Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6247527
-
Patent Number
6,247,527
-
Date Filed
Tuesday, April 18, 200024 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, June 19, 200123 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
- Lazarus; Ira S.
- McKinnon; Terrell
Agents
- Gardner, Carton & Douglas
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 165 152
- 165 153
- 165 181
- 165 183
- 165 170
- 165 148
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
An improved fin array for use in a heat transfer assembly, such as a condenser for a vehicle air conditioning system, and a method of making the improved fin array, are disclosed. The fin array comprises an elongated one-piece fin member having top and bottom base portions with fin sets extending between adjacent top and bottom base portions. The top and bottom base portions are generally flat for bonding to the heat exchanger tubes, such as by brazing. Each fin set includes a plurality of individual fins extending generally perpendicularly to a longitudinal length of the fin member and having side edges that are longitudinally offset with respect to each other. The offset fin edges provide increased air flow over the individual fins and thus increase the efficiency of the overall heat exchanger. The fins may also be slightly bowed to accommodate for variation in the tolerances of the adjacent tubes. Additionally, the fins may also have a slightly arcuate cross section to impart greater column strength to the fins contained within the improved fin array. The method of making the improved fin array includes a providing a flat sheet of elongated fin stock, pressing a chisel shape into the fin stock to a depth of between 40 to 90 percent of the thickness of the fin stock in order to produce a cut pattern along the length of the fin stock, bending the fin stock into a serpentine pattern, and then compressing the fin stock to finalize the one-piece fin member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to heat exchanger assemblies and more particularly to an improved fin array design for use in a variety of heat exchanger assemblies and a method of making the fin array.
FIG. 1
illustrates a prior art heat exchanger assembly in the form of a condenser typically used in air conditioning units for vehicles. The heat exchanger assembly
10
includes a pair of opposed, spaced, generally parallel headers
11
and
12
. The headers
11
and
12
each define a series of generally parallel slots or openings
13
for receiving the ends
14
a
and
14
b
of tubes
14
that extend in fluid communication between the headers
11
and
12
. Each of the headers
11
and
12
includes a fitting
15
and a cap
16
. The fittings
15
operate as either an inlet or outlet for circulation of fluid through the headers
11
and
12
and tubes
14
. The fittings
15
can be operatively connected, such as by tube
17
or other appropriate tubing, to a heat exchanger system such as for a air conditioning unit for a vehicle. The heat exchanger assembly
10
also includes channels or flanges
18
and
19
in order to provide rigidity to the structure.
A plurality of elongated serpentine fins
20
extend between the headers
11
and
12
along each of the heat exchanger tubes
14
. Each of the fins
20
follows a serpentine pattern and has rounded crests that are alternately connected to the top and bottom tubes
14
by a process such as brazing.
It is well known in the art that the efficiency of a heat exchanger assembly is mainly limited by the heat flux between the fins and the ambient air, which receives the heat from the system or transmits heat into the system depending upon the application. For example, in the case of mechanical refrigeration systems, it is known that the heat flux per unit of area between the tube walls and refrigerant or between the tube walls and fins is very high relative to the heat flux per unit area between the surrounding air and the fin and tube surfaces. It is also known in the art that the portion of the fin that first cuts through the air has the highest heat flux per unit area.
To improve heat flux between the fins and the ambient air, many heat transfer systems employ a fan to move more air per unit of time across the fins. As another example, moving vehicles such as automobiles typically position the air conditioning condenser on the front of the car to provide maximum air flow across the fin and tube surfaces.
In another system to improve heat flux between the fins and ambient air, the fins are manufactured to include small louvers in each fin that catch the air and force the air to flow past or over the heated or cooled fin surfaces. A fin array
21
including louvers on the fins is shown in the prior art fin assembly of FIG.
2
. The fin array
21
is folded in a serpentine pattern to form a series of alternating upper and lower crests
22
and a plurality of individual fins
23
. Each of the individual fins
23
includes a plurality of louvers
24
.
The elongated fin array
21
is typically manufactured from strips of metal, such as copper or aluminum, that are run through rotary cutting dies that shape the openings in a strip, shape the louvers by pushing them inward or outward from the strip, and then fold the fins using a “star wheel” style roller which imparts a rounded bend to the fin stock. The fin array
21
including louvers
24
on the fins
23
improves the heat flux as compared to traditional non-louvered fins. However, the louvered fins are less than optimal for maximizing heat flux between the fins and ambient air and are difficult and expensive to manufacture.
