Patent Application
20230304281
The present invention relates generally to building materials, and in particular to a façade insulating system comprising an insulation panel of thermal insulation material and an outer panel, wherein air channels are formed between the insulation panel and the outer panel when the outer panel and the insulation panel are connected to the wall of the building.
Façade insulating systems can be attached to an outer surface of a building and can be arranged with different materials like synthetic materials, wooden panels, marble, bricks etc. providing different patterns and/or different architectural expressions.
Façade insulating systems can be attached onto concrete walls, masonry, or onto building frameworks constituted by timber or aluminum etc., or girders or beams, concrete, or steel beams etc., or a combination of these types of building frameworks.
When closing the interior space of a house with walls it is important to take note of several different physical phenomena and properties of buildings. A major issue is insulation as well as diffusion of moisture (or water) from the exterior of a house through respective outer walls as well as from the interior of the house towards the exterior of the house. Therefore, transport of heat and moisture through building walls is a technical design challenge. If the insulation properties of building walls are poor, the cost of heating or cooling a house can be extremely high. It is also important to take into account the increasing need of reducing the overall energy consumption in society. If moisture is left inside building walls, several biological process may start, for example development of dry rot and/or fungus. This may affect residents of houses as well as reducing the lifetime of the house.
There are also other aspects of building houses that influence both the use and design of the façade insulation system. Reducing the building time of a house makes houses considerably cheaper, which may benefit house buyers as well as housing developers. The aesthetic aspect is also important.
Façade insulating systems are not only used when constructing new houses, they may also be used when modernizing or repairing older houses.
WO2019035724 A1 discloses a cladding panel that can be mounted onto an existing building wall, or onto a building framework. The cladding panel is especially suited to be used when modernizing older wooden houses. The cladding panel comprises at least an insulation layer, an airing layer and an exterior panel that may be decorated providing a unique architectural impression of a house. The cladding panel comprises horizontal and vertical airing channels prefabricated inside the respective cladding panels.
EP2851193A1 discloses a pre-fabricated construction panel for use on an external surface and/or as part of a building or construction. The panel comprises at least a first layer which is at least partially provided from thermally insulating material having a first surface, the panel comprising at least a second layer, the at least second layer being provided from fiber cement board, the second layer having a second surface facing the first surface. The first surface is profiled having recessed surface zones and heightened surface zones, the first and the second layers being connected one to the other at least along the heightened surface zones of the first, the recessed surface zones provides at least one interspace between the first and second surface. This at least one interspace has at least two openings to the external of the panel for enabling air to flow into and out of the interspace towards the external of the panel.
EP0204015A1 discloses a construction module for the production of a thermally insulated curtain façade comprising thermal insulation panels with columnar spacers which are distributed over an entire side of a panel and which are spaced from each other and which are arranged on diagonal, mutually parallelly extending rows and which are of substantially the same height and which are in one piece with the thermal insulation panel, and cover surfaces. The spacers are so arranged on the thermal insulation panels and are at such spacings and of such dimensions that disposed between them are unobstructed, continuous, straight passages which are arranged both diagonally between two mutually oppositely disposed panel edges and also perpendicularly to said two mutually oppositely disposed panel edges, wherein the spacing between two adjacent spacers which are disposed on a line parallel to the two respective parallel panel edges is greater than the largest diameter of the spacers in the same direction, thus also providing unobstructed vertical air passages. The spacers may be of a square cross-section.
The problem of moisture inside building walls is usually dealt with by arranging membranes stopping moisture from migrating through for example insulation materials in the wall. However, there may be a huge temperature difference between the exterior of a house and the interior of a house. Therefore, moisture inside walls is also related to condensation of humidity. This may result in forming droplets residing inside the wall. Therefore, airing of the interior space of walls is necessary, not just to transport out humidity in the form of vapor for example, but also to be able to dry out constructional elements inside the wall being humidified through for example condensation.
A common solution, for example when constructing a wooden wall, is to arrange a vapor barrier on interior surface walls and arranging vertical channels behind the back side of the outer cladding or panel of the wall. It is common to arrange vertical furring strips supporting an outer cladding of the wall. The physical principle is that at the bottom of the wall close to the ground the temperature is normally lower than the temperature at a top end of the wall close to the roof. The temperature difference works as a “motor” creating a vertical airstream flowing from the bottom of the wall up to the roof end of the wall inside spaces defined by the spaced apart furring strips and the backside of the outer cladding or panels.
