Patent Grant
12158514
A user environment, such as a residence or an office building for example, may be configured using various types of load control systems. A lighting control system may be used to control the lighting loads in the user environment. A motorized window treatment control system may be used to control the natural light provided to the user environment. A heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system may be used to control the temperature in the user environment. Each load control system may include various control devices, including control-source devices and control-target devices. The control-target devices may receive digital messages, which may include load control instructions, for controlling an electrical load from one or more of the control-source devices. The control-target devices may be capable of directly controlling an electrical load. The control-source devices may be capable of indirectly controlling the electrical load via the control-target devices. Examples of control-target devices may include lighting control devices (e.g., a dimmer switch, an electronic switch, a ballast, or a light-emitting diode (LED) driver), a control device (e.g., for a ceiling fan or exhaust fan), a motorized window treatment, a temperature control device (e.g., a thermostat), an AC plug-in load control device, and/or the like. Examples of control-source devices may include remote control devices, occupancy sensors, daylight sensors, temperature sensors, and/or the like.
As described herein, a control device for a ceiling fan may have a motor drive circuit configured to control a rotational speed of a motor of the ceiling fan, an occupancy sensing circuit, and a control circuit configured to detect an occupancy condition or a vacancy condition in a space in response to the occupancy sensing circuit and/or to control the motor drive circuit to adjust the rotational speed of the motor in response to the detected occupancy or vacancy condition. The occupancy sensing circuit may comprise a passive infrared (PIR) sensing circuit configured to generate a sense signal that indicates the occupancy condition or a vacancy condition in the space. The occupancy sensing circuit may also comprise an image sensing circuit, for example, a thermopile array or an image processor that is responsive to an image sensing circuit (e.g., a camera) for recording an image of the space. Alternatively and/or additionally, the occupancy sensing circuit may comprise a RADAR circuit and one or more transmit and receive antennas for transmitting and receiving RADAR signals to detect occupancy in the space.
The control circuit of the control device may be configured to process the signals generated by the occupancy sensing circuit(s) to eliminate the effects of vibrations and/or wobbling of the ceiling fan. The control device may comprise a movement sensing device (e.g., an accelerometer) configured to generate an output signal that indicates a magnitude of vibrations and/or wobbling of the ceiling fan. For example, the control circuit may be configured to process the sense signal from the PIR sensing circuit and the output signal using an adaptive noise cancelling algorithm to eliminate the effects of the vibrations and/or wobbling of the ceiling fan on the sense signal. In addition, the control circuit may be configured to process image sensing signals from the image sensing circuit, and/or RADAR signals from the RADAR circuit, using a stabilization algorithm to eliminate the effects of the vibrations and/or wobbling of the ceiling fan on the image sensing signals and/or RADAR signals, respectively.
The control circuit may be configured to control the motor drive circuit to adjust the rotational speed of the motor in response to the accelerometer output signal to minimize the magnitude of the wobble of the ceiling fan. The control circuit may be configured to control the motor drive circuit to adjust the rotational speed of the motor to avoid rotational speeds at which the wobble is greatest. The control circuit may be configured to learn the rotational speeds of the motor at which the wobble is greatest during a configuration and/or setup procedure of the control device.
The control circuit may be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor. For example, the control circuit may be configured to learn the preferred rotational speed for the motor in response to repeatedly receiving a command to control the motor to a particular rotational speed. The control circuit may be configured to learn the preferred rotational speed for the motor in response to the received commands along with other information, such as a present temperature of the space and/or a time of the day.
The control circuit may also be configured to control the rotational speed of the motor to affect a thermal comfort level of an occupant. The control circuit may be configured to calculate a thermal comfort level of an occupant of the space using one or more of a level of human activity of the occupant (e.g., as determined from the occupancy sensing circuits), a present air temperature measured by a temperature sensing circuit, a humidity level measured by a humidity sensing circuit, information (e.g., including time of day, time of year, geographical location, and weather conditions) received by a communication circuit, and the rotational speed of the motor. The control circuit may be further configured to control the rotational speed of the motor of the ceiling fan in response to the calculated thermal comfort level to provide air flow that provides the best comfort.
The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to receive wired or wireless signals, such as radio-frequency (RF) signals 102, for controlling the operation of the motor. The load control system 100 may comprise a remote control device 120 (e.g., a battery-powered RF remote control) for transmitting RF signals 102 including commands for controlling the ceiling fan in response to actuations of a plurality of buttons, e.g., an on button 122, an off button 124, an increase speed button 125, a decrease speed button 126, and a preset button 128. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to turn the motor on and off in response to actuations of the on and off buttons 122, 124 of the remote control device 120, respectively. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to increase and decrease the rotational speed of the motor by a predetermined amount in response to actuations of the increase speed button 125 and the decrease speed button 126, respectively. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to adjust the rotational speed of the motor to a preset rotational speed in response to an actuation of the preset button 128. The control device may be further configured to adjust the direction of rotation of the motor in response to an actuation of one of the buttons 122-128 (or other button(s)) of the remote control device 120. One will recognize that the control device of the ceiling fan 110 may also and/or alternatively be configured to receive control signals from a control device via a wired communication link.