For example, the louvers
24
on the fins
23
do not extend across the entire length of the individual fins due to the rounded bend area at crests
22
and thus form bypass passageways labeled
25
in FIG.
2
. Air can thus pass entirely through the fins
22
at bypass portions
25
without encountering the louvers
24
or substantially contacting the fins
23
.
In the louvered fin array
21
, the louvers
24
are also aligned directly behind each other such that the air tends substantially to contact only the first row or two of the louvers
24
. Thus, the louvers
24
toward the back of the fin set do not “see” fresh air since they are in the shadow of the first louvers.
The louvered fin array shown in
FIG. 2
is typically manufactured by cutting the fins in a traditional shearing die technique. With most metals such as copper or aluminum, those skilled in the art know that large amounts of lubrication are required for shear cutting of the material in order to prevent heat build-up in the cutting tools. However, the lubricating oils must be substantially removed from the fins after the cutting process so that the fins are clean for brazing the fins to the tubes. The process of removing the lubricating oils from the fins is an extremely expensive process and results in environmentally dangerous by-products.
This manufacturing process also commonly results in relatively large fin height variations that can lead to poor bonding between the fins and tubes. As a consequence of tolerance build up, added to run by run in the full assembly process, the rounded upper and lower crests of the fin array may not allow for complete fin to tube contact if the tubes are thinner than normal or if the fins have been folded with too small of a height. Poor bonding between the fins and tubes can dramatically decrease the efficiency of the entire heat exchanger assembly. If, on the other hand, fins have been folded with too great a height and/or tubes are thicker than normal, then some runs of the fins may be crushed out of shape allowing increased (or decreased) by-pass (or breakage). Both of which are detrimental to heat transfer.
In the prior art manufacturing processes, it is well known to apply pressure to the stacked fins and tubes during the assembly process to ensure adequate contact between the fins and tubes prior to brazing. However, the fins must have sufficient physical vertical strength so that the fins will not collapse under this pressure. Typically, the fins in such heat exchanger assemblies are straight or flat along their horizontal width or such cross section, and such a flat structure only provides a minimum column strength to the structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An important aspect of this invention lies in providing an improved fin array for a heat transfer assembly that provides improved heat flux between the fins and the ambient air and that permits more efficient and economical manufacturing than prior art fin arrays including louvers. The fin array of the present invention comprises an elongated serpentine one-piece fin member having top and bottom base portions connected together by fin sets extending between adjacent ones of the top and bottom base portions. The fin sets each include a plurality of individual fins having side edges facing generally perpendicular to a longitudinal length of the one piece fin member. The side edges of the fins are also longitudinally offset with respect to each other to improve heat flux with the passing air.
The fin sets are divided into a plurality of individual fins that have offset sides edges which greatly increase the heat flux of the entire fin member. The side edges of the fins typically provide the greatest amount of heat flux and the offset nature of the side edges of the fins maximizes this heat flux since each of the edges sees fresh air.
The top and bottom base portions of the fin unit extend respectively in top and bottom planes and are generally flat. The flat nature of the top and bottom base portions permits solid bonding and increase surface area in contact with the heat exchanger tube to increase overall heat transfer. The flat configuration of the top and bottom base portions or crests also provides a better and more stable connection than prior art fins having rounded crests.
The top and bottom base portions generally comprise elongated, flat sections that extend transversely at an angle with respect to the longitudinal length of the fin member. The base portions are formed of staggered sections, that may comprise either rectangles or squares, in order to longitudinally offset the side edges of the fins. This permits dense packaging of the fins and their side edges to fully meet and engage oncoming air in order to improve heat flux.
In that regard, the fins preferably extend at a generally perpendicular angle (about 90°) with respect to the junction with the top and bottom base portions. The fins then extend completely between the top and bottom heat exchanger tubes to maximize heat transfer. This configuration also prevents formation of “passage ways” that could otherwise allow air to pass through the fin without contacting any of the fin or tube surfaces.
