Patent Application
20160023139
The invention relates to a filter device that is intended in particular for fluids, such as diesel oil, contaminated with water impurities, and that comprises a filter housing having, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and at least one filter element accommodated therein. The filter medium of the filter element surrounds an inner filter cavity in the filtration process. The fluid flows from the unfiltered side to the filtered side. On at least one side of the filter medium, a water separation device has a separating region for separated water connected to a water collecting space via at least one water passage that is open to the separating region. The filter element has a passage forming a fluid connection to the inner filter cavity and is securable on an element retainer of the filter housing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a filter element intended for use in such a filter device.
Filter devices of the aforementioned type are known from the prior art. Such filter devices are typically used in fuel systems for internal combustion engines to protect sensitive components, in particular the injection systems, against degradation due to the water content entrained in the fuel. In this case, separation of the water content entrained in the fuel can be effected by a coagulation process during which water droplets are formed on the filter medium. These water droplets can flow out of the separation space, formed in the filter element, to the water collecting space.
To ensure the operational reliability of the systems located downstream of the filter, avoiding system contamination by dirt is critical in the processes of changing the filter element as necessary over the service life. The fluid connection between the filtered side of the filter element and the fluid outlet of the housing is interrupted when the end cap of the used filter element is decoupled from the element retainer. Dirt that has accumulated on the used filter element must be prevented from falling off. A separate reliable conveyance of the fluid by the water that forms is also desirable to increase operational reliability.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved filter device of the type under consideration, whose construction ensures a maximum of operational reliability and reduces the risk of contamination during changing processes, in particular at the fluid outlet of the housing.
This object is basically achieved according to the invention by a filter device having a fluid-conducting device in which fluid paths separated from one another formed, with a first fluid path leading from the fluid inlet of the housing to the unfiltered side of the filter element and a second fluid path connecting, the water passage to the water collecting space. In this way, a reliable separation of the fluid paths under consideration via the fluid-conducting device is created. Even when a used filter element is removed and replaced by a new element, no contamination of the system occurs by dirt accumulated on the used filter element failing off in the direction of the filtered side. Rather, this dirt remains on the unfiltered side. An inadvertent introduction of water either to the filtered side or to the unfiltered side is not possible either.
Compared to known filter devices of this type, in which in the filtration process flow takes place through the filter medium of the filter element from its outer unfiltered side to the inner filter cavity forming the filtered side, in one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fluid-conducting device induces a kind of flow reversal. Flow then takes place through the filter element preferably from the inner filter cavity to the outside. This reverse flow substantially improves the situation during the process of changing the filter. When flow takes place through the filter element from the inside to the outside, the unfiltered side is located in the inner filter cavity. Dirt particles, accumulated on the unfiltered side that might fall off when the filter element is removed, remain in the separated region of the unfiltered-side fluid path. Also, the fluid outlet that discharges on the outside of the filter medium that forms the filtered side is located outside the “endangered” region. The risk of fouling of the system downstream of the fluid outlet is thus effectively prevented.
In an especially advantageous manner, the unfiltered side is formed by the inner filter cavity of the filter element, and the water separation device with its water passage that is open toward the separating region are components of the filter element.
The water collecting space is preferably arranged to adjoin the filter housing such that at the lowest point of the filter housing, with the element retainer of the filter housing being located above the water collecting space.
In exemplary embodiments, the filter element on its lower end has an end cap with the passage leading into the filter cavity and with at least one water passage. The fluid-conducting device can then be brought into a sealed fluid connection to the end cap. Mechanically, this structure results in a simple structure.
Especially advantageously, the fluid-conducting device for forming the separate fluid paths has an adapter part designed as a connecting element via which the end cap of the filter element can be secured on the element retainer. The end cap thus can be designed as a disposable component to be changed together with the filter element in a simple, economically producible construction. The fluid-conducting device forming the separate fluid paths can form its own component separate from the end cap in the form of the adapter part.
In advantageous exemplary embodiments, the preferably circular end cap on its peripheral edge has an annular body forming inner annular jacket surfaces separated from one another and extending in the axial direction. One of the jacket surfaces adjoins a hydrophobic screen that surrounds the outside of the filter medium at a radial distance forming the separating region. Another of the jacket surfaces forms a sealing surface for the fluid-tight contact of a peripheral edge part of the adapter part.
With respect to the configuration of the end cap, preferably the end cap for formation of the passage has a pipe section extending from the end cap bottom forming the support for the filter medium and defining the main plane of the end cap. This pipe section extends axially upward into the filter cavity and axially downward for a sealed engagement with an inner pipe located in the adapter part and, as part of the fluid path, being fluid-connected to the fluid inlet of the housing.
In especially advantageous exemplary embodiments, the inner pipe of the adapter part is surrounded by a sleeve body that is open toward the water collecting space on the lower end facing away from the end cap and that surrounds the inner pipe at a distance by which a water channel is formed as part of the second fluid path.
