This invention relates generally to a rod guide, and more particularly to an improved rod guide having increased gripping power, suitable for both rotating and reciprocating rod applications.
In the hydrocarbon recovery industry, pumps are used at the lower ends of wells to pump oil to the surface through production tubing positioned within a well casing. Power is transmitted to the pump from the surface using a rod string positioned within the production tubing. Rod strings include both “reciprocating” types, which are axially stroked, and “rotating” types, which rotate to power progressing cavity type pumps. The latter type is increasingly used, particularly in wells producing heavy, sand-laden oil or producing fluids with high water/oil ratios.
Both reciprocating and rotating rods benefit from the use of rod guides to protect the interior surface of the production tubing. In practice, sucker rods and production tubing do not hang perfectly concentrically within a well, in part because well bores are never perfectly straight. Direct contact between the rod and the production tubing during reciprocation or rotation, especially while immersed in a harsh fluid environment, would otherwise cause expensive damage to the tubing and the rod. Rod guides are therefore placed between the rod and the tubing as a low cost sacrificial wear member.
Some rod guides have a plurality of fins projecting radially toward the ID of the production tubing, to center the rod within the tubing. The space between fins then provides a flow path for drilling fluid or hydrocarbon production flowing through the tubing. U.S. Pat. No 6,152,223 to Abdo describes such a rod guide, incorporating a low-friction wear material and a fin construction affording generous flow through. Other rod guides have a generally cylindrical outer surface having an OD substantially less than the ID of the production tubing, such that there is ample space between the guide and the tubing as a flow path. The disadvantage of this type of guide is there is less erodible wear volume (“EWV”) in the guide, which leads to greater frequency of replacement and associated costs.
Many rod guides require at least some assembly to the rod prior to being transported to the field where they will be used. U.S. Pat. No. 5,941,312 to Vermeeren and U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,896 to Hart, et. al, each disclose examples of such “partially field-installable” rod guides. A spool is mechanically bonded to the rod in a shop or manufacturing facility. When in the field, an outer rod guide body may be later snapped over the spool affixed to the rod.
The Hart patent describes a rod guide having embodiments for use with both rotating and reciprocating rods. The embodiment of the outer guide body depends on whether it is to be used with a reciprocating or rotating rod. For example, for a rotating embodiment, the body and spool may rotate freely with respect to each other, which is generally preferred for all rotating type rod guides. As the rod rotates, the spool remains stationary with respect to the rod, while the outer body is free to rotate about the spool to remain nearly stationary with respect to a sidewall of the production tubing, minimizing wear between the body and the tubing, and between the spool and the rod. The majority of the wear instead occurs between the low cost sacrificial spool and guide body. For a reciprocating embodiment, the spool may include an elongate projection, and the outer guide body may include a slot for mating with the projection, such that the guide body does not rotate with respect to the spool.
To minimize manufacturing and assembly costs, some existing rod guides can be installed entirely in the field. U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,688 to Edwards, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,104 to Sable each disclose examples of such “fully field-installable” rod guides. In each of these, a generally unitary body is provided with a bore for tightly positioning about a rod, and an access channel is provided from an outer surface of the body to the bore, allowing the guide to be forcibly “snapped-on” in the field. A problem inherent to each of these rod guides is that the single-piece body must be flexed when snapped onto the rod, weakening the gripping power of the guide. The Sable patent strives to minimize this drawback, by providing a non-circular bore to place more material at the area of highest flex. Although this potentially improves the gripping power of the guide, the presence of the access channel remains a source of structural weakness during the service life of the guide. A further shortcoming of these single-piece snap-on rod guides is that a single-piece body is generally best suited for reciprocating-type rods, and is non-ideal for use with rotating type rods.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,518 discloses another type of fully field-installable rod guide that does not require an access channel for installation. Instead, the rod guide comprises two half sections which are adapted to be lockingly clamped together. One half section has grooves and the other half section includes flanges having complementary tapered surfaces so that when the two half sections are moved together vertically the flanges are wedged in the grooves to clamp the two half sections together about the rod. The tapered surfaces are very narrow, however, and do not alone produce sufficient gripping power. The half sections may use inner ridges on semi-circular recesses for contacting the rod, to cause the recesses to deform into an elliptical shape to resist slippage. Another shortcoming of the rod guide is that it is described for use only with a reciprocating type rod, and is unsuitable for use with a rotating type rod.
A rod guide is desired that is fully field-installable, useful with both reciprocating and rotating rods, and having an improved mechanism for attaching the guide to the rod.
A field-installable rod guide is disclosed for a rod having an outer rod surface and movable within an oilfield tubular having an interior tubular surface for driving a downhole pump to pump liquids to the surface through the oilfield tubular.
In one embodiment the rod guide comprises a body including first and second interfitting body members. The first body member has an outer wear surface; a pair of circumferentially spaced outer tapered surfaces radially inward of the outer wear surface and tapering radially along an axial direction, the outer tapered surfaces extending circumferentially a combined at least 70 degrees toward one another from circumferentially outer locations no greater than 180 degrees apart to circumferentially inner locations; and an inner rod-engagement surface radially inward of the outer tapered surfaces, for gripping the outer rod surface. The second body member has an outer wear surface, an inner taper-engagement surface radially inward of the outer wear surface, for axially slidably engaging the outer tapered surfaces of the first body member, to urge the first and second body member radially inward toward one another and to deform at least a portion of the first body member radially inward toward a rod gripping position about the rod; and an inner rod-engagement surface radially inward of the inner taper-engagement surface for gripping the outer rod surface. A locking member may be included for axially locking the first and second body member with respect to one another.