In an embodiment, the fins are slightly bowed or generally have an arcuate shape as they extend between the top and bottom base portions. The bowed fins impart flexibility to the fin array. Due to this flexibility, the fin stack can be pressed to adjust for variances in the tolerances of the tubes positioned between the fin arrays. This guarantees good contact between each fin array and each tube throughout the assembly regardless of minor variations in tube tolerances throughout the assembly.
The inventive fin array of the present invention can advantageously be manufactured without the use of shearing devices or associated lubrication oils, which otherwise can make the manufacturing process unduly complicated, expensive, and harmful to the environment. In particular, the method of manufacturing the inventive heat array includes providing a flat sheet of fin stock and then positioning the fin stock between chisel and an anvil. The chisel is then pressed or impacted into the fin stock so that the chisel penetrates the fin stock to about 40 to 90 percent of the thickness of the fin stock in order to define a cut pattern along the length of the fin stock. In all metallic fin stock materials, the chisel shape does not penetrate entirely through the material since lateral forces applied by the chisel to the fin material will exceed the ultimate strength of the remaining fin material which will then split through completely. The cut pattern thus achieving the plurality of top base portions, bottom base portions, and fin sets extending between the top and bottom base portions.
By using an chiseling method of forming the cut pattern on the fin stock, the method of the present invention avoids use of shears and lubricants such as in the prior art processes of forming fin arrays.
After the cut pattern is formed on the fin stock, the fin stock is bent by passing the fin stock through a pair of star rollers or other similar device. The fin stock is thus bent into a serpentine pattern so that the top base portions extend in a common top plane, the bottom base portions extend in a common bottom plane, and the fin stock extend between and connect adjacent ones at the top and bottom base portions. At this stage in the manufacturing process, the fin extends at an angle greater than 90° with respect to the top and bottom portions to permit the fin stock to roll off of and be removed from the star rollers or other forming device.
In an embodiment where the fins have a slightly bowed or arcuate configuration, the star roller or other similar device may include lobed wheels for imparting a bow to each of the individual fins. The lobed wheels impart bows that are in opposite directions for each succeeding fin set such that, when the entire fin array is folded, the fins within each fin set will all have bows in the same direction and of equal degree.
After passing through the star rollers, the fin stock is in an uncompressed fin member shape with the fins being angled with respect to the top and bottom base portions. The fin stock is then placed in a compression device where the ends of the fin stock are urged together until the fins extend generally perpendicular (about 90°) with respect to the top and bottom base portions. The manufacturing of the fin stock into the completed one piece fin member is then complete.
In addition to avoiding the complexity, cost, and environmental concerns of prior art manufacturing processes, the method of the present invention provides a further advantage in that the impact step of forming the cut pattern in the fin stock results in the fins having serrated or roughened edges. The roughened or serrated edges on the fins have increased surface area on a microscopic level and thus improve heat flux with the surrounding environment.
In an embodiment of the fin array having slightly bowed or arcuate fins, this flexible fin array is also highly advantageous in that it accounts for and compensates for variances in the tolerances of the tubes that are interposed between the fin arrays. The fin array is preferably formed to have a fin height that is higher than the highest tolerance allowed between the tubes in the final heat exchanger assembly, and the fin arrays are then compressed between the tubes due to the springiness or flexibility of the slightly bowed or arcuate fins. This compression of the fin array ensures good contact between the fins and the tubes, and thus facilitates and increases heat transfer between the fins and tubes. This also permits the fin arrays, or even individual fins within the arrays, to compensate for variances in the tolerances of the tubes. This fin array is significantly advantageous over prior art fin arrays wherein the fin height of the entire fin array was required to be uniform, whereas individual fin sets, or even individual fins, within the inventive fin array can be adjusted to compensate for variations in the tolerances in the tubes in the final heat exchanger assembly.
In an embodiment, the fins are also slightly bowed or arcuate along the horizontal width or cross sections of the fins. These fins form a plurality of slightly bowed or cupped columns along the fin array. The slightly bowed or cupped fins provide significantly greater vertical or column strength to the fin array than prior art fins that are flat in cross section. Accordingly, during assembly and application of pressure to secure the fins to the tubes prior to brazing, the improved fins having a curved or cupped cross section provide enhanced column strength to prevent inadvertent collapse of the fin array during the assembly process.
