Patent Grant
10821585
The technology disclosed herein relates to linear fastener driving tools and, more particularly, directed to portable tools that drive staples, nails, or other linearly driven fasteners. The technology is specifically disclosed as a gas spring fastener driving tool, in which a cylinder filled with compressed gas is used to quickly force a piston through a driving stroke movement, while also driving a fastener into a workpiece. The piston is then moved back to its starting position by use of a rotary-to-linear lifter, which again compresses the gas above the piston, thereby preparing the tool for another driving stroke. A driver member (or simply, “driver”) is attached to the piston, and has protrusions along its edges that are used to contact the lifter member (or simply, “lifter”), which lifts the driver during a return stroke. A pivotable latch is controlled to move into either an interfering position or a non-interfering position with respect to the driver protrusions, and acts as a safety device, by preventing the driver from making a full driving stroke at an improper time. The latch also aids the lift for a lifter that rotates more than once, in a single return stroke.
The driver's movements are detected by position sensors, and the information provided by those position sensors is used to prevent the lifter from impacting against the driver in situations where the driver did not finish its driving stroke in a correct position. If the driver's protrusions are out of position, then the lifter will not be able to contact the driver in a correct manner, and instead of lifting the driver back to its “ready position,” the lifter's pins might contact the driver so as to jam against the driver, and potentially even break the driver at the point of contact.
A first failure mode can occur if the piston stop has sufficiently worn to the point where the driver ends its driving stroke too low in the driver track. In other words, the “driven position” of the driver against the piston stop is out of specification, and is not at its anticipated “normal” ending position. This type of ending mis-position of the driver is referred to as a “Mode B” Failure, herein. One can expect this Mode B failure to occur in virtually every such tool eventually (if the tool is used as a “production device”), but these failures typically do not occur until the tool has undergone tens of thousands of operating cycles.
A second failure mode can occur if the driver is prevented from completing its driving stroke because of a fastener that is jammed in the fastener track of the guide body; this mechanical interference can prevent the driver from moving all the way to the bottom of its normal driving stroke. Again, if this occurs, the driven position of the driver is out of specification, and not at its anticipated “normal” ending position. This type of ending mis-position of the driver is referred to as a “Mode A” Failure, herein.
In an exemplary embodiment, the driver exhibits a through-hole at a mid-portion of its elongated face, and one of the position sensors is located in the guide body at a location where it can detect that through-hole at the end of a driving stroke. If that position sensor (referred to herein as the “DOWN sensor”) does not detect the expected through-hole at the correct time, then the tool's system controller determines that one of the tool's failure modes has occurred. For a Mode A Failure, the through-hole never arrives at its expected “bottom” or “end” position, and therefore, the DOWN sensor never detects the through-hole at any time during the fastener driving stroke.
For a Mode B Failure, the through-hole will actually arrive at its expected “bottom” or “end” position, but the driver keeps moving to a yet lower position in the drive track, and when it finally stops moving, the through-hole is no longer at the correct (anticipated) position. Therefore, the DOWN sensor only detects the through-hole for a moment, and then it ceases detecting the through-hole later in that (lengthened) driving stroke, as the driver continues moving to its final driven position, which is too low (out of spec) in the driver track.
In the embodiment(s) illustrated herein, the position sensors are optical sensors, in which a light-emitting device (such as a light-emitting diode, or “LED”) is placed on one side of the drive track in the guide body, while a light-detecting device (such as a phototransistor or a photodiode—a photodetector, or “PD”) is placed on the opposite side of that drive track. If the through-hole of the driver is placed at the “normal” ending position (i.e., at its anticipated end position of a driving stroke), then the light emitted by the LED will be received by the PD. If, however, the main body portion of the “elongated driver member” is positioned between the LED and the PD—which will occur at virtually all other positions of the driver—then the light emitted by the LED will not reach the PD.
It should be noted that the recommended position sensors are “non-contact” devices, and thus should operate inside the overall tool without any mechanical wear. Other types of proximity detecting sensors could be used, if desired, without departing from the principles of this technology. A sensor that makes actual physical contact could be used, but is not recommended for this engineering application.
In a preferred embodiment, there are two position sensors: the DOWN sensor that was described above, and an UP sensor that is placed at a different position in the drive track of the guide body. In the illustrated embodiment(s), the UP sensor is an optical sensor, in which a second LED is placed on one side of the drive track in the guide body, while a second PD is placed on the opposite side of that drive track. But for the UP sensor, the positions of these two components (the LED and PD) are located just below the bottom edge of the “elongated driver member” when that driver is held at its ready position, after a return stroke has occurred. Therefore, the driver's elongated body will not block the light being emitted by the LED of the UP sensor, and therefore, the PD will receive that light during the time that the driver is held at the ready position. Very quickly after a driving stroke begins, however, the leading edge (the “bottom” edge) of the driver will pass between the UP sensor's LED and PD components, and then the light emitted by the LED will not be received by the PD, probably for the remainder of the driving stroke, all the way to its “driven” position.
In an alternative embodiment, there is only a single position sensor placed in the driver track of the guide body, which is the DOWN sensor. Most of the functionality of the electronically-controlled fastener driving tool can be accomplished using only the DOWN sensor. However, both the UP and DOWN sensors are needed for a diagnostic testing mode, known as the “Dry Fire” Mode. This Dry Fire diagnostic test can be performed to determine if the gas pressure in the gas storage chamber is becoming too low for the gas-spring piston to successfully drive fasteners in the future. (If the gas pressure becomes too low, the tool is supposed to be serviced, so that additional pressurized gas can be placed into the gas storage chamber, thereby raising its pressure.) The procedure for this Dry Fire test is to cycle the tool without a fastener in the fastener track, and to track the time interval for the driver to pass by the UP sensor, and then pass by the DOWN sensor. If the time interval for this movement of the driver is too great, then it can be presumed that the gas pressure is too low to sufficiently push the piston/driver combination with sufficient force.
