The present disclosure relates to wood construction and more specifically to fasteners, systems, and methods for joining wooden members.
Mortise and tenon is a part of human wood-framed construction history and has been used to construct many different objects such as furniture, buildings, or other house appliances. However, existing methods of mortise and tenon joinery are far from perfect and create several issues when the user is applying mortise and tenon to various situations. First, traditional wood-to-wood mortise and tenon joinery requires a skilled craftsperson or expert in the trade to cut the rectangular tenons and bore the matching, deep, rectangular mortises. Second, the traditional method of wood-to-wood mortise and tenon requires glue to ensure the mortise and tenon remain attached to each other. Using glue adds the elements of application time, glue costs, drying time and glue cleanup. Third, clamps or other tools are required to bring and then hold the mortise and tenon together until the glue is dried. Moreover, clamps only work for short perpendicular or parallel connections and not for connections where the plurality of objects or members is long or at angles other than perpendicular or parallel. Fourth, metal-to-metal connections require welding skills and a welding machine and/or metalworking equipment. Fifth, metal-to-wood connections require both metalworking and woodworking skills, tools, and machinery. Sixth, connections made of wood-to-wood are not as weather-resistant as metal-to-metal, metal-to-wood or synthetics and will shrink and leave a gap between the object's joints and may lead to further deterioration from weather or insects. Seventh, where the first object is in horizontal position and the second object is in a vertical position, with through-tenons joined at 90.0 degrees where the horizontal object must be offset, higher or lower, on the vertical object, to prevent the through-tenons from colliding inside the vertical object. Eighth, if the plurality objects are connected with glue or welded to each other, the plurality of joined objects cannot later be separated and then reconnected multiple times without severe damage. Ninth, if conventional wood screws are used to connect the first object and the second object, and then attempts are made to remove and then reinsert those screws, for purposes of disconnecting the first object and the second object, the hole created by the screw is enlarged with each attempt resulting in a connection that will fail.
Other variations of mortise and tenon joinery include dowel or biscuit mortise and tenon methods. However, these methods also create issues. For example, boring a mortise on the butt end of the first object to receive a dowel or biscuit is difficult due to the small surrounding surface area. Also, the dowels, biscuits, and the tools or jigs to create the mortises are sized to work with furniture-sized second object thus not available for larger-scale objects such as those used for timber-frame or post and beam construction. Furthermore, timber-frame and post and beam construction methods also have issues. For example, timber-frame and post and beam are very heavy, highly skilled carpenters and expensive tools are required to create the large tenons, to bore the deep mortises and difficult to test-fit without long, heavy, expensive clamps.
Accordingly, the present inventor has endeavored to develop fasteners, systems, and methods for wood construction that eliminate or minimize issues of conventional wood constructions methods, and through research and development, the present inventor has developed the fasteners, systems, and methods described hereinbelow.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In certain examples, a method for fastening a first wooden member to a second wooden member includes the step of securing, with a first fastener and a second fastener, a tenon to the first wooden member such that the tenon extends away from the first wooden member. The tenon has a first hole in which the first fastener is received, a second hole in which a second fastener is received, and a third hole. The method further includes the steps of positioning the tenon into a cavity defined in a first side of the second wooden member such that the first wooden member is adjacent to the first side of the second wooden member, positioning a third fastener through the second wooden member such that the third fastener extends into the cavity, and receiving the third fastener in the third hole of the tenon to thereby fasten the first wooden member to the second wooden member.
In certain examples, a method for fastening a first wooden member to a second wooden member includes the step of securing, with a first fastener and a second fastener, a tenon to the second wooden member such that the tenon extends away from the second wooden member. The tenon has a first hole in which the first fastener is received, a second hole in which a second fastener is received, and a third hole. The method further includes the steps of positioning the tenon into a cavity defined in a first side of the first wooden member such that the first wooden member is adjacent to the first side of the second wooden member, positioning a third fastener through the first wooden member such that the third fastener extends through a cavity in the first member into the third hole of the tenon to thereby fasten the first wooden member to the second wooden member.
