Patent Application
20190233979
The present disclosure relates to a carbon fiber pre-oxidization technology, in particular to fiber pre-oxidization device of helping to enhance the performance of the carbon fiber.
The carbon fiber is a new carbon material with 90% carbon concentration, in which the organic fiber is performed with sequential thermal processes to transform to such carbon fiber. The carbon fiber has advantages of the high specific strength, the high specific modulus, the high conductivity and the thermal conductivity, the low thermal expansion coefficient, the low density, the high temperature resistance, the fatigue resistance, the creep resistance and the self-lubrication, and is an ideal function and structure material being widely used in the aerospace, civil aviation and transportation and other fields, thus having wide application prospects.
The carbon fiber preparing process using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the raw silk comprises polymerization, spinning, pre-oxidization and carbonization processes, wherein the pre-oxidization process is the key structure transformation stage of in the carbon fiber preparing process, and is the most time consuming stage in the thermal processing processes, which has the objective of transforming the linear macromolecular chains of polyacrylonitrile to the oxidation fiber with the thermal resistance structure, such that the oxidation fiber in the next carbonization will not burned and melted, and can maintain the fiber shape.
The structure transformation of the raw silk in the pre-oxidization process mainly determines the structure and the performance of the carbon fiber. During the industrial production, the pre-oxidization process with gradient temperature increasing manner is mostly used, and the proper gradient temperature range in the process is required. If the initial temperature is too low, it will not contribute to the pre-oxidization process, and the consuming time will be increased to cause the large cost. By contrast, if the initial temperature is too high, the heat emission of the severe reaction will make the macromolecular chains of polyacrylonitrile be melted, wherein the macromolecular chains of polyacrylonitrile have no thermal resistance. In addition, if the termination temperature is too high, the concentrated heat emission destroys the structure of the pre-oxidization silk, and makes the pre-oxidization silk over oxidized, and thus it is hard to prepare the carbon fiber with high strength. However, if the termination temperature is too low, the raw silk is not pre-oxidized sufficiently.
Moreover, when the pre-oxidization process is performed by heating, accompanying with the progressing of the pre-oxidization, since the heat is transmitted from the outer layer of the raw silk to the inner layer of the raw silk, the outer layer of the raw silk is firstly formed with an oxidization layer (i.e. the shell portion) having compact trapezoidal structure, and this prevents the oxygen from diffusing to the core portion of the raw silk. As such, as shown in
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a fiber pre-oxidization device which has the main objectives of shortening the oxidization time of the oxidation fiber, efficiently eliminating the shell-core structure of the oxidation fiber, and even making the oxidation fiber have no obvious shell-core structure.
A fiber pre-oxidization device of the present disclosure is used to pre-oxidize a fiber yarn bunch to form an oxidation fiber yarn bunch. The fiber yarn bunch is formed by merely one fiber, or alternatively, the fiber yarn bunch is formed by binding a plurality of fibers. The oxidation fiber yarn bunch is formed by merely one oxidation fiber, or alternatively, the oxidation fiber yarn bunch is formed by binding a plurality of oxidation fibers. The fiber pre-oxidization device basically comprises a transmitting unit and a microwave processing unit. The transmitting unit is installed with a feeding unit, an oven body and a winder unit, wherein the feeding unit is used to provides the fiber yarn bunch, the oven body is used to pre-oxidize the fiber yarn bunch which passes the oven body to form the oxidation fiber yarn bunch, and the winder unit is used to drag the fiber yarn bunch for continuous transmission and to receive the oxidation fiber yarn bunch. The microwave processing unit is disposed at the oven body and used to generate a microwave in interior of the of the oven body.
According to the above structure features, the microwave processing unit is further installed with a magnetron at the oven body for generating the microwave.
According to the above structure features, the microwave processing unit is further installed with a gas supplying unit for injecting gas with oxygen into the oven body.
According to the above structure features, the oven body further comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the gas supplying unit is connected to the gas inlet.
According to the above structure features, the oven body comprises a thermos unit.
According to the above structure features, two thermos units are respectively disposed at top and bottom sides of the interior of the oven body in respective to a transmission path of the fiber yarn bunch.