None.
An early air spring fastener driving tool is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,808, to Sollberger. The Sollberger patent used a rack and pinion-type gear to “jack” the piston back to its driving position. A separate motor was to be attached to a belt that was worn by the user; a separate flexible mechanical cable was used to take the motor's mechanical output to the driving tool pinion gear, through a drive train.
Another air spring fastener driving tool is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,720,423, to Kondo. This Kondo patent used a separate air replenishing supply tank with an air replenishing piston to refresh the pressurized air needed to drive a piston that in turn drove a fastener into an object.
Another air spring fastener driving tool is disclosed in published patent application no. US2006/0180631, by Pedicini, which uses a rack and pinion to move the piston back to its driving position. The rack and the pinion gear are decoupled during the drive stroke, and a sensor is used to detect this decoupling. The Pedicini tool uses a release valve to replenish the air that is lost between nail drives.
Senco Brands, Inc. sells a product line of automatic power tools referred to as nailers, including tools that combine the power and the utility of a pneumatic tool with the convenience of a cordless tool. One primary feature of such tools is that they use pressurized air to drive a piston that shoots the nail. In some Senco tools, that pressurized air is re-used, over and over, so there is no need for any compressed air hose, or for a combustion chamber that would require fuel.
Although Senco “air tools” are quite reliable and typically can endure thousands of shooting cycles without any significant maintenance, they do have wear characteristics for certain components. For example, the piston stop can degrade over time, and when that occurs, the piston and driver member can end up at a lower position than is desired, at the end of a drive stroke. If the out of position situation reaches more than a minimum specified distance, then the lifter that brings the driver back to its ready position may not properly engage the “teeth” of the driver member, and instead may jam against the driver member, or perhaps even break the driver due to forceful mechanical contact, without being able to move the driver up toward its ready position, as is desired.
Another undesirable situation is when a fastener becomes jammed or otherwise stalled within the driver track of the tool. If that occurs, the user may not realize it, especially if the user is performing multiple quick driving cycles, which is normal for many production and construction situations. So if a fastener has not been properly exited from the driver track, then the next driving cycle will potentially cause a problem when the driver comes down the driver track and contacts the stalled or jammed previous fastener. This condition can jam the driver, and potentially cause a situation where the lifter pins will make undesirable contact with the driver, not only further jamming the mechanical components of the tool, but potentially contacting the driver with enough force that it could break the driver.
Accordingly, it is an advantage of the present technology disclosed herein to provide a fastener driving tool that includes at least one position sensor for determining whether or not the driver member ends its driving stroke at a correct position that is within specification.
It is another advantage of the present technology to provide a fastener driving tool having at least one position sensor to determine the ending position of the driver member after a driving stroke, and having a dynamic braking circuit to prevent the lifter subassembly from impacting the driver member with a force that might jam or break the driver member.
It is a further advantage of the present technology to provide a fastener driving tool with at least two position sensors that detect movements of the driver member, in which a diagnostic test can be performed by measuring the time interval between passing of the driver member as detected by the two position sensors, and in which this “dry fire test” can be easily performed by a user without taking the tool to a service center.
Additional advantages and other novel features will be set forth in part in the description that follows and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned with the practice of the technology disclosed herein.
To achieve the foregoing and other advantages, and in accordance with one aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver having an opening at a predetermined location in the elongated face that extends completely through the driver; (d) a lifter that, under first predetermined conditions, moves the driver from a driven position toward a ready position during a return stroke; (e) an electrical energy source; (f) a first position sensor which detects the opening if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; and (g) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position; (ii) to determine a start time TX at a beginning of the driving stroke; (iii) after the time TX occurs, to wait for a time interval TB, then to determine if the first input signal is at a first logic state or a second logic state, such that: (A) if the first position sensor does not detect the opening of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the first logic state, and (B) if the first position sensor does detect the opening of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the second logic state; (iv) if the first input signal is at the first logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating abnormally; and (v) if the first input signal is at the second logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating normally.
In accordance with another aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver having an opening at a predetermined location in the elongated face that extends completely through the driver; (d) a lifter that, under first predetermined conditions, moves the driver from a driven position toward a ready position during a return stroke; (e) an electrical energy source; (f) a first position sensor which detects the opening if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; and (g) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position; (ii) to determine a start time TX at a beginning of the driving stroke; (iii) after the time TX occurs, to wait for a time interval TA, then to determine if the first input signal changed state at least once after the time TX, such that; (iv) if the first input signal did not change state between the time TX and the time interval TA, then the driver machine is operating abnormally; and (v) if the first input signal did change state between the time TX and the time interval TA, then the driver machine may be operating normally, depending upon other conditions.
In accordance with yet another aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver having an opening at a predetermined location in the elongated face that extends completely through the driver; (d) a lifter that, under first predetermined conditions, moves the driver from a driven position toward a ready position during a return stroke; (e) an electrical energy source; (f) a first position sensor which detects the opening if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; (g) a second position sensor which detects motion of the driver if the driver begins moving through a driving stroke, from the ready position toward the driven position; and (h) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit, and the I/O circuit being in communication with the second position sensor so that a second signal produced by the second position sensor is received as a second input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position; (ii) to determine a time TX when the second input signal first changes state, after the driver begins the driving stroke; (iii) after the time TX occurs, to wait for a time interval TB, then to determine if the first input signal is at a first logic state or a second logic state, such that: (A) if the first position sensor does not detect the opening of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the first logic state, and (B) if the first position sensor does detect the opening of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the second logic state; (iv) if the first input signal is at the first logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating abnormally; and (v) if the first input signal is at the second logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating normally.
