Patent Application
20200354966
The following documents are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth: European Patent Application No. 19173135.5, filed May 7, 2019.
The present invention relates to a facade element holder as part of a system for facade fastening. This facade element holder is suitable, inter alia, for an externally suspended, back-ventilated facade as can frequently be found nowadays in new buildings and renovations.
A building envelope is nowadays understood to mean the entirety of all structural parts which close off a building to the outside. In modern residential and commercial building, a building envelope here has to satisfy a large number of functions; thus as a barrier to weather influences, as thermal and acoustic insulation and, last but not least, as a design element which provides a building with its recognition value. An externally suspended facade is understood here to mean a building envelope which, unlike a render layer or coated paint, is not applied directly to the load-bearing outer wall but is fastened thereto at a distance. In the context of this invention, a facade system or facade fastening system is considered to be an assembly consisting of at least one substructure on the load-bearing outer wall, the actual, visible facade elements fastened thereto, and the facade element holder as fastener or connecting element therebetween.
One advantage of externally suspended, back-ventilated facades is that, apart from the receiving points of the substructure, the load-bearing building envelope can be designed to be substantially functionally static. The substructure defines a volume between the statically load-bearing outer wall that can serve to receive thermal insulation and supply lines. A facade element is understood in the present context to mean the structural element which visibly closes off the building envelope to the outside.
The prior art discloses a large number of facade variants. In general, an externally suspended facade requires a substructure which specifies the distance between the load-bearing outer wall or building structure and a facade element. For this purpose, it is known to use supporting and spacing elements for load dissipation, the first end of said elements being fastened to the load-bearing outer wall at discrete points. To their other end are fitted longitudinal profiles consisting of steel or aluminum, preferably horizontally and/or vertically largely parallel to the load-bearing building structure. To these profiles in turn are fitted the facade elements via said facade holders.
A frequent requirement is that an externally suspended facade be fastened “invisibly”, that is to say that the mechanical connection points between facade elements and substructure are not visible from outside. A solution to this problem must mean no compromises in assembly effort and safety.
It is also important that a facade can also be demounted again. This may be necessary for repair or replacement of individual facade elements or during demolition of the complete facade.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide a facade system which merges with as few components as possible, is intended to be mounted and adjusted simply and safely and can be fastened invisibly. This is achieved by a facade system and mounting method with one or more features of the invention.
“Facade elements” are understood in the following to mean structural parts which are intended to be fastened as part of a building envelope to a substructure. These facade elements are customarily large-area, planar and have a square or rectangular basic shape. They are frequently manufactured from fiber cement, plastics, metal plates, natural stone, glass or composite materials. They serve for protecting, insulating, cladding and/or decorating the building envelope. Functionally active facade elements such as solar panels, electronic displays or luminous surfaces, are also encompassed.
The holder for such facade elements that is described in the present invention substantially comprises two profile elements which, when mounted as intended, can inter-engage in a form-fitting manner to produce a (hooked-in) suspended connection. For use in building construction, it is important that the connection is releasable.
A facade element holder therefore comprises a first profile element which is configured as a longitudinal profile to be mounted horizontally and as such is or becomes a constituent part, in particular terminating element, of the substructure of a facade fastening. Preferably, it is therefore configured as a longitudinal profile which is mounted horizontally on spacers or spacing elements. The parallel spacing of these horizontally oriented longitudinal profiles is dependent inter alia on the dimensions and the weight of the facade elements and is stipulated in an assembly or laying plan.
A second profile element supplements the first profile element to form the core of the holder. It has the function of an adaptor or hook-in element to be fitted to a facade element. The second profile element is fitted to the rear side of the facade element; this can occur by screwing, riveting, adhesive bonding or in some other known way. The second profile element can be fitted to the facade element as a strip or multiple times as a short portion, depending on the requirement or specification. These profile elements can preferably also be fitted already during the production or fabrication of the facade elements ex works instead of at the assembly site.
In order to ensure the aforementioned form-fitting engagement, the present invention provides that both the first and the second profile element are designed in such a way that they can inter-engage in two regions. What is meant by inter-engaging is that the two profile elements are joined during mounting in such a way that they are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner thereafter. What is meant here by form-fitting connection in the customary definition is that the two profile elements, even without a third element, are inhibited in movement in at least one spatial direction; according to customary understanding, the form-fitting connection has the effect that the facade element, when correctly mounted, is secured against falling down.
The suspended connection after customarily mounting simultaneously produces a force fit (frictional engagement) in the horizontal direction. The securing element described below additionally has the effect that the facade element is also secured horizontally in a form-fitting manner.
In order to ensure the “inter-engagement in two regions”, it is necessary—in generalized formulation—for two sections A, B to be present on the first profile element, with section A having a first surface shape X and section B having a second surface shape Y. What is meant here by sections are regions or portions of the profile body which are functionally designed in such a way that, in conjunction with a mating piece or the region of another profile, they can ensure the form-fitting connection. For this purpose, the surface is configured in such a way that the contour thereof corresponds to the contour of the mating piece. This automatically demands that the dimensions of the surfaces are chosen to be similar such that the form-fitting connection is possible.
