Patent Application
20230255869
The present invention describes a hair composition, a method of hair treatment, a process of producing fatty acid derivatives, and the use of these hair compositions. More specifically, the present invention comprises fatty hydroxy esters and fatty hydroxy amides in hair compositions to improve hair shine and strength. The present invention is located in the fields of Personal Hygiene, Cosmetics and Chemistry.
Hair is constantly damaged through washing, dyeing, bleaching and heat treatments. These procedures, most of the time, lead to changes in the structures of the hair fiber, causing damage, mainly to the cuticle (region present on the surface of the hair fiber) responsible for the characteristics of shine and smoothness of the hair.
Silicone-based compounds have been used in the cosmetic formulations for hair to promote an increase in hair fiber shine. The most used silicones in the cosmetic area are phenyltrimethicone, cyclomethicone, dimethicone and amino propyl phenyltrimethicone. However, silicones are obtained by chemical reactions involving chlorinated compounds of petrochemical origin and non-renewable source, that offer environmental danger, as well as are related to their bioaccumulative properties, making the threads heavy and difficult to model and have low biodegradability. Recently, the cosmetic market has been looking for new alternatives to produce more sustainable, biodegradable and environmentally attractive products.
In the search for the state of the art, in scientific and patent literatures, the following documents were found that deal with the subject:
Thus, from what can be seen from the researched literature, no documents were found anticipating or suggesting the teachings of the present invention, so that the solution proposed here has novelty and inventive activity compared to the state of the art.
Thus, there is a need in the state of the art for new products, through sustainable processes, which are presented as an efficient alternative to enhance hair shine, compared to the main silicones used in cosmetic applications.
Thus, the present invention solves the problems of the state of the art from a fatty acid derivative, and its use in method of hair treatments, increasing hair shine and strength.
In a first object, the present invention presents a fatty acid derivative, wherein the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide, and the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons.
In a second object, the present invention presents a process of producing fatty acid derivatives comprising:
a) a reaction step between a fatty acid with 16 to 22 carbons and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyalcohol and amino-alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of fatty acid:alcohol is from 2:1 to 1:2, and the synthesis takes place for 3 hours to 8 hours at a temperature between 55° C. and 165° C.;
b) a step of water removal;
c) a step of separating the fatty acid derivative.
In a third object, the present invention presents a hair composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of at least one fatty acid derivative, wherein
the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons, e
the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide.
In a fourth object, the present invention presents a method of hair treatment comprising a step of applying a fatty acid derivative to the hair, wherein the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide, wherein the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons.
These and other objects of the invention will be immediately appreciated by those skilled in the art and will be described in detail below.
The following figures are presented:
Shine actives for hair treatment are mainly made from silicone, due to its refractive, reflection and interaction index with the hair strands. However, silicones are being excluded from natural cosmetic products because they are obtained through chlorinated compounds, that offer environmental danger, as well as issues related to their bioaccumulative properties and because they have low biodegradability.
Furthermore, the synthesis process of the actives of the present invention complies with the precepts of green chemistry, which include the use of catalysts, absence of organic solvents, low energy consumption and atomic economy. For the synthesis of the main chemical structure of the actives, a process was developed that increases the conversion of reagents into products, with optimized chemical proportions, making the process more sustainable.
The present product was developed through a study of the molecular structure of actives considering three elementary properties to obtain a good performance of shine in the hair; refractive index, reflection index and intermolecular interactions between the cuticle of the hair fiber with the chemical functions present in the molecules.
The phenomenon of light refraction can be defined when light passes from one medium to another with a change in propagation speed and is directly related to the reflection index and brightness of a material. Products derived from fatty mono- and diesters (FMDE) or fatty hydroxy amides (FHA), ricinoleamide in particular, have a refractive index (n) similar to phenyltrimethicone, a silicone-based product widely used in the cosmetic area as an active for shine. The refractive index values for the mentioned compounds are n=1.4970 for phenyltrimethicone, n=1.3975 for cyclomethicone; n=1.4855 for ricinoleamide (FHA) and n=1.4790 for FMDE.