The load control system 100 may comprise one or more temperature control devices, e.g., a thermostat 130 for controlling a room temperature in the room in which the ceiling fan is installed. The thermostat 130 may be coupled to a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system 132 via a control link (e.g., an analog control link) or a digital communication link (e.g., a wired or wireless digital communication link) and may be configured to communicate digital messages with a controller of the HVAC system. The thermostat 130 may comprise an internal temperature sensor for measuring the present temperature of the room and may control the HVAC system 132 to adjust the present temperature in the room towards a setpoint temperature. The ceiling fan 110 may also comprise a temperature sensor configured to measure the present temperature of the room (e.g., via a vent 116) and/or a humidity sensor configured to measure a present humidity level in the room. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to transmit the measured temperature and/or measured humidity level to the thermostat 130 via the RF signals 102 (or alternatively, via a wired communication link) The HVAC system 132 may be configured to turn a compressor on and off for cooling the room and to turn a heating source on and off for heating the rooms in response to the control signals received from the thermostat 130. The HVAC system 132 may be configured to turn a fan of the HVAC system on and off in response to the control signals received from the thermostat 130. The thermostat 130 may be configured to transmit the present mode of the HVAC system 132 (e.g., heating or cooling) to the ceiling fan 110, and the control device may be configured to adjust the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the blades 112 in response to the mode of the HVAC system 132. As another example, the control device of the ceiling fan may be configured to receive from the thermostat 130 the present temperature and/or present humidity level in the room as measured by the thermostat 130, such as if the ceiling fan does not comprise such sensors.
The load control system 100 may comprise a system controller 140 (e.g., a central processor or load controller) configured to communicate digital messages to and from the control devices of the load control system (e.g., the ceiling fan 110, the remote control device 120, and/or the thermostat 130). The system controller 140 may be configured to be coupled to a network 142, such as a wireless or wired local area network (LAN), e.g., for access to the Internet. The system controller 140 may be wirelessly connected to the network, e.g., using Wi-Fi technology. The system controller 140 may be coupled to the network via a network communication bus (e.g., an Ethernet communication link) The system controller 140 may be configured to communicate via the network with one or more network devices, e.g., a mobile device, such as, a personal computing device and/or a wearable wireless device. Examples of load control systems operable to communicate with mobile and/or network devices on a network are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0030589, published Jan. 31, 2013, entitled LOAD CONTROL DEVICE HAVING INTERNET CONNECTIVITY, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The system controller 140 may be configured to transmit information (wirelessly and/or via a wired communication link) (e.g., a time of day and/or year, geographical location, weather information, etc.) to the ceiling fan, and the control device of the fan may be configured to adjust the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor in response to the information received from the system controller.
The operation of the load control system 100 (including the ceiling fan 110) may be programmed and configured using, for example, the mobile device or other network device (e.g., when the mobile device is a personal computing device). The mobile device may execute a graphical user interface (GUI) configuration software for allowing a user to program how the load control system 100 will operate. For example, the configuration software may run as a PC application or a web interface. Examples of configuration procedures for load control systems are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,391,297, issued Jun. 24, 2008, entitled HANDHELD PROGRAMMER FOR A LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0092075, published Apr. 17, 2008, entitled METHOD OF BUILDING A DATABASE OF A LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014-0265568, filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled COMMISSIONING LOAD CONTROL SYSTEMS, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may include one or more internal occupancy sensing circuits for detecting an occupancy and/or vacancy condition in the space in which the ceiling fan 110 is located. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may include a passive infrared (PIR) sensing circuit including, for example, a pyroelectric infrared detector for receiving infrared energy of an occupant that is moving in the space through a lens 118 of the ceiling fan 110. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may include an image sensing circuit including, for example, a thermopile array or an image capturing circuit (e.g., a camera) for recording an image of the space through, for example, the lens 118. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may include a radio detection and ranging (RADAR) circuit, for example, one or more transmit and receive antennas configured to transmit and receive frequency chirps to detect occupancy. Vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan may introduce interference (e.g., noise) into the signals generated by the internal occupancy sensing circuits. The control device may include a movement sensing device (e.g., an accelerometer) for determining a magnitude and direction of the vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan 110. The accelerometer may be internally integrated in the control device. The control device may be configured to use an adaptive noise cancelling algorithm and/or an image stabilization algorithm to reduce the effects of the noise (e.g., the vibrations and wobbling) on the signals generated by the occupancy sensor circuits. In general, the control device of the ceiling fan 110 may use detected occupancy and/or vacancy conditions in the space to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the fan motor. The control device of the ceiling fan 110 may also communicate the detected occupancy and/or vacancy conditions in the space to other devices of load control system 100, such as system controller 140, thermostat 130, etc., which may use the detected conditions to control the system.
In one or more examples, the control device of the ceiling fan may include a control circuit. The control circuit may be configured to process a PIR sense signal that is received from the PIR sensing circuit to minimize the effects of noise on the PIR sense signal. As described herein, the noise may be caused by the wobbling/vibrations of the ceiling fan and measured by the accelerometer, for example. The control circuit may use an adaptive noise cancelling algorithm to subtract the noise from the PIR sense signal. The adaptive noise cancelling algorithm may include a noise cancellation filter (e.g., an adaptive filter). The adaptive filter may adjust its impulse response to minimize an error signal based on a feedback loop and/or using a root mean square function. The error signal may increase or decrease in response to a filter output. For example, the PIR sensor may measure a primary signal that is corrupted by noise caused by wobbling of the fan (e.g., a primary signal). A summing device may be used to compare the primary signal with a filtered noise signal produced by the adaptive filter.
The adaptive filter may adjust the filtered noise signal based on a feedback loop. The feedback loop may generate an error signal that indicates a match or a mismatch between the PIR sense signal and the noise signal (e.g., in phase and amplitude). The adaptive filter may adjust an impulse response to minimize the error signal via a mean square approach. In the mean square approach, the error signal may increase or decrease in response to an output of the adaptive filter. For example, a Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm may be used to adjust the filtering and the impulse response.
