Patent Application
20090220334
The invention relates to the field of heat exchange towers, and more particularly relates to the field of fans used to move air through heat exchange towers, including industrial cooling towers, industrial heating towers, and air cooled steam condensers.
A wide variety of heat exchange towers are known in the industry. These heat exchange towers include, for example, so-called industrial cooling towers, which are used to cool warm water by industrial or other processes. These cooling towers typically have a liquid that is sprayed from a top inside the tower, and falls over a media such as, for example, splash bars or a pack of spaced apart thin film sheets. Air is typically drawn through the tower, either sideways across the tower, upwardly through the tower, or a combination thereof, and interacts with the falling liquid. The falling liquid is warmer than the ambient air, and thus is cooled by this process and falls into a collection basin at the bottom of the tower. Another type of heat exchange tower is a heating tower which may be used, for example, for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas.
Yet another type of tower is an air cooled condenser (ACC) tower. Such a tower is typically a large box-like structure having an open lower or side frame. The open frame may be closed off on some of its sides. The frame supports a deck having a series of fans which blow air upward so that the air is drawn in through the open sides of the tower and is forced upward by the fans. Above the fans the tower supports a series of condenser coils. In some examples, a plurality of steam supply header tubes run lengthwise on the top of the tower and dispense steam downward into angled downwardly extending condenser coils. Water is heated in a boiler to create steam, which is then sent to a high pressure end of a turbine to create work (via change in energy of the steam). The steam at the low pressure end of the turbine then is condensed by the condenser to create a vacuum that pulls the steam through the turbine. At the bottom of the angled downwardly extending condenser coils is a series of collection header tubes which receives condensed fluid and exits it from the tower. The entirety of the condenser coils is usually located above the fans. Air is exhausted out the open top of the tower past the steam supply header tubes. A deck of the fans is added below the coils to provide a greater volume of air flow. The deck typically has a number of fans spaced in a grid-like arrangement, each surrounded by a fan shroud. Other terms for fan shroud are fan inlet bell or fan casing. An example of a different ACC tower is described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0243430.
All of the above types of towers are suitable for various applications and have found wide acceptance in industry. However, it is often desirable in such tower installations to reduce the noise or sound that is produced by the tower. One major cause of noise or sound in some towers is noise that is generated by the operation of the fans themselves. In the case of ACCs, a relatively large number of fans is often present, and thus the desire to reduce the noise associated with each fan is sometimes even greater than with other types of heat exchange towers.
In one aspect, a heat exchange tower comprises at least one fan having fan blades with outer tips rotating in a circle of rotation, and a fan shroud, the fan shroud comprising an outer ring structure, and a sound absorbing material mounted to the outer ring surface and disposed radially inside the outer ring structure and outside of the circle of rotation of the tips of the fan blades.
In another aspect, a heat exchange tower also comprises at least one fan having fan blades with outer tips rotating in a circle of rotation, and a fan shroud, the fan shroud which has an outer supporting means and a sound absorbing means mounted to the outer supporting means disposed radially inside the outer supporting means and outside of the circle of rotation of the tips of the fan blades.
In yet another aspect, a heat exchange tower has at least one fan having fan blades with outer tips rotating in a circle of rotation and a fan shroud, the fan shroud comprising an outer ring structure formed of at least one molded section, the section forming at least one pocket and a sound absorbing material disposed inside the pocket and radially outside of the circle of rotation of the tips of the fan blades.
Another aspect provides a method for reducing sound emitted by a heat exchange tower, the tower having at least one fan blade with outer tips rotating in a circle of rotation, and a fan shroud surrounding the circle of rotation of the tips, comprising the step of providing a sound absorbing material on an inner surface of the shroud between the inner surface of the shroud and the circle of rotation of the blade tips.