In relation to intermolecular interactions, FMDE and FHA compounds present polar groups capable of interacting properly on the hair cuticle, thus requiring a lower concentration of these molecules in the formulation, in relation to silicones, to promote the same intensity of shine in the hair.
FHA derivatives, in particular ricinoleamide, have already been mentioned in other personal care applications as a foaming agent, surfactant and viscosity-giving agent, but not as hair shine actives.
The synthesis of these molecules for shine involves reactions between fatty acids and/or oils from vegetable sources with diols or amino-alcohols that react with each other forming fatty mono- and diesters (FMDE) and fatty hydroxy amides (FHA). These molecules provide the formation of a film on the hair fiber with a high refractive index, capable of promoting a significant increase in hair shine. One of the benefits most desired by users of cosmetic hair care products.
Given this scenario, a synthetic product with a high degree of vegetalization capable of promoting hair shine in a more accentuated way was developed when compared to the traditional silicones commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
Fatty mono- and diesters (FMDE) and fatty hydroxy amides (FHA) are products with a high degree of vegetalization and are synthesized by mild chemical processes. These compounds were challenged in a hair treatment against market products, recognized worldwide for being effective in increasing hair shine, that contain silicone derivatives in their composition, and showed equal or greater efficiency, due to a greater interaction of these compounds with the hair fiber. It is noted that the derivative of (FHA) C18:1-12OH ricinoleamide shows greater efficiency in providing increased shine in the first application when compared to other compounds at the same concentrations, as can be seen in
In addition, it is emphasized that the actives of the present invention are surprisingly able to promote benefits to the user's hair even if used alone, regardless of the presence of silicones and other active components, mainly due to their high interaction with the amino acid residues present in the keratin of the hair fiber, thus maximizing the performance of shine and increased hair strength.
In a first object, the present invention presents a fatty acid derivative, wherein the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide, and the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid is a vegetable oil. In one embodiment, the fatty acid is derived from castor oil.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid derivative comprises an alcoholic moiety derived from a polyalcohol. In one embodiment, the polyalcohol is 1,3-propanediol.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid derivative is a diester. In one embodiment, the fatty acid derivative comprises ricinoleate monoester and/or ricinoleate diester. In one embodiment, the fatty acid derivative is ricinoleamide.
In a second object, the present invention presents a process for the production of fatty acid derivatives comprising:
a) a reaction step between a fatty acid with 16 to 22 carbons and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of polyalcohol and amino-alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of fatty acid:alcohol is from 2:1 to 1:2, and the synthesis takes place for 3 hours to 8 hours at a temperature between 55° C. and 165° C.;
b) a step of water removal;
c) a step of separating the fatty acid derivative.
In one embodiment, the reaction step comprises at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of ion exchange resin in acid form with an example being Amberlyst 15 (0.5% to 0.6% m/m), methanesulfonic acid (0.5% m/m), lipase catalyst (0.5% m/m) and KOH catalyst (0.5% m/m).
In one embodiment, the reaction of step a is an esterification and/or an amidation.
In one embodiment, the step of separating the fatty acid derivative comprises a step of filtering the catalyst, after the step of removing water, formed by the condensation reaction of step a.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid is derived from castor oil.
In one embodiment, the polyalcohol is a dialcohol. In one embodiment, the dialcohol is 1,3-propanediol. In one embodiment, the amino alcohol is ethanolamine.
In a third object, the present invention presents a hair composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of at least one fatty acid derivative, wherein
the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons, and
the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide.
In one embodiment, the hair composition comprises from 0.1% to 5% by weight of at least one fatty acid derivative. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from 0.5% to 1% by weight of at least one fatty acid derivative.
In one embodiment, the hair composition comprises a fatty acid diester. In one embodiment, the hair composition comprises ricinoleate monoester and/or ricinoleate diester. In one embodiment, the hair composition comprises ricinoleamide.
In one embodiment, the hair composition is a conditioner, leave-in, shampoo, styling cream, hair mask, hair spray, hair care ampoule or finisher.
In a fourth object, the present invention presents a method of hair treatment comprising a step of applying a fatty acid derivative to hair, wherein the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide, wherein the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons.
In one embodiment, the present invention presents a method of hair treatment comprising a step of applying to hair a hair composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of at least one fatty acid derivative, wherein
the fatty acid comprises from 16 to 22 carbons, and
the fatty acid derivative is a hydroxy ester and/or a hydroxy amide.
