Finely divided, precipitated silica with high structure, method of its preparation and use

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
The present invention relates to a finely divided silica with high structure, a method of preparing the silica and the use of the silica as a delustering agent in films of the paint, lacquer, varnish and enamel type.
It is known that the delustering capacity of a silica depends on various factors such as e.g. the type of silica, the particle size, the refraction index and also on the vehicle system. Particle form and particle-size distribution of the secondary particles as well as the total effective specific particle volume are of particular significance.
A number of other requirements are placed on delustering silicas in addition to high efficiency, expressed by the reduction of the degree of glossiness in comparison to a non-matte paint film. Thus, for example, the drying behavior of the film coatings should not be adversely affected, no excessive thickening of the paint coating system should occur and the scratch resistance of the film coatings should not be lowered by the silica added. The behavior in suspension of the silica is an important point. The tendency of silica to settle and to form hard sediment which can only be stirred up again with difficulty can be prevented or at least improved by a number of measures. Thus, for example, DE-AS 15 92 865 describes the impregnation of silica during the preparation process by means of wax emulsions.
The addition of synthetic silica as delustering agent is known. See for example the publications:
EPO-Patent 0,008,613
German Patent 24 14 478
German DAS 17 67 332
German OLS 16 69 123
German DAS 15 92 865.
Numerous methods of preparing synthetic silica are also known (cf. Ferch in "Chem.-Ing.-Techn." 48, pp. 922-33 (1976)).
According to German Patent 24 14 478, aerogel-like delustering agents can be obtained by the structuring of pyrogenically prepared silica. To this end, pyrogenic silica is moistened with alkaline adjusted water, ground and dried. This procedure of preparing delustering agents is complicated and expensive.
The delustering agent according to German Patent 24 14 478 is an excellent delustering agent. However, it has the disadvantage that it thickens the film compositions too heavily. A solvent must therefore be added in addition for working with a spray gun to facilitate application of the films to a surface to be coated.
A wax-coated precipitated silica acid is prepared according to the process described in DE-PS 15 92 865 and is used as delustering agent. This delustering agent has the disadvantage, however, that the paints prepared with it exhibit an undesirable blue bloom on dark surfaces.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a finely divided precipitated silica of high structure with certain desired characteristics and especially to achieve a great savings of solvent while retaining the desired delustering action.
Another object of the invention is to prepare a wax-coated delustering agent which does not exhibit a blue bloom and has a better delustering action.
In more particular detail, an object of the present invention is to provide finely divided precipitated silica with a high structure and the following characteristics:
______________________________________BET surface (DIN 66132) between 150 and 350 m.sup.2 /gStamping density (DIN 53194) between 60 and 120 g/lDBP number between 3.0 and 4.0 ml/gParticle size distribution at least 70% from 1 to 6 .mu.m(measured with a Coultercounter)(The determination isperformed according toDE-PS 17 67 332, column 2,lines 30-64.)______________________________________
In order to determine the particle size with a Coulter counter, approximately 0.5 g silica acid are dispersed in 50 ml isotonic solution of common salt (0.5% NaCl and 0.089% Na.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7 .multidot.10 M.sub.2 O in distilled water) with a magnetic stirrer and subsequently treated for 1 minute with supersonics (200 watts). This suspension is added to 200 ml isotonic solution of common salt and agitated.