The control circuit may calibrate the PIR sense signal in an unoccupied space with a wobbling fan using the LMS algorithm. The PIR sense signal (i.e., detection of occupancy) may be generated by the motion detected by the moving/wobbling of the PIR sensor. The wobbling may also be measured by the accelerometer and indicated by the accelerometer output signal. The PIR sense signal may be sinusoidal, and the accelerometer output signal may also be sinusoidal. The PIR sense signal and the accelerometer output signal may have the same frequency but differ in amplitude and/or phase. The LMS filter that minimizes the mismatch between the PIR sense signal and the accelerometer output signal may adjust filter coefficients so that the PIR sense signal and the accelerometer output signal may have a matching amplitude and/or phase. For example, the amplitude and/or phase of the PIR sense signal may be the same as those of the accelerometer output signal. When the PIR sense signal and/or the accelerometer output signal are not sinusoidal (e.g., with uncorrelated random noise), the LMS filter may adjust the filter coefficients to minimize the error signal (e.g., a mean square error). The minimized error signal may correspond to a set of filter coefficients that may be used to match the PIR sense signal and the accelerometer output signal so the error signal is zero, for example.
Once the filter coefficients have been determined, the calibration routine may end and the adaptive filter may be used during normal operation with the determined filter coefficients. The PIR sense signal may include two components, a first component indicating the occupancy of the space and a second noise component introduced by the wobbling of the fan. The second component may also be indicated by the accelerometer output signal. The accelerometer output signal, after being filtered using the set of filter coefficients determined during the calibration routine, may be subtracted from the PIR sense signal, leaving the first component indicating the occupancy of the space.
According to another and/or additional example, the control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to adjust the rotational speed of the motor to minimize the magnitude of the wobble of the ceiling fan. For example, the control device may be configured to adjust the rotational speed of the motor to avoid rotational speeds at which the wobble is greatest. The control device may be configured to determine (e.g., learn) the rotational speeds of the motor at which the wobble is greatest during a configuration and/or setup procedure of the ceiling fan 110 as will be described in greater detail below.
According to another and/or additional example, the control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor. For example, the control device may be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor based on use of the ceiling fan 110 (e.g., frequent and/or repeated commands received from the remote control device 120) and possibly also the present temperature in the space as measured by the internal temperature sensing circuit (or an external temperature sensing circuit such as thermostat 130). In addition, the control device may be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor based on use of the ceiling fan 110 (e.g., frequent and/or repeated commands received from the remote control device 120) and the present time of day (e.g., as received from the system controller 140). Here again present temperature in the space may also be used.
According to another and/or additional example, the control device of the ceiling fan 110 may be configured to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor to affect a thermal comfort level of an occupant of the space. The thermal comfort level of the occupant may be influenced by one or more of the metabolic rate of the occupant, the clothing insulation of the occupant, the air temperature, the mean radiant temperature, the air speed, and the humidity level. The control device may be configured to determine the present air temperature of the space and the humidity level using the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor of the ceiling fan 110, respectively (or possibly receive these measurements from an external device, such as thermostat 130). The control device may be configured to determine the air speed based on the known geometries of the blades 112, the present rotational speed of the blades, and the direction of rotation of the blades. The control device may be configured to determine the mean radiant temperature using the time of the day, weather conditions, and geographic location (e.g., as received from the system controller 140). The control device may be configured to estimate the clothing level/insulation of the occupant based on the geographic location, time of year, and weather conditions (e.g., as received from the system controller 140). The control device may be configured to infer the metabolic rate of the occupant by estimating a level of human activity of the occupant(s) in the space (e.g., based on the occupancy sensing circuits). The control device may be configured to calculate an estimated thermal comfort level of the occupant using one or more of these parameters (e.g., the metabolic rate of the occupant, the clothing level of the occupant, the present air temperature of the space, the mean radiant temperature, the air speed, and the humidity level) and control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor to provide the airflow that provides “the best” comfort for the occupant, as describe below. If the control device is not able to measure, estimate, and/or calculate all of these parameters, the control device may be configured to make reasonable assumptions (e.g., configured to use default estimated values) about the value of these parameters to arrive at a reasonable solution.
The control circuit 214 may comprise, for example, one or more of a microprocessor, a programmable logic device (PLD), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any suitable processing device(s) or control circuit(s). The control circuit 214 may comprise a memory for storage of operational characteristics of the control device 200A as described herein. The memory may comprise an internal non-volatile memory of a microprocessor of the control circuit 214 or an external memory coupled to the microprocessor. The control circuit 214 may generate one or more drive signals VDR for controlling the motor drive circuit 212. The motor drive circuit 212 may receive line voltage from an alternating-current (AC) power source and may control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 in response to the drive signals VDR received from the control circuit 214.
The control circuit 214 may receive one or more motor feedback signals VFB that indicate a rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 from a rotational sensor circuit 216. The rotational sensor circuit 216 may comprise other suitable position sensors or sensor arrangements, such as, for example, Hall-effect, optical, or resistive sensors. The control circuit 214 may execute a motor control routine 230 for generating the drive signals VDR to control the rotational speed of the motor 210 in response to the motor feedback signals VFB received from the rotational sensor circuit 216. Examples of rotational sensing circuits are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,839,109, issued Nov. 23, 2010, entitled METHOD OF CONTROLLING A MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,950,461, issued Feb. 10, 2015, entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The control device 200A may comprise a power supply 218 that may receive the line voltage and generate a direct-current (DC) supply voltage VCC for powering the control circuit 214 and the other low-voltage circuitry of the control device 200A. If the motor 210 is a DC motor, the power supply 218 could also generate a DC bus voltage, which the motor drive circuit 212 could use to drive the motor (e.g., rather than the line voltage).
