less than 10 wt. % carbon obtained directly from virgin fossil fuels more preferably the alky chain comprises no carbon obtained directly from virgin fossil fuels.
Alternatively the alkyl chain may be a combination of alkyl groups from carbon capture and alky groups from triglycerides, preferably triglycerides are obtained from plants, such as palm, rice, rice bran, sunflower, coconut, rapeseed, maze, soy, cottonseed, olive oil, etc.
Where the carbon derived from carbon capture is located on an ethoxylate group, preferably on average at least 50 wt. % of the ethoxylate carbons in the molecule are derived from carbon capture, more preferably at least 70 wt %, most preferably all the ethoxylate carbons in the molecule are derived from carbon capture. In a single ethoxylate monomer, one or both carbons may be carbons obtained from carbon capture, preferably both carbons are carbons obtained from carbon capture. Preferably, more than 10 wt. %, preferably more than 90 wt. % of the ethoxylate groups comprise carbon atoms obtained from carbon capture based sources. Alternate sources of carbon include plant based carbon, for example ethanol obtained from the fermentation of sugar and starch (i.e. ‘bio’ ethanol). The ethoxylate groups may comprise carbons from virgin fossil fuels, however this is not preferable. Preferably, less than 90 wt. %, preferably less than 10 wt. % of the ethoxylate groups comprise carbon atoms obtained directly from virgin fossil fuels.
To produce ethoxylates from carbon capture, first ethanol produced as outlined above is dehydrated to ethylene. This is a common industrial process. The ethylene is then oxidised to form ethylene oxide.
Depending on the desired material, different routes are available.
If an alcohol ethoxylate is desired, the ethylene oxide can be reacted with a long chain fatty alcohol via a polymerisation type reaction. This process is commonly referred to as ethoxylation and gives rise to alcohol ethoxylates. Preferably the long chain fatty alcohol comprises carbon from carbon capture and/or from a plant source. More preferably the long chain fatty alcohol comprises only carbon from carbon capture and/or from a plant source. Most preferably and fatty alcohol comprises only carbon from carbon capture.
If a polyethylene glycol is desired, the ethylene oxide can be polymerised, for example in the presence of water and a catalyst to yield a polyethylene glycol chain.
Preferably all carbons within the ingredient molecule are derived from a plant source or carbon capture. Most preferably, all carbons are derived from carbon capture.
Preferably the ingredients comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture is selected from alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene glycols and materials substituted with polyethylene glycols.
Alcohol ethoxylates have the general formula:
R—Y—(C2H4O)z—CH2—CH2—OH
Wherein R is an alkyl chain. When the ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture is an alcohol ethoxylate, the carbon obtained from carbon capture may be located in the alky chain or the ethoxylate group. Preferably both the alkyl chain and ethoxylate comprise carbon obtained from carbon capture.
R is preferably 8 to 60, more preferably 10 to 25, even more preferably 12 to 20 and most preferably 16-18.
Y is selected from:
—O—, —C(O)O—, —C(O)N(R)— or —C(O)N(R)R—
and is preferably —O—
Z is preferably 2 to 100, more preferably 5 to 50, most preferably 10 to 40, calculated as a molar average.
Particularly preferably R is 16-18 and Z is 20-30.
These ingredients are particularly advantageous in so called dilute at home products. Dilute at home products are concentrated fabric conditioners which the consumers purchase in a concentrated form and dilute with water prior to use. In a dilute at home product, these ingredients aid the spontaneous mixing on the concentrated product and water, when the consumer dilutes at home.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have a general formula:
n is preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 100, even more preferably 2 to 40, 2 to 30 and most preferably 2 to 20.
The weight average molecular weight of the PEG is preferably 100 to 1000, more preferably 100 to 800, most preferably 100 to 600.
The PEG may solely comprise carbon from carbon capture or may comprise carbon from carbon capture in combination with carbon from other sources, as described above.
Materials Substituted with Polyethylene Glycols:
These are materials obtained by the reaction of PEG or ethylene oxide with another ingredient. For example, the reaction of ethylene oxide and castor oil results in a PEG hydrogenated castor oil.
Preferably these materials are hydrogenated castor oils. Preferably the castor oil is hydrogenated with 10 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably 20 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide. A particularly preferable ingredient is PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil.