However, building walls are usually not a homogenous object. Cutouts are made supporting for example windows and doors. With reference to the use of furring strips above, the vertical airing channels are broken or blocked when for example a window is inserted into an adapted cutout.
NO344327 B1 discloses a cladding panel comprising an insulating mat that is attached to the backside of an airing plate. The airing plate comprises a plurality of accumulation cups that are configured to collect humidity from the insulating mat.
The natural airing constituted by a temperature difference between the bottom end of a vertical wall and a top end of the vertical wall is effective if the temperature difference is above a certain level. The contributing factors of maintaining a temperature difference, and hence an airing “motor”, is normally not constant. Therefore, the airing effect the motor may provide can therefore vary during day and night conditions and changing weather conditions for example.
The loss of air flow, or resistance to air flow is dependent on the geometrical design of the air channels or airing layer in the façade insulating system and affects the heat loss and the air channel's ability to transport out moisture.
Thermal bridges are pathways for heat transfer through components of a floor, walls, roof etc. Thermal bridges should be insulated or avoided to prevent heat flow and condensation risk.
Therefore, it is a need of an improved façade insulating system for exterior building walls, providing improved airing of moisture and for example water droplets formed inside walls while maintaining good insulating properties. There is further a need for a façade insulating system with improved and/or easier mounting or fastening to the building walls.
The present invention is set forth and characterized in the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention.
With the abovementioned challenges in mind, the present disclosure brings forward a façade insulating system providing protrusions between a surface of a thermal insulation panel and an outer panel of the façade insulating system, such that air channels are formed between insulation panel and the outer panel when connected together to the building wall. Furthermore, fastening devices are used to connect the outer panels and the insulation panels to the building wall.
Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to a façade insulating system comprising:
The façade insulating system of the disclosure may be installed on a new building, or on an existing building, for example where a change of the façade or cladding may be required. In the latter scenario, the existing cladding may be removed and the façade insulating system of the disclosure may be installed in a similar manner as for a new building. However, the façade insulating system may also be installed on top of the existing cladding. In such case, it is important to ensure that a proper vapor barrier and air barrier (or wind barrier) is established prior to mounting the façade insulating system. It may for example be necessary to seal the previous airing layer of the old cladding.
In one aspect, each of the plurality of fastening devices comprises a distancing section. The distancing section determines a distance between an inner surface of the outer panel (the surface of the outer panel which is facing the insulation panel), and the second surface of the insulation panel (from where the protrusions protrude).
In one aspect, the distancing section provides a distance which is equal to a height of the protrusions. Thus, the protrusions will abut against the outer panel.
In one aspect, the distancing section comprises two bracket sections, wherein one of the bracket sections defines a first contact surface for abutment against the second surface of the insulation panel, and wherein the other bracket section defines a second contact surface for abutment against the inner surface of the outer panel.
In one aspect, the distance between the first contact surface and the second contact surface is equal to the height of the protrusions. Thus, the protrusions will abut against the outer panel.
Consequently, in the façade insulating system each of the plurality of fastening devices may comprise a distancing section, wherein the distancing section may comprise two bracket sections, wherein one of the bracket sections may define a first contact surface for abutment against the second surface of the insulation panel, and wherein the other bracket section may define a second contact surface for abutment against an inner surface of the outer panel, thereby determining a distance equal to a height of the protrusions between the second surface of the insulation panel and the inner surface of the outer panel.
In one aspect, the protrusions are distributed such that at least one air channel extends between two opposite side surfaces of the insulation panel. Air can then flow from one end of the panel to the opposite end of the panel and further via the next panel and so on through the façade wall.
In one aspect, the protrusions are solid protrusions made of thermal insulation material. The protrusions thus contribute to thermal insulation in addition to forming the air channels.
In one aspect, the protrusions have a cylindrical shape or the shape of a truncated cone. With a rounded shape of the protrusions, sharp corners or 90° edges can be avoided. Even more so in the case of a truncated cone, where also the edge formed between the bottom of the protrusion and the second surface of the insulation panel will not form a sharp, 90° edge. The rounded shape reduces tension peaks under mechanical load. In aspects, the upper surface of the protrusions may be chamfered.