In accordance with still another aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver having an opening at a predetermined location in the elongated face that extends completely through the driver; (d) a lifter that, under first predetermined conditions, moves the driver from a driven position toward a ready position during a return stroke; (e) an electrical energy source; (f) a first position sensor which detects the opening if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; (g) a second position sensor which detects motion of the driver if the driver begins moving through a driving stroke, from the ready position toward the driven position; and (h) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit, and the I/O circuit being in communication with the second position sensor so that a second signal produced by the second position sensor is received as a second input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position; (ii) to determine a time TX when the second input signal first changes state, after the driver begins the driving stroke; (iii) after the time TX occurs, to wait for a time interval TA, then to determine if the first input signal changed state at least once after the time TX, such that; (iv) if the first input signal did not change state between the time TX and the time interval TA, then the driver machine is operating abnormally; and (v) if the first input signal did change state between the time TX and the time interval TA, then the driver machine may be operating normally, depending upon other conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver having an opening at a predetermined location in the elongated face that extends completely through the driver; (d) an electrical energy source; (e) a first position sensor which detects the opening if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; (f) a second position sensor which detects motion of the driver if the driver begins moving through a driving stroke, from the ready position toward the driven position; and (g) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit, and the I/O circuit being in communication with the second position sensor so that a second signal produced by the second position sensor is received as a second input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position, with no fastener to be driven during a “dry fire test” mode; (ii) to determine a time TX when the second input signal first changes state, after the driver begins the driving stroke, during the “dry fire test” mode; (iii) to determine a time TDF when the first input signal first changes state, after the driver nears the driven position, during the “dry fire test” mode; (iv) to calculate a time difference TE, which equals TDF minus TX, during the “dry fire test” mode; (v) to compare the time difference TE to a predetermined expected time TF, during the “dry fire test” mode, and if the TE is greater than the TF, then to provide an indication of a failed dry fire test for the fastener driving tool.
In accordance with a yet further aspect, a driver machine adapted for use in a fastener driving tool is provided, which comprises: (a) a hollow cylinder having a movable piston therewithin; (b) a guide body that is sized and shaped to receive a fastener that is to be driven; (c) an elongated driver that is in mechanical communication with the piston, the driver being sized and shaped to push the fastener from an exit portion of the guide body, the driver extending from a first end to a second end and having an elongated face, the first end being in mechanical communication with the piston, the second end making contact with the fastener during a driving stroke, the driver exhibiting a detection zone at a predetermined location of the driver; (d) a lifter that, under first predetermined conditions, moves the driver from a driven position toward a ready position during a return stroke; (e) an electrical energy source; (f) a first non-contact position sensor which detects the detection zone if the driver is correctly located at the driven position after the driving stroke; and (g) a system controller comprising: (i) a processing circuit, (ii) a memory circuit, (iii) an input/output interface (I/O) circuit, the I/O circuit being in communication with the first non-contact position sensor so that a first signal produced by the first non-contact position sensor is received as a first input signal at the processing circuit; wherein: the system controller executes computer software code to perform functions of: (i) under second predetermined conditions, to allow the driver to undergo a driving stroke, thereby moving the driver from the ready position toward the driven position; (ii) to determine a start time TX at a beginning of the driving stroke; (iii) after the time TX occurs, to wait for a time interval TB, then to determine if the first input signal is at a first logic state or a second logic state, such that: (A) if the first non-contact position sensor does not detect the detection zone of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the first logic state, and (B) if the first non-contact position sensor does detect the detection zone of the driver, then the first input signal will be at the second logic state; (iv) if the first input signal is at the first logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating abnormally; and (v) if the first input signal is at the second logic state after the time interval TB, then the driver machine is operating normally.
Still other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description and drawings wherein there is described and shown a preferred embodiment in one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the technology. As will be realized, the technology disclosed herein is capable of other different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various, obvious aspects all without departing from its principles. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the technology disclosed herein, and together with the description and claims serve to explain the principles of the technology. In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals indicate the same elements throughout the views.
It is to be understood that the technology disclosed herein is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The technology disclosed herein is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted,” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings. In addition, the terms “connected” and “coupled” and variations thereof are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.
The terms “first” and “second” preceding an element name, e.g., first inlet, second inlet, etc., or first pin, second pin, etc., are used for identification purposes to distinguish between similar or related elements, results or concepts, and are not intended to necessarily imply order, nor are the terms “first” and “second” intended to preclude the inclusion of additional similar or related elements, results or concepts, unless otherwise indicated.
In addition, it should be understood that embodiments disclosed herein include both hardware and electronic components or modules that, for purposes of discussion, may be illustrated and described as if the majority of the components were implemented solely in hardware.
However, one of ordinary skill in the art, and based on a reading of this detailed description, would recognize that, in at least one embodiment, the electronic based aspects of the technology disclosed herein may be implemented in software. As such, it should be noted that a plurality of hardware and software-based devices, as well as a plurality of different structural components may be utilized to implement the technology disclosed herein. Furthermore, if software is utilized, then the processing circuit that executes such software can be of a general purpose computer, while fulfilling all the functions that otherwise might be executed by a special purpose computer that could be designed for specifically implementing this technology.
It will be understood that the term “circuit” as used herein can represent an actual electronic circuit, such as an integrated circuit chip (or a portion thereof), or it can represent a function that is performed by a processing device, such as a microprocessor or an ASIC that includes a logic state machine or another form of processing element (including a sequential processing device). A specific type of circuit could be an analog circuit or a digital circuit of some type, although such a circuit possibly could be implemented in software by a logic state machine or a sequential processor. In other words, if a processing circuit is used to perform a desired function used in the technology disclosed herein (such as a demodulation function), then there might not be a specific “circuit” that could be called a “demodulation circuit;” however, there would be a demodulation “function” that is performed by the software. All of these possibilities are contemplated by the inventors, and are within the principles of the technology when discussing a “circuit.”
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the technology, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals indicate the same elements throughout the views.