The second body member may also have a pair of circumferentially spaced outer tapered surfaces radially inward of the outer wear surface and tapering radially along an axial direction, the outer tapered surfaces extending circumferentially a combined at least 70 degrees toward one another from circumferentially outer locations no greater than 180 degrees apart to circumferentially inner locations. Likewise, the first body member may have an inner taper-engagement surface radially inward of its outer wear surface, for axially slidably engaging the pair of outer tapered surfaces of the second body member, to both urge the first and second body member radially inward toward one another and deform at least a portion of the second body member radially inward toward a rod gripping position about the rod.
The tapered surface outer locations of the first body member may be circumferentially spaced less than 5 degrees from adjacent tapered surface outer locations of the second body when the body is in the rod gripping position. Each outer tapered surface may circumferentially extend at least about 35 degrees.
Radially projecting portions may be included along the inner rod-engagement surfaces for increasing friction between the body and the rod. These may comprise axially-spaced ribs or a knurled surface.
For use especially with rotating type rod guides, a sleeve may be included for positioning about the first and second body member while in the rod gripping position. The sleeve may include an inner wear surface for slidably contacting the outer wear surfaces of the first and second body members, and an outer wear surface for slidably contacting the interior tubular surface of the oilfield tubular. One or more stops on the body limit axial motion of the sleeve with respect to the body.
A plurality of fins may be included for centering the rod within the interior tubular surface of the oilfield tubular. The fins may be included directly on the body, especially for reciprocating rod guides, or on the sleeve, for rotating rod guides.
The foregoing is intended to summarize the invention, and not to limit nor fully define the invention. The aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood and better appreciated by reference to the following description and drawings.
Because the channel 36 allows outward flexing of the sleeve 16, the sleeve 16 may flex and move about the body 13 during use. This creates a possibility of increased wear between the sleeve 16 and the body 13, and the possibility that the sleeve 16 may inadvertently come off the body 13. To decrease the chance of these occurring, a locking bridge may be included, as shown generally at 60 in the cross-sectional view of the sleeve embodiment of
In the preferred embodiment shown, the male member 62 and the female member 64 are positioned within the access channel 36 between arcuate surfaces 66, 68, each secured to a respective one of the circumferential side surfaces 54, 56. The male member 62 locks into a similarly shaped female member 64, bridging the channel 36, and limiting spreading of the sleeve 16. Preferably, this locking moves circumferential side surfaces 54, 56 into contact with one another, to seal or at least limit passing of sand, fluid, and debris through the channel 36. In other embodiments, the locking bridge may be secured elsewhere on the sleeve 16, such as on arcuate surface 66, to draw surfaces 54, 56 toward one another and bridge the channel 36. For example, in one embodiment (not shown), two members may be secured to the surface 66 opposite the channel 36 from one another, and a buckle included for fastening the two members, to both bridge the channel 36 and preferably draw surfaces 54, 56 toward one another.
Progressive cavity pumps are sometimes used in sand applications because they are able to move fluid with sand therein.
In other embodiments (not shown), the seal assemblies 33 can instead be located on or adjacent to load shoulders 34. For example, a grooves can be included on shoulder 34, and still accommodate a circular seal, such as an o-ring or lip seal, to seal with sleeve ends 50,52.
The at least one outer tapered surface 22 of the first and second body members 12, 14 are preferably a pair of circumferentially spaced outer tapered surfaces 22, as shown in
As best seen in
In the preferred embodiments, as discussed, the body members 12, 14 are substantially identical. Thus, each body member 12, 14 has an outer wear surface 20, a pair of outer tapered surfaces 22, an inner taper engagement surface 26 for engaging the outer tapered surfaces 22 of the other body member 12, 14, and an inner rod-engagement surface 24. In less preferred embodiments, however, the invention may work conceptually with less symmetry and identity between parts. At a minimum, the first body member 12 should include the outer wear surface 20, the at least one outer tapered surface 22, and the inner rod-engagement surface 24, and the second body member 14 should include the outer wear surface 20, the inner taper-engagement surface 26, and the inner rod-engagement surface 24. In other words, only one of the body members 12, 14 needs the outer tapered surface 22, and the other of the body members 12, 14 needs the taper-engagement surface 26.
A reciprocating type rod guide 100 may require greater holding power than a rotating type guide 10, due to the large axial forces of the former as compared with the low rotational forces of the latter. Thus, the aspects of the invention discussed above whereby the outer tapered surfaces 22 provide large gripping power is particularly advantageous for reciprocating type guides 100.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein in some detail, it is to be understood that this has been done solely for the purposes of describing the various aspects of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims which follow. Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiment shown and described is exemplary, and various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications, including but not limited to those design alternatives specifically discussed herein, may be made in the practice of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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3399730 | Pourchot | Sep 1968 | A |
4343518 | Pourchot | Aug 1982 | A |
4858688 | Edwards et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
5339896 | Hart et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5494104 | Sable, II | Feb 1996 | A |
5873157 | Hart et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5941312 | Vermeeren | Aug 1999 | A |
6152223 | Abdo et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6808019 | Mabry | Oct 2004 | B1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20060000602 A1 | Jan 2006 | US |