The control circuit 214 may execute an occupancy detection routine 232 (which may be a hardware, software, and/or firm ware based module) for detecting an occupancy and/or vacancy condition in the space in which the ceiling fan (that is controlled by the motor drive unit 200A) is located. The control circuit 214 may receive signals from one or more sensing circuits, e.g., a passive infrared (PIR) sensing circuit 220 and/or an image sensing circuit 222, which may be used by the occupancy detection routine 232 to determine the occupancy and/or vacancy conditions in the space. The motor control routine 230 may control the motor 210 in response to the determination of occupancy and/or vacancy conditions in the space by the occupancy detection routine 232. The control circuit 214 may communicate the occupancy and/or vacancy conditions to other devices of system 200A via communication circuit 226. The sensing circuits of the motor drive unit 200A may comprise additional and/or other types of occupancy sensing circuits or motion sensing circuits.
The PIR sensing circuit 220 may comprise, for example, a pyroelectric infrared detector for receiving infrared energy of an occupant that is moving in the space through a lens of the ceiling fan (e.g., the lens 118 of the ceiling fan 110 shown in
The image sensing circuit 222 may be configured to generate one or more image sensing signals VIS that are representative of the sensed environmental characteristics of the space in which the ceiling fan 110 is installed (e.g., an occurrence of movement, an amount of movement, a direction of movement, a velocity of movement, a counted number of occupants, a light intensity, a light color, an amount of direct sunlight penetration, etc.). For example, the image sensing signals VIS may indicate the presence of an occupant in the space that is moving or not moving. The image sensing circuit 222 may allow for the detection of an occupant that is sleeping (e.g., not moving). For example, the image sensing circuit 222 may comprise a thermopile array that may sense absolute temperature. The image sensing circuit may be configured to generate one or more image sensing signals that indicate an entering of and/or exiting of an occupant.
The image sensing circuit 222 may be configured to generate one or more image sensing signals that indicate the presence and/or the activity levels of multiple occupants. The multiple occupants may be at various activity levels that are indicated by different moving states of the occupants. For example, the image sensing circuit 222 may be configured to generate one or more image sensing signals that indicate a presence of a first occupant in the space that is a moving state, and the PIR sensor is configured to generate one or more PIR sense signals that indicate a presence of a second occupant in the space that is in a different moving state. The moving state of the first occupant and the moving state of the second occupant may indicate a level of occupant activities of the first occupant that is lower than the level of occupant activities of the second occupant.
The image sensing circuit 222 may also comprise, for example, a visible light sensing circuit, which may include an image recording circuit (such as a camera) and an image processing circuit (such as an image processor). The image processor may comprise a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a programmable logic device (PLD), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any suitable processing device. The camera may be positioned towards the space in which one or more environmental characteristics are to be sensed (e.g., into the space in which the ceiling fan is located). The camera may be configured to record an image (e.g., through a lens). The image may be provided to the image processor. The image processor may be configured to process the image and provide the image sensing signals VIS to the control circuit 214. The image processor of the image sensing circuit 222 and/or the control circuit may include a chip (e.g., LC898111AXB) that performs image stabilization on the image sensing signal. When part of the control circuit, this chip may be represented by stabilization routine 240.
Vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan may introduce interference (e.g., noise) into the PIR sense signal VPIR and/or the image sensing signals VIS. The control device 200A may further comprise a movement sensing device, e.g., an accelerometer 224, such as, a micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer for generating an accelerometer output signal VACC representative of the noise (e.g., indicating the magnitude and direction of the vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan). The accelerometer output signal may be a single dimensional signal or a multidimensional signal (e.g., having two axes in x and y directions or having three axes in x, y, and z directions). The single dimensional signal or a multidimensional signal may indicate a change in a quantifiable parameter that is measured within the MEMS device, such as, for example, a change in capacitance due to a deflection of a cantilevered beam within the MEMS device, or a change in temperature of an enclosed heated gas within the MEMS device, etc. The accelerometer output signal VACC may be, for example, an oscillating (or sinusoidal) waveform having an amplitude and a frequency that are dependent upon the vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan. For example, the magnitude and direction of the vibrations and wobbling of the ceiling fan may be dependent upon the present rotational speed of the motor.
The control circuit 214 may use an adaptive noise cancelling algorithm to eliminate the effects of the noise (e.g., the vibrations and wobbling) on the PIR sense signal VPIR generated by the PIR sensing circuit 220. For example, the accelerometer may determine the wobbling as represented by signal VACC and the control circuit 214 may filter this signal using an adaptive filter 234 (e.g., a digital filter) to generate a filtered noise signal VN. The filtered noise signal VN may be subtracted from the PIR sense signal VPIR (e.g., by a summation function 236 of the control circuit) to generate a stabilized PIR sense signal VPIR-S that may indicate a detection of an occupancy and/or vacancy condition in the space by the PIR sensing circuit 220. The filtering characteristics of the adaptive filter 234 may be adjusted by an adaptive filter adjustment routine 238, for example, in response to both the accelerometer output signal VACC and the stabilized PIR sense signal VPIR-S. For example, the adaptive filter adjustment routine 238 may use a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm or other suitable algorithm for adjusting the filtering characteristics of the adaptive filter 234.