Referring now to
A “left” outer housing portion of the driver portion is indicated at 20. A “top” outer housing portion is indicated at 22, while a “front” outer housing portion of the driver portion is indicated at 24. A “rear” outer housing portion for the handle portion is indicated at 26, while a “rear” cover of the magazine portion is indicated at 28. It will be understood that the various directional nomenclature provided above is with respect to the illustration of
The area of the tool 10 in which a fastener is released is indicated approximately by the reference numeral 30, which is the “bottom” of the fastener exit portion of tool 10. Before the tool is actuated, a safety contact element 32 extends beyond the bottom 30 of the fastener exit, and this extension of the safety contact element is depicted at 34, which is the bottom or “front” portion of the safety contact element.
Other elements that are depicted in
The fastener driving tool 10 also includes a motor 40 (see
A printed circuit board that contains a controller is generally designated by the reference numeral 50, and is placed within the handle portion 12 in this embodiment. A trigger switch 52 is activated by a trigger actuator 54. The handle portion 12 is designed for gripping by a human hand, and the trigger actuator 54 is designed for linear actuation by a person's finger while gripping the handle portion 12. Trigger switch 52 provides an input to the control system 50. There are also other input devices used with the system controller, however those input devices are not seen in
Referring now to
The processing circuit 150 communicates with external inputs and outputs, which it does by use of an input/output interface circuit 154. The processing circuit 150, memory circuit 152, and the interface (I/O) circuit 154 communicate with one another via a system bus 156, which carries address lines, data lines, and various other signal lines, including interrupts.
I/O circuit 154 has the appropriate electronics to communicate with various external devices, including input-type devices, such as sensors and user-controlled switches, as well as output-type devices, such as a motor and indicator lamps. The signals between the I/O interface circuit 154 and the actual input and output devices are carried by signal pathways, typically a number of electrical conductors, grouped under the general designation 158.
Some of the output devices include a lifter motor 40 (also referred to as “M1”), a brake circuit 140 (also referred to as “M2”), and a light emitting diode 43, which could potentially be replaced with an audio output device, such as a Sonalert. Each of the output devices will typically have a driver circuit, such as a motor driver circuit 160 for the lifter motor 40, and an interface driver 162 for the brake circuit 140. The position of a latch (not shown) is controlled by an electromechanical device, such as a solenoid or a motor, as desired by the system designer.
The LED 43 would typically have an LED driver circuit 164, which could be a dual-direction driver circuit if the LED was a bi-directional device. Such a device might be desirable, and red and green LEDs are common devices, in which current in a first direction will produce a red indicator lamp signal, while reversing the current would produce a green indicator lamp signal.
The input devices for tool 10 can include various sensors, including a trigger switch 52 and a safety contact element switch 132. If the switches 52 and 132 are standard electromechanical devices (such as limit switches), then typically no driver circuit is necessary. However, if the trigger switch and safety element switch were to be replaced by solid state sensing elements, then some type of interface circuit could be needed, and those are illustrated on
The tool 10 also includes position sensors that can detect certain physical positions of the driver 90. As briefly discussed above, these sensors are referred to as the “UP sensor,” generally designated by the reference numeral 4, and the “DOWN sensor,” generally designated by the reference numeral 2. As noted above, it is desired that these two sensors are “non-contact” devices, and in the illustrated embodiment, these two sensors are optical sensors, each one having a light-emitting lamp and a light-sensitive detecting element. Each of these sensors will require some type of signal conditioning circuit, and for the UP sensor 4 the signal conditioner is designated 170, and for the DOWN sensor 2, the signal conditioner circuit is designated 172.
For use with this fastener driving tool 10, the light emitting portions of the UP and DOWN sensors are separated physically from the photo-detecting portions. An exemplary embodiment of tool 10 may use a set of infrared emitting and detecting devices, such as for example: an Everlight 3 mm Infrared LED, part number IR204C/H16/L10 as the light emitter (sold by Everlight Electronics Company, LTD. of New Taipei City, Taiwan); and a LITE-ON phototransistor as the light receiver (photodetector), part number LTR-4206E (sold by LITE-ON Technology Corp. of New Taipei City, Taiwan).
These position sensors 2 and 4 are to be located in small cylindrical areas near the driver track (see
It will be understood that the type of position sensor can be changed to a different type of proximity-sensing device, such as a magnet-sensing proximity sensor, or even a color-sensing device. If a Hall-effect sensor was to be used, for example, then the “target area” on the driver probably would not be a through-hole, but instead a small magnet would be used as a “detection zone.” Electromechanical limit switches could also be used as position sensors, but in this engineering application, it is preferred that a non-contact sensor be used, as noted above.
As an example, if a magnet-sensing proximity sensor was used, such as a Hall-effect sensor, for the position sensor(s), then a small magnet could be installed along one of the longitudinal edges of the driver 90, perhaps at the junction (or corner) of one of the protruding teeth 92 and the main body (or face) of the driver. The position sensor would then be mounted along the driver track very near that portion of the driver track that is near (proximal) to that side of the driver, as it passes by.
Additional input and output devices could be included with the fastener driving tool 10, if desired. For example, a small display could be added, to show certain information about usage or the condition of the tool. However, the indicator light 43 can also be used to show the system status for a small number of various conditions. Other types of sensing devices or output devices could also be added, if desired by the system designer, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein.
