Fatty halo alkanoate quaternaries of dialkylaminopropylamides

Abstract

Novel compositions of matter consisting of fatty halo alkanoate quaternaries of dialkylaminopropylamides have been found to be excellent emollients having surprisingly good anti-tangle and anti-static properties in hair preparations. They are prepared by reacting the dialkylaminopropylamides with fatty halo alkanoate esters.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

There is an ever-increasing need for improved emollients, particularly those having superior hair conditioning properties in view of the increased emphasis on hair styling for fashion purposes. This invention provides novel synthetic emollients having outstanding properties for the purposes mentioned.

Many emollients employed in hair conditioning either left the hair over fatted or static prone. They also presented formulation problems.

As part of the continuing attempt to prepare quaternary halides of various amides which could overcome these problems, e.g. gluconamide, it was found that reaction with higher alkyl chlorides, e.g. 2-ethyl, hexyl or decyl resulted in the decomposition of the gluconamide at the temperatures (120.degree.-140.degree. C.) necessary to bring about quaternary formation. This severely limited the synthetic possibilities.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that fatty halo alkanoate quarternaries of dialkyl amino propyl amides, corresponding to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein the RCO moiety is selected from the group consisting of gluconic acid, and C.sub.7 -C.sub.21 fatty acids; R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms; x is an integer of from 2 to 3; y is an integer of from 1 to 3; R" is selected from the group consisting of (CH.sub.2) .sub.(7-21) and sorbate; and X is halogen, are extremely effective emollients imparting excellent anti-tangle and anti-static properties, the latter even after dry combing. This is indeed surprising considering properties of the prior art materials. The compositions of this invention furthermore are relatively non-irritating and easy to formulate requiring no salt or acid.

DISCUSSION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The novel products of this invention can be prepared as follows: The corresponding oil, or acid, is reacted, e.g. with either gamma dimethylamino or gamma diethylaminopropylamine, at between about 140.degree.-160.degree. C. using an alkaline catalyst and a nitrogen atmosphere which inhibits oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It has been found that an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium methylate or ethylate work equally well.

The amide is then quaternized by reaction with the fatty halo alkanoate ester at temperatures in the range of about 100.degree. to 110.degree. C., utilizing glycols, e.g. propylene glycol, as a solvent.

Sources of the R are exemplified by gluconic acid, mink oil fatty acids, safflower fatty acids, hydrogenated tallow triglycerides, corn oil fatty acids, stearic, palmitic, myristic and lauric acids. The sources can be saturated or unsaturated, in the latter case can have up to 3 double bonds conjugated or unconjugated.

Especially preferred halides are chlorides and bromides.

Examples of chloro esters utilized are myristyl; cetyl; and sorbitol chloro acetates; and decyl propionate.

Thus, particularly effective compositions are those in which the RCO is the moiety from gluconic acid, safflower fatty acids, and hydrogenated tallow triglycerides; R' is CH.sub.3 ; x is 3; y is 1; R" is (CH.sub.2).sub.13 ; and X is Cl.

This invention, product workup and properties of these novel materials will be better understood by reference to the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

MYRISTYL 3-CHLOROPROPIONATE OF 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL MINK OIL FATTY ACID AMIDE

170-3g Mink 3-dimethylaminopropylamide 152g Myristyl 3-chloropropionate 215g propylene glycol

After heating the above materials for 4 hours at 110.degree. C., the theoretical chloride (2.9%) was obtained.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic Chloride = 2.9% % Solids = 60% % Propylene glycol = 40%______________________________________

EXAMPLE 2

SORBITOL CHLORO ACETATE QUATERNARY OF 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLAMIDE OF MINK OIL FATTY ACIDS

193g Mink oil amide 137g Sorbitol cloro acetate 220g propylene glycol

The above materials were heated at 110.degree. C. for 2 hours in order to obtain the theoretical 3.2% ionic chloride. Product is a light amber viscous liquid at room temperture.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic Chloride = 3.2% % Solids = 60% % Propylene glycol = 40%______________________________________

EXAMPLE 3

TETRADECYL CHLORO ACETATE QUATERNARY OF MINK OIL 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLAMIDE

Part A: [Amide formation]

Mink oil, a mixture of triglyceride containing myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, is reacted with 3-dimethylaminopropylamide using potassium hydroxide as the transamidation catalyst.