In such an embodiment with cupped fins, the fins may also derive further column strength from the manufacturing process by which the fins are formed. In particular, the use of a chisel and anvil to cut the fin pattern into the fin material described above results in work hardening of the edges of the fin. This work hardening further enhances the column strength of the cupped or curved fins. Additionally, the fins may be passed through two pinch rollers after the cutting process to somewhat flatten the cupped fins so that they only have a slightly bowed or arcuate shape. This process results in the fins still having a cupped cross section that further enhances the column strength of the fin but also imparts additional strength due to the additional work hardening performed during the rolling process.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings in a vehicle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a perspective view of a prior art heat exchanger assembly in the form of a condenser for an air conditioning system.
FIG. 2
is a perspective view of a prior art fin array including louvers.
FIG. 3
is a perspective view looking down on the top and side of the improved fin array of the present invention.
FIG. 4
is a front, somewhat perspective view, illustrating the improved fin array of the present invention in an uncompressed condition.
FIG. 5
is a front, somewhat perspective view, illustrating the improved fin array of the present invention in an uncompressed condition.
FIG. 6
is a schematic side view illustrating the step of scoring a sheet of fin stock for forming the improved fin array of the present invention.
FIG. 7
is a schematic side view illustrating the step of scoring a sheet of fin stock for forming the improved fin array of the present invention.
FIG. 8
is a top view of a scored piece of fin stock used for forming the improved fin array of the present invention and includes an enlarged view of some of the scored pattern.
FIG. 9
is a schematic side view showing the step of passing the fin stock through a pair of star rollers to form the fin array of the present invention.
FIG. 10
is a schematic top view of the star rollers shown in FIG.
9
and used to form the fin stock into the improved fin array of the present invention.
FIG. 11
is generally a perspective view of an improved fin array of the present invention including bowed fins.
FIG. 12
is a schematic side view illustrating the step of scoring the fin stock around an individual fin that has a slightly curved or arcuate cross section.
FIG. 13
is a top view schematically illustrating a cross section of one staggered row of fins in an embodiment of the fin array of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to
FIGS. 3-5
, the numeral
30
generally designates the improved fin array of the present invention. The fin array
30
comprises an elongated one-piece fin member
31
having a longitudinal axis or length L. The fin array
30
can advantageously be used as a more efficient substitute to the fin array
20
or
21
shown in the prior art condenser structures in
FIGS. 1 and 2
. While the inventive fin array
30
can advantageously be used in such condensers, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the improved fin array can be used in a variety of different heat exchanger assemblies within the scope of this invention.
The one-piece fin member
31
is comprised of a serpentine pattern of alternating top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
. A plurality of fin sets generally designated at
34
extend between and connect adjacent ones of the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
. Each of the fin sets
34
includes a plurality of individual fins
35
to maximize heat transfer with ambient air.
The top base portions
32
are all positioned in a common flat top plane and the bottom base portion
33
are also disposed in a common flat bottom plane. The flat construction of the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
, as compared to the rounded crests
22
of a traditional fin array, permit a solid bond to be formed within an adjacent heat exchanger tube
14
. The top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
also maximize surface area contact with the tube
14
due to their flat (as opposed to rounded) configuration, which further maximizes heat transfer between the fins and the tubes.
As shown in the figures, the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
comprise elongated flat sections that extend transversely at an angle with respect to the longitudinal length of the one piece fin member
31
. Generally, the angle designated with an X in
FIG. 3
is about 45° but may fall generally within a range of about 15° to 18°. Along this generally transverse line, the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
comprise a plurality of staggered segments
36
generally having a quadrilateral configuration such as in the form of either a rectangle or a square, but other shapes may be employed. The segments
36
are connected to each other in a staggered fashion to form the top and bottom bases
32
and
33
. The segments
36
also include ends
36
a
that merge into fins
35
and the segments
36
generally have a width equal to the width of two of said fins
35
. The fins
35
can then project downwardly from opposed ends
36
on each side of each of the segments
36
in a staggered fashion as shown in the drawings.
In the embodiment given in the drawings, each of the fin sets
34
comprises eight individual fins
35
extending between the adjacent ones of the top and bottom base portion
32
and
33
. However, the fin sets
34
may generally include between one and twenty individual fins
35
or more depending upon the application. It will be also understood by those skilled in the art that the number of fins contained within each fin set may be varied considerably depending upon the size and nature of the particular application for which the fin array
30
is used.