In one embodiment, the application step is performed for 1 minute to 60 minutes and comprises a subsequent rinsing step. In one embodiment, the application time is from 1 minute to 10 minutes. In one embodiment, the application time is from 1 minute to 5 minutes. In one embodiment, the application time is from 1 minute to 2 minutes.
In one embodiment, the method of treatment is to increase hair shine. In one embodiment, the hair has damage from washing, dyeing, bleaching and heat treatment. In one embodiment, the method of treatment increases the strength of the hairs, or at least maintains the natural strength. In one embodiment, hair strength can be estimated according to the maximum breaking stress of the hair strands.
In one embodiment, the method of hair treatment provides a maximum breaking strength to bleached hair of 1.5.10−2 Gmf/μm2 to 1.8.10−2 Gmf/μm2. In one embodiment, the method of hair treatment provides a maximum breaking strength to bleached hair of 1.6.10−2 Gmf/μm2.
In one embodiment, the method of hair treatment increases the maximum breaking strength of treated hair to values 10% to 15% higher than bleached and untreated hair. In one embodiment, the method of hair treatment increases the maximum breaking strength of treated hair to values 11% to 12% higher than bleached and untreated hair.
In a fifth object, the present invention presents the use of hair compositions comprising said fatty acid derivatives, to increase hair shine and/or maintain hair strength.
In one embodiment, the present invention presents the use of said fatty acid derivatives for the production of hair compositions.
The present invention can be applied to products in the cosmetic and veterinary areas, in particular products for hair care such as conditioners, leave-in, shampoos, hair masks, hair spray, ampoules for hair treatment, finishers, among others, with the objective to clean, protect, modify, style and restore hair.
In the present invention, it is understood by:
Leave-in: as used herein, the terms “Leave-in” and “Leave-on” refer to a product to be applied to the hair, usually after washing the strands, it is a product to be applied to clean hair and without the need to rinse after application.
The examples shown here are intended only to exemplify one of the many ways to carry out the invention, but without limiting its scope.
Production of Fatty Acid Derivatives
Ethanolamine was used as aminoalcohol and 1,3-propanediol as dialcohol and fatty acids ranging from C16-C22 were used to synthesize fatty hydroxy amides (FHA) and fatty mono- and diesters (FMDE). The reactions were conducted in a temperature range between 55° C. to 165° C.
Non-exhaustive examples of fatty acids that can be used in the present invention are: C16— Palmitic Acid; C18:1— Oleic Acid; C18:2— Linoleic Acid; C18:1 12-OH—Ricinoleic Acid; and C22—Docosanoic Acid.
It is emphasized that the examples of the production process of the assets of the present invention are green, encompassing the use of catalysts, absence of solvent, low energy consumption and atomic economy.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, ethanolamine (4 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and ion exchange resin were added as catalyst (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated at 100-120° C. for 8 hours under vacuum (35 mbar) to remove the water generated during the process. Subsequently, the reaction system was filtered through a Büchner funnel to remove the catalyst, providing the product with 80-91% yield.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, ethanolamine (4.4 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and ion exchange resin were added as catalyst (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated at 100-120° C. for 5 hours under vacuum (35 mbar) to remove the water generated during the process. Subsequently, the reaction system was filtered through a Büchner funnel to remove the catalyst, providing the product with 85-93% yield.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, ethanolamine (4.2 mols) and fatty acid (4 mols) were added. The reaction system was heated between 140-165° C. for 3 hours under nitrogen flow. Subsequently, a vacuum (35 mbar) was applied for 4 hours. The products were obtained in yields between 75-90%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, ethanolamine (4.15 mols) and fatty acid (4 mols) were added. The reaction system was heated between 140-165° C. for 3 hours under nitrogen flow. Subsequently, vacuum (35 mbar) was applied for another 2 hours. The products were obtained in yields between 81-88%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, ethanolamine (4.5 mols) and fatty acid (4 mols) were added. The reaction system was heated between 140-165° C. for 3 hours under nitrogen flow. Subsequently, vacuum (35 mbar) was applied for another 2 hours. The