164g Mink oil 74g Diethylaminopropylamine 2g KOH

The above materials were heated, with agitation in a flask, at 140.degree.-150.degree. C. for 6 hrs. under a nitrogen atmosphere. An alkali number of 152 was obtained. Part B1: [Quaternary formation]

After cooling the above material to 50.degree. C., 201g of water and 201g propylene glycol were added. The mixture was agitated until homogeneous, then 162g of myristyl chloro acetate was added. The required ionic chloride of 2.5 was obtained after refluxing at 105.degree. C. for 10-12 hrs.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic chloride = 2.5% % Solids = 50% % Water = 25% % Propylene glycol = 25%______________________________________ Part B2: [Quaternary formation] 192.5g Mink amide 159.5g Myristyl chloro acetate 234.5g Propylene glycol

The theoretical chloride of 3% was obtained by heating the above materials at 110.degree. C. for 2 1/2 hrs.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic chloride = 3% % Solids = 60% % Propylene glycol = 40%______________________________________

This material has the advantage over the product described in B1 in that it is a liquid with the viscosity of glycerol at room temperature, the other material is a gel when cooled to room temperature.

EXAMPLE 4

TETRADECYL CHLORO ACETATE QUATERNARY OF 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL GLUCONAMIDE

Part A: [3-diemthylaminopropyl gluconamide]

178g Glucono delta lactone 102g Dimethylaminopropylamine 571g Isopropanol

An acid value of 0.3 was obtained after refluxing the above materials at 87.degree. C. for 1 hr.

Part B: [Quaternary formation]

After cooling the above solution to 50%, 291 g of myristyl chloro acetate was added. The ionic chloride reached a maximum value of 2.9% [3.1% is theoretical] after refluxing at 86.degree. C. for 5 hrs. Upon cooling to room temperature, the solution solidified into a soft solid.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic chloride = 2.9% % Solids = 50% % Isopropanol = 50% 2% Solution in ethanol - insoluble 2% Solution in water - dispersible______________________________________

EXAMPLE 5

DODECYL CHLORO ACETATE QUATERNARY OF 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL GLUCONAMIDE

Part A: [3-dimethylaminopropyl gluconamide]

178g Glucono delta lactone 102g Dimethylaminopropylamine 543g Isopropanol

After heating the above mixture under reflux at 87.degree. C. for 1 hr. an acid value 0.2 was obtained. The mixture was cooled to 50.degree. C.

Part B: [Quaternary formation]

To the above solution 263g lauryl chloro acetate was added. An ionic chloride of 3.3% [theoretical] was obtained after a 5 hr. reflux. Product solution cooled to 50.degree. C. and transferred to a jar, where, upon cooling to room temperature, it became a soft solid.

______________________________________Analyses: % Ionic chloride = 3.3% % Solids = 50% % Isopropanol = 50% 2% Solution in ethanol = insoluble 2% Solution in water = dispersible______________________________________

EXAMPLE 6

DECYL CHLORO ACETATE QUATERNARY OF 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL GLUCONAMIDE

Part A: [3-diemthylaminopropyl gluconamide]

178g Glucono delta lactone 102g Dimethylaminopropylamine 515g Isopropanol

The above materials were heated under reflux in a 2 liter flask equipped with a thermometer, stirrer and reflux condenser, for 1 hour. An acid value of 0.2 indicates complete reaction.

Part B: [Quaternary formation]

After cooling to about 60.degree. C., 235 g of decylchloro acetate was added. An ionic chloride of 3.4% [3.4% is theoretical] was obtained after a 5 hour reflux at 86.degree. C. After cooling to 50.degree. C., the liquid was poured into a jar, where upon cooling to room temperature, the material became a soft solid.