Each of the fins
35
includes top and bottom edges
35
a
and
35
b
respectively merged with top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
. The fins
35
also include a pair of top and bottom faces
35
c
and
35
d
and a pair of side edges
35
e
and
35
f
. The side edges
35
e
and
35
f
extend between and connect the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
.
Due to the angled transverse alignment of the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
, each of the fins
35
within a fin set
34
has its side edges
35
e
and
36
f
longitudinally offset with respect to the edges
35
e
and
35
f
of all of the other fins
35
in each fin set
34
. The offset positioning of the fins
35
and side edges
35
e
and
35
f
maximizes heat transfer of the fins
35
with the ambient air because the offset fin edges provide maximum exposure to the air and the fins do not block air with respect to each other. The edges
35
e
and
35
f
of the fins
35
, as well as the front and rear faces
35
c
and
35
d
, are preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal length L of the fin member to maximize air flow and to keep air side pressure drop to a minimum across the fins
35
. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the fins
35
could be angled with respect to how each fin
35
presents itself to the air depending upon the particular application for which the fin array
30
is intended.
The fins
35
have fin ends
35
a
and
35
b
that extend generally perpendicularly from and merge with the side edges
36
a
of the segments
36
of the top and bottom connecting portions
32
and
33
. The angle at the juncture between the base portions and the fins
35
is generally designated with a Y in the drawings. The angle Y between the base portions
32
and
33
and fins
35
is preferably perpendicular or generally 90° so that the fins
35
extend completely between the top and bottom base portions and the adjacent tubes brazed or otherwise connected to the base portions
32
and
33
. This maximizes heat transfer between the fins
35
and the heat exchanger tubes
14
. Because the fins
35
extend completely between the adjacent tubes
14
, the fins
35
also do not define bypass portions such as found at the top and bottom of the louvered fins shown in FIG.
2
and described above.
FIG. 4
shows the fin array
30
in an uncompressed state just prior to completion of manufacture of the fin array
30
. In such uncompressed condition, the fin array
30
is substantially complete as described in connection with
FIG. 3
except that the fins
35
form an angle greater than 90° with the top and bottom connecting portions
32
and
33
. However,
FIG. 4
makes it easier to see the individual components that make up the final fin array structure
30
.
The fin array
30
is preferably made of a metallic material such as aluminum, copper, or other suitable heat exchanger materials. In condenser application such as shown in
FIG. 1
, the fin array
30
may be comprised of rolled aluminum fin stock or other suitable materials. While these materials are believed to be desirable, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other suitable or appropriate heat exchanger materials could be used to form the fin array
30
.
FIGS. 4-10
generally show the method of making the inventive fin array
30
. Referring to
FIG. 8
, the method involves first providing an elongate piece of fin stock generally designated at
40
in
FIGS. 6-8
. The fin stock
40
is positioned between a chisel
41
and an anvil
42
as show in FIG.
6
. The chisel
42
is then pressed or impacted into the fin stock
40
over the anvil
42
so that the chisel
42
penetrates the fin stock
40
to between about 40 to 90 percent of its thickness T to a depth D. This chiseling action fractures the remaining thickness of fin stock
40
as designated at
43
. The chisel
41
and anvil
42
are used to define a cut pattern
44
on the flat fin stock
40
as shown in FIG.
8
. It should be understood that the term “chisel” refers to various forms of rotary dies on which a pattern of chisel-like edges have been machined. The cut pattern
44
defines the top base portions
32
, the bottom base portions
33
, and the fin sets
34
comprised of individual fins
30
therebetween on the fin stock.
Advantageously, during the above-described impacting process of forming the cut pattern
44
on the fin stock
40
, the chisel
41
and anvil
42
never come into contact. Thus, no lubrication is required such as in prior art shearing processes. Thus, this manufacturing method avoids the expensive use of lubricants, the expensive step of removing the lubricant from the heat exchanger components and the expense associated with the environment and any dangerous byproducts from the lubrication removal process. Tool life is also expected to be greater since close tolerance of shearing edges are not required in this type of cutting.