The PIR sensing circuit 220 may be located in a base portion (e.g., the base portion 114) of the fan. The lens for the PIR sensing circuit may be installed on a bottom surface of the base portion or any non-rotating surface (e.g., not on the fan blades) and directed into a space (e.g., a room) with a sufficient view (e.g., 360° view) of the space. Air flow may have an impact on the PIR sensing signal. For example, air flow may have less impact on the PIR sensing signal when the PIR sensing circuit 220 is located in the base of the fan than when the PIR sensing circuit is positioned at locations other than the base of the fan. A microwave Doppler sensor may be used to increase robustness of a sensing signal against interference associated with the air flow.
The control circuit 214 may use a stabilization algorithm to eliminate the effects of the noise (e.g., the vibrations and wobbling) on the image sensing signals VIS generated by the image sensing circuit 222. For example, the control circuit 214 may process the image sensing signals VIS using a stabilization routine 240 to generate one or more stabilized image sensing signals VIS-S. Stabilization routine 240 may be, for example, a chip (e.g., LC898111AXB) that performs image stabilization on the image sensing signal, although other chips and/or routines may be used. Again, stabilization routine 240 may be part of the image sensing circuit 222, or a combination thereof. The occupancy detection routine 232 may use the stabilized PIR sense signal VPIR-S and the stabilized image sensing signals VIS-S to determine an occupancy and/or vacancy condition in the space (e.g., occupancy sensing signal). The control circuit 214 may use the occupancy sensing signal to control the motor drive circuit to adjust the rotational speed of the motor. Again, the control circuit 214 may also or alternatively communicate the occupancy sensing to other devices of system 100.
The motor control routine 230 of the control circuit 214 may be configured to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 in response to the accelerometer output signal VACC generated by the accelerometer 224. The control circuit 214 may be configured to adjust the rotational speed of the motor 210 to minimize the magnitude of the wobble of the ceiling fan. For example, the control circuit 214 may be configured to adjust the rotational speed of the motor 210 to avoid rotational speeds at which the wobble is greatest. The control circuit 214 may be configured to calculate the magnitude of the wobble by calculating a root-mean square (RMS) value of the accelerometer output signal VACC (e.g., to determine the energy of the wobble).
The control circuit 214 may be configured to determine (e.g., learn) the rotational speeds of the motor 210 at which the wobble is greatest during a configuration and/or setup procedure of the control device 200A. For example, the control circuit 214 may be configured to step through various rotational speeds of the motor 210, calculate the magnitude of the wobble (e.g., by calculating the RMS value of the accelerometer output signal VACC) at each of the various speeds, compare the calculated magnitude of the wobble to a wobble threshold, and flag the specific rotational speed (e.g., in memory) if the magnitude of the wobble is greater than the wobble threshold. The control circuit 214 may be configured to avoid the flagged rotational speeds (and/or a region around the flagged rotational speeds) during normal operation of the control device 200A. For example, if the control circuit 214 is presently increasing the rotational speed of the motor 210 and the desired rotational speed (e.g., a target rotational speed) is flagged, the control circuit may continue increasing the rotational speed of the motor until the next highest unflagged rotational speed is reached (or similarly, decrease the speed until an unflagged rotational speed is reached). Similarly, if the control circuit 214 is presently decreasing the rotational speed of the motor 210 and the desired rotational speed is flagged, the control circuit may continue decreasing the rotational speed of the motor until the next lowest unflagged rotational speed is reached (or similarly, increase the speed until an unflagged rotational speed is reached).
The control device 200A may also comprise a communication circuit 226, such as, a wired communication circuit or a wireless communication circuit (e.g., an RF transceiver coupled to an antenna for transmitting and/or receiving RF signals). Alternatively, the communication circuit 226 may include an RF receiver for receiving RF signals or an infrared (IR) receiver for receiving IR signals. The control circuit 214 may be coupled to the communication circuit 226 for transmitting and/or receiving digital messages. For example, the digital messages received via the communication circuit 226 may include commands for controlling the motor 210 or other information, such as an HVAC or thermostat mode (e.g., heating or cooling), a time of time and/or year, geographical location, weather information, etc. The motor control routine 230 of the control circuit 214 may be configured to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 in response to the command(s) received via the communication circuit 226 (e.g., from the remote control device 120). The motor control routine 230 of the control circuit 214 may also be configured to adaptively adjust the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 in response to the information (e.g., the HVAC or thermostat mode, the time of day and/or year, the geographical location, and/or the weather information) received via the communication circuit 226 (e.g., from the system controller 140). The control circuit 214 may also be able to transmit digital messages (e.g., including status information regarding the operation of the motor 210, occupancy and/or vacancy conditions, etc.) via the communication circuit 226 (e.g., to the system controller 140).
The control device 200A may further comprise a temperature sensing circuit 228 for measuring a present temperature in the space. The temperature sensing circuit 228 may be configured to generate a temperature sensing signal VTEMP that indicates the present temperature measured by the temperature sensing circuit 228. The motor control routine 230 of the control circuit 214 may be configured to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 in response to the temperature sensing signal VTEMP. In addition, the control device 200A may comprise a humidity sensing circuit (not shown) for measuring the humidity level in the space. Again, the control device 200A may alternatively receive this information via communications circuit 226 from an external device, such as thermostat 130. The control device 200A may also communicate any temperature and/or humidity level it measures to an external device via communications circuit 226.