______________________________________Analyses: Ionic chloride = 3.4% % Solids = 50% % Isopropanol = 50% 2% Solution in ethanol - insoluble 2% Solution in water - dispersible______________________________________

EXAMPLE 7

SORBITOL MONOCHLORO ACETATE

______________________________________Charge: 520g Sorbitol (70% solution) 189g Chloro acetic acid 150g Toluene______________________________________

The above materials were heated under reflux in a 2 liter flask fitted with a thermometer, stirrer and water trap. Most of the water [188g] was removed at or below 90.degree. C. An acid value of 18.4 was obtained at this point. Heating at 110.degree. C. for an additional hour yielded an additional 18g of water; the acid value was reduced to 3.8% where it remained.

Upon cooling a clear very viscous liquid was obtained.

______________________________________Analyses: Acid value = 3.8% Saponification value = 453.5 % Chloride = 13.9%______________________________________

EXAMPLE 8

OCTADECYL MONOCHLORO ACETATE

______________________________________Charge: 540g Octadecyl alcohol (stearyl) 199g Chloro acetic acid 200 ml toluene 36g water to be removed______________________________________

The above material was refluxed in a 2 liter flask equipped with a thermometer, stirrer, water separator, to a maximum temperature of 139.degree. C. After 11/2 hrs. all the water [36g] was removed.

After neutralizing with 5% sodium carbonate and water, toluene was removed under water jet vacuum in a pot temperature of 129.degree. C. High vacuum distillation of the crude gave the following results:

______________________________________Fr. No. 1 198-201.degree. C./3 min. 58gFr. No. 2 124.degree. C./3 min. 400gFr. No. 3 125.degree. C./3 min. 194g______________________________________ Analyses of Fractions: ______________________________________Analyses of Fractions:1st fraction Acid value = 1.8 Saponificaton = 307.6 % Chloride = 9.7% % Ester = 94.5% % alcohol = 5.5%2nd fraction Acid value = 0.7 Saponification value = 321.2 % Chloride = 10.1% % Ester = 99% % Alcohol = 1%3rd fraction Acid value = 0.5 Saponification value = 320.4 % Chloride = 10.0 % Ester = 98.8% % Alcohol = 1.2%Total weight of ester = 642.4gYield of ester - 92.7% of theory______________________________________

EXAMPLE 9

TETRADECYL MONOCHLORO ACETATE

______________________________________Charge: 190g Chloro acetic acid 428g Tetradecyl alcohol (myristyl) 250 ml toluene 1g para toluene sulfonic acid 36g of water to be removed______________________________________

After refluxing the above materials in a 2 liter flask, equipped with a thermometer, stirrer, and water separator, for 11/2 hrs. The required amount of water was collected. The maxiumum temperature reached during this reflux period was 141.degree. C.

The ester solution was neutralized with 5% sodium carbonate and washed free of excess alkali with water.

Toluene was removed under water jet vacuum [max. temp. 140.degree. C.] and the crude distilled under high vacuum.

______________________________________Fr. No. 1 150-160.degree. C./1 min. 106gFr. No. 2 160-169.degree. C./1 min. 450g______________________________________ Analyses of Fractions: ______________________________________Analyses of Fractions:1st fraction Acid value = 0.50 Saponification value = 160.2 % Chloride = 10.1% % Ester = 83% % Alcohol = 17%2nd fraction Acid value = 0.13 Saponification value = 181 % Chloride = 11.5% % Ester = 94% % Alcohol = 6%Total ester content = 511gYield of ester = 88% of theory______________________________________

EXAMPLE 10

DODECYL MONOCHLORO ACETATE

______________________________________Charge: 372g Dodecyl alcohol (lauryl) 209g Chloro acetic acid 250 ml toluene 36g water to be removed______________________________________

The required amount of water (36g) was removed after refluxing the above materials, in a 2 liter flask fitted with a thermometer, stirrer and water trap, for an hour to a maximum temperature of 138.degree. C.