After the cut pattern
45
is formed on the fin stock
40
, the fin stock
40
is bent to form the fin array in the uncompressed state shown in
FIG. 4
by passing the fin stock
40
through a pair of star rollers
45
shown in FIG.
8
. The star rollers
45
are generally known in the art for forming serpentine patterns in pieces of fin stock
40
. The star rollers
45
used in conjunction with the present method are different in that they are comprised of a plurality of individual star rollers
46
that include offset portions
47
for forming the offset fins
35
in the fin stock
40
. The star rollers
45
are designed to create an angle Y between the fins
35
and the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
that is greater than 90° so that the fin stock
40
will easily roll off of the star rollers
45
during the manufacturing process. If the star rollers were designed to impart an angle of 90° between the fins
35
and the top and bottom base portion
32
and
33
, it is believed that the star rollers could become trapped within the 90° angle of the components.
After passing through the star rollers
45
, the fin stock
40
is in the uncompressed shape of a semi-complete fin member
31
shown in FIG.
4
. Thereafter, the fin member
31
is placed in a compression device
48
, which includes platform
49
and a pair of presses
50
. The presses
50
are used to compress the ends of the fin member
31
until the fins
35
are all extending at an angle of approximately 90° with respect to the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
.
As shown in
FIG. 8
, the cut pattern
44
includes slices or cuts
51
between the fins
35
and the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
. The cuts or slices
51
ensure a square bend between the fins
35
and the top and bottom bases
32
and
33
and avoid formation of rounded crests such as in the prior art. The cuts or slices
51
may be to the same depth as the cuts used to form the fins
35
but do not cover the entire width of fins
35
. Instead, the cuts or slices
51
may be about 40% to 60% of the width of the fins
35
. The purpose for this partial cut is to cause the material to bend at that point (in the star roller) but not to break apart, thus maintaining the interior of the fin set.
After the compression device
48
is used to form 90° bends between the fins
35
and the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
, the fin array
30
is then complete as shown in FIG.
3
. The fin array
30
can then be brazed or otherwise bonded to tubes
14
to form a completed heat exchanger assembly.
The process of using the chisel
41
and anvil
42
to create fractured cuts between the fins
35
results in the fins
35
having serrated or otherwise rough edges
35
e
and
35
f
. The serrated or rough edges
35
e
and
35
f
, at least on a microscopic level, have a greater surface area than shear cut fin edges. Thus, the serrated edges with the greater surface area provide for increased heat transfer between the fin edges and the ambient air.
FIG. 11
illustrates an alternate embodiment of the fin array
30
′. The fin array
30
′ is substantially similar to the fin array
30
and includes top and bottom portions
32
′ and
33
′ with a plurality of fin sets
34
′ extending therebetween. The main difference is that the fin sets
34
′ include slightly bowed or arcuate individual fins
35
′ rather than straight fins
35
. The slightly bowed or arcuate fins
35
′ project generally perpendicularly from the top and bottom portions
32
′ and
33
′, but are bowed along their lengths between the top and bottom portions
32
′ and
33
′. As shown in
FIG. 11
, the slightly bowed or arcuate fins
35
′ are all preferably bowed in the same direction and slightly bowed or arcuate to the same degree.
The fin array
30
′ having slightly bowed or arcuate fins
35
′ is particularly advantageous because it imparts flexibility to the fin array
30
′ for accommodating slight adjustments due to variances in the tolerances of the tubes that extend between the fin arrays. While it is envisioned that the fin array of the present invention will have little or no tolerance variation, the tubes that are interposed between the fin arrays will still have tolerance variations. To help adjust to these tolerances of the tubes, the fin array
30
′ has a certain degree of flexibility due to the slightly bowed or arcuate fins
30
′. The fin heights are preferably designed with the bows such that the completed fin array will be higher than the highest tolerance allowed between adjacent tubes in the final exchanger assembly. When the fins arrays
30
′ are then assembled between the tubes, the fin arrays
30
′ will be slightly compressed between the tubes, which will guarantee a snug contact between the fin arrays and the tubes. This improved contact also facilitates heat transfer between the fin arrays and the tubes. As the fin arrays
30
′ are compressed between the tubes, this arrangement ensures good contact between the fins and tubes throughout the assembly regardless of variations in the tube tolerances that occur throughout the assembly.