products were obtained in yields between 85-92%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (6 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and ion exchange resin were added as catalyst (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated at 100-120° C. for 8 hours under vacuum (35 mbar) to remove the water generated during the process. Subsequently, the reaction system was filtered through a Büchner funnel to remove the catalyst, providing fatty mono- and diesters as products with yields ranging from 70-85%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (6 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and ion exchange resin were added as catalyst (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated at 100-165° C. for 8 hours under vacuum (35 mbar) to remove the water generated during the process. Subsequently, the reaction system was filtered through a Büchner funnel to remove the catalyst, providing fatty mono- and diesters as products with yields ranging from 72-89%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (6 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and ion exchange resin were added as catalyst (0.6% m/m). The reaction system was heated between 140-165° C. for 3 hours under nitrogen flow. Subsequently, vacuum (35 mbar) was applied for 5 hours. Mono- and fatty diester products were obtained with yields ranging from 75-90%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (6 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and methanesulfonic acid catalyst (0.5% m/m) were added. The reaction system was heated between 80-90° C. for 3 hours under nitrogen flow and vacuum (150 mbar) for 5 hours. Subsequently, the reaction crude was washed with aqueous sodium carbonate solution and then the product was dried at 90° C. under nitrogen flow and vacuum. The fatty mono- and diester products were obtained in yields between 77-91%.
In a 2 L round-bottomed flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (4.5 mols), fatty acid (4 mols) and lipase catalyst, being an example a (CALB) (0, 5% m/m). The reaction system was heated between 55-60° C. for 8 hours under nitrogen flow and vacuum (150 mbar). Subsequently, the enzyme was removed by filtration. Fatty mono- and diester products were obtained in yields between 80-93%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (2 mols), vegetable oil, preferably castor oil (4 mols) and KOH catalyst (0.5 mols) were added (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated between 55-60° C. for 5 hours under nitrogen flow. Subsequently, the reaction crude was washed with aqueous citric acid solution. Then, residual water was removed from the product by heating at 100° C., under vacuum (100 mbar) and nitrogen flow. The fatty mono- and diester products were obtained in yields between 85-90%.
In a 2 L round bottom flask coupled to a mechanical stirrer and under nitrogen flow, 1,3-propanediol (2 mols), vegetable oil (4 mols), preferably castor oil and lipase catalyst were added (CALB) (0.5% m/m). The reaction system was heated between 55-60° C. for 8 hours under nitrogen flow and vacuum (150 mbar). Subsequently, the enzyme was removed by filtration. The fatty mono- and diester products were obtained in yields between 80-93%.
The examples of production 6 to 8 involving an ion exchange resin in acid form, being the Amberlyst 15 an example of this type of catalyst, have similar yields when compared to homogeneous catalysts (example 9). However, the production process using ion exchange resin does not involve neutralization and washing steps, which leads to a direct and environmentally attractive process.
In addition, synthetic processes involving lipases, preferably CALB, occur under mild reaction conditions, in high yields and with easy removal, because it is a heterogeneous catalyst, showing a great alternative to the classic processes found in the literature.
Examples of cosmetic compositions developed with addition of hydroxy ester or hydroxy amide of a fatty acid comprising from 16 to 22 carbons are:
Shampoo with Sulfate
Composition comprising: 0.1-30%, preferably 0.1-5%, of at least one fatty acid derivative comprising from 16 to 22 carbons, said derivative being hydroxy ester and/or hydroxy amide; sodium lauryl ether sulfate 22-30%, disodium EDTA 0.05-0.1%, cocoamidopropyl betaine 4-8%, amide 90 2.5-5%, sodium chloride 0.5-2.0, preservatives and antimicrobial agents 0.5-1% and water qsp 100%.
Shampoo without Sulfate
Composition comprising: 0.1-30% preferably 0.1-5% of at least one fatty acid derivative comprising from 16 to 22 carbons, said derivative being hydroxy ester and/or hydroxy amide; glycerin 1-3%, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 1.5-3%, lauryl glucoside 7.5-12%, cocoamidopropyl betaine 4-8%, sodium chloride 0.5-2.0, preservative and antimicrobial agents 0.5-1% and water qsp 100%.