The percentage modern carbon (pMC) level is based on measuring the level of radiocarbon (C14) which is generated in the upper atmosphere from where it diffuses, providing a general background level in the air. The level of C14, once captured (e.g. by biomass) decreases over time, in such a way that the amount of C14 is essentially depleted after 45,000 years. Hence the C14 level of fossil-based carbons, as used in the conventional petrochemical industry is virtually zero.
A pMC value of 100% biobased or biogenic carbon would indicate that 100% of the carbon came from plants or animal by-products (biomass) living in the natural environment (or as captured from the air) and a value of 0% would mean that all of the carbon was derived from petrochemicals, coal and other fossil sources. A value between 0-100% would indicate a mixture. The higher the value, the greater the proportion of naturally sourced components in the material, even though this may include carbon captured from the air.
The pMC level can be determined using the % Biobased Carbon Content ASTM D6866-20 Method B, using a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) modern reference standard (SRM 4990C). Such measurements are known in the art are performed commercially, such as by Beta Analytic Inc. (USA). The technique to measure the C14 carbon level is known since decades and most known from carbon-dating archaeological organic findings.
The particular method used by Beta Analytic Inc., which is the preferred method to determine pMC includes the following:
Radiocarbon dating is performed by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The AMS measurement is done on graphite produced by hydrogen reduction of the CO2 sample over a cobalt catalyst. The CO2 is obtained from the combustion of the sample at 800° C.+ under a 100% oxygen atmosphere. The CO2 is first dried with methanol/dry ice then collected in liquid nitrogen for the subsequent graphitization reaction. The identical reaction is performed on reference standards, internal QA samples, and backgrounds to ensure systematic chemistry. The pMC result is obtained by measuring sample C14/C13 relative to the C14/C13 in Oxalic Acid II (NIST-4990C) in one of Beta Analytic's multiple in-house particle accelerators using SNICS ion source. Quality assurance samples are measured along with the unknowns and reported separately in a “QA report”. The radiocarbon dating lab requires results for the QA samples to fall within expectations of the known values prior to accepting and reporting the results for any given sample. The AMS result is corrected for total fractionation using machine graphite d13C. The d13C reported for the sample is obtained by different ways depending upon the sample material. Solid organics are sub-sampled and converted to CO2 with an elemental analyzer (EA). Water and carbonates are acidified in a gas bench to produce CO2. Both the EA and the gas bench are connected directly to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The IRMS performs the separation and measurement of the CO2 masses and calculation of the sample d13C.
In one embodiment, the ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture comprises carbons from point source carbon capture. These ingredients preferably have a pMC of 0 to 10%.
In an alternate embodiment, the ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture comprises carbons from direct air capture. These ingredients preferably have a pMC of 90 to 100%.
The fabric conditioners described herein comprise a fabric softening active. The fabric softening actives may be any material known to soften fabrics. These may be polymeric materials or compounds known to soften materials. Examples of suitable fabric softening actives include: quaternary ammonium compounds, silicone polymers, polysaccharides, clays, amines, fatty esters, dispersible polyolefins, polymer latexes and mixtures thereof.
The fabric softening actives may preferably be cationic or non-ionic materials. Preferably, the fabric softening actives of the present invention are cationic materials. Suitable cationic fabric softening actives are described herein.
The preferred softening actives for use in fabric conditioner compositions of the invention are quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC).
The QAC preferably comprises at least one chain derived from fatty acids, more preferably at least two chains derived from a fatty acids. Generally fatty acids are defined as aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having a chain of 4 to 28 carbons. Fatty acids may be derived from various sources such as tallow or plant sources. Preferably the fatty acid chains are derived from plants. Preferably the fatty acid chains of the QAC comprise from 10 to 50 wt. % of saturated C18 chains and from 5 to 40 wt. % of monounsaturated C18 chains by weight of total fatty acid chains. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid chains of the QAC comprise from 20 to 40 wt. %, preferably from 25 to 35 wt. % of saturated C18 chains and from 10 to 35 wt. %, preferably from 15 to 30 wt. % of monounsaturated C18 chains, by weight of total fatty acid chains.
