Patent Grant
10995519
This application claims priority to Australian Provisional Patent Application Number 2017902312, filed 16 Jun. 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to fencing and more specifically to a fence element, referred to herein as a plinth member, for use at the base of a fence. The plinth member has been developed especially, but not exclusively, for metal fencing systems and is herein described in that context. It is to be appreciated, however, that the plinth member may also be used in applications other than metal fencing.
It is often desirable to construct a fence so that it closely follows the contour of the underlying ground. Such an arrangement reduces gaps between the fence and the ground and inhibits noise, vermin, weeds, plants, wind, and the like from passing under the fence.
To close gaps under a fence, it is known to install a plinth at the base of the fence, between the fence posts. Conventionally, plinths are either independently supported in the ground, for example using stakes, or secured to the fence posts. It is also known to partially embed a plinth in the ground. In cases where the ground level on either side of the fence differs, a plinth is sometimes used to retain the soil on the higher side.
Plinths are typically constructed from concrete, stone, or timber. Timber planks have been used extensively to construct plinths as they have sufficient strength to retain soil for small differences in soil height, and they can be relatively easily cut to size on site. However, for longevity, the timber is usually treated with chemicals to make it resistant to decay and damage from termites or other pests, and there is a tendency for these chemicals to leach into the soil. As these chemicals can be highly toxic, the use of timber plinths can lead to unacceptable contamination of the surrounding environment. Also, timber plinths are relatively bulky and heavy, which gives rise to handling and installation difficulties.
A disadvantage of concrete plinths is that they are generally formed from precast concrete elements of a standard size and the process of cutting them to size to meet site requirements is very labour and time intensive. They are also very bulky an heavy, which gives rise to handling and installation difficulties. On the other hand, the process of casting concrete plinths on-site is very labour and time intensive.
A stone plinth can be formed from natural stones or from stone blocks. In either case, handling and installation difficulties arise due to stone being a heavy material. The process of creating a plinth from natural stones is also very laborious and time consuming and, unless the stones are bound together using mortar or the like, there will be gaps in the completed plinth. Creating a plinth from stone blocks is also very labour and time intensive, both in terms of the process of laying the stone and in terms of the inevitable need to cut at least some of the stone blocks to size to meet site requirements.
In addition, some conventional plinths suffer from insufficient strength to resist bowing when there is significant soil height differences on one side of the plinth (as often happens on sloping ground).
In the past, plinths have not been available in a paint finish that is the same as the one used for a pre-coated metal fence itself, thus suffering from poor aesthetics and differential fading over a long period of time. Paint applied to such plinths is typically post applied by brush or spray or powder-coating and is applied to each plinth section in a batch or non-continuing process. Where paint is applied to a plinth it needs to have sufficient thickness to ensure it resists the degradation through moisture penetration and may occur in applications involving contact with the soil.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.
Throughout this specification:
the words “comprise” and “include”, and variations such as “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and “including”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps;
the term “metal sheet” will be understood to mean a sheet substantially of metal, but which may also comprise other materials, such as paint and/or galvanic coatings; and
the term “base thickness” will be understood to mean the thickness of the material excluding any coatings, such as galvanic or paint coatings.
Disclosed herein is a plinth member for installation at the base of a fence to at least partially close a space between the fence and a ground surface underneath the fence, the plinth member being elongate and comprising:
a first major surface and an opposite second major surface;
a major axis and a minor axis extending perpendicular thereto, the major and minor axes defining a notional centre plane of the plinth member;
first and second end margins at respective opposite ends along the major axis;
third and fourth end margins at respective opposite ends along the minor axis, the third and fourth end margins extending between the first and second end margins, and, together with the first and second end margins, defining a substantially rectangular perimeter margin of the plinth member; and
a plurality of substantially parallel stiffening formations that are defined by portions of the plinth member displaced from the notional centre plane, that extend between the first and second end margins, and that are spaced apart between the third and fourth end margins, the stiffening formations being configured such that the plinth member has a greater pressure load bearing capacity when loaded on the first major surface than it has when loaded on the second major surface.
The pressure load bearing capacity of the plinth member when loaded on the first major surface may be at least 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3 or 1.4 or 1.5 times the pressure load bearing capacity of the plinth member when loaded on the second major surface.
