Patent Application
20250083075
The present invention relates to a filtration device, and in particular a filtration device comprising baffles and filters which can be inserted and removed from a reactor to enable the filters to be replaced externally to the reactor, to a reactor comprising the filtration device and to a process for filtration using the filtration device.
Stirred tank reactors are known for a large number of applications. In some applications the reactor may contain a mixture of solids and liquid which it is desired to separate, and the reactor may be provided with filters, such as candle filters, through which the liquid is withdrawn from the reactor.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,760, for example, describes a process for separating liquid from slurry of solid catalyst particles suspended in a suspension liquid in a reactor. The reactor is fitted with filters (“primary filtration stage”) by which liquid is separated from the larger catalyst particles. In this document some catalyst particles pass through the primary filters and are then removed in subsequent stages. In other known processes, essentially all particles may be removed from the liquid in the filters in the reactor. The process in U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,760 is said to be widely applicable but mention is made in particular of hydrocarbon synthesis, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Another stirred tank reactor with an internal filtering system is described in EP2707128B1, which in particular describes an ammoxidation reactor for cyclohexanone oxime production with an internal filtering system comprising a set of tubular candles filters arranged in two concentric circular crowns.
US 2004/124140 describes a draft tube reactor in which there are provided substantially vertically oriented filter media which are attached to the interior wall of the reactor. DE3233726A1 also describes a reactor which contains filter elements, including candle filters in one option.
Whilst such systems are widely known, it is also known that over time the filters can become blocked or otherwise degrade. This is the case even where a system of back-flushing, such as in U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,760, is provided. When this happens it is necessary to remove the filters and either clean or replace them.
Conventional filtering systems, such as the candle filter arrays in the above documents, are bolted to the reactor, either directly or to headers which are contained within the reactor. On commercial scale reactors it is typically necessary for the technician to enter the reactor to unbolt the filters. (DE 3233726 A1, for example, notes that the filters can be introduced individually through a manhole.) Since many of the processes in which the reactors are used comprise hazardous chemicals this is both a physical and chemically hazardous activity.
Further, most stirred bed reactors also comprise baffles located around the internal circumference of the reactor which provide a further physical challenge in accessing the filters to be removed and inserting the replacements/cleaned filters.
The object of the present invention is to provide a filtration device which can be easily and safely inserted into and removed from a stirred tank reactor, and in particular without it being necessary to physically enter into the reactor. This is achieved by providing both the filters and the baffles on a frame which can itself be inserted and removed, and which can be easily attached to the reactor.
Thus, in a first aspect the present invention provides a filtration device, said filtration device comprising:
A particular feature of the present invention is that both the baffles and the filters are part of the filtration device, and in particularly located on a frame of the filtration device. It is also a feature of the present invention that the filtration device has a connection means suitable to attach the filtration device inside a reactor. Therefore, the filtration device according to this first aspect of the present invention is not a reactor, but a device which can be installed inside a reactor. The filtration device is separate to and separable from a reactor in which it may be used i.e. the entire filtration device can be placed in a reactor for use and removed from a reactor after it has been used.
In the present invention the first part of the filtration device is a frame of a generally cylindrical external profile. Generally the frame is designed to fit within a reactor which is itself cylindrical, at least in its main body. Thus the diameter of the frame is dependent on the reactor but should be less than the diameter of the reactor in which it is to be used. The outer diameter of the frame may be subject to provision of a suitable clearance inside the reactor, but typically would be at least 90%, such as at least 95% of the internal diameter of the reactor.
The frame may be constructed as a series of concentric and coplanar rings which are joined to each other by a plurality of support members to form the frame of generally cylindrical external profile. The support members are preferably orientated perpendicular to the planes of the rings. (In place inside the reactor the planes of the rings are generally horizontal and the support members are usually and preferably generally vertical.) Typically there may be 3 to 20 rings and 4 to 50 support members. The exact number, as well as the thickness of each ring and support member, isn't generally critical, but preferred frames will have sufficient rings and support members to give a rigid frame, whilst minimising the weight of the frame. It will be apparent, for example, that a larger number of smaller components can be used, or a smaller number of larger components to get suitable rigidity. Minimising the weight of the frame is advantageous for cost reasons (since less material required) but most importantly for ease of manipulation of the filtration device (installing and removing from a reactor). A preferred frame may have 3 to 8 rings and 4 to 20 support members. An example of a suitable frame structure is shown in the Figures which will be described below.
The frame, along with other parts of the filtration device, may be made of any suitable material or materials. Typically the frame is made of metal. Any joints may be bolted or welded. Typically the frame material will be selected to be compatible with the reaction to be performed. Suitable materials will be apparent to the person skilled in the art. Suitable materials include stainless steel, such as 316 stainless steel, for example. The frame may be made of the same material as the reactor in which it is to be used, but this is not essential.
The filtration device, once inserted in the reactor, is attached in place. To facilitate this the device comprises a connection means suitable to attach the filtration device inside the reactor. In preferred embodiments the connection means are such that they are accessible without entering the reactor (when the filtration device is inserted into the reactor). Thus, they are generally provided at or near (for example, within 20% of the total length of the filtration device and/or within 30 cm from) the end of the filtration device which is at the open end of the reactor during insertion.