Referring now to
Also within the fastener driver portion 14 are mechanisms that will actually drive a fastener into a solid object. This includes a driver 90, a cylinder “venting chamber” 75 (which would typically always be at atmospheric pressure), a driver track 93 (see also
Driver 90 is rather elongated, and as an individual element can best be seen in
The latch (not shown) is designed to “catch” the driver 90 at times when the driver should not be allowed to move through an entire “driving stroke.” The latch has a catching surface that can intercept a tooth 92 of the driver 90, when the latch is moved to its engaged, or “interfering” position. When a driving stroke is to occur, the latch is pivoted so that its catching surface is moved to its “disengaged” position, which is out of the way of the driver, and thus its catching surface will not interfere with any of the driver's teeth 92. An exemplary embodiment of such a latch is fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,011,441, owned by Senco Brands, Inc., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
There is a cylinder base 96 that mainly separates the gas pressure portions of the fastener driver portion 14 from the lower mechanical portions of that driver portion 14. The portion of the variable volume that is below the piston 80 is also referred to as a cylinder venting chamber 75, which is vented to atmosphere via a vent (not shown) in the cylinder base 96. The lower mechanical portions of driver portion 14 include a rotary-to-linear lifter 100 which was briefly mentioned above, along with a lifter drive shaft 102. Drive shaft 102 protrudes through the center portions of the fastener driver portion 14 and through the center of the lifter 100, and this shaft is used to rotate the lifter, as desired by the control system (see
In
It will be further understood that the main storage chamber 74 preferably comprises a fixed volume, which typically would make it less expensive to manufacture; however, it is not an absolute requirement that the main storage chamber actually be of a fixed volume. It would be possible to allow a portion of this chamber 74 to deform in size and/or shape so that the size of its volume would actually change, during operation of the tool, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein.
In the illustrated embodiment for the first embodiment fastener driving tool 10, the main storage chamber 74 substantially surrounds the working cylinder 71. Moreover, the main storage chamber 74 is annular in shape, and it is basically co-axial with the cylinder 71. This is a preferred configuration of the illustrated first embodiment, but it will be understood that alternative physical arrangements could be designed without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein.
The illustrated embodiment for the fastener driving tool 10 is similar to earlier such tools sold by Senco Brands, Inc. However this new tool is more powerful, and is designed as a framing nailer device. The earlier devices, often referred to as FUSION® have been available for years from Senco, and those tools were generally classified as “finishing nailers.” Both types of tools have a lifting mechanism that pushes the driver back up (i.e., the direction “up” being in reference to the presentation on the figures herein) to its “ready” position. This lifting movement is against a pressurized cylinder that also has a storage volume containing the pressurized gasses, and as the piston and driver combination are moved upward, the pressure only builds in intensity, thereby making it more difficult to lift the piston/driver combination. With these requirements in mind, the lifter mechanism must be both mechanically strong and powerful, but also robust.
One potential problem with this type of mechanism is the possibility of the driver stopping at a position that is out of specification, and if that occurs, the lifter may have trouble engaging the driver teeth, such that the driver cannot be properly lifted back to its ready position. In some situations, the driver ends up in a position in which the mechanical “pins” of the lifter end up impacting directly against the driver teeth 92, and in that situation, these mechanical components can jam together; and under more severe conditions, the rotary motion of the lifter pins impacting the driver teeth sometimes can actually break the driver at the point of contact.
In view of these potential operating conditions that can be out of specification, the driver 90 has been designed with an opening 95 in the mid-portion of the elongated face of the driver. Referring now to
The opening 95 is illustrated as an oval, which is a preferred shape for this opening, rather than a circle. Of course, other shapes could be used, such as a rectangle, although that would be more difficult to machine than the oval that is illustrated in
Referring now to
The rotary-to-linear lifter 100 also includes several cylindrical protrusions (or “extensions”) that will also be referred to herein as “pins.” A first such pin (“pin 1”) is designated 104, a second pin (“pin 2”) is designated 106, while a third pin (“pin 3”) is designated 108. Furthermore, there are additional cylindrical pins that protrude from the opposite disk of the lifter 100. As rotary-to-linear lifter 100 rotates counterclockwise (as seen in
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
It can be seen in
This depiction of
In the configuration depicted on
Referring now to
Referring now to
The centerline of the DOWN sensor is indicated on
The exact positions and tolerances for these components is up to the system designer, and they can be changed for different embodiments of such fastener driving tools, as desired. The overriding factor is to attempt to prevent a lifting operation to be fully engaged if the driver 90 bottoms out at a position that is out of specification; otherwise, if that lifting operation were to be allowed to proceed, the lifter pins might either jam or break the driver, upon impact by those pins. These operations will be discussed in greater detail below.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The term “single sensor” refers to a tool that has only a DOWN sensor, and no UP sensor. This type of tool has not been discussed herein as of yet; such a tool would include a DOWN sensor, but instead of using an UP sensor, the tool must detect (or otherwise determine) the beginning of a driving cycle. In other words, the control system needs to have a “start” signal, so it can then determine the timing of the transitions at the waveform 204, and determine whether or not that timing is correct.
One of the key elements in using a single sensor design is determining when the “start signal” has occurred. This can be done in more than one way. For example, the motor current of motor 40 can be sensed, and a sudden large increase in current would indicate that the lifter motor has been energized to release the lifter pin from the driver teeth, thereby allowing the piston to push the driver downward for a driving stroke. A second possibility is controlled entirely electronically by the controller, because it knows when it provides a gate signal to the motor drive transistor circuit, and that could certainly be used as a “start signal.” The combination of the trigger actuation and the safety element being actuated can be used as an indication, if desired. This would be an indirect indicator, but essentially these are the two signals that tell the fastener driving tool that it is time to drive a fastener, so they are the beginning of the process, and could be used as a “start signal,” if desired. Another possibility is to include a pressure sensor inside the working cylinder 71, and a sudden decrease in pressure would indicate that the piston and driver are being forced downward, which implies a driving stroke taking place.
In the middle graph of
The top graph on
Some example timings can be discussed at this point; for a finishing tool such as the FUSION® tool sold by Senco, the time required between the start time (t1) and the nominal transition of the DOWN sensor (t3) is about 17 milliseconds. The maximum “normal” time (TN) for the driver to transition “driven” position is about 30 milliseconds after the start time (t1).