According to the above structure features, a thermos unit is disposed in the interior of the oven body for covering a transmission path of the fiber yarn bunch.
According to the above structure features, the winder unit, the magnetron and the gas supplying unit are electrically connected to a control unit.
According to the above structure features, microwave processing unit is installed with a plurality of magnetrons at the oven body for generating the microwave.
According to the above structure features, the magnetrons are disposed at single one side of the oven body.
According to the above structure features, the magnetrons are disposed at top and bottom sides of the oven body, and the magnetrons disposed on top and bottom sides of the oven body are arranged corresponding to each other
According to the above structure features, the magnetrons are disposed at top and bottom sides of the oven body, and the magnetrons disposed on top and bottom sides of the oven body are arranged in an offset manner
According to the above structure features, the magnetrons are disposed at top, bottom, left and right sides of the oven body.
According to the above structure features, the fiber yarn bunch is one of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, a pitch fiber and other one organic fiber.
The fiber pre-oxidization device disclosed by the present disclosure mainly uses the microwave processing unit to focus the microwave to apply the ultra-fast pre-oxidization process on the fiber yarn bunch, so as to process the fiber yarn bunch to form the oxidation fiber. Thus, not only the oxidization time of the oxidation fiber is reduced, but also the oxidation layer in the oxidation fiber occupies more than 50% of the cross section area of the oxidation fiber to efficiently reduce shell-core structure of the oxidation fiber. When the oxidation layer in the oxidation fiber occupies more than 80% of the cross section area of the oxidation fiber, the oxidation fiber even has no obvious shell-core structure. Accordingly, relatively positive and reliable means for increasing the performance of carbon fiber are provided.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure mainly provides fiber pre-oxidization device which can shorten the oxidization time of the oxidation fiber, efficiently eliminate the shell-core structure of the oxidation fiber, and even make the oxidation fiber have no obvious shell-core structure. Please refer to
The transmitting unit 30 is installed with a feeding unit 31, an oven body 33, a winder unit 32, a gas inlet 331 and a gas outlet 332. The feeding unit 31 is used to provide the fiber yarn bunch 20. The oven body 33 is used to pre-oxidize the fiber yarn bunch 20 which passes the oven body 33 to form the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A. The winder unit 32 is used to drag the fiber yarn bunch 20 for continuous transmission and to receive the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A. The gas inlet 331 is disposed at a front end of the oven body 33, and the gas outlet 332 is disposed at a back end of the oven body 33.
The microwave processing unit 40 is installed with a magnetron 41 and a gas supplying unit 42, wherein the magnetron 41 is disposed at the oven body 33 for generating a microwave, and the gas supplying unit 42 is used to inject gas with oxygen into the oven body 33. The gas supplying unit 42 is connected to the gas inlet 331 of the oven body 33, the gas with oxygen is injected into the oven body 33 via the gas inlet 331, and the gas outlet 332 of the oven body 33 is used to exhaust the gas.
The winder unit 32, the magnetron 41 and the gas supplying unit 42 are electrically connected to a control unit 50. Operations of the winder unit 32, the magnetron 41 and the gas supplying unit 42 are controlled by the control unit 50, and the spinning speed of the winder unit 32, the power of the magnetron 41 and flux of the gas supplying unit 42 are determined according to the property of the processed fiber yarn bunch 20 or the product specification.
Preferably, the microwave processing unit 40 is installed with the magnetrons 41 at the oven body 33, wherein the magnetrons 41 are disposed at top and bottom sides of the oven body 33, and the magnetrons 41 disposed on the top and bottom sides of the oven body 33 are arranged corresponding to each other or in an offset manner, or alternatively, the magnetrons 41 disposed at single one side (top or bottom side) of the oven body 33. As shown in
The transmitting unit 30 of the present disclosure can be further installed with a thermos unit 34 in the interior of the oven body 33, and as shown in
When the transmitting unit 30 of the present disclosure is implemented, as shown in
When the microwave processing unit 40 of the present disclosure is implemented, as shown in
When the fiber pre-oxidization device is used, the fiber pre-oxidization device can execute an oxidation fiber manufacturing method to efficiently shorten the oxidization time of the oxidation fiber, efficiently to eliminate the shell-core structure of the oxidation fiber, and even to make the oxidation fiber has no obvious shell-core structure. The oxidation fiber manufacturing method can be referred in
Step a: providing the transmitting unit 30 and the microwave processing unit 40.
