Fibre-Optic Temperature Measurement In A Catalyst Material

Abstract

A tube reactor for heterogeneous catalysed gas phase reactions having a thermal tube with a catalyst material around which a fluid heat transfer medium, a temperature-sensitive optical waveguide surrounded by a capillary tube that extends into the catalyst material and has measuring points having a predetermined spacing between adjacent measurement points, and can be connected to a source for optical signals and to an evaluation unit (31) for optical signals reflected by the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide has measuring points having a spacing between adjacent measuring points in the axial direction of the thermal tube which is 0.8 to 5 times the shortest edge length of all imaginary cuboids which, having a minimum volume in the cases in which nominal external dimensions are associated with particles of the catalyst material.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a suction arrangement for an internal combustion engine.

2. Description of Prior Art

To operate an internal combustion engine, it is required to draw in fuel and lubricant from corresponding storage tanks and to make the same available to the internal combustion engine. In particular when the storage tank during operation assumes an inclined position, drawing in the liquid medium from the respective storage tank creates difficulties dependent on the filling level of the storage tank. This is the case for example with offshore applications and marine applications, in which storage tanks employed for example on oil platforms or ships can assume an inclined position of up to 45° relative to a horizontal orientation. To date, no suction arrangements are known which, under such conditions, make possible a universally reliable drawing-in of a liquid medium from a tank.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based on creating a new type of suction arrangement. According to one aspect of the invention, the or each suction pipe is pivotably mounted about an axis at a second end facing away from the suction basket such that the respective suction pipe and thus the suction basket follows a movement of the liquid to be drawn in within the tank initiated by a movement of the tank. Such a suction arrangement makes possible safe drawing-in of the liquid to be drawn in from the tank even in extreme inclined position of the tank.

Preferentially, stops delimit a pivot movement or pendulum movement of the one or each suction pipe and thus of the suction basket. Because of this it is ensured that there is always an adequate distance of a center of gravity of the suction basket from a pivot axis for pivoting the or each suction pipe and thus suction basket for the one or each suction pipe.

According to a further development, the one or each suction pipe is assigned a non-return valve each which in particular when the suction pump reacting with the respective suction pipe is stationary, prevents a return flow of the liquid from the respective suction pipe into the tank. Because of this it is ensured that a defined quantity of liquid is always contained in the respective suction pipe so that immediately after the starting of the respective suction pump liquid can be delivered in the direction of the internal combustion engine independently of the current relevant position of the respective suction pipe and thus of the suction basket.

Preferentially, a filling level sensor is assigned at least to a suction pipe adjacent to the suction basket in the region of the first end of the respective suction pipe. By way of this it can monitored if liquid circulates about the suction basket, i.e. if liquid can actually be drawn.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the suction arrangement comprises two suction pipes which with their first ends open into a common suction basket and the second ends of which are pivotably mounted in such a manner that the second ends of the suction pipes are pivotable about a common pivot axis. Here, the two suction pipes, which are preferentially an integral part of a monolithic suction pipe assembly, substantially run parallel to one another and are deflected at their second ends in opposite directions in such a manner that longitudinal axes of these second ends lie on the common pivot axis. This embodiment of the invention is advantageous for a suction arrangement which serves for drawing in lubricating oil via a main pump and auxiliary pump.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the help of the drawing without being restricted to this. There it shows:

FIG. 1: is a perspective view of a suction arrangement together with a tank;

FIG. 2: is the tank of FIG. 1 in sole representation;

FIG. 3: is the suction arrangement of FIG. 1 in sole representation;

FIG. 4: is the suction arrangement of FIG. 1 in various relative positions regarding the housing;

FIG. 5: is a cross section through the suction arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 3; and

FIG. 6: is a detail of FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates to a suction arrangement for drawing in a liquid medium from a tank. Preferentially, such a suction arrangement is employed on an internal combustion engine, which is utilised in an offshore application or a marine application.