In one aspect, the protrusions are evenly distributed over the second surface of the insulation panel. The protrusions may be aligned in rows in two perpendicular directions, e.g. horizontally and vertically, such that the air channels between the rows of protrusions follows a straight path between two opposite side surfaces of the insulation panel. The protrusions may be distributed such that the air channels extend vertically (i.e. up/down) and horizontally (i.e. sideways) across the insulation panel. Air flow up/down and sideways across the façade can thus be obtained.
In one aspect, the height of the protrusions is between 15-25 mm, preferably 20 mm. This height of protrusions provides air channels with a sufficient air flow to avoid moisture build-up and/or sufficient insulation.
In one aspect, the protrusions have the shape of a truncated cone, wherein each protrusion has a larger diameter closer to the second surface of the insulation panel than at the top surface of the protrusion, which abuts the outer panel. The air channels formed between the protrusions is thus wider in the area closer to the outer panel than in the area closer to the second surface of the insulation panel.
In one aspect, the protrusions take up more than 25% of the volume between the second surface of the insulation panel and the outer panel, preferably more than 40% or more preferably at least 45% of the volume. In one aspect, the protrusions take up between 41%-70% of the volume between the second surface of the insulation panel and the outer panel, more preferably 41%-60% of the volume, or even more preferably 45-55% of the volume, the remaining volume being air channels.
In one aspect, the smallest gap between two adjacent protrusions is at least 15 mm, preferably at least 20 mm to ensure sufficient air flow through the air channels. In one aspect, the gap between two adjacent protrusions in a row is smaller than the width or diameter (i.e. lateral extension) of the protrusions. The size of the gap determines the size of the air channels.
If the protrusions are shaped as a truncated cone, the smallest gap between two adjacent protrusions in a row, in the area close to the second surface of the insulation panel, preferably has a width of at least 20 mm.
In one aspect, the protrusions are formed integral with the insulation panel, i.e. the insulation panel with the protrusion may be made from one piece of raw material. The protrusions may for example be formed by milling or by molding the panel, depending on the insulation material used.
In one aspect, the insulation panel is made of mineral wool, such as glass wool, stone wool or slag wool, or polystyrene (foam board, typically MEPS), PUR (polyurethane), PIR (polyisocyanurate).
In one aspect, the insulation panel is a pressure-resistant insulation panel which is self-supporting. By pressure-resistant, it is meant that the insulation panel will not be compressed when mounted as part of a façade insulating system on a wall of the building, i.e. it will retain its shape.
In one aspect, the side surfaces of the insulation panel are configured for connecting to a side surface of an adjacent insulation panel through a tongue and groove joint.
In one aspect, at least one side surface of the insulation panel is provided with a tongue profile comprising a chamfered edge (i.e. a section of the tongue profile is inclined), and at least one side surface is provided with a groove profile complementary to the tongue profile for connecting adjacent insulation panels through the tongue and groove joint.
In one aspect, the insulation panel is rectangular or square shaped.
In one aspect, two opposite side surfaces of a corner of a rectangular or square shaped insulation panel comprises a tongue profile and the two other side surfaces comprises a groove profile. Thus, the insulation panel can be rotated 90°, i.e. be turned from lying to standing, while still being connectable to the adjacent insulation panels by the tongue and groove joint.
Various combinations of lying and standing insulation panels can be envisaged. In one aspect, one lying rectangular insulation panel (the short sides represent the vertical height of the insulation panel), can be adjoined with two or more standing rectangular insulation panels (the long sides represent the vertical height of the insulation panel).
In one aspect, each fastening device comprises a fastening element, which may for example be a screw hole, for fastening the fastening device to the insulation panel and the wall of the building.
In one aspect, each fastening device comprises a profile part complementary shaped relative to the chamfered edge, and wherein a fastening element is provided on the profile part.
In one aspect, the fastening device is configured to extend from the outer panel and to finish short relative to the first surface of the insulation panel, such that it does not come into contact with the wall of the building. Heat flow is thus not transferred to the building via the fastening device.
In one aspect, each fastening device comprises a distancing section equal to a height of the protrusions. The distancing section determines the distance between the inner surface of the outer panel (the surface of the outer panel which is facing the insulation panel), and the second surface of the insulation panel (from where the protrusions protrude). Thus, the protrusions will abut against the outer panel.
