Claims
- 1. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material selected from the group consisting of lithium, carbon, and polyimide, and having a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein each of said individual unit lenses is an independent separate physical unit that can be stacked relative to other of said unit lenses.
- 2. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material selected from the group consisting of lithium, carbon, and polyimide, and having a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms compound refractive lens according to claim 1; and wherein said unit lenses are aligned and held together in a cylinder.
- 3. A compound refractive lens according to claim 2, wherein each unit lens comprises a polyimide substrate.
- 4. A compound refractive lens as in claim 2, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate.
- 5. A compound refractive lens as in claim 1, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 6. A compound refractive lens as in claim 1, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 7. A compound refractive lens as in claim 1, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by a metal bonding method.
- 8. A compound refractive lens as in claim 1, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by a metal bonding method.
- 9. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material selected from the group consisting of lithium, carbon, and polyimide, and having a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; wherein said displacements ti are distributed such that there is a standard deviation σt of said displacements ti about said axis; and wherein each of said unit lenses is a Fresnel refractive lens having a zone radii rm, rm−1, rm−2, . . . ,ro such that σt is less than the smallest zone (rm-rm−1).
- 10. A compound refractive lens according to claim 9, wherein the unit lenses are aligned and held together in a cylinder.
- 11. A compound refractive lens as in claim 9, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 12. A compound refractive lens as in claim 9, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 13. A compound refractive lens as in claim 9, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by a metal bonding method.
- 14. A compound refractive lens as in claim 9, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate, and wherein said unit lenses are held together by a metal bonding method.
- 15. A compound refractive lens as in claim 9, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a polyimide substrate.
- 16. A compound refractive lens as in claim 2, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate.
- 17. A compound refractive lens as in claim 2, wherein each of said individual unit lenses comprises a carbon substrate.
- 18. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein each of said individual unit lenses is an independent separate physical unit that can be stacked relative to other of said unit lenses.
- 19. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses comprises lithium, and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; wherein said displacements ti are distributed such that there is a standard deviation σt of said displacements ti about said axis; and wherein each of said unit lenses is a Fresnel refractive lens having a zone radii rm, rm−1, rm−2, . . . , ro such that σt is less than the smallest zone (rm-rm−1).
- 20. A compound refractive lens according to claim 19, wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 21. A compound refractive lens according to claim 19, wherein the unit lithium lenses held together using a metal bonding method.
- 22. A compound refractive lens according to claim 19, wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by a fastener.
- 23. A compound refractive lens according to any one of claims 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 21, or 22, wherein the unit lithium lenses are contained in a chemically inert environment.
- 24. A compound refractive lens according to claim 19, wherein the unit lenses are aligned and held together in a cylinder.
- 25. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein the unit lithium lenses are held and aligned by a plurality of alignment pins.
- 26. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by an adhesive.
- 27. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein the unit lithium lenses held together using metal bonding method.
- 28. A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑i=1Nti=0;wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms; and wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by a fastener.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This invention claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/301,107 filed Jun. 25, 2001, by inventors Hector Raul Beguiristain, Jay Theodore Cremer, Melvin Arthur Piestrup, entitled “Fabrication of Unit Lenses for Compound Refractive Lenses.”
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED R & D
This invention was made with Government support under contract DASG60-00-C-0043 awarded by U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
5684852 |
Tomie |
Nov 1997 |
A |
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60/301107 |
Jun 2001 |
US |