This disclosure relates generally to face masks and, more particularly, to disinfection and/or sanitization of face masks.
Ultraviolet light typically refers to light at wavelengths in a band of about 10 nm to about 400 nm. There are several sub-bands within the ultraviolet light band. These ultraviolet light sub-bands include a UVA light sub-band (“UVA light”), a UVB light sub-band (“UVB light”) and a UVC light sub-band (“UVC light”). The UVC light typically refers to light at wavelengths in a band of about 100 nm to about 280 nm. Some UVC light wavelengths are known to produce germicidal effects on certain harmful microorganisms (e.g., bacterial viruses, mold, and other pathogens) when those microorganisms are exposed to the UVC light for a sufficient period of time at a sufficient intensity. UVC light may therefore be used to disinfect food and water products. The UVC light, for example, may be absorbed by one or more constituents (e.g., proteins, DNA molecules or the like) within the microorganisms on the food or in the water products. This UVC light absorption may cause the constituents to morph into a form where the ability of the microorganisms to replicate or perform other vital biological functions is negatively affected. The UVC light may also or alternatively destroy one or more of the microorganisms.
Face masks are used by healthcare professionals as well as other individuals to protect those individuals from potentially harmful airborne microorganisms as well as other particulates such as dust. A face mask may be worn by an individual, for example, to filter air inhaled and exhaled by the individual. This filtering may protect the individual wearing the face mask from airborne microorganisms and other particulates in the surrounding air. The filtering may also protect other people near the individual from microorganisms carried by the individual.
A typical face mask is designed for a single use in order to reduce potential for spreading harmful microorganisms which may accumulate on surfaces of the face mask. A healthcare professional may therefore go through many face masks during a single day where, for example, that professional wears a new face mask for interacting with each new patient. Thus, where a healthcare professional interacts with many patients during a day, the cost for providing the faces mask may be relatively high. In addition, during an emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic, medical supplies such as face masks may become scarce. There is a need in the art therefore for systems and method to provide for reusable face masks.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a face mask system is provided that includes a face mask and an indicator. The indicator is arranged with the face mask. The indicator is configured to indicate the face mask is no longer recommended for use following a first level of exposure of the face mask to ultraviolet light.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, another face mask system is provided that includes a face mask and an indicator. The indicator is arranged with the face mask and has an appearance. The indicator is configured to change the appearance when a first number of treatment cycles have been performed on the face mask using ultraviolet light. The first number of treatment cycles may be greater than one.
According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, another face mask system is provided that includes a face mask and an indicator. The indicator is arranged with the face mask. The indicator is configured to visually indicate a mechanical property of the face mask is preserved following a first level of exposure of the face mask to ultraviolet light.
The indicator may also be configured to indicate the mechanical property of the face mask could be degraded following a second level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light. The second level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light may be greater than the first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light.
The indicator may also be configured to maintain the appearance when a second number of treatment cycles have been performed on the face mask using the ultraviolet light. The second number of treatment cycles may be less than the first number of treatment cycles.
The change in appearance may indicate the face mask is no longer recommended for use.
The change in appearance may be a change in color from a first color to a second color. The first color may be green and/or the second color may be red.
The change in appearance may correspond with an increased likelihood that a mechanical property of the face mask has been degraded from exposure to the ultraviolet light.
The first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light may correspond to a first number of disinfection cycles performed on the face mask with the ultraviolet light.
The first number of disinfection cycles may be greater than one, two, three or otherwise.
The face mask may no longer be recommended for use when a mechanical property of the face mask could be (or is) degraded following the first level of exposure to the ultraviolet light.
The mechanical property may be or otherwise include fit of the face mask.
The mechanical property may be or otherwise include filtering capability of the face mask.
The indicator may also be configured to indicate the face mask is acceptable for use following a second level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light. The second level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light may be less than the first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light.
The ultraviolet light may be UVC light.
The indicator may be configured to visually indicate the face mask is no longer recommended for use following the first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light.
The indicator may be configured to change colors following the first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light. For example, the indicator may change from a first color to a second color following the first level of exposure of the face mask to the ultraviolet light. The first color may be green and/or the second color may be red.