In the following, the invention for a suction arrangement is described, which draws in lubricating oil as liquid medium from a lubricating oil reservoir, making it available for lubricating an internal combustion engine.

However, the invention is not restricted to this application. The invention can also be utilised for example for drawing in fuel and to make the same available to an internal combustion engine.

FIG. 1 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of a suction arrangement 10 according to one aspect of the invention, which in the exemplary embodiment serves for drawing in lubricating oil, namely in combination with a tank 11, in which the lubricating oil to be drawn in is kept ready. The suction arrangement 10 is arranged within the tank 11.

FIG. 1 shows the tank 11, in which the lubricating oil to be drawn in is kept ready, in sole representation. The tank 11 comprises two horizontally extending longitudinal axes 12 and 13, about which the tank 11 can move in the sense of the double arrows 14 and 15 independently of ambient conditions. This is the case in particular with offshore applications and marine applications. The movement about the axis 12 is also described as rolling motion and the movement about the axis 15 as pitching motion.

As a consequence of the shifting of the tank 11 about its axes 14 and 15, the liquid kept ready in the tank 11 and to be sucked in, namely in the shown exemplary embodiment the stored lubricating oil, shifts. In particular when the pivot angle about the or each axis 14 and/or 15 are relatively large and/or the filling level of the lubricating oil in the tank 11 is relatively low, the reliable drawing-in of the lubricating oil from the tank 11 proves to be difficult with suction arrangements known from the prior art. The suction arrangement 10 according to the invention makes possible a safe and reliable drawing-in of lubricating oil stored in the tank 11 under all possible relative positions of the tank 11.

The suction arrangement 10 according to the invention for drawing in the lubricating oil from the tank 11 comprises a suction basket 16, via which the lubricating oil can be drawn in from the tank 11. The suction basket 16 in this case comprises a sieve 17 that prevents that contaminations or solid materials, which are contained in the lubricating oil, to be drawn in as well.

The suction arrangement 10 furthermore comprises at least one suction pipe, namely in the shown exemplary embodiment two suction pipes 18 and 19.

Each suction pipe of the suction arrangement, in the shown exemplary embodiments both suction pipes 18 and 19, opens or open with a first end 20 and 21 respectively into the suction basket 16, wherein via the or each suction pipe 18, 19 the lubricating oil sucked in the region of the suction basket 16 can be delivered in the direction of a delivery pump which is not shown and which interacts with the respective suction pipe 18 and 19 respectively, which ultimately delivers the taken-in liquid medium, namely in the shown exemplary embodiment the lubricating oil, in the direction of an internal combustion engine. In the shown exemplary embodiment, an individual suction pump interacts with each suction pipe 18, 19, namely with the suction pipe 19 a main pump which is not shown, which runs only in particular when the internal combustion engine is running, and with the suction pipe 18, an auxiliary pump, which also runs when the internal combustion engine is stationary. By way of the auxiliary pump and the suction pipe 18, lubricating oil can accordingly be delivered in the direction of the internal combustion engine before the latter itself is operating.

In the shown exemplary embodiment, both suction pipes 18 and 19 are integral part of a monolithic suction pipe assembly 22. In contrast with this it is also possible that both suction pipes 18 and 19 are embodied as individual pipes, which can for example be connected to one another by welding.

In terms of the present invention, the one or each suction pipe 18, 19 is pivotably mounted, at a second end 23 and 24 respectively facing away from the suction basket 16, about an axis 25 on the housing 11, namely a housing wall section 26 of the housing 11, namely in such a manner that the respective suction pipe 18 and and thus the suction basket 16 follow, due to gravity, the movement of the tank 11 or the movement of the liquid to be drawn in initiated by the movement of the tank 11 within the tank 11.