The amount of time delay for making the decision about a Mode B failure can theoretically be anywhere between the time marks TN (at 30 msec) and TMAX (at 50 msec). However, the piston/driver combination tends to literally bounce against the piston stop, which is why there are multiple transitions at 234 on the bottom waveform chart of
On the other hand, the amount of time delay for making the decision about a Mode A failure should be sooner, rather than later. As can be seen on the middle waveform chart of
Note that there are de-bounce circuits available for many “rough” signals that are received by control systems for many, many real world applications. In the case of this fastener driving tool, a “regular” de-bounce circuit would probably not work very well, because the time delay involved in “waiting” for the bouncing piston/driver combination to settle out is several milliseconds in duration. Therefore, a standard time delay is more suitable, and this function is described herein as being performed by a “timer.” It will be understood that such a “timer” can physically exist as computer code, rather than as a hardware timer—however, both methods of creating a time delay should work well in this tool control system.
On
The TMAX attribute represents a critically important number, and must be observed for proper operation of these types of gas spring fastener driving tools. The main purpose of using the position sensors and analyzing their resulting waveforms is to prevent the lifter pins from impacting against the driver in a situation where the driver has ended up in an “out of specification” location in the driver track 93. On the bottommost chart of
Referring now to
The UP sensor starts out at a logic high state at the graph portion 231, and then transitions at a time mark t2, when the leading edge of the driver 97 passes by the UP sensor position. This transition is at the graph portion 233, and once that occurs the logic state of the signal remains low throughout the rest of the driving stroke, ending in a graph portion at 235.
On the graphs of
The bottommost graph of
The middle graph of
The uppermost graph on
With regard to actual timing of events, the time mark t2 represents the amount of time required before the bottom or “leading edge” 97 of the driver 90 moves to the detecting zone of the UP sensor 4. For a finishing tool such as the FUSION® tool sold by Senco, the time required between the start time (t1) and the nominal transition of the UP sensor (t2) is about 10 milliseconds.
It should be noted that the newer framing tool that is illustrated and described herein is a more powerful tool than the FUSION® finishing tool that has been on the market for some time. The charging pressure for a new FUSION® finishing tool is about 100 PSI, whereas the planned charging pressure for a new framing tool of the type described herein is about 130 PSI. (It will be understood that this planned charging pressure could be changed, as the design of this framing tool matures.) The overall effect of the difference in operating pressures, and different piston masses and sizes of fasteners used for these gas spring tools is that the timing values for t1, t2, t3, and TN are approximately the same for both tools.
But it will be understood that these timing values are merely examples of present design efforts, and they could be altered to a large extent for a very different type of tool, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein. For example, a “regular” air tool—e.g., one that uses an air compressor with a compressed air hose attached to the tool during operation—could be equipped with similar UP and DOWN sensors, and still benefit from this new technology.
If the fastener driving tool is provided with two position sensors, as in the preferred embodiment illustrated herein, the tool can be tested for having sufficient gas pressure within the storage chamber. This test is referred to as a “dry fire test.” The term “dry fire” refers to a situation where the fastener driving tool is cycled through a driving stroke, but there is no fastener magazine attached, so the driver 90 does not impact against a fastener, but merely transitions from its ready position to its driven position.
On
For a Senco finishing tool known as FUSION®, the time interval 280 (i.e., the delta time between t2 and tDF) should be approximately 7 milliseconds. If the time interval is in the range of 8 to 10 milliseconds, that indicates an abnormal result for the dry fire test, and additional pressurized gas needs to be added to the storage chamber of that tool. This type of diagnostic test was not possible in the field, before the addition of the position sensors, so this is a new, easily performed test that a user can perform at any time, without returning the tool to a service center.
In a working prototype framing tool, the current supplied to the LEDs for the UP and DOWN sensors was about 7 mA. The current supplied to the prototype's lifter motor 40 (“M1”) by the motor driver circuit 160 was a pulse-width modulated voltage, using a power supply of about 18 volts DC. The initial duty cycle of the motor current was about 80%, using a 4 kHz drive voltage modulation frequency; after a “ramp-up” time interval, to overcome the lifter/driver inertia (while pushing against the high piston pressure near the top of its linear travel), the motor current duty cycle was increased to 100%. The prototype's lifter motor 40 was a four-pole permanent magnet DC motor. The prototype's braking circuit was designed to stop rotation within about two motor revolutions. It will be understood that the braking circuit could be faster, if that was needed, (by reversing the EMF at the motor terminals, for example), but such a fast braking speed does not seem to be necessary for this engineering application. It will also be understood that all of the physical characteristics disclosed above can be expected to change, perhaps dramatically, in a future design for a production fastener driving tool, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein.
Referring now to
If the sensor status is not correct, or if there are some other types of determinative problems with the tool, then the tool enters an alarm state at step 306, and the tool driving system is disabled at a step 308. Assuming that the sensors and other conditions are correct at step 304, then the tool is prepared for a driving event at a step 310, and the brake circuit is turned off. A decision step 312 now determines whether or not a drive sequence has started. This portion of the logic essentially continues in a DO-loop until a drive sequence does start, and when that occurs two timers are started at a step 314. These timers are referred to as Timer A and Timer B.
A decision step 320 now determines whether or not the DOWN sensor has changed state. If not, then a decision step 322 determines whether or not Timer A has timed out (past the time interval TA). If not, then the logic is directed back to the decision step 320 to see whether or not the DOWN sensor has yet changed state. On the other hand if Timer A does time out and decision step 322 takes note of that, then a Mode A failure has occurred and is so indicated at a step 324.