The indicator may be attached to an exterior of the face mask.
The indicator may be integrated with the face mask.
The indicator may be configured from or otherwise include photochromic material.
The face mask may be configured as an N95 face mask.
The present disclosure may include any one or more of the individual features disclosed above and/or below alone or in any combination thereof.
The foregoing features and the operation of the invention will become more apparent in light of the following description and the accompanying drawings.
The treatment system 10 of
The support structure 14 is configured to support the face mask 12 (or multiple face masks) within the treatment area 20 during operation of the treatment system 10. The support structure 14 of
Referring to
Each positioning element 22 may also be flexible and resilient or deformable (e.g., manipulatable). At least a base portion 32 of each positioning element 22, for example, may be constructed from flexible material; e.g., flexible polymer material. Thus, when an operator places the face mask 12 (or face masks) within the treatment area 20, one or more the positioning elements 22 may resiliently slightly give/deflect when coming into contact with the operator's hand. This may facilitate easier face mask placement as well as reduce potential for injury to the operator's hand. Where the positioning element 22 is deformable, the flexibility of the positioning element 22 may also facilitate accommodation of the support structure 14 to different face mask designs. The present disclosure, however, is not limited to such exemplary flexible configurations. For example, one or more of the positioning elements 22 may alternatively be rigid.
Referring to
One or more of the light sources (e.g., 34A) may be arranged to be below the face mask 12 (or face masks) within the treatment area 20. The lower light sources 34A of
In step 402, a previously used or otherwise contaminated face mask 12 is placed within the treatment area 20. The operator, for example, may dispose the face mask 12 on the support structure 14 where the tips 28 of the positioning elements 22 engage the bottom (e.g., interior) surface 30 of the face mask 12; e.g., see
In step 404, the face mask 12 is treated with the ultraviolet light; e.g., UVC light. The light sources 34, for example, are activated (e.g., turned on) such that the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light is projected against each surface (e.g., 40, 41) of the face mask 12. After exposure of the face mask 12 to a certain intensity of the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light for a certain period of time (duration), the face mask 12 may be at least partially (e.g., substantially) or completely disinfected and/or sanitized. During treatment, for example, the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light may be absorbed by one or more constituents (e.g., proteins, DNA molecules, or the like) within one or more microorganisms (e.g., bacterial viruses, mold, and other pathogens) on the face mask 12. This absorption may cause one or more of the constituents to morph into a form where the ability of the respective microorganism to replicate and/or perform other vital biological functions is negatively affected. The absorption may also or alternatively destroy one or more of the microorganisms on the face mask 12.
In step 406, the treated face mask 12 is removed from the treatment area 20. This treated face mask 12 may now be used/reused by an individual (e.g., a healthcare professional, etc.) while still providing proper protection; e.g., protection that satisfies a standard level associated with that type of face mask 12. In this manner, a single face mask may be treated and then reused for multiple cycles/intervals of use. This may extend a useful service life of the face mask 12 as well as reduce demand for face masks in a stressed environment such as during a pandemic and/or where face masks may be in high demand but in short supply.
While the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light can be used for treating the face mask 12, the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light can also begin to degrade/deteriorate one or more mechanical properties (e.g., qualities) of the face mask 12 following extended over exposure. For example, extended over exposure to the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light may degrade/deteriorate material of the face mask 12 such that face mask fitment is compromised; e.g., the face mask 12 may no longer fit properly on/against an individual's face. Extended over exposure to the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light may also or alternatively degrade/deteriorate the face mask material such that face mask filtering capability/performance is compromised; e.g., the face mask 12 may no longer be capable of filtering air passing therethrough according to an associated standard for that face mask 12. Individuals may therefore be hesitant to use/reuse a face mask that has been treated with ultraviolet light; e.g., UVC light.
