Patent Application
20230294372
The present invention relates to a fibre application head for the production of composite material parts, more particularly a fibre application head with a retractable flap, as well as to a method for manufacturing a composite material part by means of such an application head.
Fibre application machines are known for the application by contact on a lay-up tool of one or more continuous flat fibres, of the ribbon type, dry or impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, in particular carbon fibres, consisting of a multitude of carbon threads or filaments. After application of several superimposed layers of fibres, the resulting part is subjected to a curing operation, called polymerization, in the case of thermosetting resins, and called consolidation in the case of thermoplastic resins.
These fibre application machines, also called fibre placement machines, typically comprise an application head, a displacement system able to displace the application head, and storage means for storing the fibres. The fibre storage means can be mounted on the head, or can be located remotely from the head. The head typically comprises a compaction system comprising at least one compaction roller for applying one or more fibres to an application surface of a lay-up tool, guiding means for guiding the fibre or fibres in the form of a band towards said compaction roller, and for each fibre, cutting means for cutting a fibre, rerouting means for rerouting the fibre to the compaction roller after a cut made by the cutting means, and clamping means for clamping the fibre just cut. The compaction system further comprises at least one compaction cylinder for applying the fibres with a compaction force.
In order to ensure a good guiding of the fibre(s) exiting from the guiding means to the compaction roller, especially after a fibre cutting operation and/or an operation of rerouting of said fibre, it has been proposed in the patent document WO2013/030467 a head equipped with a comb comprising a plurality of flexible tabs or slats able to come against said fibre(s) exiting from the guiding means to bring said fibre(s) in abutment against the compaction roller. In the case of a band made up of several fibres, such a flexible tab ensures that the fibres are well maintained in relation to one another, substantially edge to edge, and avoids lateral deviation of the fibres, particularly during curved trajectories of the head on the mould.
It has also been proposed in the patent document FR2949378 a head for lay-up of a fibre or band equipped with a retractable comb or flap with flexible slats that can be moved between an active position in which the said flap is able to come by its distal portion against the band exiting from the guiding means in order to put the band in abutment against the compaction roller, and a retracted position in which the said flap is at spaced apart from the compaction roller. The displacement of the flap between its two positions is achieved by a rotational movement, the clearance angle defined between the application surface and the flap being larger in the active position than in the retracted position.
Similarly, US2008/0302483 describes a fibre application head for the application of a band of multiple fibres, with a retractable finger or flap provided for each fibre, each finger also being movable by a rotational motion between an active position and a retracted position in which the finger is closer to the lay-up surface.
Moreover, depending on the type of fibres deposited, especially in the case of dry fibres provided with a thermoplastic binder or fibres pre-impregnated with a thermoplastic resin, it is necessary to equip the head with a heating system able to emit thermal radiation towards the nip zone between the compaction roller and the application surface. To ensure a good bond between the fibre and the substrate, the heating system should preferably heat each fibre before it is compacted by the latter, as well as the application surface and/or one or more previously applied fibres. The flaps fitted to the heads for guiding the fibre(s) closer to the roller do not allow for optimal heating of the fibres prior to their compaction by the roller.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fibre application head that both guides the fibres well on the roller while ensuring efficient heating for fibre lay-up.
To this end, the present invention has for object a fibre application head for the production of composite material parts comprising a compaction system comprising at least one compaction roller for the application of at least one fibre on the application surface of a mould, guiding means for guiding at least one fibre towards said compaction roller and a retractable flap displaceable by actuation means between an active position in which said retractable flap is able to come by its distal end against the fibre exiting from the guiding means in order to bring said fibre in abutment against the compaction roller, and a retracted position in which said retractable flap is spaced apart from the compaction roller, characterized in that it comprises a heating system able to emit thermal radiation towards the nip zone between the compaction roller and the application surface, in order to heat the fibre exiting from the guiding means before it is compacted by the roller, as well as the application surface and/or one or more previously applied fibres, said retractable flap being displaceable by actuation means between its active position and its retracted position so that the compaction roller is subjected to the radiation of the heating system over a greater surface area in the retracted position than in the active position of the retractable flap.