Conditioner
Composition comprising: 0.1-30% preferably 0.1-5% of at least one fatty acid derivative comprising from 16 to 22 carbons, said derivative being hydroxy ester and/or hydroxy amide; 30/70 cetostearyl alcohol 2.5-5%, cetyl alcohol 1-3%, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 0.3-1.5-%, disodium EDTA 0.05-0.1%, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride CTAC 0.5-3%, preservative and antimicrobial agents 0.25-1% and water qsp 100%.
Leave on
Composition comprising: 0.1-30% preferably 0.1-5% of at least one fatty acid derivative comprising from 16 to 22 carbons, said derivative being hydroxy ester and/or hydroxy amide; cetostearyl alcohol 30/70 3-5%, cetyl alcohol 0.8-2.5%, disodium EDTA 0.05-0.1%, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride CTAC 0.8-2.5%, preservatives and antimicrobial agents 0.25-1% and water qsp 100%.
Mask
Composition comprising: 0.1-30% preferably 0.1-5% of at least one fatty acid derivative comprising from 16 to 22 carbons, said derivative being hydroxy ester and/or hydroxy amide; cetostearyl alcohol 30/70 3-4%, cetyl alcohol 1-2%, behenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride 0.3-1%, disodium EDTA 0.05-0.1%, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride CTAC 0.5-2%, preservative and antimicrobial agents 0.25-1% and water qsp 100%.
Shine Evaluation
The tests for evaluating the effectiveness in the shine of locks of hair were carried out with standardized fibers of CaucasianU, brown, straight hair, supplied by International Hair Importers— USA, model most used for these types of tests (Table 1).
Pre-Treatment of Locks
The locks were washed with anti-residue shampoo and dried naturally (24±1h) before treatment.
Application of Formulations
The formulations were applied according to the protocol described below: For the locks in group G1 (Control), shampoo was applied in a standardized amount of SLES solution (8.1% active) on wet hair and gently massaged for 1 minute. Then rinsed for 1 minute.
For locks in group G2 (Placebo) and with the actives: G3 (Ricinoleamide), G4 (Cyclometicone), G5 (Phenyltrimethicone), G6 (Dimethicone), G7 (Aminopropyl phenyltrimethicone) and G8 (Propylene glycol dibenzoate) and G9 (Ricinoleate mono- and diesters), shampoo was applied in a standardized amount of placebo/standard shampoo to wet hair and gently massaged for 1 minute. Then rinsed for 1 minute. After rinsing the hair, the conditioner (3.0±0.2 g) was applied to the entire length of the hair, massaging and untangling the hair. Leaving the product to act for 2 minutes and it was rinsed for 1 minute. This protocol was repeated once, and then four more times, for all groups according to their specific treatment, described in Table 1.
Efficacy evaluation on the shine of locks of hair
The locks were kept in a controlled environment at 23±2° C. and 50±5% relative humidity (R. H.), for at least 24 hours before the tests were started. The entire test period was carried out under the same environmental conditions.
The evaluation of hair shine was performed on three locks per group, using the equipment SAMBA Hair System of the company Bossa Nova Technologies, USA.
The locks of hair were positioned on a cylindrical support that slides into the interior of the equipment, in order to carry out the measurements.
The equipment successively captures two parallel images of the locks of hair. Specular image and diffuse image. The specular image is formed only by the light reflected by the hair surfaces (first and second) of reflection. This image contains the brightness information. The diffused image (diffuse) is formed only by the scattered light coming from inside the hair.
The SAMBA system program calculates parameters associated with the reflection and refraction of light, the most used parameter is Luster, which evaluates the real state and quality of the brightness of the object under study. This parameter can be calculated simultaneously through different formulas, and for this study the analysis data obtained by the Reich-Robbins formula was used.
Statistical Evaluation
For the statistical evaluation of the tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Tukey's test was applied when analysis of variance detected significant differences between the groups. For comparative tests between before and after the same sample, the t-Test (Student) was used.
Through
The group of locks treated with the ricinoleate mono- and diester active obtained a significant increase in the shine value of 85.8% in relation to the group of locks treated with the active Amino phenyltrimethicone and of 89.2% for the group treated with Propylene glycol dibenzoate.