To ensure safe face mask usage and/or to alleviate hesitancy associated with using an ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light treated face mask, the face mask 12 of
The indicator 42 is configured to (e.g., passively) measure/detect a total (e.g., accumulative) level of exposure of the face mask 12 to the ultraviolet light. The indicator 42, for example, may be configured to measure/detect the total level of exposure of the face mask 12 to ultraviolet light in the UVC light sub-band (e.g., between about or exactly 100 nm and about or exactly 280 nm), or in a select portion of the UVC light sub-band (e.g., between about or exactly 222 nm and about or exactly 254 nm). The indicator 42 is also configured to provide an indication based on the measured level of exposure to the ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light.
The indicator 42 may be constructed from or otherwise include ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light sensitive (e.g., reactive) material. An example of such light sensitive material is, but is not limited to, photochromic material; e.g., a photochromic ink, a photochromic polymer, a photochromic color indicator, etc. This light sensitive material may be tailored/selected such that an appearance of the light sensitive material (e.g., substantially only) changes when exposed to a total level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light that is equal to or greater than the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure; e.g., see change of indicator appearance from
Depending upon the specific intensity and/or duration of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure during face mask treatment, the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure may correspond to a total level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure accumulated over a number of treatment cycles (e.g., disinfection and/or sanitization cycles), where the number of treatment cycles may be one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5) or more. Each treatment cycle (e.g., each performance of the method 400) performed on the face mask 12, for example, may subject that face mask to N times the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure, where N is a fraction. For example, where N is one-half (½), the face mask 12 may undergo two (2) treatment cycles before reaching the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure. Thus, the face mask 12 may be acceptable for reuse following the first treatment cycle; but may not be recommended for reuse following the second treatment cycle. In another example, where N is one-third (⅓), the face mask 12 may undergo three (3) treatment cycles before reaching the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure. Thus, the face mask 12 may be acceptable for reuse following a first treatment cycle and a second treatment cycle; but may not be recommended for reuse following the third treatment cycle. More generally, where N is one-over-X (1/X), the face mask 12 may undergo X number of treatment cycles before reaching the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure. Thus, the face mask 12 may be acceptable for reuse following X-minus-one (X−1) treatment cycles; but may not be recommended for reuse following the Xth treatment cycle. Generally, X may be equal to one (1), or alternatively any whole number greater than one; e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or so on up to an upper bound.
With the foregoing in mind, the indicator 42 may provide its visual indication of whether or not the face mask 12 is acceptable for further use or should be discarded based on a number of treatment cycles (e.g., disinfection and/or sanitization cycles) to which that face mask 12 has been subjected. The indicator 42, for example, may be configured to visually indicate (e.g., via color such as green, pattern or otherwise) the face mask 12 may be acceptable for continued use where a total level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure to the face mask 12 accumulated over a first number of treatment cycles is less than the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure. The indicator 42 may also or alternatively be configured to visually indicate (e.g., via color such as red, pattern or otherwise) the face mask 12 may no longer be recommended for use/should be discarded where a total level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure to the face mask 12 accumulated over a second number of treatment cycles is equal to or greater than the threshold level of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light exposure, where the second number is greater than the first number. Thus, the indicator 42 may be configured as a treatment cycle counter for the face mask 12.
In some embodiments, referring to
In some embodiment, referring to
In some embodiments, referring to
The face mask 12 may be configured as any type of face mask/face covering that filters air inhaled by a user and/or exhaled by the user during breathing. Examples of the face mask 12 include, but are not limited to, a respirator face mask (e.g., an N95 face mask or a KN95 face mask), a cone-style face mask, a dust and/or debris filtering face mask, a surgical face mask and a cloth face mask.
Various types of ultraviolet (e.g., UVC) light sensitive materials such as photochromic materials are known in the art which may be selected and/or tailored to provide a visual indication as described above. Examples of such light sensitive material are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,708,396 and 7,247,262, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The present disclosure, however, is not limited to such exemplary light sensitive materials nor to indicators made from such light sensitive materials.
While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the present disclosure as described herein includes several aspects and embodiments that include particular features. Although these features may be described individually, it is within the scope of the present disclosure that some or all of these features may be combined with any one of the aspects and remain within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/004,140 filed Apr. 2, 2020, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63004140 | Apr 2020 | US |