In certain examples, a system for fastening a first wooden member to a second wooden member that extends along a longitudinal axis and has a first side and a second side opposite the first side includes a tenon configured to couple to the first wooden member such that the tenon extends from the first wooden member. The tenon has a first hole, a second hole, and a third hole. A first fastener extends through the first hole of the tenon and is configured to secure the tenon to the first wooden member. A second fastener extends through the second hole of the tenon and is configured to secure the tenon to the first wooden member. A third fastener extends through the second wooden member and is received into the third hole of the tenon to thereby secure the first wooden member to the second wooden member.
Various other features, objects, and advantages will be made apparent from the following description taken together with the drawings.
The present disclosure is described with reference to the following Figures. The same numbers are used throughout the Figures to reference like features and like components.
Referring now to
To begin connecting the members 11, 12 with the system 30, the tenon 32 is positioned on the first member 11. That is, the user places a first surface 33 of the tenon 32 against the first member 11. Two or more fasteners 40 are then inserted through holes 36 in the tenon 32 and driven into the first member 11 to a maximum depth allowed by the fastener 40. Accordingly, the tenon 32 is permanently secured to the first member 11 by the fasteners 40.
The user then prepares the second member 12 for connection to the first member 11 and the tenon 32. The user begins by drilling a cavity 23 in a first side 24 of the second member 12, an opening 25 in a second side 26 of the second member 12, and a bore 27 through the second member 12 that extends to and through the cavity 23 and the opening 25. Note that the shape of the cavity 23 can vary, and in certain examples, the cavity 23 is shaped to correspond with the shape of the tenon 32. Also, the shape of the opening 25 can vary. In one example, the shape of the opening 25 corresponds with the shape of the head 43 of the fastener 42 such that the head 43 of the fastener 42 is recessed into the opening 25 when the fastener 42 is received in the bore 27 (described hereinbelow). In another examples, the opening 25 is enlarged relative to the head 43 of the fastener 42 such that a tool (not shown), such as a socket wrench can engage the fastener 42. In other examples, the opening 25 can be eliminated entirely whereby an intermediary member, such as a washer (not shown), can be placed between the head 43 of the fastener 42 and the surface of the second side 26.
Once the second member 12 is prepared, the tenon 32 on the first member 11 is inserted into the cavity 23. Then a fastener 42 is inserted into the opening 25 and the bore 27 such that the threaded end of fastener 42 engages with one of the threaded holes 36 of the tenon 32. Note that the fastener 42 extends through the bore 27 of the second member 12 is received into a threaded hole 36 of the tenon 32 that is threaded and not occupied by the fasteners 40 that connect the tenon 32 to the first member 11. The fastener 42 has a threaded end that engages with threads in the hole 36, and accordingly, rotation of the fastener 42 causes the fastener 42 to engage with the tenon 32 and cause the tenon 32 and the first member 11 to be pulled into tight contact, without other mechanical means such as clamps, with the second member 12. In certain examples, the first side 24 of the second member 12 contacts the first member 11 as the fastener 42 is tightened. The system 30 does not require clamps to draw members 11, 12 together as tightening occurs and does not require adhesives, screws, or other mechanical means to hold the members 11, 12 together. Furthermore, this process of attaching the members 11, 12 together can be reversed thus detaching the first member 11 from the second member 12 and then repeated to again attach the members 11, 12 and then repeated an unlimited number of times without aesthetic or weakening of structural integrity of the connection. In certain examples, the second member 12 does not have the opening 25. Instead, in this example, the fastener 42 is driven into and through the bore 27 of the second member 12. In another example, multiple threaded fasteners 42 extend through the second member 12 and engage the threaded holes 36 of the tenon 32. In another example, the bore 27 is excluded and the fastener 42 is driven through the second member 12.
Referring to
The tenon 32 can be formed with metal or other synthetic materials. The threads that extend into the holes 36 may accept fasteners 42 made of any suitable material. In certain examples, the connection between the tenon 32 and the fastener 42 becomes one of metal-to-metal, or synthetics, the repeated turning and unturning of the fastener 42 permits the member 11, 12 to be connected, disconnected, and reconnected an unlimited number of times. Furthermore, the tenon 32 is thinner than the depth of traditionally carved wooden tenons such that the user only needs to create a shallow cavity 23 in second member 12 of a size and shape of the tenon 32 in comparison with the much deeper mortise required in traditional mortise and tenon joinery. Furthermore, the metal-to-metal, or synthetics, allows the user to turn the fastener 42 with tools, such as a standard wrench or Allen wrench, perpendicular to the direction of the fastener 42 thus providing leverage to draw members 11, 12 tight together without assistance from other mechanical devices such as clamps.