The preferred quaternary ammonium fabric softening actives for use in compositions of the present invention are so called “ester quats” or ester linked quaternary ammonium compounds. Particularly preferred materials are the ester-linked triethanolamine (TEA) quaternary ammonium compounds comprising a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-ester linked components.
Typically, TEA-based fabric softening compounds comprise a mixture of mono, di- and tri ester forms of the compound where the di-ester linked component comprises no more than 70 wt. % of the fabric softening compound, preferably no more than 60 wt. % e.g. no more than 55%, or even no more that 45% of the fabric softening compound and at least 10 wt. % of the monoester linked component.
A first group of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) suitable for use in the present invention is represented by formula (I):
wherein each R is independently selected from a C5 to C35 alkyl or alkenyl group; R1 represents a C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl or a C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl group; T may be either O—CO. (i.e. an ester group bound to R via its carbon atom), or may alternatively be CO—O (i.e. an ester group bound to R via its oxygen atom); n is a number selected from 1 to 4; m is a number selected from 1, 2, or 3; and X— is an anionic counter-ion, such as a halide or alkyl sulphate, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate. Di-esters variants of formula I (i.e. m=2) are preferred and typically have mono- and tri-ester analogues associated with them. Such materials are particularly suitable for use in the present invention. Suitable actives include soft quaternary ammonium actives such as Stepantex VT90, Rewoquat WE18 (ex-Evonik) and Tetranyl L1/90N, Tetranyl L190 SP and Tetranyl L190 S (all ex-Kao).
Also suitable are actives rich in the di-esters of triethanolammonium methylsulfate, otherwise referred to as “TEA ester quats”.
Commercial examples include Preapagen™ TQL (ex-Clariant), and Tetranyl™ AHT-1 (ex-Kao), (both di-[hardened tallow ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate), AT-1 (di-[tallow ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate), and L5/90 (di-[palm ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate), (both ex-Kao), and Rewoquat™ WE15 (a di-ester of triethanolammonium methylsulfate having fatty acyl residues deriving from C10-C20 and C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids) (ex-Evonik).
A second group of QACs suitable for use in the invention is represented by formula (II):
wherein each R1 group is independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or C2 to C4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R2 group is independently selected from C8 to C28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; and wherein n, T, and X— are as defined above.
Preferred materials of this second group include 1,2 bis[tallowoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride, 1,2 bis[hardened tallowoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride, 1,2-bis[oleoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride, and 1,2 bis[stearoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride. Such materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180 (Lever Brothers). Preferably, these materials also comprise an amount of the corresponding mono-ester.
A third group of QACs suitable for use in the invention is represented by formula (III):
(R′)2—N+—[(CH2)n-T-R2]2X− (III)
wherein each R1 group is independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl, or C2 to C4 alkenyl groups; and wherein each R2 group is independently selected from C8 to C28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; and n, T, and X— are as defined above. Preferred materials of this third group include bis(2-tallowoyloxyethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, partially hardened and hardened versions thereof.
A particular example of the fourth group of QACs is represented the by the formula (IV):
A fourth group of QACs suitable for use in the invention are represented by formula (V)
R1 and R2 are independently selected from C10 to C22 alkyl or alkenyl groups, preferably C14 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl groups. X— is as defined above.
The iodine value of the quaternary ammonium fabric conditioning material is preferably from 0 to 80, more preferably from 0 to 60, and most preferably from 0 to 45. The iodine value may be chosen as appropriate. Essentially saturated material having an iodine value of from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 1 may be used in the compositions of the invention. Such materials are known as “hardened” quaternary ammonium compounds.
A further preferred range of iodine values is from 20 to 60, preferably 25 to 50, more preferably from 30 to 45. A material of this type is a “soft” triethanolamine quaternary ammonium compound, preferably triethanolamine di-alkylester methylsulfate. Such ester-linked triethanolamine quaternary ammonium compounds comprise unsaturated fatty chains.
If there is a mixture of quaternary ammonium materials present in the composition, the iodine value, referred to above, represents the mean iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compounds or fatty acids of all the quaternary ammonium materials present. Likewise, if there are any saturated quaternary ammonium materials present in the composition, the iodine value represents the mean iodine value of the parent acyl compounds of fatty acids of all of the quaternary ammonium materials present.