Step b: providing the fiber yarn bunch 20, disposing the fiber yarn bunch 20 on the transmitting unit 30, and making the transmitting unit 30 drive the fiber yarn bunch 20 to pass the microwave processing unit 40. For example, the winded fiber yarn bunch 20 can be disposed at the transmitting unit 30, so as to be continuously driven by the transmitting unit 30 to pass the operation region of the microwave processing unit 40. In the embodiment, the winded fiber yarn bunch 20 is disposed at the feeding unit 31, and the tail end of the fiber yarn bunch 20 is guided to pass the oven body 33 and then fixed on the winder unit 32, wherein the fiber yarn bunch 20 can be is one of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, a pitch fiber and other one organic fiber.
Step c: activating the microwave processing unit 40, and using the microwave processing unit 40 to generate a microwaving condition. The microwaving condition comprises: a microwave frequency being 300 MHz through 300,000 MHz; a microwave power being 1 kW/m2 through 1000 kW/m2; an operation temperature being 100° C. through 600° C.; and gas atmosphere being at least one of oxygen, air and ozone. The gas atmosphere is the above gas with oxygen. In the embodiment, the gas supplying unit 42 is used to inject the gas with oxygen into the interior of the oven body 33.
Step d: activating the transmitting unit 30, using the transmitting unit 30 to drive the fiber yarn bunch 20 to be exposed in the microwaving condition for a processing time, so as to transform the fiber yarn bunch 20 to the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A. For example, the fiber yarn bunch 20 is driven by the transmitting unit 30 to pass the operation region of the microwave processing unit 40 at the speed which the microwave focusing process is continuously applied for 1 minute through 40 minutes, and that is the processing time is 1 minute through 40 minutes. In the embodiment, the fiber yarn bunch 20 is driven by the transmitting unit 30 to pass the oven body 33 to form the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A at the speed which the microwave focusing process is continuously applied for 1 minute through 40 minutes. In addition, the fiber yarn bunch 20 in the oven body 33 is winded and repeated to pass the oven body 33 to the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A at the speed which the microwave focusing process is continuously applied for 1 minute through 40 minutes. For example, the fiber yarn bunch 20 at the front end of the oven body 33 enters the interior of the oven body 33, and then is transmitted to the back end of the oven body 33. Next, the fiber yarn bunch 20 is transmitted from the back end of the oven body 33 to the front end of the oven body 33, and then is transmitted from the front end of the oven body 33 to the back end of the oven body 33 again. The manner is used to repeat and wind the fiber yarn bunch 20 until the requirements is satisfied, and then the fiber yarn bunch 20 is sent out from the back end of the oven body 33 to form the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A. The above used repeating and winding manner can sufficiently reduce the required length of the oven body 33.
Accordingly, under the operation of the transmitting unit 30, the fiber yarn bunch 20 is driven to pass the operation region of the microwave processing unit 40 at the predetermined speed. During the progress which the fiber yarn bunch 20 passes the operation region of the microwave processing unit 40, the microwave focusing process is continuously used to apply the ultra-fast pre-oxidization process on the fiber yarn bunch 20, so as to process the fiber yarn bunch 20 to form the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A. The fiber yarn bunch 20 is formed by merely one fiber, or alternatively, the fiber yarn bunch 20 is formed by binding a plurality of fibers. The oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A is formed by merely one oxidation fiber, or alternatively, the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A is formed by binding a plurality of oxidation fibers. The fiber pre-oxidization device of the present disclosure can be used to pre-oxidize the fiber o the fiber yarn bunch 20 to form the oxidation fiber 21.