A measuring capillary tube is immersed into the agitated suspension and an electric field is applied thereto. When the particles pass through the measuring capillary tube, the electric field is varied as a function of the particle size.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide a method for preparing finely divided precipitated silica with a high structure processing the following characteristics:
______________________________________BET surface (DIN 66 132) of 150 to 350 m.sup.2 /gStamping density (DIN 53 194) between 60 and 120 g/lDBP number between 3.0 and 4.0 ml/gParticle size distribution at least 70% from 1 to 6 .mu.m.______________________________________
The method of the invention is characterized by forming a mixture of water and sodium silicate which is then heated under agitation to a temperature of 70.degree. to 80.degree. C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is then dosed into this mixture until half of the alkali (sodium) present has been neutralized. The reaction mixture is treated by a shearing unit and, optionally, the temperature raised at the same time to 86.degree..+-.5.degree. C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added after a waiting period of 30 to 120 minutes at a rather high rate of addition until the pH of the silica suspension produced is 3.0 to 3.5. The silica suspension is optionally diluted with water and the coarse portion optionally separated by a centrifugal pump and a hydrocyclone. The silica is filtered off by known filter devices and the resulting silica filter cake is washed free of sulfate. Then, the silica filter cake is redispersed with the addition of water using an agitator unit to form a suspension with a solid content of 80.+-.10 g/l. Alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride is optionally added to this suspension, and the suspension obtained in this manner is spray-dried. The recovered dried product can then be ground, if desired.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In carrying out the present invention, silica particles are prepared with particle diameters in a particle-size range of 1 to 6 .mu.m. Particles smaller that 1 .mu.m are ineffective for delustering purposes and generally cause an undesirable thickening of the film vehicle. On the other hand, particles which are too large result in a disadvantageous roughness of the surface in the finished film coating. The object is to control appropriate particle sizes during the precipitation reaction and to retain these chosen particle sizes by suitable measures until the desired finished product is obtained. In order to assure that all particles find the same conditions of growth, the entire charge of water glass starting material is put into a receiver at the beginning of the process for production. The addition of sulfuric acid is performed in two steps. In the first step, the addition of acid is measured in such a manner that the silica begins to flocculate after the end of the first stage of the addition of the acid. During this growth phase, in order to prevent an excessive particle growth, shearing is performed in addition to the agitation. The addition of acid remains interrupted until the desired particle spectrum has been achieved. Subsequently, the remaining alkali content of the water glass is neutralized in a second stage, during which shearing is continued. After a slightly acidic pH has been achieved, the precipitation reaction is terminated.
The concentrated sulfuric acid used for purposes of the present invention is conventional and, for example, is in the range of D=1.75 to 1.85 and 90 to 97% by weight.
The silica suspension is worked up and conditioned in the customary manner. There is the possibility that hard and coarse particles are produced in the course of the reaction by local excess acidifying. These undesired particles can be removed from the suspension with the aid of a hydrocyclone. The filtration of the suspension is performed e.g. with a plate-and-frame press in which the filter cake is washed free of sulfate. The washed filter cake is redispersed in water, a cationic tenside is optionally added and the product is then spray-dried. The cationic tenside (surfactant) brings about a displacement of the water from the particle surface thereby even in the aqueous phase, which suppresses to a great extent the shrinking process which takes place during the drying process. In this manner, it is possible to prevent the particles from clumping together to rather large, solid formations during drying. Depending on the desired degree of fineness, the silica can be used as is or additionally ground. As a result of the procedure described herein, a light grinding is sufficient, that is, only little grinding energy need be expended in order to disagglomerate the particles again.
The precipitated silica of the present invention can be used as delustering agent in a wide variety of film coatings such as paints, varnishes, lacquers and the like.
It has the advantage that no additional solvent need be used.
In order to improve the sedimenting behavior of the silica products in coating film compositions, an impregnation with emulsions is carried out in accordance with the disclosure of DE-PS 15 92 865, incorporated herein by reference.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a precipitated silica which is coated by an emulsion and prepared from the precipitated silica in accordance with the present invention. In this aspect of the invention, the coating can take place according to the known method of DE-PS 15 92 865 which corresponds to U.K. Patent 1,236,775, the entire disclosure of which is relied on and incorporated by reference.
The coated precipitated silica exhibits a carbon content of 1 to 8% by weight in addition to the same physical and chemical characteristic data of the uncoated precipitated silica.
In one embodiment of the invention, the precipitated silica can be coated by a silicon oil emulsion.
This precipitated silica can be used as delustering agent in paints, varnishes, lacquers and the like.
In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the precipitated silica can be coated by a polyethylene wax emulsion.
This precipitated silica product can be used as delustering agent in paints, varnishes, lacquers and the like.