In certain examples, the tenon 32 has a round-end shape that allows the user to bore the cavity 23 with a common drill bit in lieu of expensive, bulky, and heavy specialized and powered mortising machinery. Furthermore, the shape of the tenon 32 may permit the user to use a shallow-depth router bit and router to bore a capsule-shaped cavity 23 in a single, shallow pass.
Referring to
In certain examples, the system 30 of the present disclosure uses a metal or synthetic tenon that is configured to create a better way to join two objects in a manner that allows the objects to be connected, disconnected, and then reconnected an unlimited number of times. Instead of cutting a long tenon on the butt end of a framing member and boring a deep, rectangular shaped mortise in the object it is to be attached to, as in traditional carpentry, the system 30 provides a thin intermediate tenon positioned between two members with a plurality of fasteners. Because the tenons can be manufactured from stainless steel, synthetics or other non-corroding materials the members may be kiln-dried wood, non-kiln-dried wood, green-treated wood, metal, synthetics, or concrete and furthermore the members can be components of structures that remain in even extremely wet conditions or even submerged without loss of structural integrity and without loss of the repeated assembly and disassembly benefits discussed previously. While traditional wood, dowels and biscuit tenons require a large surface area for glue, and therefore a deep mortise, to accept that tenon the system 30 does not require glue and therefore only requires the user to create a shallow mortise. The system 30 only requires a plurality of threaded metal or synthetic fasteners to create a connection, so the objects do not bend, twist, or pull out as they would with a traditional, non-glued, mortise and tenon joint. This lack of glue, using the system 30, allows users to assemble and disassemble the joined objects an unlimited number of times, which greatly expands the possible application. For example, the user may quickly assemble and then disassemble members to apply paints, stains and other finishes, to test fit objects or to reduce bulk for transporting and storage of large components created from multiple members such as large tables that need to be disassembled to be moved through small door openings and then reassembled, frequently moved items such as bunk beds or pre-built structures that need to be reduced in volume for transportation, or temporary seasonal structures that need to be assembled, disassembled, transported, stored, and then transported and reassembled as is the case with mobile ice-fishing, hunting, emergency, camping, construction shelters.
Note that while the above description of the fasteners, systems, and methods of the present disclosure refers to connecting wooden members, the fasteners, systems, and methods of the present disclosure may also be used to connect members formed of any material, such as plastic, composites, or metal.
In certain examples, a method for fastening a first wooden member to a second wooden member includes the step of securing, with a first fastener and a second fastener, a tenon to the first wooden member such that the tenon extends away from the first wooden member. The tenon has a first hole in which the first fastener is received, a second hole in which a second fastener is received, and a third hole. The method further includes the steps of positioning the tenon into a cavity defined in a first side of the second wooden member such that the first wooden member is adjacent to the first side of the second wooden member, positioning a third fastener through the second wooden member such that the third fastener extends into the cavity, and receiving the third fastener in the third hole of the tenon to thereby fasten the first wooden member to the second wooden member.
In certain examples, the method includes the steps of rotating the third fastener in the third hole of the tenon to thereby tighten the first wooden member to the second wooden member. In certain examples, the second wooden member extends along a longitudinal axis and has a second side opposite the first side and the third fastener extends transverse to the longitudinal axis between the first side and the second side of the second wooden member. In certain examples, the first fastener and the second fastener are self-tapping screws. In certain examples, a cutout is defined in the second side of the second wooden member and the third fastener has a head, and when the third fastener secures the first wooden member to the second wooden member, the head of the third fastener is recessed in the cutout. In certain examples, the method includes the step of removing the third fastener such that the first wooden member and the second wooden member can be disconnected from each other such that the tenon remains secured on the first wooden member such that first and second wooden member can be repeatably connected and disconnected without damaging the first wooden member, the second wooden member, the tenon, the fasteners, or the cavity.
In the present description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. The different apparatuses, systems, and method steps described herein may be used alone or in combination with other apparatuses, systems, and methods. It is to be expected that various equivalents, alternatives and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
The present disclosure is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/731,579 filed Sep. 14, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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