Still another aspect provides an air cooled condenser which has a plurality of condenser coils, a fan deck disposed below the condenser coils, the fan deck comprising a plurality of fans having fan blades with outer tips rotating in a circle of rotation, and a plurality of fan shrouds each surrounding a respective fan, each fan shroud comprising an outer ring structure; and a sound absorbing material mounted to the outer ring surface and disposed radially inside the outer ring structure and outside of the circle of rotation of the tips of the fan blades.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, certain embodiments of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof herein may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional embodiments of the invention that will be described below and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of embodiments in addition to those described and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, as well as the abstract, are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a fan shroud for heat exchange tower fans, including a noise reducing material that can reduce fan noise coming from the heat exchange tower. In some embodiments, the fan shroud includes an outer ring structure and the sound absorbing material is disposed inside the outer ring structure and outside the circle of rotation of the tips of the fan blades. Some preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout.
Turning now to
The fan deck 16 is a support structure which typically supports a plurality of individual fans 24 (blades not shown in
An upper frame structure 40 is typically provided to provide overall structural support to the area having the supply headers 30, condenser coils 28, and water headers 32. The coil and header pieces build into an upper superstructure. The frame structure 40 is simply framing for the casing. The casing may extend to approximately the bottom of the steam header or may extend some modest distance above the steam header. This upper frame 40 typically will have all four sides closed by solid or generally non-porous side walls or coverings 42 on all four sides. It will be appreciated that in
The noise absorbing section 104 is adapted to reduce sound coming from the fan tips in particular, and the fan in general. The eased or flared inlet section 102 may be of a relatively conventional construction and can be, for example, made of segments of molded fiberglass material, or may be in sections or a continuous piece of rolled steel. The noise absorbing section 104 includes as some portion thereof a sound absorbing material 114. Various arrangements for mounting the sound absorbing material 114 are discussed further herein. Sound absorbing materials may comprise any known or future discovered sound absorbing material, such as, for example, fiberglass batting or foam. Also, the sound absorbing material may comprise an irregular shaped surface material. By way of example, only some suitable materials include acoustical foam such as that made by SONEX®, or open and closed all flexible polyurethane, polyimide, melamine and other absorption foams, or flexible external viscoelastic and constrained layer products available from SOUNDCOAT®. Simple fiberglass batting such as used for insulation is also suitable. Also, besides the above and other passive materials, locally active materials may be employed. Combinations of different sound absorbing materials may also be used. Further, the sound absorbing material may span entirely around the circumference of the noise absorbing portion 104, may span across arcuate portions of the noise absorbing portion 104, and may span either part of the entire height of the noise absorbing portion 104. Further, although the noise absorbing portion 104 is referred to herein for convenience as having a straight side, it may of course also have either or both of its inner and outer surfaces being a somewhat convex, or somewhat concave shape, or may have an undulating shape. Further, the noise absorbing portion 104 may simply be a truncated cone flaring in either the upwards or downwards direction, or a combination of outward and upward flaring cones.
Turning now particularly to
In the illustrated embodiment, an inner screen 120 is provided inside of the location of the sound absorbing material 114. The screen 120 is at least somewhat permeable to sound so that the sound will be absorbed by the sound absorbing material 114, and further can provide structural support to retain the sound absorbing material 114 in place. In this embodiment, a steel screen is used having 20 to 50 per cent open area. Examples of suitable screens include metal or plastic plate perforated with holes or slots, or metal or plastic mesh. In the case of a sound absorbing material 114 that loses its integrity when subjected to airflow, vibration and/or moisture, the screen 120 serves the function of retaining the sound absorbing material 114 in its place, so that it does not tend to shred or come apart. The screen 120 also reduces the moisture that will enter the sound absorbing material 114 in the case of, for example, rain falling into the fan shroud. Additionally, a water resistant membrane may be placed between screen 120 and sound absorbing material 114. A water resistant membrane example is Gore-Tex® material. In the embodiment as depicted in
Turning further to the sound absorbing portions 204 in the embodiment of
As with the previous embodiment discussed above, a screen 220 is provided forming part of the inner surface of the fan shroud. Disposed between the screen 220 and the pockets 222 are sound absorbing material 214. As illustrated in
The above-described examples show structures that can reduce the sound emitted by a fan deck in an ACC. Aspects of these embodiments can also be applied to other heat exchange tower fans.
The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