In one example, and which is a preferred embodiment, a flange may be provided at the end of the first part which will mate with a flange or flanges on the top of the reactor. Most preferably, the filtration device comprises a second part connected at one end of the first part, which second part comprises a flange with an annular cross-section which is concentric with the frame of the first part but with an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the frame. The flange may be 4 to 60 cm larger in outer diameter than the first part. For example, a flange with 10 cm larger outer diameter gives an annular cross-section with 5 cm annular width, which is sufficient for suitable gaskets and bolts
The frame is typically of quite a large size, with a diameter of at least 0.8 m, and usually at least 1 m. It may be at least 1 m, such as at least 1.5 m in length. The frame, the baffles, and in some embodiments also the filters, are generally made of metal. Thus, the filtration device is both large and heavy. Typically a hoist or similar device will be used to aid its insertion and removal from the reactor. In preferred embodiments one or more lifting points, such as lugs, will be provided on the device for this purpose.
In particular, in a second aspect, which is also a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, there is provided a filtration device, said filtration device comprising:
In both the first and second aspects the filtration device comprises at least one set of filters located on the first part. Any suitable filters may be used. A preferred type of filtration device is a candle filter. Thus, the at least one set of filters preferably comprises a plurality of candle filters.
According to a preferred embodiment (of both the first and second aspects of the present invention) there is provided a set of filters which are located inside the frame and distributed around the internal circumference of the frame. For example, a set of at least 4, such as at least 8, and more preferably at least 12 filters may be distributed around the internal circumference of the frame. As used herein these will be referred to as a “first set” of filters. Up to 30 filters, such as up to 20 filters may be present in this first set.
Where the filters are candle filters then this first set of filters preferably comprises a plurality of candle filters orientated parallel to the axis of the frame.
In a further preferred embodiment, which may be present in addition to the first set of filters or independently, the filtration device comprises a set of filters protruding from the end of the first part which is remote from the second part. As used herein these will be referred to as a “second set” of filters. However, this terminology is only used for ease of reference and does not preclude that this is the only set of filters present.
This second set of filters may comprise at least 4, such as at least 8, and more preferably at least 12 filters distributed around the circumference at the end of the first part of the frame. Up to 30 filters, such as up to 20 filters may be present in this second set.
The filters in the second set are also preferably candle filters. The filters may “point” in any suitable direction, but in preferred embodiments are orientated to form a cone-like profile at the end of the filtration device. For example the set of filters protruding from the end of the first part which is remote from the second part may comprise a plurality of candle filters orientated towards a common focal point, said focal point being coincident with the axis of the frame.
Such an orientation allows these filters to reside in a conical or similar shaped bottom of a typical reactor. An example of a suitable orientation is shown in the Figures which will be described below.
On the filtration device of the present invention each filter which is present on the first part is connected to a header pipe. In the present invention the header pipe is a pipe which is connected to one or more filters and is configured to withdraw filtrate from the reactor through the filters. Typically multiple filters are connected to a common header pipe. In one example, each of the first set of filters may be connected to a single header pipe. However, it is also within the scope of the present invention that there may be two or more header pipes connected to one set of filters.
In use each header pipe can be connected to an outlet through which the filtrate can be removed from the header pipe (and hence from the reactor). Typically each is connected to a fluid outlet on the reactor. For ease of installation the number of header pipes can be minimised to minimise the number of connections which need to be made to the filtration device when it is inserted into the reactor.
To facilitate the connecting to the fluid outlet the header pipe (or pipes) may also be provided with a suitable connection means. In preferred embodiments this comprises a further flange, hereinafter referred to as a “header pipe flange”, which can connect to a suitable fluid outlet flange on the inside of the reactor. This connection means (flange or other) may be made accessible without entering the reactor by suitable configuration of the header pipe on the frame and the outlet to which it is connected. (For example, by running the header pipe or pipes to a position at or near the end of the filtration device which is at the open end of the reactor during insertion.) (And where, for example, “near” means within 20% of the total length of the filtration device and/or within 30 cm from the end.)
The filtration device also comprises two or more baffles protruding inwardly from the frame. Typically there may be 2 to 12, such as 3 to 8 baffles. Preferred baffles extend inwardly and along the majority of the length of the frame, such as along the entire length of the frame (the length of the frame as used herein meaning the direction parallel to the axis of the generally cylindrical profile of the frame).
In use the filtration device is placed inside a reactor. This may be done using a hoist or similar device as already noted. As also already described the header pipe or pipes are then connected to suitable outlets for the filtrate which will be obtained in use. The reactor can then be closed, typically by placing a lid or other closing means over the top of the reactor, and sealing the reactor with the filtration device in place.
Thus, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides a reactor comprising a filtration device as described herein, and preferably wherein the reactor comprises:
The reactor may be any suitable reactor but is preferably a stirred tank reactor. The reactor may have any suitable volume, but typically reactors of the type envisioned for the present invention will have a capacity of 0.5 to 10 m3.