It is especially advantageous that the precipitated silica coated with the wax emulsion does not generate a blue bloom in the paint surfaces.
All manner of film forming components can be combined with the delustering agents of the invention.
The following examples serve to illustrate the details of the present invention.
The method of the invention is carried out in known apparatuses.
The core of the precipitation apparatus used herein is a hard-rubberized, double-jacketed vessel with a volume of 120 liters which is provided with an agitator mechanism. Potential agitators suitable for the invention are e.g. anchor mixers, straight-arm paddle agitators or turbines. The reaction vessel can be heated with oil as heat carrier and thermostatted via the double jacket. A discharge pipe or tube is fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel which pipe comprises a branch line in front of the bottom discharge valve. This branch runs to a shearing unit (Dispax reactor) with which the content of the reaction vessel can be rotated. The rotated precipitation suspension can be reintroduced into the top of the reaction vessel via the pipeline fixed to the pressure side of the shearing unit. The addition of water glass takes place either via a dosing pump from a storage vessel or directly from a vat by a vat pump. The sulfuric acid is dosed from a storage vessel by a dosing pump.
The precipitation suspension is pumped for filtration with the aid of a positive-displacement pump into a plate-and-frame press on which the filter cake produced is washed free of sulfate with water.
The washed filter cake is either placed on metal sheets and dried in a drying oven or is dispersed in water and spray-dried.
The dried silica can be subsequently ground. The product dried in a drying oven must generally be pre-ground in a toothed-disk mill before the fine grinding by means of a pin mill or air-jet mill. The spray-dried product can either be used directly or subjected to a fine grinding.
The efficiency of the non-coated precipitation silica prepared according to Examples 1-6 is compared in a black baking varnish with the product prepared according to DE-PS 24 14 478. In addition to the solvent requirement, the degree of glossiness according to Lange at a reflection angle of 60.degree. and the grindometer value according to Hegman are evaluated.
For the determination of the degree of glossiness, which is a measure for the delustering power of the tested delustering silica, the gloss meter according to B. Lange, which is often used in Germany, is used. The Lange gloss meter uses an angle of 45.degree. as incident and reflection angle. The measured degrees of glossiness are indicated in percents. The smaller their value, the better the delustering capacity of the silica tested, cr, in other words, the less delustering agent needs to be used in order to achieve a quite specific degree of gloss.
The determination of grindometer value is carried out with the aid of a grindometer. The grindometer value, which is measured in .mu., is a measure for the coarsest particles located in the finished, sprayable film composition mixture after the delustered silica has been stirred in. It can be related to the formation of specks in the dry paint film. The feared and undesired "spray grain" can be recognized with the aid of the grindometer.
The paint used has the following composition:
7.5 parts by weight paint prepaste Tack.RTM. 1
47 parts by weight fatty-acid modified alkyd resin 60% in xylene (Alftalat AR 481 m)
24 parts by weight melamine resin Maprenal MF 800 55% in isobutanol
6 parts by weight butanol
10.5 parts by weight xylene
1 part by weight silicon oil Baysilon paint additive OL 17 1% in xylene.
2.6 parts by weight product are worked in at a time. The working in is carried out by ten-minute agitation with a wing agitator at 2000 rpms. The paint is sprayed onto metal sheets in a dry layer approximately 30 .mu.m thick, air-dried and annealed 30 min. at 180.degree. C.
The values determined can be gained from table 2 below.

EXAMPLE 1
66 kg Water and 21 kg soda water glass (d=1.35 g/cm.sup.3 ; ratio SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O=3.3) are added into the precipitation vessel and the mixture heated under agitation to 75.degree. C. Concentrated sulfuric acid (d=1.83) is dosed into the precipitation mixture at a rate of 1.45 l/h. After 25 minutes of precipitation time, the shearing unit (Dispax reactor) is switched on. Shortly after the end of the addition of acid, silica begins to flocculate and the temperature of the precipitation is raised to 85.degree. C. The supply of acid is interrupted for 20 minutes (waiting stage). After 50 minutes, the further addition of acid takes place with 1.8 l/h over a period of 15 minutes. The silica suspension produced exhibits a pH of 3.4 thereafter. The shearing unit is then cut off.