If the DOWN sensor changes state before the Timer A times out, then the logic is directed to a step 326, which resets Timer A, and the logic continues to a decision step 330 that now determines whether or not Timer B has timed out (past the time interval TB). If the answer is NO, then the logic at this portion stays in a DO-loop until Timer B does time out. When that occurs, a decision step 332 determines whether or not the DOWN sensor is in its original state or its opposite state. If the DOWN sensor state has transitioned to its opposite state, then the logic is directed to a step 336 that declares this is a “normal” driving event. On the other hand, if the DOWN sensor state did not end up at its opposite state, and instead is back to its initial state, then the logic flow is directed to a step 334 which declares that a Mode B failure has occurred.
If either a Mode A failure or a Mode B failure has occurred, then the logic is directed to a step 340 that turns on the brake circuit. This is supposed to occur quickly enough to prevent the lifter pins from impacting against the driver 90. The logic flow now is directed to a step 342 that resets all timers. This occurs whether the tool underwent a normal driving event at step 336 or a failure mode had occurred. Once the timers are reset, this subroutine is finished at a return step 344.
Referring now to
If the initialization procedure shows that the sensors (and other conditions) are correct, then a step 410 prepares for a driving event and turns the brake circuit off. A decision step 412 now determines whether or not the UP sensor has changed state. If not, then the logic at this step becomes a DO-loop, until the UP sensor does change state. Once that occurs, a step 414 starts Timer A and starts Timer B.
A decision step 420 now determines whether or not the DOWN sensor has changed state. If not, then a decision step 422 determines whether or not Timer A has timed out (past the time interval TA). If not, then the logic is directed back to the decision step 420 to determine whether or not the DOWN sensor has changed state. On the other hand, if Timer A has timed out, then step 422 directs the logic to a step 242 that declares a Mode A failure.
If the DOWN sensor has changed state at step 420 before the Timer A has timed out, then the logic is directed to a step 426 that resets Timer A, and then continues to a decision step 430 to determine whether or not Timer B has timed out (past a time interval TB). If Timer B has not timed out, then the logic remains in a temporary DO-loop until Timer B does time out. Once that has occurred, a decision step 432 determines the state of the DOWN sensor. If the DOWN sensor has transitioned to an opposite state, then that is a normal sequence, as declared at a step 436. On the other hand, if the DOWN sensor has not transitioned to its opposite state at decision step 432, then a Mode B failure has occurred, which is declared at a step 434. If either a Mode A failure or a Mode B failure has occurred, then a step 440 turns on the brake circuit, and the indicator lamp 43 could illuminated, or could start flashing, for example. As in the flow chart of
In all situations, once the logic reaches a step 442, all timers are reset, and the logic has reached the end of this subroutine, at a return step 444.
Referring now to
If the system status is correct at step 504, then a step 510 now begins the diagnostic test mode routine. A decision step 512 determines whether or not the user has entered a special code “Z” into the tool's push buttons. (A user actuated button is provided on the tool that can have a certain predetermined code entered, which allows the tool to enter the test mode, and that code is referred to as special code Z.) If not, then the logic flow is directed back before the test mode routine begins, allowing the user to perform other diagnostic tests, if desired, or to function in other ways.
If the special code Z was entered at step 512, then the dry fire routine begins at a step 514. The tool now waits for actuation at a decision step 516, in a type of temporary DO-loop. Once actuation has occurred (this normally means that both the trigger has been actuated as well as the safety contact element), then a step 520 is reached. At step 520, a time TE is measured which represents a time interval between the UP sensor transition and the DOWN sensor transition. This time interval TE is compared to a predetermined value TF, and to a predetermined value TG, or to corresponding values in a lookup table, at a step 522. A decision step 530 determines whether or not TE was too long in duration, and if so, the logic flow is directed to a step 536 that determines that the condition was out of specification. In this situation, the out of specification situation likely occurred due to an underpressure condition, and in that circumstance, a step 538 flashes an indicator lamp “Y” times. (The LED 43 can serve as the indicator lamp.) Other possible reasons for a “too long” result for time interval TE are, for example, a need for renewing the lubricant, or perhaps for replacing the piston seal, or sleeve, or some other component that might cause a “service required” condition.
On the other hand, if the time interval TE was not too long at step 530, then the logic flow is directed to a decision step 540 that determines whether or not TE was too short in duration, and if so, the logic flow is directed to a step 542 that determines that the condition was out of specification. In this situation, the out of specification situation likely occurred due to an overpressure condition, which might be the case if someone overfilled the main storage tank with pressurized gas during a refill servicing procedure. In that circumstance, a step 544 flashes the indicator lamp (e.g., LED 43) “W” times. (Note that, with the availability of this new “dry fire test” function, it would be wise to test the fastener driving tool immediately after performing such a gas refill servicing procedure as a standard procedure. It now becomes an easily-performed self test, with no additional equipment needed.)
However, if the time interval TE was not too short at step 540, then the logic is directed to a step 532, which declares that the condition was normal, and the logic flow is then directed to a step 534 that flashes the indicator lamp “X” times. The indicator lamp may be an LED on the fastener driving tool that the user can view, such as LED 43. The user will be expecting to see the LED flashing X times. If instead, however, the user sees the indicator lamp flash either Y times or W times, then the user becomes aware that the dry fire test failed and that the tool needs to be serviced. In all cases, the end of this subroutine has been reached, at a return step 550.
It should be noted that instead of a flashing lamp, an audio signal could be provided for the user, using some type of piezoelectric device, such as a device known as a Sonalert, or any other type of audio indicating device. Virtually any type of visible indicator or audible indicator could be used for announcing the dry fire test results. For example, if the fastener driving tool were to be provided with a small display monitor, then a verbal message could be displayed, if desired. For example, the verbal message could read, “UNDERPRESSURE” or “OVERPRESSURE.” Also, the displayed messages could be in different colors for different types of results, if desired.