Furthermore, the adapter pan can advantageously be made such that the sleeve body of the adapter part on its end facing the end cap has a flat ring washer that is continuous without interruption up to its peripheral edge part and that can be moved into sealed contact with the assigned annular jacket surface of the end cap. In the operating position, the flat ring washer extends along the end cap bottom at a distance by which the water channel of the sleeve body is continued up to the respective water passage formed in the end cap bottom, The adapter part used as a fluid-conducting device, together with the underside of the end cap bottom, thus forms the pan of the second fluid path via which the water collected in the separation space drains out, which part leads to the respective water passage.
The element retainer can advantageously have a pipe connector that forms the connection between a water collecting space and the main part of the housing accommodating the filter element. In the connector, the sleeve body of the adapter part can be accommodated to secure the pertinent filter element via its end cap that is in sealing connection to the adapter part in the housing.
For its function as a fluid-conducting device, the adapter part can advantageously be designed such that the sleeve body on its outside for contact with the inside of the pipe connector of the element retainer has two radially projecting annular parts arranged at an axial distance from one another. An annulus is then formed between the outside of the sleeve body and the inside of the pipe connector of the element retainer, with a feed channel leading to the fluid inlet of the housing as part of the first fluid path discharging into the annulus.
For this fluid path to extend from the inner pipe to the fluid inlet, a connecting channel branches off from the inner pipe of the adapter part, discharges into the annulus on the outside of the sleeve body and continues the first fluid path to the fluid inlet of the housing.
With respect to the sealing between the end cap of the filter element, adapter part and element retainer, O-rings can seal the annular parts of the sleeve body on the pipe connector of the element retainer, the pipe body of the end cap on the inner pipe of the adapter part, and the edge part of the ring washer of the adapter part on the annular jacket surface of the end cap.
The sealing of the outside of the sleeve body of the adapter part relative to the inside wall of the element retainer affords the additional advantage that the otherwise conventional sealing of the outer periphery of the end cap relative to the inside of the housing is eliminated. Instead, the sealing between the filtered side and the unfiltered side is affected with much smaller seal diameter. Reduced installation forces and thus a simplification result during the installation and removal of filter elements.
The subject matter of the invention is also a filter element intended for use in the filter device according to the invention.
Other objects, advantages and salient features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment
Referring to the drawings that form a part of this disclosure:
The device has a filter housing 1 with a hollow cylindrical main part 3 and a bottom part 5 that adjoins the housing bottom side. On the upper end, a housing cover 7 that can be removed for installing and removing a filter element 9 is screwed to the main part 3. Between the outside of the filter element 9 held in the housing 1 and the inside wall of the housing 1, an intermediate space forms the filtered side 13 in the filtration process. A fluid outlet 44 leads from the filtered side 13 out of the housing 1 for the drainage of the cleaned fluid. The filter medium 11 of the filter element 9 is formed by a filter mat shaped into a hollow cylinder and surrounding the fluid-permeable support pipe 15 forming an inner filter cavity 17 that, in the filtration process, forms the unfiltered side 14 to which the fluid to be cleaned can be supplied. The fluid flows through the filter medium 11 from the inside to the outside in the filtration process.
The ends of the filter element have, in the conventional manner, end caps 19 and 21 that form enclosures for the filter medium 11 and the support pipe 15. The end caps 19, 21 moreover form an enclosure for a hydrophobic screen 23 in the form of a hollow cylinder that surrounds the outside of the filter medium 11 at a distance. A separating region 25 in the form of a separating space is then formed between the hydrophobic screen 23 and the filter medium 11. To effect water separation, as is conventional in these fuel filters, the filter medium 11 acts to coagulate the water entrained by the fuel so that water in droplet form precipitates out of the fluid and sinks down in the separation space 25 since the screen 23 is impermeable to coagulated water droplets.
The lower end cap 21 secures the filter element 9 in the operating position in the housing 1 and is designed such that it interacts with a fluid-conducting device for filtration operation. For this purpose, the end cap 21 has a pipe section 27 that forms a passage 29 for the inflow of fluid to the inner filter cavity 17. The pipe section 27 extends from the end cap bottom 31 that forms a flat support surface for the lower edge of the filter medium 11, both axially upward into the filter cavity 17 and downward axially from the end cap bottom 31. As an outer peripheral edge, the end cap bottom 31 has an annular body 33. Gaps in the end cap bottom 39 are aligned to the separating region 25 and form water passages 35 for the exit of water from the separation space 25. The annular body 33 of the end cap 21 is shaped such that above and below the end cap bottom 31, annular jacket surfaces 37 are formed. The first or upper annular jacket surface adjoins the hydrophobic screen 23. The second or lower annular jacket surface 37 forms a sealing surface for the interaction with a peripheral edge part 39 of an adapter part 41 used as the fluid-conducting device.