After neutralization of the cooled ester solution with 5% sodium bicarbonate and water, the toluene was removed under water jet vacuum to a pot temperature of 135.degree. c. A high vacuum distillation of the crude ester gave the following results:

______________________________________Fr. No. 1 130-135.degree. C./3 min. 89gFr. No. 2 135-152.degree. C./3 min. 419g______________________________________ ______________________________________Analyses of Fractions:1st fraction Acid value = 0.56 Saponificaton value = 109 % Chloride = 6.9% % Ester = 53% % Alcohol = 47%2nd fraction Acid value = 0.25 Saponification value = 205 % Chloride = 13% % Ester = 100%Total ester content = 461gYield = 84.6% theory______________________________________

EXAMPLE 11

DECYL MONOCHLORO ACETATE

______________________________________Charge: 316g Decyl alcohol 208g Monochloro acetic acid 1g Para toluene sulfonic acid 250 ml Toluene 36g water to be removed______________________________________

The above materials were refluxed in a 2 liter flask equipped with a thermometer, stirrer and water trap which was fitted with a reflux condenser. The required 36g of water was collected after refluxing, at a maximum temperature of 137.degree. C., for 11/2 hrs.

Upon cooling the crude ester solution was washed neutral with 5% sodium bicarbonate followed with water.

Toluene was removed under water jet vacuum to a pot temperature of 135.degree. C.; crude ester was distilled under high vacuum.

______________________________________Fr. No. 1 113-127.degree. C./3 min. 123gFr. No. 2 128-130.degree. C./3 min. 325g______________________________________ ______________________________________Analyses of Fractions:1st fraction Acid value = 0.3 Saponificaton value = 189 % Chloride = 11.8% % Ester = 79% % Decanol = 21%2nd fraction Acid value = 0.15 Saponificaton value = 239 % Chloride = 15% % Ester = 100%Total ester content = 422.2gYield = 90% of theory______________________________________

EXAMPLE 12

TETRADECYL 3-CHLORO PROPIONATE

______________________________________Charge: 100g 3-chloro propionic acid 197g Tetradecyl (myristyl) alcohol 100g Toluene 17.9g water to be removed______________________________________

After refluxing the above material, in a 1 liter flask fitted with a stirrer, thermometer and water trap, for four hours (maximum temp. 148.degree. C.) the required amount of water was removed. The resulting ester solution was neutralized with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, then washed free of alkali with water. Toluene was removed under water jet vacuum to a pot temperature of 125.degree. C. The crude ester was distilled under high vacuum.

______________________________________Fr. No. 1 165-195.degree. C./1 min. 42gFr. No. 2 195.degree. C./1 min. 205g______________________________________ ______________________________________Analyses of Fractions:1st fraction Acid value = 1.2 Saponificaton value = 22.1 % Chloride = 1.4% % Ester = 12% % Alcohol = 88%2nd fraction Acid value = 0.3 Saponificaton value = 162 % Chloride = 10.3 % Ester = 88% % Alcohol = 12%Wt. of ester = 185.4gYield = 89% of theory______________________________________

The material of this invention can be formulated in a variety of manners, e.g. oil in water lotions, or aqueous solutions as a final rinse, as will be readily apparent to the skilled in the art. Typically, the active component is utilized in a concentration of 0.05 wt. % - 5 wt. %; preferably 0.1 - 3 wt. %. Good results have been obtained within these ranges.

The advantages of this invention will be apparent to the skilled in the art. Novel, non-irritating emollients of superior properties are provided from readily available sources.

It will be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific examples which have been offered as particular embodiments, and that modifications can be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims

1. As a novel emollient, hair conditioning, composition of matter a fatty halo alkanoate quaternary of dialkyl amino propyl amides, corresponding to the formula ##STR2## wherein the RCO moiety is selected from the group consisting of gluconic acid, and C.sub.7 -C.sub.21 fatty acids; R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms; x is an integer of from 2 to 3; y is an integer of from 1 to 3; R" is selected from the group consisting of (CH.sub.2).sub.(7-21) and sorbate; and X is halogen.

2. The composition of claim 1 in which R' is CH.sub.3 ; x is 3; y is 1; R" is (CH.sub.2).sub.13 ; and X is Cl.

3. The composition of claim 2 in which the RCO moiety is gluconic acid.

4. The composition of claim 2 in which the RCO moiety is safflower fatty acids.

5. The composition of claim 2 in which the RCO moiety is hydrogenated tallow triglycerides.

6. The composition of claim 2 in which the RCO moiety is mink oil fatty acids.