As can be seen from the above description, in a dual sensor tool, there are two independent electronic sensors that are placed in two different positions to monitor the position of the driver 90. The sensors preferably use a narrow beam infrared emitter (or LED) with a corresponding infrared receiver. The path of the infrared light is either blocked or is presented to the infrared receiver as a result of the driver position. As discussed above, the independent outputs from the UP and DOWN sensors create independent inputs to the system controller 50, which then uses logic to determine whether or not the tool is performing correctly or has entered a certain type of failure mode. A de-bouncing circuit can be used to compensate for spurious sensor outputs caused by normal tool motion.
If one of the failure modes occurs, the control electronics apply current to a dynamic brake which acts upon the motor. This dynamic brake effectively shorts the motor terminals to quickly stop the motor from rotating. By inhibiting rotation of the lifter motor 40, this also inhibits the rotation of the moving mass coupled to the motor, which is the lifter subassembly itself.
As briefly noted above, different types of sensors could be used, other than infrared optical sensors and emitters. Also, a different wavelength of light could used, such as ultraviolet light, or light in the visible spectrum. Yet other types of sensors could be used such as an eddy current sensor or a variable reluctance device could be used. These would all still be non-contact position sensors. Furthermore, other types of openings or protrusions off the driver could be used instead of a through-hole in the middle portion of the driver face, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein. One advantage to this system is that it uses no type of mechanical system to stop rotation of the lifter, such as a mechanical clutch to decouple the motor and gearbox from the lifter. This is a benefit, since it prevents the unwanted motion before any drivetrain forces exceed design limits, without the complexity, weight, or noise of a mechanical clutch.
The elongated slot 95 in the face of the driver 40 that acts as the DOWN sensor positioning hole allows for variation in position of the driver due to normal tolerance stack up, air spring pressure variation (due to leakage over time, and temperature change), and piston stop degradation (i.e., wear).
As discussed above, the use of two position sensors not only provides for a somewhat more precise timing of the beginning of a drive cycle, but also allows for a diagnostic test known as the “dry fire test,” without any additional hardware. This allows the user to test the sufficiency of the air pressure within the storage chamber without taking the tool to a service center.
Additional details about the structure and operating principles of FUSION-style tools are provided in earlier patent applications filed by Senco. These and other aspects of the present technology may have been present in earlier fastener driving tools sold by the Assignee, Senco Products, Inc., including information disclosed in previous U.S. patents and published applications. Examples of such publications are U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,431,425; 5,927,585; 5,918,788; 5,732,870; 4,986,164; and 4,679,719; also U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,011,547, 8,267,296, 8,267,297, 8,011,441, 8,387,718, 8,286,722, 8,230,941, and 8,763,874, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. It will be understood that the principles described herein apply not only to nailer tools, but also to all types and sizes of fastener driving tools, including staplers.
It will be understood that the logical operations described in relation to the flow charts of
It will also be understood that the precise logical operations depicted in the flow charts of
It will be further understood that any type of product described herein that has moving parts, or that performs functions (such as computers with processing circuits and memory circuits), should be considered a “machine,” and not merely as some inanimate apparatus. Such “machine” devices should automatically include power tools, printers, electronic locks, and the like, as those example devices each have certain moving parts. Moreover, a computerized device that performs useful functions should also be considered a machine, and such terminology is often used to describe many such devices; for example, a solid-state telephone answering machine may have no moving parts, yet it is commonly called a “machine” because it performs well-known useful functions.
As used herein, the term “proximal” can have a meaning of closely positioning one physical object with a second physical object, such that the two objects are perhaps adjacent to one another, although it is not necessarily required that there be no third object positioned therebetween. In the technology disclosed herein, there may be instances in which a “male locating structure” is to be positioned “proximal” to a “female locating structure.” In general, this could mean that the two male and female structures are to be physically abutting one another, or this could mean that they are “mated” to one another by way of a particular size and shape that essentially keeps one structure oriented in a predetermined direction and at an X-Y (e.g., horizontal and vertical) position with respect to one another, regardless as to whether the two male and female structures actually touch one another along a continuous surface. Or, two structures of any size and shape (whether male, female, or otherwise in shape) may be located somewhat near one another, regardless if they physically abut one another or not; such a relationship could still be termed “proximal.” Or, two or more possible locations for a particular point can be specified in relation to a precise attribute of a physical object, such as being “near” or “at” the end of a stick; all of those possible near/at locations could be deemed “proximal” to the end of that stick. Moreover, the term “proximal” can also have a meaning that relates strictly to a single object, in which the single object may have two ends, and the “distal end” is the end that is positioned somewhat farther away from a subject point (or area) of reference, and the “proximal end” is the other end, which would be positioned somewhat closer to that same subject point (or area) of reference.
It will be understood that the various components that are described and/or illustrated herein can be fabricated in various ways, including in multiple parts or as a unitary part for each of these components, without departing from the principles of the technology disclosed herein. For example, a component that is included as a recited element of a claim hereinbelow may be fabricated as a unitary part; or that component may be fabricated as a combined structure of several individual parts that are assembled together. But that “multi-part component” will still fall within the scope of the claimed, recited element for infringement purposes of claim interpretation, even if it appears that the claimed, recited element is described and illustrated herein only as a unitary structure.
All documents cited in the Background and in the Detailed Description are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the technology disclosed herein.
The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology disclosed herein to the precise form disclosed, and the technology disclosed herein may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Any examples described or illustrated herein are intended as non-limiting examples, and many modifications or variations of the examples, or of the preferred embodiment(s), are possible in light of the above teachings, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology disclosed herein. The embodiment(s) was chosen and described in order to illustrate the principles of the technology disclosed herein and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the technology disclosed herein in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to particular uses contemplated. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the technology disclosed herein using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this technology disclosed herein pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
The present application claims priority to provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/438,252, titled “FASTENER DRIVING TOOL WITH DRIVER POSITION SENSORS,” filed on Dec. 22, 2016.
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| 62438252 | Dec 2016 | US |