According to the invention, the flap in its retracted position allows the radiation of the heating system to be transmitted to a greater extent than in its active position. The cylindrical surface of the roller is exposed to the radiation emitted by the heating system over an angle that is greater when the flap is in its retracted position than when the flap is in its active position. Thus, the fibre exiting from the guiding means is exposed to the radiation of the heating system before being compacted by the compaction roller over a fibre length that is greater when the flap is in the retracted position than when the flap is in the active position. Advantageously, the flap is displaced into its active position to guide the fibre as close as possible to the roller during the fibre rerouting and/or during a fibre cutting operation. The flap according to the invention can thus be used in its active position for better guidance of the fibre towards the roller when the guidance of the fibre is most critical, for example at the beginning or end of a fibre lay-up, or during trajectories with a significant curvature. During lay-up, when the fibre is compacted by the roller, the fibre guidance is less critical, and the flap in retracted position allows an efficient heating of the fibre exiting from the guiding means and thus allows to obtain a good bonding of the fibres, in particular at high lay-up speeds.
According to an embodiment, the retractable flap is displaceable by a translational movement between its active position and its retracted position, said actuation means preferably comprising at least one cylinder, said flap being, for example, connected by its proximal part to the end of the cylinder rod.
According to one embodiment, the retractable flap in its active position is elastically in abutment by its distal end against the compaction roller, with or without a fibre interposed between the roller and the distal end.
According to one embodiment, the head is provided for application by contact onto a tooling of a single flat fibre, for example in the form of a wide ribbon, for example more than two inches wide. In this case, the head comprises guiding means able to guide a single flat fibre towards the roller, and one or more retractable flaps associated with the compaction roller, for example a single retractable flap displaced between its two positions by one or two cylinders.
According to another embodiment, the head is a so-called fibre placement head for application by contact onto a tooling of a plurality of continuous flat fibres, in the form of a band, each fibre having, for example, a width of ⅛, ¼, ½, 1, 1.5 or 2 inches. In this case, said guiding means are able to guide a plurality of fibres onto a compaction roller in the form of a band, preferably in which the fibres are arranged substantially edge to edge. The head then comprises one or more retractable flaps associated with the compaction roller, for example a single retractable flap for all the fibres, the flap being displaced between its two positions by one or two cylinders. The said head advantageously comprises cutting means for cutting, preferably individually, each fibre upstream of the roller in relation to the travel direction of the fibres, and rerouting means, arranged upstream of the cutting means, for rerouting each fibre that has just been cut in order to be able to stop and resume the application of a fibre at any time, as well as to choose the width of the band. Advantageously, the head also comprises clamping means, arranged upstream of the cutting means, able to clamp, preferably individually, each fibre just cut.
According to an embodiment, for the production of composite material parts by application of continuous fibres, preferably arranged edge to edge in the form of a band, the said head is able to apply several fibres by means of a compaction system comprising several compaction rollers and compaction cylinders,
According to an embodiment, the head comprises one compaction roller per functional module.
According to an embodiment, the compaction rollers are arranged in a single row, side by side without any contact between them, the rotation axis of the compaction rollers being arranged according to a same compaction plane, parallel to the compaction direction.
According to one embodiment, each first functional module comprises guiding means able to guide a first fibre towards the compaction roller along a first guiding plane forming a first non-zero angle with the compaction plane of the rotation axis of the compaction rollers, each second functional module comprises guiding means able to guide a second fibre towards the compaction roller along a second guiding plane forming a second non-zero angle with the compaction plane, the said second angle being greater than the first angle, the said guiding planes being arranged on the same side of the compaction plane, upstream of the said compaction plane with respect to the advance direction of the head.
According to an embodiment, the head comprises a retractable flap associated with each first functional module. According to another embodiment, the head comprises a retractable flap associated with each functional module.
According to an embodiment, each heating system comprises a laser type heating system, or a flash lamp type heating system.
To ensure substantially uniform compaction across the width of the band, each compaction roller is advantageously able to conform to the application surface, in particular to convex and/or concave application surfaces. According to an embodiment, the head comprises one or more flexible rollers, each made of a flexible, elastically deformable material, for example an elastomeric material, so as to be able to deform by conforming to the profile of said surfaces. According to another embodiment, each roller is a segmented rigid roller, for example metallic, comprising a plurality of independent roller segments mounted side by side on a same axial rod, each segment being displaceable on said axial rod, perpendicularly thereto, in an independent manner, and being elastically biased against the application surface by elastic means, such as expandable pocket systems.
