Patent Application
20080220185
The present invention relates to articles and fabrics, in particular, fabrics having a textile construction simulating structures of plants, and which possess excellent moisture management function, as well as methods of making fabrics and articles, and methods of using articles and fabrics.
With the improvement in living standards, our requirements for clothing are not only on the basic warm-keeping function of the clothing but also on the wearing comfort. Although conventional clothes made of pure cotton tend to have better sweat absorption properties, they tend to retain the sweat in the fabric layer next to the skin, giving wearer an uncomfortable feeling of wet and cold after exercise. It thus becomes an objective of the field to develop a type of fabric which possesses excellent moisture management function.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,217,782 discloses a multi-layer fabric having moisture management function which comprises a thicker inner layer composed of hydrophobic fiber having good water permeability; a thinner middle hydrophilic layer and a thicker outer hydrophilic layer. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the inner layer, water can be transported to outer layer very quickly without having to stay in the inner layer and thereby brings a better feeling to wearers. This invention has a disadvantage in that, unless the garment is tightly fitted to the body and sweat is transmitted through the inner hydrophobic layer, the sweat will stay on or drip down along the skin surface, as the hydrophobic inner layer does not absorb liquid sweat,
U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,504 discloses a composite fabric having moisture management function. It transports water on skin to outer layer through the capillary action and this composite fabric comprises an inner hydrophilic layer formed of a thicker fiber and an outer hydrophilic layer formed of a thinner fiber. However, by having fibers of different fineness in the inner and outer layer, the liquid transport function of this fabric is very much limited.
Although the fabrics disclosed in the above-mentioned two patent documents possess certain level of moisture management function, their liquid water transport property is very much limited.
An object of the present invention is to provide a fabric having excellent water transport properties for moisture management, so as to keep the wearer cool and dry. Also provided are related methods of making, methods of using, articles, and articles derived therefrom.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a fabric having moisture management function, which has a structure simulating plant structure and comprises at least two layers as follows: (i) a bottom layer, which may be of a leno or matt structure simulating main stem of plant, in which a number of yarns are grouped together to form a plurality of fabric units; wherein said bottom layer can be adapted to be in contact with human skin; (ii) a top layer, which may be of a plain weave structure, in which the yarns of said fabric units in the bottom layer split in the top layer to form such a plain weave structure. Each group of multiple yarns from the bottom layer is split into single yarns in the top layer, which simulates the branching in the structure of plant.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a fabric having three layers: (i) a bottom layer, which may be of a leno or matt structure simulating main stem of plant, in which a number of yarns are grouped together to form a plurality of fabric units; wherein said bottom layer can be adapted to be in contact with human skin; (ii) a middle layer, which may be of a matt, huckaback or honeycomb structure simulating branches of plant, in which the yarns of said fabric unit split initially in the middle layer to form such a matt, huckaback or honeycomb structure; (iii) a top layer, which may be of a plain weave structure, in which the yarns of said fabric unit further split in the top layer to form such a plain weave structure. The splitting of groups of yarns into smaller groups of yarns in the middle layer and into single yarns in the top layer simulates the branching in the structure of the plant.; wherein, in said fabric, water can be transported from the bottom layer to the top layer or from the bottom layer to the middle layer and further to the top layer where it evaporates faster due to the spread of liquid water on the top surface so as to provide better moisture management function.
In the fabric having the structure according to the present invention, because of its emulation of such plant structures in its textile construction, water can be effectively transported so as to greatly improve water transport property of the fabric.
The present invention will be further described according to its preferred embodiment with reference to attached drawings.
a) is a graph showing the absorption behavior of the fabric having two-layer Plant Structure (Cotton Weft);
b) is a graph showing the absorption behavior of the fabric having the two-layer Plant Structure (Coolmax Weft);
Plants are nature's creation for covering the earth; they not only possess the most important process for sustaining life on earth, i.e. the photosynthesis, but also provide necessary protection over the earth and have excellent water transport properties. Through this special structure of plants, underground water can be transported against the gravity from the roots all the way up to leaves of plants. Studies have shown that the excellent water transport properties of plants attribute to the special structural features that exist in plants. The greater ratio of surface area to volume in the leaves than that in the stems of plants forms a special tree-shaped network, which favors water transport. The tree-shaped networks also exist in many other natural flow systems in nature such as river basins, human lungs, blood vessels and the like. This fact also proves that this tree-shaped network has the advantage in water transport of this tree-shaped network.
The present invention utilizes emulation of such plant structure in a textile construction, i.e. to form a substantially tree-shaped network in textile construction so as to achieve an excellent water transport property. The unique material has excellent water transport and thermal properties. Such material will be ideal for clothing as it would facilitate the transport of sweat and water from skin so as to keep the wearer dry and comfortable. It also has other applications, such as carpet, a manmade grass, geotextiles (i.e. a fabric used for civil construction) and etc. for its benefits in keeping the under-covered area dry.
As shown in
A method for preparing the two-layers fabric according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
In the two layers fabric as shown in
The weave designs of the two layers fabric is depicted in
As shown in
A method for producing the three layers fabric according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
In the three layers fabric, as shown in
The weave designs of the three layers fabric is depicted in
Physical and chemical treatment may be also applied to a fiber, yarn and fabric. For example, hydrophilic treatments including oxygen plasma or oxidation may be applied to the bottom surface to enhance water absorption. Compared with existing moisture management fabrics, the treated fabric facilitates liquid water transport (or wicking) by the combination of different fibers and yarns. The new clothing material has the advantage of enhancing wicking due to improved capillarity and the cohesion-tension mechanism owing to its tree-shaped network. The large spaces between the “stems” in the bottom layer of the fabric will also facilitate air convection or ventilation next to the skin.
The “plain, matt, leno, huckaback and honeycomb” weave structures, mentioned above are technical terms defined as follows:
Working Example
Using polyester warp and various types of weft yarns (viz. cotton, Coolmax, Thermolite), four two-layer fabrics and fifteen three-layer fabrics were produced. Detailed parameters of the fabrics are shown in Table-1. Detailed results of the MMT test for all the fabrics are shown in the Table-2.
From Table 2, we can also see that the two-layer fabrics and three-layer fabrics have much better (up to 3 times) one way water transport properties than fabrics of other structures in similar weights. The faster initial water absorption and much improved one way water transport properties of the plant structured fabrics are very advantageous to thermal comfort in terms of keeping the wearer dry and cool when sweating.
All fabrics were tested using a Transplanar Water Transport Tester (TWTT) (Patent pending) and Moisture Management tester (MMT). During the testing by TWTT, the fabric specimen was in contact with a water surface of constant water level. The amount of water absorbed or transmitted through the fabric was measured in real time. Results are illustrated in