Comparison of Shine in Shampoo Formulations
Shampoo formulations were applied according to the methodology described above to different hair samples. The difference between the shine provided by the active ricinoleate diester (0.5%) compared to castor oil (0.5%), placebo and control can be seen in
The results allowed evaluating that the active of the present invention presented 455% more shine to the hair when compared with the placebo composition. Furthermore, the active of the present invention provided a greater shine to the hair when compared to the control samples and samples treated with castor oil.
Comparison of Shine with Pure Active
Additionally, tests were carried out with the fatty acid derivatives in their pure form. The application method and shine evaluation were carried out as described above. The locks used were virgin, bleached and dyed (intense red) hair, and the results can be seen in
As can be seen, the treatment of hair with the pure derivative was able to increase the shine of all types of hair tested.
Evaluation of the cuticular region of hair fibers by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
The tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the shine on locks of hair were carried out with standardized fibers of straight, dark brown hair, provided by International Hair Importers— USA.
Pre-Treatment of Locks
The locks were washed with anti-residue shampoo and dried naturally (24±1h).
Bleaching of the Locks
After the pre-treatment, the locks of hair from the groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 (average weight of 2 g per lock), were subjected to the process of chemical bleaching.
To carry out the process, a bleaching mixture was prepared with 15 g of bleaching powder and 30 g of hydrogen peroxide 30 volumes. This mixture was evenly applied to the locks of hair. After application, the locks were wrapped in aluminum foil and left to rest for 45 minutes. After the time of action of the bleaching mixture, the locks were washed and rinsed abundantly with running water (2 minutes) and received the application of a standard conditioner. After 2 minutes of rest, for the conditioner to work, the locks were rinsed again. The locks were dried with hot air from the dryer.
The whole process was repeated two more times, totaling three bleachings.
Application of the Dye
After blenching, the locks were dyed with satin red (666). After applying the dye, the locks were wrapped in aluminum foil and left to rest for 40 minutes. After the time for the paint to work, the locks were washed and rinsed thoroughly with running water (3 minutes).
Application of Formulations
The formulations were applied according to the protocol described below:
For locks in the control group (G1), shampoo was applied in a standardized amount of SLES solution (25.0%) on wet hair and gently massaged for 1 minute. Then rinsed for 1 minute.
For the locks in the Placebo group (G2) and with the Ricinoleamide (G3) and Phenyltrimethicone (G4) actives, the shampoo was applied in a standardized amount of placebo/standard shampoo on wet hair and gently massaged for 1 minute. Then rinsed for 1 minute. After rinsing the hair, the conditioner (3.0±0.2 g) was applied to the entire length of the hair, massaging and untangling the hair. Leaving the product to act for 2 minutes and it was rinsed for 1 minute. This protocol was repeated once, and then four more times, for all groups according to their specific treatment, described in Table 2.
Evaluation of the Cuticular Region of Hair Fibers by SEM
The capillary fibers were kept in a room with controlled temperature and humidity values (23° C./50% relative humidity) for 24 hours before the tests were started. The entire test period was carried out under the same environmental conditions.
The evaluation of the surface of the hair fibers (cuticle region) was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), model 6460 LV (JEOL). The study is based on capturing images (1100× magnification) of 10 capillary fibers randomly selected from the evaluated groups. The evaluation of the integrity of the cuticular region was performed subjectively, through the evaluation of the micrographs obtained by SEM.