The suspension is diluted with 28 l water and conveyed by means of a centrifugal pump with 4.5 bars supply pressure onto a hydrocyclone. The ratio of coarse material suspension to fine material suspension is 1:12.
The fine material suspension is passed over a plate-and-frame press and washed sulfate-free.
The washed filter cake is redispersed using an Ultra-Turrax with the addition of water in such a manner that a suspension of 80 g/l is produced. An alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (BARQUAT.RTM.) is added to the suspension, so that 0.8 g/l active substance is present in the suspension.
This suspension runs through a sieve with a mesh size of 120 .mu.m, which retains coarse foreign particles. The suspension is spray-dried immediately thereafter. The atomization takes place by means of a two-fluid nozzle.
The dried product has the following physical and chemical properties:
______________________________________pH (DIN 53200) 6.0Water content (DIN 4.8%Specific surface (DIN 66132) 272 m.sup.2 /gDBP absorption (ml/g) 3.7Stamping density (DIN 53194) 87 g/lParticle size distribution(Coulter counter)<1 .mu.m 5%1-6 .mu.m 84%>6 .mu.m 11%______________________________________
EXAMPLES 2-5
Precipitated silica is prepared as described in Example 1 with the sole difference that the time of the interruption of the addition of acid (equal to the waiting stage) is varied.
The physical and chemical data of the silica products obtained are ser forth in Table 1 below.
EXAMPLE 6
A precipitated silica is prepared as described in Example 1. In contrast to Example 1, the heating to 85.degree. C. during the second phase of the addition of acid is eliminated. The waiting stage is 30 minutes.
The physical and chemical data of the precipitated silica obtained in this was set forth in Table 1 below.
EXAMPLE 7
A precipitated silica is prepared as described in Example 1. In contrast to Example 1, the waiting stage is 60 minutes. After the end of precipitation, 3.4 kg of an emulsion of silicon oil are added into the precipitated silica suspension.
The emulsion is prepared as follows:
0.24 parts by weight Emulan AF are dissolved in 80 parts by weight water. 20 parts by weight Baysilon oil.RTM. AC 3031 are added under dispersion with an Ultra-Turrax.
The work-up of the precipitated silica suspension takes place as described in Example 1. The spray-dried precipitated silica is subsequently ground in an air-jet mill.
The physical and chemical data for this product are set forth in Table 3 below.
EXAMPLE 8
Coating with Polyethylene Wax Emulsion
A precipitated silica is prepared as described in Example 1. The waiting stage is 90 minutes. 45 l of the fine material suspension obtained is compounded with 625 g of a wax emulsion under agitation. The wax emulsion is prepared in an autoclave which can be heated with vapor and is provided with a dispenser. 4.8 parts by weight of an alkyl polyglycol ether (Marlowet.RTM. GFW) are first dissolved in 81.0 parts by weight water at approximately 100.degree. C. Then, 14.2 parts by weight low-pressure polyethylene wax are added and heated to 130.degree. C. When 130.degree. C. has been reached, the dispenser is turned on and the mixture dispersed for 30 minutes. During this time, the temperature is maintained between 130.degree. C. and 140.degree. C. After the dispenser has been turned off and the mixture cooled off to approximately 110.degree. C., the finished emulsion is discharged.
The polyethylene wax used is characterized by the following characteristics:
______________________________________Average molecular weight 1000Solidification point 100-104.degree. C.Drop point 110-117.degree. C.Density (g/cm.sup.3) 0.93.______________________________________
The precipitated silica suspension is worked up as described in Example 1. The spray-dried precipitated silica is then ground in an air-jet mill.
The physical and chemical data for this product are set forth in Table 3 below.