In one aspect, the fastening device comprises a bracket piece, and two opposing side edges of two neighboring outer panels each comprises a recess, and wherein the bracket piece is configured for engaging with the respective recesses. This allows for the fastening device to connect the outer panels to the wall of the building, and also allows for a smooth façade surface as the fastening devices are not extending outside the outer panels and can be invisible when seeing the façade from the outside.
In one aspect, the fastening device is made of metal, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, or steel, composite material, or reinforced plastic. Other materials having the required structural properties may be used, and considerations regarding transfer of heat and fire resistance should also be considered.
In one aspect, the fastening element of the fastening device is a through hole for insertion of a fastener (e.g. a screw or a nail) through the hole, the insulation panel and further into a part of the wall of the building.
In one aspect, the inner surface of the outer panel comprises a slot and the fastening device comprises a rim, wherein the rim is configured to engage with the slot. This provides support and mechanical stability to the façade insulating system and will ensure correct positioning of the outer panel during assembly and contribute to make assembly easier.
In one aspect, the outer panel is attached to the insulation panel by an adhesive. The adhesive may be applied prior to transport such that the insulation panel and outer panel will be handled and transported as one unit, thereby reducing risk of damage to the outer panel as the insulation panel will provide support. The adhesive may also be applied before mounting the façade insulation panel in order to facilitate the assembly and mounting process as handling and positioning will be easier.
In one aspect, the façade insulating system comprises a base profile for connecting to a side surface of one or more adjacent insulation panels and for connecting to an edge of one or more adjacent outer panels, the base profile comprising a base profile bracket piece configured for engaging with a recess in the edge of the one or more outer panels.
In one aspect, the base profile comprises a first section for receiving the side surface of the one or more insulation panels, and a second section arranged between the first section and the base profile bracket piece, wherein the first section comprises thermal break slots and/or wherein the second section comprises vent gaps.
In one aspect, the base profile is made of metal, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, or steel, composite material, or reinforced plastic. Other materials having the required structural properties may be used, and considerations regarding transfer of heat and fire resistance should also be considered.
The thermal break slots of the base profile break the thermal bridge across the base profile, i.e. the flow of heat is reduced. The thermal break slots are preferably arranged as longitudinal slots along the first section of the base profile. Preferably, several rows of longitudinal thermal break slots are arranged next to each other, and where the slots of one row are longitudinally displaced relative to the neighboring row of slots. The heat flow path across the base profile is thus obstructed by the thermal break slots.
The vent gaps are configured to allow air to flow in through the gaps. The vent gaps are preferably arranged transversally across the second section of the base profile.
In one aspect, the façade insulating system comprises a number of insulation panels and outer panels arranged in rows, one row arranged above the other, the insulation panels being connected end-to-end vertically and horizontally through the tongue and groove joint, and the outer panels being connected to the insulation panels by the fastening devices.
The insulation panels and outer panels may be aligned vertically and horizontally. In one aspect, one row of insulation panels and outer panels may be displaced sideways to obtain a brick pattern. As previously mentioned, various combinations of lying and standing insulation panels can be envisaged.
In one aspect, the façade insulating system comprises one or more base profiles connected to a lower most row of insulation panels and outer panels.
The present disclosure also relates to an insulation panel for a façade insulating system of a building, the insulation panel being made of a thermal insulation material and wherein the insulation panel comprises:
In one aspect, the insulation panel is configured to be connected to the well of the building through a plurality of fastening devices.
In one aspect, each of the plurality of fastening devices comprises a distancing section. The distancing section determines a distance between an inner surface of the outer panel (the surface of the outer panel which is facing the insulation panel), and the second surface of the insulation panel (from where the protrusions protrude).
In one aspect, the distancing section provides a distance which is equal to a height of the protrusions. Thus, the protrusions will abut against the outer panel.
In one aspect, the distancing section comprises two bracket sections, wherein one of the bracket sections defines a first contact surface for abutment against the second surface of the insulation panel, and wherein the other bracket section defines a second contact surface for abutment against the inner surface of the outer panel.
In one aspect, the distance between the first contact surface and the second contact surface is equal to the height of the protrusions. Thus, the protrusions will abut against the outer panel.