Referring to
Referring to
Refer to Table 1 and Table 2 simultaneously. Table 1 is a comparison table showing the measured tensile strengths of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches formed by the next carbonization, wherein two sets of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches are respectively processed by the conventional electro thermal tube heating process and the microwaving process of the oxidation fiber manufacturing method associated with fiber pre-oxidization device of the present disclosure. Table 2 is a comparison table showing the measured tensile moduli of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches formed by the next carbonization, wherein two sets of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches are respectively processed by the conventional electro thermal tube heating process and the microwaving process of the oxidation fiber manufacturing method associated with fiber pre-oxidization device of the present disclosure. Regarding the conventional electro thermal tube heating process, the processing condition is the oven body temperature of 270° C. and the processing time of 40 minutes, and the obtained results of the physical properties are called “comparative example 1”. Regarding the microwaving process of the present disclosure, the processing condition is the oven body temperature of 220° C., the microwave frequency of 2450 MHz, the microwave power of 24 kW/m2 and the processing time of 10 minutes, and the obtained results of the physical properties are called “embodiment 1”. In both of the comparative example 1 and the embodiment 1, the fiber yarn bunches 20 are made of polyacrylonitrile.
In Table 1, the embodiment 1 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.3 times of that in the comparative example 1 (i.e. 3675 divides 2824), and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 30%. The microwaving process can oxidize polyacrylonitrile more complete, and the tensile strength of the oxidation fiber yarn bunch associated with the microwaving process is slightly less than that of the oxidation fiber yarn bunch associated with the conventional electro thermal tube heating process, which is another one evidence that the microwaving process of the present disclosure can further increase the oxidization degree of the fiber yarn bunch.
In Table 2, the embodiment 1 shows the tensile modulus of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.17 times of that in the comparative example 1 (i.e. 227.1 divides 194.4), and that is the tensile modulus has the improvement of 17%.
Accordingly, compared with the oxidation fiber yarn bunches respectively generated by the fiber yarn bunches on which the conventional heating process and the microwaving process of the present disclosure are performed, the microwaving process of the present disclosure can reduce the required time of the conventional heating process from 40 minutes to 10 minutes, thus the process efficiency is increased with three times, and the process time is reduced. Compared to the conventional heating process, the present disclosure can enhance the 30% tensile strength and the 17% tensile modulus of carbon fiber yarn bunch. Compared to the conventional heating process, the present disclosure can further make the cross section area of the oxidation layer 2111 of the oxidation fiber 21 in the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A occupy the 99.0% cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21, such that no obvious shell-core structure exists. The cross section of the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A is more uniform, and thus the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the carbon fiber yarn bunch are increased. The relatively positive and reliable means for enhancing the carbon fiber performance are therefore provided.
When the present disclosure is implemented, the 24 kW/m2 microwave focusing process is applied to process the fiber yarn bunch for 5 minutes through 10 minutes, preferably. Accordingly, the present disclosure is adapted to the continuous carbon fiber yarn bunch generation manner that the fiber yarn bunch 20 passes the oven body 33 without the reception and winding of the winder unit 32 and the carbonization is next performed, or alternatively, the present disclosure is adapted to the generation manner that the winded fiber yarn bunch 20 is winded out by the feeding unit 31 and received and winded by the winder unit 32.
Refer to
Refer to Table 3, and Table 3 is a comparison table showing the measured tensile strengths of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches formed by the next carbonization, wherein several sets of the fiber yarn bunches 20, the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A and the carbon fiber yarn bunches are respectively processed by the conventional electro thermal tube heating process and the microwaving processes of the oxidation fiber manufacturing method associated with fiber pre-oxidization device of the present disclosure. Regarding the conventional electro thermal tube heating process, the processing condition is the oven body temperature of 270° C. and the processing time of 40 minutes, and the obtained results of the physical properties are called “comparative example 1”. Regarding the microwaving processes of the present disclosure, the processing conditions are the oven body temperature of 220° C., the microwave frequency of 2450 MHz and the processing time of 10 minutes, and the obtained results of the physical properties associated with 24 kW/m2, 22 kW/m2, 16 kW/m2 and 15 kW/m2 microwave powers are called “embodiment 1”, “embodiment 2”, “embodiment 3”, “embodiment 4” and “embodiment 5”. In all of comparative example 1 and embodiments 1 through 5, the fiber yarn bunches 20 are made of polyacrylonitrile. In addition, the cross sections of the oxidation fibers 21 of the oxidation fiber yarn bunches 20A associated with all of the comparative example 1 and the embodiments 1 through 5 are photographed by the scanning electron microscope to obtain the substantial cross section images, and the calculated values that the cross section areas of the oxidation layer 211 respectively divide the cross section areas of the oxidation fiber 21, i.e. the ratios which the oxidation layers 211 occupy the oxidation fiber 21, are also listed in Table 3.