As already explained, the tank 11 can statically or dynamically shift for example due to wave action, about its axes 12 and 13 in the sense of the double arrows 14 and 15, wherein due to the articulated mounting of the suction pipes 18 and 19 and thus of the suction basket 16 on the wall section 26 of the tank 11 the suction pipes 18 and 19 and thus the suction basket 16 then perform or performs a pivot movement or pendulum movement about the axis 25 due to gravity. Accordingly, when the liquid medium to be drawn in, in the shown exemplary embodiment the lubricating oil to be sucked in, shifts because of an inclined position of the tank in a section of the tank 11, the suction arrangement, in particular the suction basket 16, follows this movement of the liquid medium.

In the shown exemplary embodiment, both the second ends 23 and 24 of the two suction pipes 18 and 19 are pivotable about a common pivot axis 25, for the purpose of which in the shown exemplary embodiment the two suction pipes 18, 19, which run substantially parallel to one another, are deflected at their second ends 23 and 24 in opposite directions so that longitudinal axes of these second ends 23 and 24 of the two suction pipes 18 and 19 lie on the common pivot axis 25.

The two second ends 23 and 24 of the suction pipes 18 and 19 are assigned bearings 27 and 28, which is best evident from FIG. 6. These bearings 27 and 28 can be rolling bearings or the like.

To ensure a simple assembly, a bearing ring 29 on the tank side, which interacts with the bearing 28 assigned to the second end 23 of the suction pipe 19, can be formed in two parts.

According to FIG. 4, the pivot movement of the suction arrangement 10 about the pivot axis 25 is delimited by stops 30.

The stops 30 define an angular range a, within which the pivot movement of the or each suction pipe 18, 19 and thus of the suction basket 16 is possible. This angular range a preferentially amounts to a maximum of 150°.

In particular when the suction basket 16 comes to lie against one of the stops 30 as a consequence of an inclined position of the tank 11, there is always an adequate distance between the center of gravity of the suction basket 16 and the pivot axis 25, so that there is an adequate, gravity-dependent torque for shifting the suction arrangement 10 about the pivot axis 25 in all situations.

FIG. 4 shows three different positions of the suction arrangement 10 in the tank 11, wherein dependent on the relative position of the tank 11 the suction arrangement 10 can be shifted in such a manner that the same comes to lie against one of the stops 30. These end positions of the suction arrangement 10 at the stops 30 are shown by the reference numbers 10′, 16′, 22′ as well as 10″, 16″ and 22″ for the suction arrangement 10, the suction basket 16 and the suction pipe assembly 22.

In the shown exemplary embodiment, each of the suction pipes 18, 19 is assigned a non-return valve 31 and 32 respectively. Through these non-return valves 31, 32 it is prevented that lubricating oil, once drawn in via the suction basket 16 into the respective suction pipe 18 and 19 respectively, can return from the respective suction pipe 18, 19. Even in particular when the suction pump interacting with the respective suction pipe 18, 19 accordingly is stationary, a defined lubricating oil quantity remains in the respective suction pipe 18, 19, so that immediately after the activation of the respective suction pump a defined lubricating oil quantity can be delivered, namely independently of whether the suction basket 16 is actually surrounded by lubricating oil to be drawn in.

In the shown preferred exemplary embodiment, the suction pipe assembly 22, which provides the two suction pipes 18 and 19, is assigned a filling level sensor 33 adjacent to the suction basket 16. With this filling level sensor 33 it can be monitored if lubricating oil to be sucked in actually circulates about the suction basket 16, i.e. if lubricating oil can be actually sucked in via the suction basket 16. If this is not the case, a filling level in the tank 11 that is too low can be concluded and a corresponding message for replenishing the tank 11 be generated.

The suction basket 16 of the suction arrangement 10 is preferentially produced from a relatively heavy, metallic material, whereas the or each suction pipe 18, of the suction arrangement 10 is preferentially produced from a relatively light, metallic material. The suction basket 16 can be produced from steel and the or each suction pipe 18, 19 from aluminium. This supports the gravity-dependent shifting of the suction arrangement 10 about the pivot axis 25 as a consequence of the inclined position or movement of the tank 11.

Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1.-15. (canceled)

16. A tube reactor for heterogeneous catalysed gas phase reactions, comprising: a thermotube, which contains a catalyst charge having particles, wherein during operation a fluid heat transfer medium flows around an outer side of the thermotube;a capillary tube;a temperature-sensitive optical waveguide, which is surrounded by the capillary tube, extends into the catalyst charge of the thermotube, the temperature-sensitive optical waveguide having measuring points with a predetermined spacing between neighbouring measuring points in an axial direction of the thermotube and configured to be connected to a source for optical signals and to an evaluation unit for optical signals reflected by the optical waveguide,wherein the temperature-sensitive optical waveguide at least in an axial thermotube section of predetermined length, which contains at least part of the catalyst charge, has the measuring points with the predetermined spacing between neighbouring measuring points in the axial direction of the thermotube, which is 0.8- to 5-times a shortest edge length of all imaginary cuboids, which with minimal volume, in those cases in which nominal external dimensions are assigned to the particles of the catalyst charge, delimit one particle when the particles have its nominal external dimension, and in all other cases, in each case delimit the particles that belong to a mass fraction of at least 70% of the catalyst charge, to which all particles with imaginary cuboids belong, for which each edge length is longer than the shortest edge length.

17. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein a protective tube is arranged in the catalyst charge of the thermotube and the optical waveguide runs with a capillary tube in the protective tube.

18. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the mass fraction is at least 80.

19. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein in the axial thermotube section of predetermined length, the spacing of neighbouring measuring points in the axial direction of the thermotube is 1- to 3-times the shortest edge length.

20. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein in the axial thermotube section of predetermined length, the spacing of neighbouring measuring points in the axial direction of the thermotube is at least 0.5 mm.

21. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the tube reactor further comprises at least one catalyst-filled reaction tube.

22. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide, the capillary tube, and a protective tube are temperature-resistant to 1000° C.

23. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to evaluate optical signals created by at least one of Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and Brillouin scattering.

24. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to evaluate optical signals created by scattering on Bragg gratings.

25. The tube reactor according to claim 24, wherein at least two optical waveguides with a respective axially running series of Bragg gratings are located in a protective tube,wherein the Bragg gratings of the series are axially offset with respect to one another, and at least in the axial thermotube section of predetermined length, the measuring points, formed by the Bragg gratings and offset with respect to one another, have the spacing of neighbouring measuring points, andwherein the evaluation unit has a device, which assembles the optical signals reflected by the at least two optical waveguides to form a single continuous series of measured temperature values.

26. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide is strain-relieved.

27. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the evaluation unit has a device that removes external signals from an evaluated temperature profile.

28. The tube reactor according to claim 16, further comprising: a heat transfer medium thermotube, which is free of catalyst material and is closed at ends thereof against the ingress of at least one of reaction gas and product gas and into which at least one of a temperature-sensitive optical waveguide, which is surrounded by a respective capillary tube, and a thermometer with a different measuring principle extends, which optical waveguide or thermometer can be connected to the source for optical signals and to the evaluation unit, wherein the capillary tube is connected in a thermally conductive manner to a heat transfer medium thermotube wall.

29. The tube reactor according to claim 28, wherein at least one thermotube has an elevation at least at one of the two ends thereof.

30. The tube reactor according to claim 29, wherein the elevation of the thermotube for measuring a catalyst temperature are different from those of the thermotubes for measuring the heat transfer medium temperature.

31. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the mass fraction is at least 90%. and particularly preferably at least 95%.

32. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the mass fraction is at least 95%.

33. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein in the axial thermotube section of predetermined length, the spacing of neighbouring measuring points in the axial direction of the thermotube is 1- to 2-times the shortest edge length.

34. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide, the capillary tube, and a protective tube are temperature-resistant to 800° C.

35. The tube reactor according to claim 16, wherein the optical waveguide, the capillary tube, and a protective tube are temperature-resistant to 700° C.