Consequently, the insulation panel may be configured to be connected to the wall of the building through a plurality of fastening devices, wherein each of the plurality of fastening devices may comprise a distancing section, wherein the distancing section may comprise two bracket sections, wherein one of the bracket sections may define a first contact surface for abutment against the second surface of the insulation panel, and wherein the other bracket section may define a second contact surface for abutment against an inner surface of the outer panel, thereby determining a distance equal to a height of the protrusions between the second surface of the insulation panel and the inner surface of the outer panel.
Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific embodiments, which are provided herein for purposes of illustration only, and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.
Throughout this document, the terms “vertical” and “horizontal” are not to be interpreted strictly. For example, the use of “vertical” and “horizontal” in the expression “vertical air channel” and “horizontal air channel” is intended to mean that air channels are formed in two directions perpendicular to each other, and for rectangular or square shaped panels, this will usually be sideways and upwards/downwards across the panel as installed on the building. If the insulation panel is a rectangular panel placed lying (i.e. with the short sides representing the height of the panel) then the horizontal air channels extend sideways from one short side to the opposite short side. If the same insulation panel is placed standing (i.e. with the long sides representing the height of the panel), then it is the air channels extending sideways from one long side to the opposite long side which are the horizontal air channels.
In general, at least one side surface 10s of the insulation panel 10 is provided with a tongue profile 11t comprising a chamfered edge 11c, and at least one side surface 10s is provided with a groove profile 11g complementary to the tongue profile 11t for connecting adjacent insulation panels through a tongue and groove joint.
The insulation panel 10 may have a rectangular or square shape, wherein two side surfaces 10s are provided with a tongue profile 11t, and the two other side surfaces 10s are provided with a groove profile 11g. The tongue profile 11t may comprise a chamfered edge 11c, i.e. instead of a 90° corner, a section of the tongue profile 11t is inclined towards the first (inner) surface 10i. The tongue and groove profiles 11t, 11g, allows for sideways and upwards/downwards connection to adjacent insulation panels 10 by a tongue and groove joint, thus forming an overlap of insulation material.
Two opposite side surfaces 10s of a corner of a rectangular or square shaped insulation panel 10 may comprise a tongue profile 11t and the two other side surfaces may comprise a groove profile 11g. For a rectangular insulation panel 10, this means that one long side surface 10s and one short side surface 10s will be provided with a tongue profile 11t, and one long side surface 10s and one short side surface 10s will be provided with a groove profile 11g. Thus, the insulation panel can be rotated 90°, i.e. it can be turned from lying to standing position, while still being connectable to the adjacent insulation panels 10 by the tongue and groove joint. This means that various arrangements of insulation panels 10 are possible. For example, one rectangular lying insulation panel 10 (where the short sides 10s represents the vertical sides of the insulation panel 10), may be connected to two rectangular standing insulation panels 10 (where the long sides 10s represents the vertical sides of the insulation panel 10). Such an arrangement is illustrated schematically in
The protrusions 12 are distributed over the second surface 10o of the insulation panel 10 such that at least one air channel 13 extends between two opposite side surfaces 10s of the insulation panel 10. As illustrated in
The protrusions 12 may have a cylindrical shape or the shape of a truncated cone (as in
When the protrusions 12 have a rounded shape and are aligned in rows in two perpendicular directions (e.g. horizontally and vertically, such as in
The protrusions may be solid protrusions made of thermal insulation material. The protrusions 12 thus contribute to thermal insulation as well as to forming the air channels 13. The protrusions 12 may be formed integral with the insulation panel 10, i.e. the insulation panel 10 with the protrusions 12 may be made from one piece of raw material.
As an example, tests were performed using protrusions 12 having a bottom diameter of 113 mm, a top diameter of 93 mm, a height of 20 mm, and wherein the distance between the protrusions is 20 mm at the second surface 10o. This gave good results considering insulating properties and air flow for transferring away moisture. However, other variant protrusion designs may be envisaged, for example cylindrical shaped protrusions with a similar diameter. It can also be envisaged that if the protrusions are made smaller in diameter, the height can be reduced, and vice versa.
Fastening of the outer panel 20 and the insulation panel 10 to the building requires a plurality of fastening devices 40 arranged at various sides of the outer panel 20 and insulation panel 10.