40%
R*: the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer divides cross section area of the oxidation fiber
In Table 3, embodiment 5 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.13 times of that in the comparative example 1, and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 13%. In embodiment 5, the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 divides the cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21 is 51.2%, i.e. the oxidation layer 211 occupies the 51.2% oxidation fiber 21. Embodiment 4 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.17 times of that in the comparative example 1, and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 17%. In embodiment 4, the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 divides the cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21 is 61.5%, i.e. the oxidation layer 211 occupies the 61.5% oxidation fiber 21. Embodiment 3 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.23 times of that in the comparative example 1, and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 23%. In embodiment 3, the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 divides the cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21 is 82.7%, i.e. the oxidation layer 211 occupies the 82.7% oxidation fiber 21. Embodiment 2 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.27 times of that in the comparative example 1, and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 27%. In embodiment 2, the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 divides the cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21 is 91.3%, i.e. the oxidation layer 211 occupies the 91.3% oxidation fiber 21. Embodiment 1 shows the tensile strength of the final carbon fiber yarn bunch carbonized by the oxidation fiber yarn bunch processed with the microwaving process of the present disclosure is 1.3 times of that in the comparative example 1, and that is the tensile strength has the improvement of 30%. In embodiment 1, the value that the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 divides the cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21 is 99.0%, i.e. the oxidation layer 211 occupies the 99.0% oxidation fiber 21.
Thus, the oxidation fiber 21 generated by the present disclosure comprises the oxidation layer 211 and a core portion 212, wherein the oxidation layer 211 covers the outer side of the core portion 212, and the oxidation layer 211 occupy the more than 50% oxidation fiber 21, or the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 occupy the more than 50% cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21. As shown in
Of course, since the oxidation fiber 21 of the present disclosure is formed under the microwaving condition, the oxidation layer 211 is an microwaved oxidation layer, and the oxidation layer 211 of the oxidation fiber 21 in the oxidation fiber yarn bunch 20A occupies the at least 50% oxidation fiber 21.
When the present disclosure is implemented, the fiber yarn bunch 20 can be one of polyacrylonitrile, pitch and other organic fibers. Certainly, after the microwave focusing process of 24 kW/m2 microwave power is applied on the fiber yarn bunch 20 for 10 minutes to obtain the oxidation fiber, the oxidation layer 211 occupy the 99.0% oxidation fiber 21, or the cross section area of the oxidation layer 211 occupy the 99.0% cross section area of the oxidation fiber 21
Compared to the prior art, the fiber pre-oxidization device disclosed by the present disclosure mainly uses the microwave processing unit to focus the microwave to apply the ultra-fast pre-oxidization process on the fiber yarn bunch, so as to process the fiber yarn bunch to form the oxidation fiber. Thus, not only the oxidization time of the oxidation fiber is reduced, but also the oxidation layer in the oxidation fiber occupies more than 50% of the cross section area of the oxidation fiber to efficiently reduce shell-core structure of the oxidation fiber. Even, no obvious shell-core structure exists in the oxidation fiber. Accordingly, relatively positive and reliable means for increasing the performance of carbon fiber are provided.
The above-mentioned descriptions represent merely the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, without any intention to limit the scope of the present disclosure thereto. Various equivalent changes, alternations or modifications based on the claims of present disclosure are all consequently viewed as being embraced by the scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 107103129 | Jan 2018 | TW | national |