In concrete terms, the second profile element will thus likewise have two sections C, D, with section C having a first surface shape X′ and section D having a second surface shape Y′. In order to achieve the aforementioned form-fitting connection, X and X′ and Y and Y′ have substantially the same contour diametrically oppositely in pairs. Furthermore, the spacings from A to B and from C to D are chosen to be substantially equal, and the spatial orientation of A and B in the first profile element and of C and D in the second profile element is configured in such a way that the first and second profile elements can inter-engage in a form-fitting manner in section A and section C and in section B and section D.
These are the geometric boundary conditions for harmonizing the two form-fitting regions A/C and B/D with their surface contours or shapes X/X′ and Y/Y′.
It is not implied here that the form-fitting connection can be achieved only in one single relative position of A/C or B/D or only in one end position. As explained below with respect to the adjusting element, the form-fitting connection (in the sense of “secured against falling down”) can indeed be achieved in different arrangements of A and C or B and D relative to one another.
In the simplest case, the surface shape X and the surface shape Y are configured to be substantially identical, which helps to reduce the production costs.
The first and the second profile elements are preferably manufactured from aluminum, for example in an extrusion process, or alternatively from steel, for example as a stamped/formed part. Depending on admissibility, it is also conceivable to use plastics which can be configured to be fire-retardant, high-melting and/or fiber-reinforced.
A description will be given below of the configuration, arrangement and function of an adjusting element and a securing element. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the second profile element is already prepared for receiving at least one such element, since it improves handling safety and reduces the effort at the assembly site. For this purpose, it is advantageous for a threaded hole to be provided on the second profile element in section C or D. The exact position and orientation will be given to a person skilled in the art from the functional description in
The aforementioned securing element has the task of securing the mounted facade element against lateral (horizontal) displacement. However, at the same time, the securing element should not adversely affect lifting off/lifting out, that is to say the desired demounting. For this purpose, the securing element is configured as a screw pin. In connection with the invention, what is meant by a screw pin is a fastener which has a short threaded portion which, however, is effective only as a securing means in the first profile element. With correct design and proper mounting, the thread does not engage in the second profile element. As considered ordered from the tip to the head, the screw pin or the securing element has at its first end a drill tip which transitions into a thread-free shank which in turn adjoins a threaded portion which is adjoined by a head configured as a flange and having a force-application means. The threaded portion is thus substantially configured as an under-head thread. During handling, the screw pin can be guided through the above-described (optional) through-hole in the first profile element and is then drilled into the second profile element. The under-head thread is embedded in self-tapping manner in the through-hole in the first profile element and is thus automatically secured when the head comes up against a stop. In other words, although the screw pin plugs into the second profile element and fixes the relative position with respect to the first profile element (against horizontal displacement), it does not prevent the holder being separated, that is to say the first profile element being lifted off, since this movement occurs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw pin. Both the drill tip and the thread-free shank act as a pin element. If no through-hole is provided ex works, it is indeed also possible by means of the drill tip to achieve the hole in the first profile element.
In an expedient development, there can be provided an adjusting element which can be configured as a set screw. The latter is introduced into the aforementioned threaded hole and allows the first profile element to be displaced in relation to the second profile element. The self-locking of the thread maintains the position, once selected. In the intended mounted position, a height adjustment of the facade element relatively to the first profile element is thus possible.
The aforementioned form-fitting connection by tailoring the surface shapes X, X′ and Y, Y′ can be achieved in various ways. Starting from the above-described functional and structural boundary conditions, a preferred configuration can be realized by the surface shape X being formed substantially from three surfaces which are perpendicular to one another and which have external angles α, α′=90°. What is meant by this are the outer surfaces of a U-shaped body. In a corresponding manner thereto, the surface shape X′ is substantially formed from three surfaces which are perpendicular to one another and which have internal angles β, β′=90°. What is meant by this are the inner surfaces of a U-shaped body.
In summary, a method for mounting facade elements with a facade element holder as described above can thus be described as follows:
a) Providing second profile elements and facade elements,
b) Fitting the second profile elements to the rear side of the facade elements.
These steps can, as mentioned, take place in situ or as a process step during the production of the facade elements.
c) Providing first profile elements,
d) Horizontally installing the first profile elements as outer terminating elements of a substructure on a load-bearing building envelope.
As mentioned above, the type of fastening of these first profile elements has no influence on the invention. It can occur according to a predetermined laying plan with elements from the prior art.
e) Hooking in individual facade elements by bringing the second profile element(s) into engagement with the first profile elements in such a way that a form-fitting connection is achieved.
In a preferred procedure, the method is supplemented by:
f) Aligning the facade element by means of an adjusting screw, and
g) Securing the facade element by pinning a second profile element onto the first profile element by means of a screw pin.
By virtue of the above-described function of the screw pin, it is equivalently possible to swap steps f) and g).
The figures show the invention in various views:
Depicted alongside is the mating piece, a profile element 100. It will be clear to the observer that, in the depicted special case, the cross-sectional profile of element 200 represents the profile of element 100 rotated through 180°. However, this is not mandatory, as the comparison with
The sequence of drawings 2A to 2C shows the operation of the inter-engagement or the mounting of two profile elements as shown in
600 and 600′ designate two fasteners which could connect the profile element 200 to a facade element (not shown here). This type of connection with the facade element is only one of many possible types.
The features of the invention that are disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential, both individually and in any desired, but technically expedient or advantageous combination, for implementing the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19173135.5 | May 2019 | EM | regional |