Referring to
The fastening device 40 may be configured to extend from the outer panel 20 and to finish short relative to the first surface 10i of the insulation panel 10, such that it does not come into contact with the wall of the building, ref.
The fastening device 40 may comprise a distancing section 49. The distancing section 49 determines the distance “d” between the inner surface 20i of the outer panel 20 (the surface of the outer panel 20 which is facing the insulation panel 10), and the second surface 10o of the insulation panel 10 (from where the protrusions protrude 12), see for example
The outer panel 20 comprises an inner surface 20i that faces the insulation panel 10, and an outer surface 20o, which will be the outermost surface of the building. Thus, material selection, surface finish, geometric shape, and arrangement of the outer panels 20 will play a significant role in the architectural and/or aesthetic expression of the building. The side edges 20e of the outer panel may comprise a recess 21, 22 for engaging with the fastening devices 40.
The outer panel 20 may have a rectangular or square shape. It may have the same shape and size as the insulation panel 10. The outer panel 20 may also have a different size than the insulation panel 10, however it is preferably configured such that the edges 20e of the outer panel 20 can be located adjacent the side surfaces 10s of one or more insulation panels 10. This can be obtained if the outer panel 20 covers an integer number of insulation panels 10. For example, one outer panel 20 may cover two complete insulation panels 10 or vice versa. One outer panel 20 can for example also cover four insulation panels 10, such as two side-by-side insulation panels 10 stacked on top of two other side-by side insulation panels 10. Other configurations may also be envisaged.
In
Referring now to
The outer panel 20 may be attached to the insulation panel 10 by an adhesive. The adhesive may be applied prior to transport such that the insulation panel 10 and outer panel 20 will be handled and transported as one unit, thereby reducing risk of damage to the outer panel 20 as the insulation panel 10 will provide support. The adhesive may also be applied before mounting onto the building structure in order to facilitate the assembly and mounting process as handling and positioning will be easier.
The recess 21 of the lower side edge 20e of
Similar as for the insulation panel 10, two opposite side edges 20e of a corner of a rectangular or square shaped outer panel 20 may comprise a U-shaped recess 21 and the two other side edges 20e may comprise an open recess 22. For a rectangular outer panel 20, this means that one long side edge 20e and one short side edge 20e will be provided with a U-shaped recess 21, and one long side edge 20e and one short side edge 20e will be provided with an open recess 21, as shown for example in
Thus, the outer panel 20 can be rotated 90°, i.e. it can be turned from lying to standing position, while still being connectable to the adjacent outer panels 20 by fastening device 40. This means that various arrangements of outer panels 20 are possible. For example, one rectangular lying outer panel 20 (where the short edges 20e represents the vertical height of the outer panel 20), may be connected to two rectangular standing outer panels 20 (where the long sides 20e represents the vertical height of the outer panel 20). Such an arrangement is illustrated schematically in
The base profile 50 may comprise a first section 51 for receiving the side surface 10s of the one or more insulation panels 10 (see
The first section 51 comprises thermal break slots 53 which are arranged to prevent heat flow across the base profile 50. The thermal break slots 53 are preferably arranged as longitudinal slots over the length of the first section 51. Preferably, several rows of longitudinal thermal break slots 53 are arranged next to each other, and where the slots of one row are longitudinally displaced relative to the neighboring row of slots, as is shown in
The second section 52 comprises vent gaps 54 which are configured to allow air to flow in through the gaps 54. The vent gaps 54 are preferably arranged transversally over the width of the second section 52 of the base profile 50. Since the second section 52 with the vent gaps 54 is arranged below the area of protrusions 12 and air channels 13 (see
The insulation panels 10 and outer panels 20 may be arranged in various patterns. For example, one row of insulation panels 10 and outer panels 20 may be displaced sideways to obtain a brick pattern, ref.
In one aspect, the mounting process may comprise arranging and fastening one or more base profiles 50 to the framework of a building. A first row of insulation panels 10 may be arranged on the base profile 50, connected sideways by the tongue and groove joint, as shown for example in
In the preceding description, various aspects of the independent claims have been described. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, systems and configurations were set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the system and its workings. However, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and variations of the illustrative embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the system, which are apparent to persons skilled in the art to which the disclosed subject matter pertains, are deemed to lie within the scope of the present invention as defined in the attached claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220362 | Mar 2022 | NO | national |