EXAMPLE 9
Coating with polyethylene wax emulsion
A precipitated silica is prepared as described in Example 1. The waiting stage is 90 minutes. 45 l of the fine material suspension obtained is compounded with 860 g of a wax emulsion under agitation. The wax emulsion is prepared in an autoclave which can be heated with vapor and is provided with a dispenser apparatus. 4.8 parts by weight of an alkyl polyglycol ether (Marlowet.RTM. GFW) are first dissolved in 81.0 parts by weight water at approximately 100.degree. C. Then, 14.2 parts by weight low-pressure polyethylene wax are added and heated to 130.degree. C. When 130.degree. C. has been reached, the dispenser is turned on and the mixture dispersed for 30 minutes. During this time, the temperature is maintained between 130.degree. C. and 140.degree. C. After the dispenser apparatus has been turned off and the mixture cooled off to approximately 110.degree. C., the finished emulsion is discharged.
The polyethylene wax used has the following characteristics:
______________________________________Average molecular weight 2700Solidification point 92-96.degree. C.Drop point 102-110.degree. C.Density (g/cm.sup.3) 0.92.______________________________________
The precipitated silica suspension is worked up as described in Example 1. The spray-dried precipitated silica is then ground in an air-jet mill.
The physical and chemical data are set forth in Table 3 below.
EXAMPLE 10
The technical applications capabilities of the precipitated silicas obtained according to examples 7,8 and 9 are compared in three test-paint formulations with a delustering agent prepared according to DE-PS 15 92 865. The data is compiled in Table 4 below.
The determination of the degree of glossiness is performed with gloss-measuring devices according to Lange and Gardner (ASTM D 523-53 T). According to Lange, the incidence and reflection angles are 45.degree., according to Gardner 60.degree. and 85.degree.. The grindometer value is determined according to ISO 1524 in black stoving lacquer.
The text-paint formulations and the method of procedure are described below.
A) Black stoving lacquer
______________________________________ parts by wt.______________________________________Paint prepaste TACK .RTM. 1 7.5Alkydal .RTM. R 40/60% in xylene 47.0Maprenal .RTM. MF 800/55% in isobutanol 24.0Butanol 5.0Ethyl glycol 3.0Xylene 8.5Butyl glycol 3.0Baysilon .RTM. oil OL 17 1% in xylene 2.0.______________________________________
5 g precipitated silica as the delustering agent are stirred into 100 g paint with a wing agitator at 2000 rpms for 8 minutes. The viscosity of the mixture is set with xylene to a discharge time of 20 seconds (Ford beaker, DIN 4 mm nozzle).
The paint is sprayed onto metal sheets in a dry layer approximately 30 m thick, air-dried and annealed 30 min. at 180.degree. C.
B) Polyester paint (UP paint)
______________________________________ parts by wt.______________________________________Roskydal .RTM. 500 A 36.0Roskydal .RTM. tix 18 4.0Tert. butyl catechol 1% in monostyrene 0.5Aerosil .RTM. 200 0.3Barite, ground 20.0Bayer titanium R-FD-1 10.5Green pigment 600 1.5Baysilon .RTM. oil OL 17 1% in toluene 2.0Ethyl acetate 6.0Monostyrene 18.4Octa-Soligen cobalt in toluene (2.2% Co) 0.8.______________________________________
6.5 g precipitated silica as the delustering agent are added to 100 g of this paint mixture before processing and dispersed 8 minutes at 2000 rpms with a wing agitator. The viscosity of the mixture is adjusted with ethyl acetate to a run-off time of 20 seconds (Ford beaker, DIN 4 mm-nozzle). The paint mixture is applied in layer thicknesses of approximately 80 .mu.m.
C) DD paint
______________________________________ parts by wt.______________________________________Desmophen .RTM. 800 10.0Desmophen .RTM. 1700 20.0NC-Chips E 730 4.0Butyl acetate 98% 18.0Ethyl glycol acetate 22.8Butoxyl 5.0Shellsol .RTM. A 20.0Baysilon oil OL 17 10% in xylene 0.2.______________________________________
10.8 g delustering agent and 36 g Desmodur.RTM. L/75% in ethyl acetate are added to 100 g of the above mixture and dispersed 8 minutes at 2000 rpms with a wing agitator. The mixture is adjusted with ethyl acetate to a run-out time of 18 seconds (DIN beaker, 4 mm nozzle according to DIN 53211). The application is performed in layer thicknesses of 30-40 .mu.m.