The control circuit 214 may also execute a learning routine 242 for learning a preferred rotational speed for the motor 210. The control circuit 214 may be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor 210 based on use of the ceiling fan (e.g., frequent and/or repeated commands received via the communication circuit 226) and possibly also the present temperature in the space as measured by the temperature sensing circuit 228, for example. For example, the control circuit 214 may be configured to store a particular rotational speed as the preferred rotational speed if a user repeatedly controls the ceiling fan to the particular rotational speed when the present temperature in the space reaches a particular temperature. The control circuit 214 may also be configured to learn a preferred rotational speed for the motor 210 based on use of the ceiling fan (e.g., frequent and/or repeated commands received via the communication circuit 226) and other information, such as, the present time of day or year. Here again present temperature in the space may also be used.
The control circuit 214 may also be configured to control the rotational speed and/or direction of rotation of the motor 210 to affect a thermal comfort level of an occupant of the space. In spaces where temperature and/or humidity control (i.e., local HVAC control) are not available, changing the fan speed may be the only means for an occupant to adjust environmental conditions to affect thermal comfort. However, this process may also be used even for systems where temperature and/or humidity control is available, to automatically adjust the thermal comfort level of a room by adjusting the fan speed.
The control device 200B may further contain a RADAR sensing circuit 252. The RADAR sensing circuit may contain one or more transmit and receive antennas. The one or more antennas may be configured to communicate (transmit and/or receive) wireless RADAR signals. The RADAR signals may have a frequency between 20 gigaHertz (GHz) and 80 GHz, for example. The RADAR signals may use a frequency band according to an Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) regulated frequency band, such as 24 GHz or 60 GHz, for example.
The RADAR signals may be generated using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of the RADAR sensing circuit 252. The RADAR signals may be transmitted in linear chirps. For example, the frequency of the transmitted RADAR signals may increase linearly with respect to time over a given frequency band. The transmitted frequencies may be adjusted to create the linear chirps by controlling the VCO of the RADAR sensing circuit 252. For example, the transmitted RADAR signals may have frequency chirps with start and stop frequencies of 60 GHz and 64 GHz, respectively, wherein the start and stop frequencies define a bandwidth of the frequency chirp. For example, the RADAR signals may be transmitted as a linear ramp, increasing in frequency at rate of 100 megaHertz per microsecond (MHz/μs). One will understand this example is provided for illustrative purposes only, and that other frequencies and bandwidths may be used to achieve the same, or similar, effects.
The transmitted RADAR signals may be reflected by objects in an environment or room surrounding the control device 200B. The reflected RADAR signals may then be received by one or more receive antennas of the RADAR sensing circuit 252. The received reflected RADAR signals may contain a large amount of zero-frequency (DC frequency) components attributed to reflected RADAR signals off of stationary objects, and a small amount, for example, of low-frequency shifted (Doppler shifted) components attributed to the reflected RADAR signals off of moving objects, such as a person(s) when the room is occupied, due to small movements of the object/occupant compressing and rarefacting the RADAR signals. Techniques for transmitting linear chirps and processing Doppler signals are known in the art and are described, for example, in “Fundamentals of RADAR Signal Processing”, second edition, by Mark A. Richards, published Jan. 14, 2014 by McGraw-Hill Professional Engineering, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, although other methods may be used.
When the ceiling fan is on and the oscillations of the fan create wobble, in addition to the Doppler signals from moving object(s), the received RADAR signals may also contain noise due to the wobbling of the fan. That is, the oscillations of the ceiling fan may make the entire room appear in motion, such that all of the received RADAR signals, when processed, may have non-zero frequency components around the oscillation frequency of the fan, in addition to Doppler signals which are additionally shifted in frequency due to the fan wobble (i.e., because of the fan wobble, it may not be possible to detect whether an object in a space is actually in motion). To address this issue, the received RADAR signals may be processed by a Doppler stabilization routine 250, which may process the received RADAR signals to ignore noise effects due to wobbling of the fan (that is, detected harmonic frequency content) from the received RADAR signals. After processing via the Doppler stabilization routine 250, the processed RADAR signals may then be evaluated by the occupancy detection routine 232′ to detect occupancy from the received RADAR signals (i.e., to determine whether or not an object in the space is in motion/whether or not a space is occupied). The occupancy detection routine 232′ may detect occupancy based on the presence of one more Doppler shifted components in the processed RADAR signals. One example control circuit which may be used for the Doppler stabilization routine and the RADAR sensing circuit, for example, is the IWR6843 chip manufactured by Texas Instruments for 60- to 64-GHz millimeter-Wave sensors, which integrates these two components.
The filtering characteristics of the adaptive filter may be calibrated during a vacancy condition (i.e., when the control circuit determines the room is not occupied) via an optimization algorithm to learn the appropriate adaptive filter coefficients. The filtering characteristics of the adaptive filter may be calibrated by adjusting one or more adaptive filter coefficients using the process 300. The one or more adaptive filter coefficients may be adjusted after a power-up of the control circuit 214.
The process 300 for calibrating the adaptive filter may start at 302, where the accelerometer output signal VACC and the PIR sense signal VPIR are received by the control circuit. At 304, the control circuit may apply an adaptive filter to the accelerometer output signal VACC to generate a filtered accelerometer output signal VN. At 306, the filtered accelerometer output signal V N may be subtracted from the PIR sense signal VPIR to generate an error signal (which is represented by VPIR-S during calibration). For example, the error signal may indicate how well the accelerometer output signal VN aligns with the PIR sense signal VPIR.