The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composite material part comprising the application of continuous fibres onto an application surface, characterized in that the application of fibres is carried out by means of a fibre application head as described above, by relative displacement of the application head with respect to the lay-up surface according to deposition trajectories, the retractable flap associated with a fibre being moved into the active position at least during a fibre rerouting operation and/or fibre cutting operation, preferably at least during a fibre rerouting operation, and returned to the retracted position when the end of the rerouted fibre is no longer compacted by the compaction roller, so as to obtain heating of the said fibre before it is compacted by the compaction roller over a greater fibre length.
The flap can also be displaced from time to time in active position on trajectory sections having a significant curvature to avoid a lateral displacement of fibres which could lead to overlapping or gaps between two adjacent fibres and thus avoid an alteration of the mechanical properties of the final part.
The invention will be better understood, and other purposes, details, features and advantages will become clearer in the course of the following detailed explanatory description of a presently preferred particular embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
The head carries a plurality of functional modules 2a, 2b arranged side by side. Each functional module is associated with a fibre cassette 91a, 91b and comprises cutting means, rerouting means, clamping means and a compaction roller 3.
The head comprises two types of functional module, first functional modules 2a, also called downstream functional modules, associated with downstream fibre cassettes 91a, arranged downstream of the functional modules with respect to the advance direction D of the head during lay-up, and second functional modules 2b, also called upstream functional modules, associated with upstream fibre cassettes 91b, arranged upstream of the functional modules with respect to the advance direction D. The functional modules are arranged in a row, the row comprising alternating downstream functional modules 2a and upstream functional modules 2b.
The functional modules are mounted on the frame by means of support elements 11, each support element carrying a downstream functional module 2a and an upstream functional module 2b. Each functional module is mounted independently on the support element, mobile in translation in a compaction direction T2, which is parallel to the assembly axis A, and is connected at the top to the end of the rod of a compaction cylinder 12, said cylinder being connected by its body to the support element.
The compaction roller 3 is mounted between two flanges of the functional module, mobile in rotation around a rotation axis B, which is perpendicular to the direction T2. During the translational displacement of a functional module in the direction T2, the rotation axis B of its compaction roller moves in a plane C, called the compaction plane, which is parallel to the direction T2. The support elements are mounted on the frame in such a way that the rotation axis of the rollers are all arranged substantially in the same plane C.
Each downstream functional module comprises means for guiding a fibre allowing to guide the fibre entering the module towards the compaction roller along a plane P1, said plane forming an angle α1 with the plane C. Each upstream functional module comprises means for guiding a fibre allowing to guide the fibre entering the module towards the compaction roller along to a plane P2, the planes P1 and P2 being arranged on the same side of the plane C, said plane P2 forming an angle α2 with the plane C which is greater than the angle α1. The planes P1 and P2 are arranged upstream of the plane C with respect to the advance direction of the head during lay-up, the plane P2 being arranged upstream of the plane P1.
Each functional module comprises cutting means for cutting the fibre, rerouting means for rerouting the fibre to the compaction roller after a cutting operation, and clamping means for clamping the fibre just cut, such means being known per se. As an example, the downstream functional module comprises cutting means and clamping means, as described in patent document EP2134532, WO2017/072421 or FR17/01245 and FR17/01247.
The guiding means allow to guide the fibre 9 between the clamping means, the rerouting means and the cutting means, and towards the compaction roller. To guide the fibre from the clamping means to the cutting means, the guiding means comprise a first guiding system (not shown) comprising for example a channel, formed at the assembly interface of two plates. In order to guide the fibre between the cutting means and the roller, the guiding means comprise for example, as illustrated in
The compaction rollers are all identical and are preferably able to conform to the application surface, especially to convex and/or concave application surfaces. Each compaction roller is preferably a compaction roller made of a flexible material, which is elastically deformable, such as an elastomer. The roller comprises a cylinder made of flexible material, which is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner on a rigid axle, for example metallic, by means of which the roller is mounted in a rotationally free manner between two flanges.