Table 4 shows that a distinct improvement of the delustering action can be determined in all test paint formulations over the state of the art.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Waiting Water Specific Stamping Grain-sizeStage Content surface DBP density distributionTime pH DIN 55921 DIN 66132 absorption DIN 53194 (Coulter counter)(min.) DIN 53200 (%) (m.sup.2 /g) (ml/g) (g/l) <1 .mu.m 1-6 .mu.m >6 .mu.m__________________________________________________________________________Example 1 20 6.0 4.8 272 3.7 87 5 84 11Example 2 30 6.0 5.3 300 3.8 80 7 85 8Example 3 45 5.2 5.7 239 3.7 82 10 85 5Example 4 60 5.8 6.4 244 3.4 86 15 84 1Example 5 90 5.9 3.9 278 3.8 76 15 83 2Example 6 30 6.4 7.7 316 3.8 103 3 84 13__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Parts by wt. Viscosity Solvent per DIN 4 mm processing Grindometer 5 = % gloss 60.degree.Product sec. consistency value in .mu.m length__________________________________________________________________________From Example 1 33 1.5 50 38.5From Example 2 33 1.5 37 40.5From Example 3 32 -- 28 42.5From Example 4 38 4.5 30 38.5From Example 5 31 -- 28 47.0From Example 6 33 -- 47 38.0Reference product 39 5.5 40 38.5according to DE-PS24 14 478__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ Water Specific Stamping Content surface DBP density pH DIN 55921 DIN 66132 absorption DIN 53194 Carbon DIN 53200 (%) (m.sup.2 /g) (ml/g) (/gl/) content (%)__________________________________________________________________________From Example 7 6.2 4.7 205 3.7 64 1.7From Example 8 6.7 4.9 213 3.5 83 3.5From Example 9 6.7 4.9 203 3.6 79 4.0__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ Black Stoving Varnish UP paint DD paint Grindometer Gloss 45.degree. Gloss 45.degree. Gloss 40.degree. Gloss 85.degree. Gloss 45.degree. Gloss 60.degree. Gloss 85.degree.Product value in .mu.m Lange Lange Gardner Gardner Lange Gardner Gardner__________________________________________________________________________From Example 7 28 2.5 17 26 49 5.5 9 18From Example 8a 30 2.5 8 13 22 6.5 10 17From Example 8b 30 2.5 13.5 21 40 4.5 9 13Delustering 26 4.5 44.5 59 86 22.5 36 68agent accordingto DE-PS 15 92 865__________________________________________________________________________
The trade designations used in the examples have the following meanings:
__________________________________________________________________________Paint prepaste Tack .RTM. 1 Product Composition (% by wt.)__________________________________________________________________________ Carbon black paste 1 18 pigment carbon black of class HCC 36 alkyd resin based on soya bean 46 solvent__________________________________________________________________________Alftalat AR 481 mCharacteristic: Short or medium oily, drying alkyd resins.Areas of application: Stoving varnishes and stoving firstcoats for metallic surfaces. Acid-hardening paints.Nitrocellulose combination paints. Alftalat AR 481 m__________________________________________________________________________ Composition of the 100% resin (approximate) Oil content (triglyceride) 48% Phthalic acid anhydride 39% Viscosity Run-out time 4, DIN 53211/ 29.degree. C. s 50-70 23.degree. C. s 40-60 Dynamic viscosity DIN 53177/ 20.degree. C. mPa.s 215-300 23.degree. C. mPa.s 175-250 Color value Iodine color value DIN 6162 mg I/100 cm.sup.3 <15 Gardner color standard <7 ASTM D 1544 Acid value mg KOH/g 25 DIN 53402 Density (delivered form) g/cm.sup. 3 approx. 1.02 20.degree. C. Content of non-volatile % approx. 60 portions DIN 53216 (2 g + 2 cm.sup.3 toluene/1 h 125.degree. C.) Flash point (delivered form) .degree.C. approx. 