Iodine value as used in the context of the present invention refers to, the fatty acid used to produce the QAC, the measurement of the degree of unsaturation present in a material by a method of nmr spectroscopy as described in Anal. Chem., 34, 1136 (1962) Johnson and Shoolery.
A further type of softening compound may be a non-ester quaternary ammonium material represented by formula (VI):
wherein each R1 group is independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or C2 to C4 alkenyl groups; R2 group is independently selected from C8 to C28 alkyl or alkenyl groups, and X— is as defined above.
Preferably the fabric conditioners of the present invention comprise more than 1 wt. % fabric softening active, more preferably more than 2 wt. % fabric softening active, most preferably more than 3 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition. Preferably the fabric conditioners of the present invention comprise less than 40 wt. % fabric softening active, more preferably less than 30 wt. % fabric softening active, most preferably less than 25 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition. Suitably the fabric conditioners comprise 1 to 40 wt. % fabric softening active, preferably 2 to 30 wt. % fabric softening active and more preferably 3 to 25 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition.
The fabric conditioners described herein may be so called dilute at home fabric conditioners. These are fabric conditioner compositions which are sold in a concentrated form. The consumer then dilutes the composition at home prior to use of the composition. If the fabric conditioner is a concentrated dilute at home composition, preferably the fabric conditioners comprise more than 10 wt. % fabric softening active, more preferably more than 15 wt. % fabric softening active, most preferably more than 20 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition. Preferably the fabric conditioners of the present invention comprise less than 50 wt. % fabric softening active, more preferably less than 45 wt. % fabric softening active, most preferably less than 40 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition. Suitably concentrated fabric conditioners for dilute at home comprise 10 to 50 wt. % fabric softening active, preferably 15 to 45 wt. % fabric softening active and more preferably 20 to 40 wt. % fabric softening active by weight of the composition.
The fabric conditioners of the present invention preferably comprise 0.05 to 10 wt % free perfume, more preferably 0.1 to 8 wt. % free perfume.
Useful perfume components may include materials of both natural and synthetic origin. They include single compounds and mixtures. Specific examples of such components may be found in the current literature, e.g., in Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 1975, CRC Press; Synthetic Food Adjuncts, 1947 by M. B. Jacobs, edited by Van Nostrand; or Perfume and Flavor Chemicals by S. Arctander 1969, Montclair, N.J. (USA). These substances are well known to the person skilled in the art of perfuming, flavouring, and/or aromatizing consumer products.
Particularly preferred perfume components are blooming perfume components and substantive perfume components. Blooming perfume components are defined by a boiling point less than 250° C. and a Log P or greater than 2.5. Substantive perfume components are defined by a boiling point greater than 250° C. and a Log P greater than 2.5. Boiling point is measured at standard pressure (760 mm Hg). Preferably a perfume composition will comprise a mixture of blooming and substantive perfume components. The perfume composition may comprise other perfume components.
It is commonplace for a plurality of perfume components to be present in a free oil perfume composition. In the compositions for use in the present invention it is envisaged that there will be three or more, preferably four or more, more preferably five or more, most preferably six or more different perfume components. An upper limit of 300 perfume components may be applied.
The fabric conditioner compositions of the present invention preferably comprise 0.05 to 10 wt. % perfume microcapsules, more preferably 0.1 to 8 wt. % perfume microcapsules. The weight of microcapsules is of the material as supplied.
When perfume components are encapsulated, suitable encapsulating materials, may comprise, but are not limited to; aminoplasts, proteins, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polysaccharides, polyamides, polyolefins, gums, silicones, lipids, modified cellulose, polyphosphate, polystyrene, polyesters or combinations thereof. Particularly preferred materials are aminoplast microcapsules, such as melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde microcapsules.
Perfume microcapsules of the present invention can be friable microcapsules and/or moisture activated microcapsules. By friable, it is meant that the perfume microcapsule will rupture when a force is exerted. By moisture activated, it is meant that the perfume is released in the presence of water. The fabric conditioners of the present invention preferably comprises friable microcapsules. Moisture activated microcapsules may additionally be present. Examples of a microcapsules which can be friable include aminoplast microcapsules.