At 308, the control circuit may determine whether the error signal is minimized. For example, the error signal may be compared with a previous error signal that was obtained using the process described herein. If the error signal is not minimized, the process 300 may proceed to 310, where the one or more adaptive filter coefficients may be adjusted based on the error signal. The process 300 may proceed through 304-308 using the adjusted adaptive filter coefficients. If it is determined that the error signal is not minimized at 308, the process 300 may proceed to 310 to further adjust the adaptive filter coefficients. For example, the adjustment of the adaptive filter coefficients may be an iterative process until the error signal is minimized to a threshold (e.g., a zero error signal). The threshold may be predetermined and may be based on previous error measurements. As another alternative, the iterative process may continue until adjustment of the adaptive filter coefficients no longer change the error signal, or only result in delta change that is below a defined value. Other variations are possible. When the control circuit determines that the error signal has been minimized, the adjusted adaptive filter coefficients may be stored at 312. For example, the control circuit may store the adjusted adaptive filter coefficients in a volatile or non-volatile memory for later use. According to one example, process 300 may be performed at one representative fan speed (e.g., a medium level speed), and a single set of filter coefficients determined that are used for all fan speeds during normal operation of the fan. According to another example, process 300 may be performed multiple times at multiple various fan speeds (e.g., low, medium, and high), and set of filter coefficients determined for each speed. Thereafter, depending at which speed the fan is set at during normal operation of the fan, adaptive filter 234 is configured with the corresponding coefficients. According to one example, coefficients may be determined for every possible fan speeds. According to another example, coefficients may be determined for a representative set of fan speeds and one of the representative sets then used depending on the selected fan speed during normal operation (such as using the coefficients at the fan speed closest to selected fan speed. One will recognize other examples are possible.
The process 400 may start at 402 where an accelerometer output signal VACC and a PIR sense signal VPIR are received. The adaptive filter may be applied to the accelerometer output signal VACC to generate a filtered accelerometer output signal VN at 404. The adaptive filter may be characterized by one or more adaptive filter coefficients (e.g., the adjusted adaptive filter coefficients that were stored as described in
At step 424, the reflected RADAR chirp may be received by one or more receiving antennas of the RADAR sensing circuit 252. The stabilization routine 250 may then take a fast time Fourier transform (FFT) of the received RADAR chirp signal. The RADAR sensing circuit may continue transmitting and receiving additional RADAR chirps, repeating steps 422-426, for a number N times, and the Doppler stabilization routine 250 of the control circuit 214′ may calculate a fast time FFT of each received/reflected RADAR chirp. The fast time FFT may provide an indication of the range of an object from the source (that is, a distance of an object from the transmit antenna(s)).
The Doppler stabilization routine 250 of the control circuit 214′ may place each fast time FFT for each reflected RADAR chirp into respective rows, for example, to create a two dimensional (2D) array. Each fast time FFT may have a number of frequencies, or range bins, such as, for example, M frequencies. For example, for a number of N received chirps, corresponding to N fast time FFTs having M frequencies (or range bins), a 2D N×M array may then be generated by the Doppler stabilization routine 250. The N×M array may be used to calculate an N-point slow time FFT (that is, a second dimension Fourier transform) for each range bin (or column) in the N×M array using the N fast time FFT spectra calculated from the reflected RADAR chirps at step 432. Each slow time FFT may correspond to a Doppler spectrum for the respective range bin.
At step 434, the control circuit 214′ may process the slow time FFT Doppler spectra to identify harmonic frequencies due to the fan oscillation. For example, Doppler signals which indicate occupancy may be at a very low frequency (less than 200 Hertz), whereas the wobbling of the ceiling fan may generate noise that is harmonic in nature, that is, generating peaks in the slow time FFT that appear at multiples of a base frequency due to the periodic nature of the oscillation of the fan wobble. For example, for movement of one meter per second (m/s) the wobbling of the ceiling fan may generate peaks in the slow time FFT spectra at a frequency of 200 Hertz, and harmonics thereof. The control circuit may detect the harmonic frequencies at step 434 and ignore them. That is, the control circuit 214′ may detect a repeated harmonic frequency pattern and may ignore all peaks in the repeated harmonic frequency pattern. This may be done by the Doppler stabilization routine 250 or by the occupancy detection routine 232′.
At step 436, the control circuit may further determine whether the processed slow time FFT has non-harmonic frequency components. For example, the remaining non-harmonic frequency components may be Doppler frequency components that may indicate occupancy. If the processed slow time FFT does not contain any peaks with non-harmonic frequency components, the control circuit 214′ may determine at step 440 that the space is not occupied, and the RADAR sensing circuit may continue to transmit RADAR chirps at step 422. However, if the processed slow time FFT does contain peaks with non-harmonic frequency components (i.e., the control circuit identifies one or more Doppler peaks due to Doppler-shifted frequencies, that is, Doppler frequencies that have been shifted due to the fan wobble), the control circuit may determine that the space is occupied at step 442. The process may then end.
The occupancy determination made in steps 440, 442, may further be used to control the ceiling fan and/or other load control devices within the space. For example, if no occupancy has been detected over a timeout period, the control circuit may turn off the fan. One will recognize that process 420 is an example, and other example processes are possible.
One will understand a similar, but simpler, occupancy detection process may be used when the fan is off. For example, the slow time FFT will have a zero frequency component (DC component) corresponding to reflected RADAR signals where no motion has occurred. In this case, a window function of the slow time FFT around the frequencies of interest in the Doppler spectrum (e.g., approximately 0.5 Hertz-500 Hertz) would be sufficient in detecting occupancy in the room when no harmonic oscillation due to the wobbling of the ceiling fan is present.