Through the images obtained by SEM of the group of hair fibers that did not receive treatment and did not undergo blenching and coloring processes (virgin), it is possible to observe the preserved cuticular region, with a defined, closed cuticular structure and more regular edges in relation to the images of the other evaluated groups (
The hair fibers of the Control (without treatment and submitted to a blenching and coloring process) and Placebo (treated with a placebo conditioner formulation after a blenching and coloring process) groups showed examples of fibers with a cuticular region with some flaws, more irregular edges, cuticles with a larger opening angle and fragments on the surface of the fibers (
The hair fibers treated with the formulation plus ricinoleamide showed greater preservation of the cuticular region, with more organized cuticles and less irregularity at the edges, when compared to the fibers in the Placebo and Control groups. It was also possible to observe a smaller cuticle opening angle and a smaller accumulation of fragments deposited on the surface of the fibers in relation to the Control and Placebo groups, which would provide improvement in shine and sensory characteristics, such as smoothness and combability (
The fibers treated with Phenyltrimethicone also showed preservation of the cuticular region in relation to the locks of the Control and Placebo groups, however, it was possible to observe some regions of the hair fibers with accumulations of products on the surfaces, characteristics of silicones, which can leave the hair heavy and difficult to model, in addition to retaining dirt on the formed film (
Evaluation of the Refractive Index
The index of refraction of a substance is the value obtained by the ratio of the speed of light in air and the speed of light in the substance. The equipment used was a refractometer, and the procedure consisted of checking the equipment with purified water, drying the prism carefully with fine paper and placing a drop of the sample on the prism, adjusting the meniscus and recording the result with 4 decimal places after the comma.
Resistance Test Comparing Treated and Virgin Hair
Bleaching Process
A bleaching mixture was prepared with 30 g of bleaching powder and 60 g of hydrogen peroxide 30 volumes, said mixture was uniformly applied to locks of hair (with an average weight of 2.0 g per lock).
After application, the locks were wrapped in aluminum foil and kept for 30 minutes in the Suntest chamber at 40° C. After the time for the bleaching mixture to work, the locks were washed and rinsed thoroughly with running water for 2 minutes and then dried using a dryer at medium temperature. The process in question was repeated two more times, totaling three bleachings.
Application of Hair Composition
After the bleaching process, leave-in compositions, shampoo and conditioner were applied to the locks.
A standardized amount of Leave-in (with 5% ricinoleate mono- and diesters) was applied to wet hair. The locks of hair were gently massaged and left to rest for 30 min with the product in the hair, then rinsed for 1 min.
Then, after being rinsed, a standardized amount of anti-residue shampoo (SLES solution with 8.1% active) was applied to wet hair. After applying the shampoo, the locks of hair were gently massaged for 1 min and rinsed for 1 min.
Finally, after rinsing, conditioner was applied over the entire length of the hair, massaging and untangling the hair for 2 minutes. In a last step, the locks were rinsed for 1 minute.
This treatment was repeated two more times, totaling three treatments. However, in the last treatment, after the application of the Leave-in (with 5% of ricinoleate mono- and diester), the excess of the product was removed, without a subsequent application of shampoo and conditioner. The removal of the product was necessary to carry out the resistance test, since the presence of excess makes it difficult to carry out the tests by making the crimps slippery.
Resistance Test Method
The hair fibers were kept in a room with a controlled temperature of 22±2° C. and relative humidity of 25±5%, for at least 24 hours, and the same conditions were maintained during the test.
For the evaluation of mechanical properties, samples of hair fibers were randomly selected from each group. The samples referring to each treatment were submitted to the reading of the diameter of each strand with the equipment FDAS-770 Dia-Stron Ltd and subsequently to the tensile test using the equipment MTT-680-Automated Miniature Tensile Tester da Dia-Stron Ltd. Through the software of the equipment, the Maximum Tension parameter resisted by the fiber before rupture was evaluated, correlating the maximum force with the diameter of the hair fiber.
The results referring to the resistance test can be seen in
The increase in hair fiber resistance can be explained due to the intermolecular interactions that occur between the ricinoleate mono- and diester active with the residues of the side chains of amino acids present in keratin. These interactions promote the formation of cross-links and cross-links, which promote increased strength in the hair, indicating that there is permeation of the active in the hair fiber. Thus, the ricinoleate mono- and diester active, in addition to promoting intense shine, promotes increased strength in the hair. These interactions are even more pronounced in the ricinoleate diesters active.
Those skilled in the art will value the knowledge presented here and will be able to reproduce the invention in the presented embodiments and in other variants and alternatives, covered by the scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2020 013855 3 | Jul 2020 | BR | national |
This application is the US National Phase of and claims the benefit of and priority on International Application No. PCT/BR2021/050294 having an international filing date of 7 Jul. 2021, which claims priority on and the benefit of Brazilian Patent Application No. 10 2020 013855 3 having a filing date of 7 Jul. 2020.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2021/050294 | 7/7/2021 | WO |