Perfume components contained in a microcapsule may comprise odiferous materials and/or pro-fragrance materials.
Particularly preferred perfume components contained in a microcapsule as described above.
The microcapsules may comprise perfume components and a carrier for the perfume ingredients, such as zeolites or cyclodextrins.
The fabric conditioners described herein may comprise additional ingredients, as will be known to the person skilled in the art. Among such materials there may be mentioned: thickening polymers, co-softeners, fatty complexing agent, antifoams, insect repellents, shading or hueing dyes, preservatives (e.g. bactericides), pH buffering agents, perfume carriers, hydrotropes, anti-redeposition agents, soil-release agents, polyelectrolytes, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-oxidants, dyes, colorants, sunscreens, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, anti-static agents, sequestrants and ironing aids. The products of the invention may contain pearlisers and/or opacifiers. A preferred sequestrant is HEDP, an abbreviation for Etidronic acid or 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid.
Particularly preferred additional ingredients are thickening polymers and/or fatty complexing agents. Preferred fatty complexing agents include fatty alcohols and fatty acids, of these, fatty alcohols are most preferred. Preferred thickening polymers are cationic polymers, in particular cross linked cationic polymers.
The fabric conditioner composition is preferably in an aqueous form. The compositions preferably comprise at least 75 wt. % water.
In one aspect of the present invention is provided a method of preparing a fabric conditioner composition, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
Step i. may involve any of the processes described herein or any suitable alternate routes to obtain an ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture. The ingredient is preferably an ingredient as described herein.
Step ii. involves incorporating the ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture into a fabric conditioner composition. For example the ingredient may be pre-melted with the fabric softening active or may be added at any suitable stage in the process of making a fabric conditioner. Preferably it is pre-melted with the fabric softening active. Preferably the pre-melt is formed at a temperature above 50° C., more preferably above 60° C.
Once produced, the fabric conditioner is stored in suitable packaging. Preferably the packaging comprises post consumer recycled packaging or PCR.
In one aspect of the present invention is provided a use of a fabric conditioner as described herein to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere. This is achieved by re-using carbon which is already in the atmosphere or which will be emitted into the atmosphere (e.g. from industry) rather than using carbon from virgin fossil fuels. Fabric conditioners as described herein can contribute to slowing the rate of carbon entering the atmosphere. In other words carbon derived from carbon capture can be used in a fabric conditioner to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere. This is achieved by re-using carbon which has been or will be emitted into the atmosphere rather than using virgin petrochemicals.
Additionally, the use of an ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture provides the consumer with a tangible eco marker in the product. Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention is provided a use of an ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture as a tangible eco marker in a fabric conditioner composition. The tangible eco marks the change in carbon providence for the consumer. This may be a change in the smell of the product. In other words carbon derived from carbon capture may be used to change the fragrance of a fabric conditioner, thereby providing the consumer with a tangible marker and a reason to believe.
The following ingredients are illustrative of ingredient comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture.
The following compositions are fabric conditioner according to the present invention:
The fabric conditioners may be prepared using the following method. Heat water in a vessel to ˜45° C., and disperse the perfume microcapsules (where present) therein. Add the minors with stirring. Prepare a premix of fabric softening active and example 3 or 4 by heating the ingredients to a temperature of ˜65° C. Add the premix to the main mix vessel with stirring. Cool the composition to ˜35° C. and add the free perfume (where present).
The fabric conditioners were prepared by the following method. The fabric softening active and nonionic surfactant were prepared by heating together ˜65° C. Minor components were added with mixing, followed by the perfume microcapsules. The fabric softening active premix was then slowly added to the compositions. The compositions were cooled and the fragrance oil added.
A fragrance assessment was carried out on both fabric conditioners. Both fabric conditioners comprised the same amount of the same perfume, however it was identified that fabric conditioner 1 smelt ‘more fresh’ and ‘greener’, whereas the ‘fruity green notes’ in fabric conditioner A were less prominent.
The inclusion of a non-ionic surfactant comprising at least one ethoxylate unit and at least one carbon derived from carbon capture led to a different product smell, which marks a difference between the products for the consumers.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21168509.4 | Apr 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/059993 | 4/14/2022 | WO |