In order to manufacture the fin array
30
′ with the slightly bowed or arcuate fins
35
′, the same process can be used as described above except that the star roller or other similar mechanism will include lobed wheels. The lobed wheels on the star rollers will form bows in opposite directions for each succeeding fin segment such that, when the entire fin set is complete, all of the bows will be in the same direction and of an equal amount.
In manufacturing the fin array
30
′, the individual fins
35
′ will have some springiness and thus there should be some control over registration of the precut fins as they pass through the fin folding equipment. The springiness of the fins allows the material to be stretched by varying amounts as it enters the folding equipment and the springiness can be used to maintain the registration of the material through the process. The registration can be controlled by notching the fins every few feet, and the notches will allow light operated scanners to control the amount of stretch required to keep the precut fin material properly registered through the bowing and folding equipment.
Referring to
FIGS. 12 and 13
, an alternate embodiment of the configuration of the individual fins
35
is shown in the form of cupped fin
35
″. The slightly bowed or cupped fins
35
″ are formed as described above using chisels
41
and anvils
42
to form score lines along each side of the fin, and the impacting process causes the fin
35
″ to have a slightly bowed or cupped cross section. The slightly bowed or cupped cross section of the fin extends along the horizontal width of the fins
35
″ and provides significantly greater column strength than fins that are flat along their horizontal width or in cross section.
As shown in
FIG. 13
, a plurality of slightly bowed or cupped fins
35
″ form one of the rows of fins in the fin array. As shown, the fins
35
″ have a slight bow that forms an arcuately shaped cup in the horizontal direction or cross section of the fin in order to form a curved column. These curves or cupped fins
35
″ are significantly stronger than fins that a straight or flat cross section in order to resist collapse or bending when they are compressed between rows of tubes in the final assembly process of the heat exchanger assembly.
The fins
35
″ add additional column strength to their structure due to the fact that the chisels
41
an anvils
42
are used to score or fracture the edges of the fins
35
′ during the manufacturing process. The process of working the fin
35
″ with the chisel and anvils
41
and
42
work hardens the edges of the materials to impart further column strength to the fins
35
″.
In order to impart additional column strength to the fins
35
″, the fins
35
″ can be passed through a standard set of pinch rollers after the scoring process in order to slightly flattened the curved or cupped fins
35
″. The final fins
35
″ will still have a slightly bowed or cupped construction, with a slight flatten of the fins
35
″ and a set of rollers will additionally work harden the fins. This additional work harden to the fins will further increase the column strength of the fins
35
″ in the final assembly.
The design of the fin array
30
of the present invention maximizes heat transfer by providing a plurality of offset fin cutting edges to maximize contact with the air and to maximize heat flux with the ambient air. The flat configuration of the top and bottom base portions
32
and
33
also improves heat transfer by increasing the surface area and contact with the tube and by permitting the fins
35
to run completely between the adjacent tubes. Because the fin array
30
of the present invention maximizes heat transfer, the fin array permits smaller overall size of the completed heat exchanger, which thus saves on material, space and cost. The method of manufacturing the inventive fin array
35
is also advantageous in that it avoids the expensive and complex shearing operations and lubrications required in forming prior art fin arrays.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art.
Claims
- 1. A fin array for a heat exchanger assembly comprising:an elongated serpentine one-piece fin member having top and bottom base portions that comprise a plurality of flat staggered segments that extend transversely at an angle with respect to the longitudinal length of the one-piece fin member, with a fin set extending between adjacent ones of said top and bottom base portions; each of said fin sets including a plurality of fins each having side edges facing generally perpendicular to a longitudinal length of said one-piece fin member and being longitudinally offset with respect to each other, each of said plurality of fins being slightly bowed between said top and bottom base portions.
- 2. The fin array of claim 1 in which said top and bottom base portions are generally flat.
- 3. The fin array of claim 1 in which said segments comprise either a rectangle or a square.
- 4. The fin array of claim 1 in which said segments each have a width substantially equal to a width of two of the fins in the fin sets.
- 5. The fin array of claim 1 in which each of said segments includes ends merging into ends of respective ones of said fins in said fin sets, and in which a juncture between said segments and said fins includes a score line to facilitate bending between the segments and the fins.