Once having the comfort equation, it may then be used to calculate a PMV value using the PMV model which may be represented as shown in equation [8]. The PMV value predicts the mean thermal perception an occupant(s) from cold to hot valued on a seven-point scale from −3 to +3, respectively, for the given occupant specific factors and environmental conditions. Equation [9] describes the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) occupants, based on the PMV value.
According to one example, the PMV calculation may be simplified. For example, work, W, may be approximated as equal to zero. The clothing surface area factor fcl may be approximated as 1.63. The control circuit 214 may be configured to infer the metabolic rate of the occupant by estimating a level of human activity of the occupant (e.g., based on the PIR sensing circuit 220 and/or the image sensing circuit 222). The metabolic rate, M, may vary from 0.7 for an occupant with little movement (i.e., an occupant that is sleeping) to 10 for an occupant that is very active. A value for the metabolic rate may be chosen using the PIR sensor, for example. The PIR sensor may have count values which correspond to activity levels. For example, a room with no activity may have very low count values and a room that is occupied may have count values above an occupied threshold. The control circuit may use the count value from the PIR sensor to determine a metabolic rate. For example, when the room is occupied, a low PIR count value may mean that a person is sleeping, and a low metabolic rate, such as 0.7 or 1, may be used by the control circuit. A very high PIR count value close to the circuit maximum may correspond to a metabolic rate of 10, with medium values of PIR count scaled between 1 and 10 for metabolic rate. Similarly or alternatively, metabolic rate may be estimated from the image sensing circuit 222.
The control circuit 214 may be configured to determine the air speed, va, based on the known geometries of the fan blades (e.g., the blades 112), the present rotational speed of the motor 210, and the direction of rotation of the motor. The relative mean air speed, var, may be approximated as equal to va. The control circuit 214 may be configured to estimate the mean radiant temperature tr using the time of the day, weather conditions, and geographic location (e.g., as received from the system controller 140), or the control circuit may approximate the mean radiant temperature as equal to the air temperature ta.
The control circuit 214 may be configured to estimate the clothing insulation level Icl of the occupant based on the geographic location, time of year, and/or weather conditions (e.g., as received from the system controller 140). Icl values are measured in units of [clo] and typically range from 0.5 [clo] for an occupant wearing shorts and a short sleeve shirt to 1 [clo] for an occupant wearing pants and a long sleeve shirt. Assuming a room temperature of 23° C., the control circuit may use a clothing insulation of based on the time of year and season as determined by the system controller, for example. For example, the control circuit may use a clothing insulation value of 0.5 for summer, 1.0 for winter, and 0.75 for spring or fall. Alternatively, the control circuit could use the outside weather conditions to determine the appropriate clothing insulation factor to use. For example, the control circuit could use a clothing insulation value of 0.5 for temperatures above a warm threshold (such as 28° C.), 1.0 for temperatures below a cold threshold (for example, 5° C.), and an intermediate clothing insulation value such as 0.75 between the hot and cold thresholds (i.e., between 5-28° C.).
The clothing surface temperature tcl may be calculated iteratively. According to another example, the clothing surface temperature may be estimated based on the activity level (metabolic rate) and the clothing insulation Icl value. Clothing surface temperature tcl is less than body temperature (approximately 37° C.). An increased clothing insulation level Icl will decrease the clothing surface temperature tcl, and an active occupant will have a slightly higher tcl than when the occupant is inactive. Using these inputs, the clothing surface temperature tcl value may be approximated according to the example values in Table 1.0, which is based on a room temperature of 23° C. The activity level of the occupants may be determined based on the PIR counts and/or the metabolic rate. The control circuit may set an activity threshold, such that a metabolic rate or a PIR count above the activity threshold may be considered “active”, and below the threshold, “inactive”. For example, the activity threshold may be set at a metabolic rate of 5, and therefore, a metabolic rate of 7 may be considered active and a metabolic rate of 3 may be considered inactive. As another example, here the control device includes a thermopile array, the thermopile array may be used to measure an average tcl value.
The control circuit 214 may be configured to calculate the PMV using these calculated, measured, and estimated values described herein. The control circuit 214 may calculate the PMV for various fan speeds at step 604 using the air speed v a for each respective fan speed (for example, high, medium, low and off fan speeds). The control circuit 214 may determine at step 612 which fan speed provides a PMV value closest to a desired PMV value. When the current fan speed has a corresponding PMV value closest to the desired PMV value, the procedure may exit. If a fan speed other than the current fan speed has a PMV value closer to the desired PMV value than the PMV value of the current fan speed, the control circuit 214 may adjust the fan speed at step 614 to the fan speed at which the PMV value is closest to the desired PMV value.
The desired PMV value may be zero, or thermally neutral, or the desired PMV value may be adjusted based on a user preference. For example, a primary occupant of the space may feel most thermally comfortable at a PMV value of +2.
Although features and elements are described herein in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), removable disks, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/889,014, filed Aug. 16, 2022; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/086,603, filed on Nov. 2, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,422,247, issued Aug. 23, 2022; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/538,495, filed on Aug. 12, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,823,831 issued Nov. 3, 2020; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/197,214, filed Nov. 20, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,379,208, issued Aug. 13, 2019; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/584,958, filed May 2, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,136,549, issued Nov. 20, 2018; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/330,596, filed May 2, 2016, each disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20240125910 A1 | Apr 2024 | US |
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| 62330596 | May 2016 | US |
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