The adapter part 41, in its operation as a fluid-conducting device, forms fluid paths that are separated from one another. A first fluid path leads from the fluid inlet 43 of the housing 1 via the passage 29 to the filter cavity 17 forming the unfiltered side 14. The second fluid path leads via the water passages 35 out of the separating region 25 as far as the water collecting space 45 in the bottom part 5 of the housing. Instead of an independent adapter part 41, its connection geometry can also be an integral component of the lower end cap 21 of the filter element 9.
In this example, the element retainer 47, on which the filter element 9 can be secured via the adapter part 41 used as a connecting or intermediate element, has a pipe connector 49 forming the single connection between the main housing part 3 that holds the filter element 9 and the water collecting space 45. The adapter part 41 has a sleeve body 51 that can be accommodated in the pipe connector 49. On its lower end 53, sleeve body 51 is open to the water collecting space 45. On its top end, sleeve body 51 undergoes transition into a ring washer 55 that extends in a radial plane and that, on its peripheral edge, forms the edge part 39 projecting axially upward and sealed to the inner annular jacket surface 37 of the annular body 33 of the end cap 21. In this way, proceeding from the water passages 35, a water channel 57 is formed between the end cap bottom 31 and the washer 55 of the adapter part 41, which channel continues along the inside of the sleeve body 51 as far as the water collecting space 45 and forms the second fluid path.
For the formation of the first fluid path from the fluid inlet 43 of the housing 1 via the adapter part 41 and the passage 29 of the end cap 31 into the inner filter cavity 17, the adapter part 41 has an inner pipe 59 extending concentrically within the sleeve body 51 at a distance from its inside wall. A space then remains open for the water channel 55 on the outside of the inner pipe 59. The pipe section 27 with the passage 29 sealingly engages the inner pipe 59.
The sleeve body 51, in the vicinity of its lower end and in the vicinity of the upper ring washer 55, has radially projecting annular parts 61 and 63, respectively, on which sealing takes place relative to the inside wall of the pipe connector 49 of the element retainer 47. The radially projecting annular parts 61. 63 between the pipe connector 49 and the sleeve body 51 form an annulus 65, from which a feed channel (not visible in the drawings), leads to the fluid inlet 43 that forms the inlet part of the first fluid path. For the continuation of this fluid path via the inner pipe 49 of the adapter part 41 as far as the filter cavity 17 forming the unfiltered side 14, a connecting channel 69 branches off from the closed end 67 of the inner pipe 59 and leads into the annulus 65. The first fluid path then continues from the fluid inlet 43, the annulus 65, and the connecting channel 69 of the inner pipe 49 as far as to the passage 29 of the end cap 21. The inner pipe 59 is connected preferably integrally to the sleeve body 51 via the connecting channel 69 and/or via connecting bridges (not detailed).
As is apparent from the figures, the sealings of the annular parts 61, 63 of the sleeve body 51 take place on the pipe connector 49 of the element retainer 47. Sealings of the pipe section 27 of the end cap 21 take place on the inner pipe 59 of the adapter pan 41. Sealings of the edge part 49 of the ring washer 55 of the adapter part 41 take place on the annular jacket surface 37 of the end cap 21. Each of these sealings is by O-rings 71. In the sealing formed in this way, seals for the outer periphery of the end cap 21 of the filter element 9 relative to the inside of the housing 1 are unnecessary.
The filter element 9 has the filter medium 11 surrounding the inner filter cavity 17 through which the fluid to be filtered flows for the filtration process. On the outer peripheral side of the filter medium 11 the water separation device 23 and the separating region 25 for separated water is located. The separating region 25 has at least one water passage 35. Passage 29 forms the fluid connection to the inner filter cavity 17 of the filter element 9. The water passage 35 is separated from the passage 29 within the filter element 9 by the adapter-shaped fluid-conducting device 41.
On the lower end of the filter element 9, the end cap 21 accommodates the filter medium 11 and has the passage 29 that leads into the inner filter cavity 17 and the respective water passage 35, with the end cap 21 being fluid-connected in a sealed manner to the fluid-conducting device 41. When the filter element 9 completed in this way is removed from the filter housing 1 after unscrewing the upper housing cover 7, for example, to replace a used filter element with a new element, the particulate dirt settled on the inside of the filter medium 11 as well as possible residues of unfiltered fluid remain on the unfiltered side 14 of the filtration assembly. Separated water that is still present in the separating region 25 travels via the respective passage site 35 further in the direction of the water collecting space 45 and does not inadvertently reach the unfiltered side 14 nor the filtered side 13.
The water collecting space 45 located on the bottom side of the filter housing 1 is surrounded by a collection housing that can be screwed onto the filter housing 1 from underneath. The collection housing is preferably of a transparent, cup-shaped plastic. As is especially apparent from
While one embodiment has been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will he understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2010 010 304.7 | Mar 2010 | DE | national |
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/261,419, the entire subject matter of is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13261419 | Oct 2012 | US |
| Child | 14850234 | US |