- 6. The fin array of claim 1 in which each of said fins in said fin sets has top and bottom surfaces extending generally transverse to the longitudinal length of said one-piece fin member.
- 7. The fin array of claim 1 in which each of said fins in said fin sets defines a gap between an adjacent one of said fins.
- 8. The fin array of claim 1 in each of said fin sets includes one to twenty fins.
- 9. The fin array of claim 1 in which said side edges of said fins are serrated to improve heat flux with a surrounding environment.
- 10. The fin array of claim 1 in which each of said fins has a slightly arcuate cross section.
- 11. A heat transfer assembly comprising:a pair of tubular headers defining a plurality of slots; a plurality of tubes extending between said headers and heaving ends inserted into said slots on said headers; a plurality of elongated one-piece fin members extending between said headers and being positioned along said plurality of tubes, each of said elongated one-piece fin members defining a serpentine pattern of alternating top and bottom base portions connected together by fin sets extending between adjacent ones of said top and bottom base portions, said fin sets each including a plurality of slightly bowed individual fins; and said top and bottom base portions being comprised of a plurality of staggered flat sections that extend transversely at an angle with respect to the longitudinal length of the one-piece fin member.
- 12. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which each of said plurality of fins has side edges facing generally perpendicular to a longitudinal length of said one-piece fin member and being longitudinally offset with respect to each other.
- 13. The heat transfer assembly claim 11 in which said segments comprise either a rectangle or a square.
- 14. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which said segments each have a width substantially equal to a width of two of the fins in the fin sets.
- 15. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which each of said segments include ends merging into ends of respective ones of said fins in said fin sets, and in which a juncture between said segments and said fins includes a score line to facilitate bending between the segments and the fins.
- 16. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which each of said fins in said fin sets has top and bottom surfaces extending generally transverse to the longitudinal length of said one-piece fin member.
- 17. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which each of said fins in said fin sets defines a gap between an adjacent one of said fins.
- 18. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in each of said fin sets includes one to twenty fins.
- 19. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which said side edges of said fins are serrated to improve heat flux with a surrounding environment.
- 20. The heat transfer assembly of claim 11 in which each of said fins has a slightly arcuate cross section.
- 21. A method of making a fin array for a heat exchanger assembly comprising:providing a flat sheet of elongated fin stock; positioning said fin stock between a chisel and an anvil; pressing said chisel on said fin stock so that said chisel penetrates said fin stock to between about 40 and 90 percent of a thickness of the fin stock in order to define a cut pattern along a length of said fin stock, said cut pattern defining a plurality of top base portions, bottom base portions, and fin sets extending between the top and bottom base portions; and bending said elongated fin stock along said cut pattern to form a serpentine pattern so that said top base portions extend in a top plane, said bottom base portions extend in a bottom plane, and said fin sets extend between and connect adjacent ones of said top and bottom base portions to form a one-piece fin member, said fin sets being least to include a plurality of slightly bowed individual fins.
- 22. The method of claim 21 in which said bending step further comprises bending said each of said plurality of individual fins to have side edges positioned perpendicular to a longitudinal length of said fin member and being longitudinally offset with respect to each other.
- 23. The method of claim 21 in which said bending step further includes bending said top and bottom base portions to comprise flat sections that extend transversely at an angle with respect to a longitudinal length of said one-piece fin member.
- 24. The method of claim 21 in which bending step comprises bending said fin sets to include a plurality of fins that extend at an angle to said top and bottom base to form an uncompressed fin member and said method includes the further step of compressing said uncompressed fin member so that said fins extend at about a 90° angle from said top and bottom connecting portions.
- 25. The method of claim 21 in which said pressing step includes pressing said fin stock so that a plurality of fins in each of said fin sets includes serrated side edges to improve heat flux with a surrounding environment.
- 26. The method of claim 21 in which said pressing and bending steps include forming each of said fin sets to include one to twenty separate fins.
- 27. The method of claim 21 in which said of pressing said chisel to form said cut pattern includes pressing the chisel on each side of each of said fins in order to impart a slightly arcuate cross section to each of said fins.
- 28. The method of claim 21 in which said method includes the further step of passing said fins stock to a pair of rollers to slightly flatten, and additionally work harden, said fins having a slightly arcuate cross section.
US Referenced Citations (7)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
58-45495 |
Mar 1983 |
JP |