27 DIN 53213__________________________________________________________________________Maprenal MF 800Characteristic: Non-plasticizied, isobutyl-etherifiedmelamine formaldehyde resins. Maprenal MF 8 800__________________________________________________________________________ Viscosity (delivered form) Run-out time 4, DIN 53211/ 20.degree. C. s 60-90 23.degree. C. s 50-80 Dynamic viscosity DIN 53177/ 20.degree. C. mPa.s 250-430 23.degree. C. mPa.s 220-360 Color value (delivered form) Iodine color value DIN 6162 mg I/100 cm.sup.3 <1 Gardner color standard <1 ASTM D 1544 Acid value mg KOH/g <1 DIN 53402 Density g/cm.sup.3 approx. 0.99 20.degree. C. Gasoline compatibility cm.sup.3 /1 g 5-10 (n-heptane) DIN 53 187 melamine resin (delivered form) Content of non-volatile % approx. 55 components (delivered form) DIN 53216 (2 g + 2 cm.sup.3) Butanol/1 h 120.degree. C.) Flash point (delivered form) .degree.C. approx. 31 DIN 53 213__________________________________________________________________________Baysilone paint additive OL 17Polyether-modified methyl polysiloxane__________________________________________________________________________ Delivery tolerances: appearance clear, yellowish iodine color value, DIN 6162 max. 3 viscosity, DIN 53015 650-850 mPa.s 23.degree. C. Other characteristic density, DIN 53217 1.025-1.050 g/ml data: 20.degree. C. flash point, approx. 80 C. DIN 51758 surface tension, approx. 21 mN/m DIN 53914, 23.degree. C. with Harkins-Jordan correction refractive index, 1.447-1.451 23.degree. C. Solubility: gasoline hydrocarbons u/l benzene hydrocarbons l alcohols l esters l ketones l glycol ethers l glycol ether acetates l__________________________________________________________________________ explanations: l = soluble u = insoluble
Baysilon oil .RTM. AC 3031Chemical characterization polysiloxane diol Physical data__________________________________________________________________________ Melting temperature <-60.degree. C. (setting point) Softening temperature Boiling temperature above approx. 130.degree. C. Decomposition temperature .degree.C. pH approx. 7-8 (at 20 g/l water) Solubility in water insoluble at 20.degree. C. Intrinsic odor distinct intrinsic odor State (20.degree. C.) liquid Vapor pressure (20.degree. C.) <100 mbars Density (20.degree. C.) 0.98 g/ml__________________________________________________________________________Emulan AF__________________________________________________________________________ Chemical medium-highly ethoxylated fatty character alcohol, non-ionic Solubility Dissolves well and usually also (at 25.degree. C., 10%) clear in mineral oils, fatty oils, molten paraffins and fats. Dissolves clear in most organic solvents. Chemical character fatty alcohol ethoxylate Consistency like soft wax (room temperature) Acid value (DIN 53402) pract. 0 Saponification value pract. 0 (DIN 53 401) pH (1% aqueous solution 6-7.5 or dispersion) Active substance pract. 100% content Density (c/cm.sup.3) approx. 0.91 (20.degree. C.) (DIN 53757) (50.degree. C.) Viscosity (mPa.s) -- (20.degree. C.) (DIN 53015) Melting point approx. 42.degree. C. Solidification point -- Drop point (DGF M-III-3) -- Flash point (DIN 51758) approx. 190.degree. C. HLB value (W. C. Griffin) approx. 11 Chief active tendency oil in water (Emulsion type) Solubility tendency in mineral oil and polar organic media__________________________________________________________________________Alkydal R 40Short-oily alkyd resin based on ricin oil__________________________________________________________________________ Oil content/triglyceride approx. 40% Phthalic acid anhydride approx. 38% Density/20.degree. C. approx. 1.13 g/cm.sup.3 OH content 2.5% Delivery tolerance Iodine color number/50% solution max. 5 Acid value/solvent-free 20-30 Viscosity/20.degree. C. delivery form 3500-4500 mPa.s (cP) Flash point approx. 