At least some, and in some embodiments all, of the stiffening formations may comprise portions of the plinth member that are displaced by greater than 15 mm or by greater than 20 mm or by about 15 mm to 40 mm or by about 20 mm to 25 mm from the notional centre plane. At least some of these displaced portions may be on a first side of the notional centre plane and at least some of these displaced portions may be on an opposite second side of the notional centre plane. The stiffening formations may comprise corrugations or ribs, which may be formed from smoothly curved portions or planar portions, or a combination of both. The corrugations or ribs on the first side of the notional centre plane may have wider peaks or peaks of greater radius than the peaks of the corrugations or ribs on the second side of the notional centre plane. The stiffening formations may comprise alternating ribs and pans. The mass of the portion of the plinth member on the side of the notional centre plane associated with the first major surface may be greater than the mass of the portion of the plinth member on the other side of the notional centre plane. The mass of the portion of the plinth member on the side of the notional centre plane associated with the first major surface multiplied by the distance of the centre of mass of that portion from the notional centre plane may be greater than the mass of the portion of the plinth member on the other side of the notional centre plane multiplied by the distance of the centre of mass of that portion from the notional centre plane.
The ratio of the length of the plinth member between the first and second end margins to the length of the plinth member between the third and fourth margins, following the contour of the first major surface, may be less than 0.8 or less than 0.7 or between 0.5 and 0.8 or approximately 0.65.
The stiffening formations may extend to either, or both, of the first and second end margins or may terminate inboard of the first and second end margins. The stiffening formations may extend substantially parallel to the third and fourth end margins or at an angle to the third and fourth end margins.
The length of the plinth member measured along the major axis may be between 2 m and 3 m, such as approximately 2.7 m. The height of the plinth member measured along the minor axis may be at least 150 mm, such as at least 200 mm, at least 250 mm or at least 300 mm, and may, for example, be less than about 1 m, such as less than 800 mm, less than 700 mm, less than 600 mm, less than 500 mm or less than 400 mm.
The stiffening formations may be formed by deforming material from which the plinth member is made, for example by roll-forming a sheet of the material or by extruding a billet of the material through a die.
The third and fourth end margins may be configured to allow lapping of the third end margin of one plinth member with the fourth end margin of another plinth member to form a plinth assembly. In at least one embodiment, a stiffening formation on the first side of the notional centre plane may be provided in both the third and fourth end margins. In such an embodiment, when two plinth members are lapped, the stiffening formation in the third end margin of one plinth member is lapped over the stiffening formation in the fourth end margin of the other plinth member. In at least another embodiment, a stiffening formation on the second side of the notional centre plane may be provided in both the third and fourth end margins. In such an embodiment, when two plinth members are lapped, the stiffening formation in the third end margin of one plinth member is lapped over the stiffening formation in the fourth end margin of the other plinth member.
The plinth member may be configured to be stackable with the first major surface of one plinth member facing the second major surface of a like plinth member. When stacked, the plinth members are substantially coterminous, at least along their third and fourth end margins.
The first and second major surfaces, including the stiffening formations, may be configured to allow free drainage of water across those surfaces when the plinth member is oriented with the first and second edge margins substantially vertical.
The plinth member may comprise sheet material, such as metal sheet. The sheet material may be pre-coated steel, such as galvanised steel with or without an outer paint layer. The sheet material may have a base thickness of between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 1 mm. For example, the sheet material may have a base thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.
Also disclosed herein is a kit for constructing a fence panel, the kit comprising:
a pair of posts, each of the posts defining a longitudinal axis and comprising a first portion for embedment in ground on which the fence panel is to be constructed and a second portion that is to extend from the ground, the second portion having an upper end distal from the first portion and a lower end proximal to the first portion;
an upper rail for interconnecting the pair of posts at or adjacent the upper ends of their second portions;
a lower rail for interconnecting the pair of posts adjacent the lower ends of their second portions at a location spaced from their first portions;
one or more infill member for installation in a first space bounded by the upper and lower rails and the portion of the posts between the upper and lower rails, wherein the one or more infill member at least partially infills the first space;
one or more plinth member as defined in any one of paragraphs [0011] to [0021] above for installation in a second space defined between the lower rail and a portion of the posts below the lower rail, wherein, with the one or more plinth member installed in the second space:
Also disclosed herein is a fence panel comprising:
a pair of posts comprising a first post and a second post, each of the posts defining a longitudinal axis and comprising a first portion for embedment in ground on which the fence panel is to be constructed and a second portion that is to extend from the ground, the second portion having an upper end distal from the first portion and a lower end proximal to the first portion;
an upper rail interconnecting the pair of posts at or adjacent the upper ends of their second portions;
a lower rail interconnecting the pair of posts adjacent the lower ends of their second portions at a location spaced from their first portions;
one or more infill member installed in a first space bounded by the upper and lower rails and the portion of the posts between the upper and lower rails, wherein the one or more infill member at least partially infills the first space;
one or more plinth member as defined in any one of paragraphs [0011] to [0021] above installed in a second space defined between the lower rail and a portion of the posts below the lower rail, wherein the one or more plinth member extends between the posts, and wherein the stiffening formations of the one or more plinth member extend substantially transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of each post.