A particular advantage of the present invention is that the reactor itself need not have any internal baffles. Thus, in a preferred embodiment the main body has no separate baffles.
The reactor in this third aspect, and correspondingly the filtration device in the first and second aspects, may be used in any suitable process in which it is required to filter solids to remove a liquid phase.
As will be described below, the present invention is particularly applicable for the preparation of catalysts. The invention will be exemplified when used for the production of Ziegler-Natta polymerisation catalysts, but it will be apparent that it could be applied also for many other catalyst preparations where solids catalyst or catalyst precursors are required to be separated from a liquid medium.
The present invention is also applicable for reactions involving catalysts, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,760B2 and EP2707128B1. U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,760B2, for example, notes that the process therein is applicable to process for producing liquid and, optionally, gaseous products from gaseous reactants, where the process comprises feeding of gaseous reactants into a slurry bed of solid catalyst particles suspended in a suspension liquid, allowing the gaseous reactants to react to form liquid, and optionally gaseous products, and then filtering to recover the liquid product. The Fischer-Tropsch reaction is exemplified in this document. A further typical process, as described in EP2707128B1, is the ammoximation reaction for cyclohexanone oxime production.
It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the present reactor and the filtration device thus can find wide utility.
In yet a further (fourth) aspect, there is also provided a process for filtration which comprises filtering a liquid using the filtration device or from a reactor according to any one of first to third aspects.
The present invention can be further illustrated by reference to the attached Figures, where:
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
A frame as shown in
The reactor had a usable internal volume of 2 m3. The frame comprised two sets of candle filters as shown in
The frame was lowered into the top of the reactor using a hoist, and the header pipe flanges of the first and second sets of filters bolted to corresponding flanges inside the reactor. This was done without it being required for the operator to enter the reactor. The top of the reactor was closed by placing the flange of the filtration device between corresponding flanges on the main body of the reactor and on the lid of the reactor, and bolting these together. The reactor comprised a central stirrer shaft and paddles for stirring the contents.
The reactor was purged of air using nitrogen in readiness for the preparation of a Ziegler-Natta polymerisation catalyst.
The reactor is used for the preparation of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst supported on a magnesium ethoxide. Such catalysts are well known, and their preparation in general terms is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,556,820, 5,965,478, 7,737,069 or U.S. Pat. No. 7,767,772.
In the present case, a magnesium ethoxide suspended in heptane is loaded into the reactor.
The heptane is removed by filtration and replaced by toluene, and the slurry is stirred for 1 minute. The stirrer is turned off and the solid is allowed to settle for 1 minute, and then the toluene is removed by filtration and replaced by fresh toluene.
With stirring, titanium tetrachloride is added slowly, and the reactor contents are warmed to 57° C. and mixed for an additional 30 minutes.
The temperature is then increased further, and when the temperature reached 100° C., di-n-butylphthalate (DNBP) is added as an internal donor and the reaction mixture stirred at 100° C. for an additional 90 minutes.
After this time, the stirrer is stopped and the liquid is removed by filtration through the candle filters. After the liquid is removed, fresh toluene and titanium tetrachloride are added and the slurry stirred at 100° C. for 30 minutes.
The stirrer is then stopped, the solids allowed to settle, and the liquid is removed through the candle filters. Further fresh toluene and a third portion of titanium tetrachloride is added and the slurry stirred for 30 minutes at 100° C.
The reactor is allowed to cool, the liquid is removed by filtration and heptane is added. The slurry in heptane is stirred at 57° C., before the solid is then allowed to settle, and the heptane is removed. Four more warm heptane washes are done in the same way.
The resulting solid is then recovered and dried. The resulting solid is a Ziegler-Natta polymerisation catalyst component comprising titanium supported on a magnesium ethoxide support and with di-n-butylphthalate internal donor, and is suitable for use in polymerisation of olefins, particularly of propylene, such as described in the aforementioned references.
The reactor is used to prepare repeated batches of catalyst in the manner described above. Over time (i.e. over a number of separate batches) the liquid throughout the filters is noticed to reduce, indicative of partial blockage of the filters, and backflushing of the filters was not able to address this. The frame was therefore removed from the open reactor using a hoist, and after disconnecting the header pipe flanges of the first and second sets of filters from the corresponding flanges inside the reactor. This was done without it being required for any operator to enter the reactor.
Once the filtration device was removed from the reactor the candle filters were disconnected and replaced on the frame, ready for the filtration device to be re-used.
It can be noted that the replacement of the filters externally to the reactor is not only safer but much easier than when the filters are inside the reactor. Hence, even with the requirement to remove from the reactor and subsequently reinstall the filtration device, the reactor turn-around time can be improved using the filtration device of the present invention. Further, with the present invention it can also be possible to have a second filtration device which can be installed as soon as the first one is removed, allowing the turnaround time before further reactions can be performed to be reduced yet further still. This can be a significant further advantage of the claimed invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21215715.0 | Dec 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/085555 | 12/13/2022 | WO |