Each compaction cylinder 12 is able to displace its associated functional module between an extreme high position and an extreme low position. For the lay-up of a fibre with a functional module, the module is elastically urged towards its extreme low position by its compaction cylinder. The head is brought into contact with the lay-up surface, the roller in contact with the lay-up surface. The compaction force for the lay-up can be regulated by adjusting the air supply pressure in the upper chamber of the cylinder. During lay-up, the functional module can move between its extreme low position and its extreme high position to conform to the lay-up surface. When the module is not being used to lay-up a fibre, the module is held in the extreme high position by supplying compressed air to the lower chamber. For the sake of simplicity, the compaction roller is illustrated with a cylindrical shape in
The head comprises a heating system 5, associated with each functional module, whose radiation 51 is directed obliquely towards the nip zone or contact zone between the compaction roller and the application surface, to heat the fibre to be laid up, prior to its compaction by the latter, as well as the application surface and/or one or more previously applied fibres to heat the application surface upstream of the roller. In the present embodiment, each module carries a heating system 5, upstream of the roller with respect to the advance direction of the head. Each heating system comprises, for example, a flash lamp, as described in patent document WO2014/029969 or WO2017/134453, comprising an optic formed by a quartz 52 to guide the radiation. The lamp is mounted so that the main radiation from the lamp is directed towards the nip zone between the roller and the application surface.
According to the invention, the downstream functional modules are each equipped with a retractable flap 6 that is able to be displaced by an actuation system 7 between two positions. With reference to
The flap 6 comprises a flat proximal part 61 extended by a flat distal part 62 inclined towards the roller, forming for example an angle of 10 to 35° with respect to the proximal part, this distal part ending in a curved distal end 63 by which the flap is able to come into contact, flat, against the roller.
The cylinder 71 is able to be controlled to displace the flap in translation between a retracted position and an active position. The cylinder is, for example, a single-acting pneumatic cylinder, which is supplied with compressed air to displace the flap to the active position, a spring (not shown) ensuring the return to the retracted position.
In its retracted position, the flap is spaced apart from the compaction roller, its distal end 63 is set back or at the level of the distal end 44 of the second guiding system, against the outer surface of the outer plate, as shown in
In the active position, the surface area of the roller receiving the radiation is reduced, this one extending from the distal end of the flap to the nip zone. This surface area of the roller corresponds to the angle 132 in
Advantageously, the flap is brought into an active position during the fibre rerouting, to press the fibre against the roller. The downstream functional modules have a guiding plane P1 with a small angle α1, and as a result, are more sensitive to fibre rerouting issues. In the absence of flap, the fibre exiting the guiding system tends to follow the guiding plane P1 and to hit the lay-up surface before passing under the roller. According to an embodiment, only the downstream modules are each equipped with a retractable flap. During their re-routing, the flap allows the fibre to be oriented against the roller towards the nip zone, so that the end of the fibre is nipped and compacted by the roller. As soon as the end of the fibre is no longer compacted by the compaction roller, the flap can be returned to its retracted position, so that the fibre exiting the guiding system is more heated by the radiation, and thus the lay-up can be performed at high speeds. The cylinder 71 can be controlled by its own pneumatic valve system. For the sake of space, the cylinder may be controlled by the same valve system used for the fibre re-routing means.
When a fibre is cut by the cutting means of the functional module, the end of the cut fibre exiting the guiding system may tend to come against the heating system, in particular the waveguide formed by the quartz 52, especially in the case of fibres having a certain rigidity, which may lead to a clogging of the quartz and thus a deterioration of the heating quality. Advantageously, the flap is brought to the active position when a fibre is cut, so that the end of the fibre is pressed by the flap against the roller.
According to an embodiment, the downstream and upstream modules are each equipped with a retractable flap as described above.
According to other embodiments, the aforementioned flash lamp heating system is replaced with a laser type heating system.
The fibres are preferably flat continuous fibres, such as tows, pre-impregnated with a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, or dry fibres provided with a binder. The binder is in the form of powder and/or one or more veils, preferably of the thermoplastic type.
The head can be adapted for lay-up of fibres of various widths, but is particularly advantageous for lay-up of fibres of at least one-half inch wide, for example one inch, one and one-half inches, or two inches. For widths up to one-half inch, the fibres can be wound into helical winding spools. For widths greater than one-half inch, the fibre is wound into a spool or cassette without traverse winding.
According to another embodiment, the retractable flap according to the invention is mounted on a head comprising a single compaction roller and equipped with a guiding system for guiding a plurality of fibres towards the roller in the form of a band of fibres in which the fibres are arranged edge to edge. In this case, the head comprises a flap advantageously having a plurality of flexible tabs, as described in the aforementioned patent WO2013/030467, each tab being able to press on the face of a fibre opposite the roller in order to press said fibre against the roller.
Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is clear that it is by no means limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1914574 | Dec 2019 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2020/000275 | 12/15/2020 | WO |