Each of the posts may define a corresponding elongate channel. The channel of the first post may face toward the channel of the second post. The first end margin of the or each one or more plinth member may extend into the channel of the first post and the second end margin of the or each one or more plinth member may extend into the channel of the second post. The first and second end margins of the plinth member(s) and the channels of the posts may have a relative configuration that facilitates snug engagement of the first and second end margins of the plinth member(s) in the channels of the posts. The first and second end margins of the plinth member(s) may each be fixedly connected to the respective post, for example by screws, bolts or other mechanical fasteners.
Each of the rails may define a corresponding elongate channel. The channel of the upper rail may face toward the channel of the lower rail. The or each one or more infill member may have a first end that extends into the channel of the lower rail and an opposite second end that extends into the channel of the upper rail. The first and second ends of the infill member(s) may be fixedly connected to the respective rail, for example by screws, bolts or other mechanical fasteners. A third rail may interconnect the posts, the lower rail being located between the upper rail and the third rail. The third rail may define a corresponding elongate channel. The channel of the third rail and the channel of the lower rail may face away from one another and in opposite directions to one another. The third and/or fourth end margins of the plinth member(s) and the channel of the third rail may have a relative configuration that facilitates engagement of the third and/or fourth end margins of the plinth member(s) in the channel of the third rail. Each of the rails may be generally U-shaped in transverse cross section, comprising a web with flanges extending from opposite ends thereof.
The fence panel may comprise a plurality of the plinth members located one above the other. Adjoining plinth members of the plurality of plinth members may be partially overlapped, with the third end margin of one of the adjoining plinth members being lapped over the fourth end margin of the other the other to define a plinth assembly.
In embodiments comprising a single plinth member, the portion of the posts below the lower rail may have a length that is greater than a height of the plinth member measured along the minor axis of the plinth member. In embodiments comprising an assembly of lapped plinth members, the portion of the posts below the rail may have a length that is greater than a height of the plinth assembly measured along the minor axis of the plinth members. As such, in either case, when the plinth member or plinth assembly is installed with its upper end adjacent the lower rail, the first portion of the posts extends beyond the lower end of the plinth member or plinth assembly.
The infill member(s) may, for example, comprise: a planar, rigid sheet; a profiled, rigid sheet, such as may be formed by roll-forming or extrusion; a rigid mesh, such as a mesh of expanded metal or a woven or welded wire mesh; a plurality of spaced apart pickets; or any other barrier for inhibiting the passage of people or animals between the posts.
Also disclosed herein is a method of using a fence panel as defined in any one of paragraphs [0023] to [0028] above to retain ground on one side of the fence panel that is higher than ground on the other side of the fence panel, the method comprising:
embedding the first portion of each of the posts in the ground;
installing the or each one or more plinth members in the second space such that the first major surface of the or each plinth member faces toward the ground to be retained.
Embodiments of the principles disclosed herein will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Referring to the drawings, and initially to
Plinth member 22 will now be described in more detail with reference to
The configuration of the plinth member 22, and especially of the stiffening formations 24, is such that the pressure load bearing capacity P1 of the plinth member 22 when loaded on the first major surface 22a is at least 1.1 times the pressure load bearing capacity P2 of the plinth member when loaded on the second major surface 22b. In other embodiments, P1 is up to around 1.5 times P2.
As best seen in
It will be appreciated that in plinth member 22, the mass M1 of the portion of the plinth member on the first side of plane P is greater than the mass M2 of the portion of the plinth member on the second side of plane P. Moreover, M1 multiplied by the distance of the centre of mass of M1 from plane P is greater than M2 multiplied by the distance of the centre of mass of M2 from plane P. As such, capacity of the plinth member 22 to bear load on the first side of plane P (i.e., on the first major surface 22a) is greater than its capacity to bear load on the second side of plane P (i.e., on the first major surface 22b).
In the illustrated embodiment, stiffening formations 24 extend from both sides of plane P. In other embodiments, stiffening formations 24 (and the displaced portions of the plinth member 22 that define them) may extend from only one side of plane P and may, for example, comprise alternating ribs and pans.
In the illustrated embodiment, the stiffening formations 24 extend between the first and second end margins 22c, 22d along the full length of the plinth member 22. In other embodiments, the only part way along the plinth member 22 and may, for example, terminate inboard of the first and second end margins 22c, 22d. In the illustrated embodiment, the stiffening formations 24 extend substantially parallel to the third and fourth end margins 22e, 22f, but, in other embodiments, may extend at an angle to the third and fourth end margins.
In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the plinth member 22 measured between the first end margin 22c and the second end margin 22d is approximately 2.7 m, which is a common fence panel width. However, the plinth member 22 may be longer or shorter, as required, for fence panels of longer or shorter width. In the illustrated embodiment, the height of the plinth member 22 measured between the third end margin 22e and the fourth end margin 22f is approximately 325 mm. However, in other embodiments, the plinth member 22 may be of greater or lesser height.
As best seen in
The plinth member 22 is configured to be stackable with the first major surface 22a of one plinth member 22 facing the second major surface 22b of a like plinth member 22. When stacked, the plinth members 22 are substantially coterminous, along their third and fourth end margins 22e, 22f, and, if they are of the same length, also along their first and second end margins 22c, 22d.
The stiffening formations 24 are configured to allow free drainage of water across the first and second major surfaces 22a, 22b when the plinth member 22 is oriented with the first and second edge margins 22c, 22d oriented substantially vertically.
In the illustrated embodiments, plinth member 22 is roll formed from pre-coated steel, such as galvanised steel with or without an outer paint layer(s). The galvanised steel sheet from which the plinth member 22 is roll formed has a base metal thickness of 0.8 mm. In other embodiments, the plinth member 22 may be formed from a material having a different base thickness and/or from another material, such as a different metal and/or may have its profile imparted using a method other than roll forming, such as by extrusion of a billet of material through a die.
Having described the plinth member 22 in some detail, other particulars of the fence panel 10 will now be more fully described.
As best seen in
In fence panel 10 of
In embodiments where the fence panel 10 comprises a single plinth member 22 in space S2, the portion of the posts 12, 14 below the lower rail 18 has a length that is greater than a height of the plinth member 22 measured along the minor axis Y of the plinth member. In embodiments where the fence panel 10 comprises an assembly 220 of lapped plinth members 22 in space S2, the portion of the posts 12, 14 below rail 18 has a length that is greater than a height of the plinth assembly 220 measured along the minor axis Y of the plinth members 22. As such, in either case, when the plinth member 22 or plinth assembly 220 is installed with its upper end adjacent the lower rail 18, the first portion 12a, 14a of the posts extends beyond the lower end of the plinth member or plinth assembly.
In the fence panel 10 shown in
As discussed above, a fence panel 10 comprising plinth member(s) 22 can be used to retain ground in circumstances where the ground on one side of the fence panel 10 is higher than the ground on the other side. When used for this purpose, the first portion 14a of each of the posts 14 is embedded in the ground to a sufficient depth below the ground level on the lower side of the fence panel 10, and a plinth member 22 or plinth assembly 220 is installed in the second space S2 such that the first major surface 22a of the plinth member(s) 22 faces toward the ground to be retained.
An alternative embodiment of a plinth member 22′ is shown in
It will be appreciated that configuring the plinth member 22, 22′ to have a higher pressure load capacity on one side of its nominal centre plane P than on the other side facilitates the plinth member 22, 22′ being suitable for retaining ground by orienting the higher pressure load capacity side toward the retained ground without overdesigning the side of the plinth member that is not required to retain ground. As such, the plinth member requires less sheet steel for its manufacture than would be the case if the plinth member 22, 22′ was designed to be strong enough to retain ground but had an equal load bearing capacity on both sides (as the non-ground retaining side of the plinth member 22, 22′ would be overdesigned in terms of its pressure load bearing capacity). For example, in the embodiment shown in
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017902312 | Jun 2017 | AU | national |
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| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2 327 098 | Jan 1999 | GB |
| WO 2005049943 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| http://www.gram.com/au/spf-steel-privacy-fencing/steelplinth-retainingwalls/Gramline Steel Plinth retaining walls (published Jan. 25, 2016, as per Wayback Machine: https://web.archive.org/web/20160125020221/http:/www.gram.com.au:80/spf-steel-privacy-fencing/steelplinth-retaining-walls/). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190010726 A1 | Jan 2019 | US |