27.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________Roskydal 500 AUnsaturated polyester resin (glossy polyester), reactive,hardens hard Delivery tolerance.sup.1__________________________________________________________________________ Non-volatile portion 74-77% Hazen color max. 100 Acid value/delivery form 10-20 Viscosity/20.degree. C. 2200 . . . 2600 mPa.s Other data: Density/20.degree. C. approx. 1.12 g/cm.sup.3 Flash point approx. 37.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.1 test methods according to DIN 58184
Roskydal tix 18Thixotropic, unsaturated polyester resin (paraffin type),reactive Supply tolerance.sup.2__________________________________________________________________________ Non-volatile portion 49 . . . 53% Iodine color value max. 2 Acid value/delivery form max. 15 Viscosity 20.degree. C. thixotropic flow behavior Flash point approx. 32.degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.2 test methods according to DIN 53184
Bayertitan R-FD-1 Brightening Rel. Oil Number Capacity according Scattering Density [adsorption] to Reynolds Power according Additional according to according to according to toBayertitan % TiO.sub.2 Components DIN 53 199 DIN 53 192 DIN 53 165 DIN 53 193__________________________________________________________________________F-FD-1 96 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 19 1900 750 112 4.1__________________________________________________________________________Green pigment 6001 Green pigment 6001__________________________________________________________________________ Color index No. 77 335 Color index pigment 19 Chemical composition Co--Al--Ti--Ni Zn oxide Oil number 1) g/100 g 20 Drying loss 2) % max. 0.5 Stamping density 3) g/l 1600 Sieve residue 4) % max. 0.1 Color strength 7) -- Covering capacity % 190 value 8) Particle size (TEM) m 0.15-2.0 Density 9) g/cm.sup.3 5.0 Water-soluble % max. 0.5 portion 10) Spec. surface 11) m.sup.2 /g -- pH 12) 8.5-9.5 Heat resistance .degree.C. >500 Light resistance/ 8 full shade 13) TiO.sub.2 mixture 1:1 8 TiO.sub.2 mixture 1:10 8 Weather resistance/ very good full shade Acid resistance very good Alkali resistance good Lime resistance good Solvent resistance very good Migration resistance very good__________________________________________________________________________ Explanation of the footnotes: 1) according to DIN ISO 787/V, ASTM D 281 aor JIS K 5101/9 2) according to DIN ISO 787/II, ASTM D 280 or JIS K 5101/21. In the case of VOSSEN blue, the reweighing is performed immediately after removal of the specimen from the drying oven in a hot state. 3) according to DIN ISO 787/XI or JIS K 5101/18 4) Cd, Co and Ti pigments according to DIN 53 195 (0.045 .mu.m sieve) VOSSEN blue according to DIN ISO 787/XVIII, (0.040 sieve) [sic], ASTM D 1714 or JIS K 5101 20 5) according to ISO 787/I 6) according to ISO 787/XVI 7) according to DIN 53 204 and DIN 53234 8) soft in PVC, TiO2 RN 56 = 100% 9) according to DIN ISO 787/X or JIS K 5101/17 10) according to DIN ISO 787/III or JIS K 51010/22 11) according to DIN 66 131 12) according to DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208 or JIS K 5101/24 13) according to DIN 54 003 or JIS K 5101/15
Octa-Solingen cobaltOcta-Solingen cobalt is a dry substance whichcontains 16% Co in addition to 2-n ethyl hexanoic acid(C.sub.8 H.sub.16 O.sub.2).__________________________________________________________________________Desmophen 800Heavily branched polyester containing hydroxyl groups. Characteristic values__________________________________________________________________________ Delivery form 100% approx. 85% Hydroxyl content: approx. 8.8% approx. 7.5% Acid value: <4 <4 Color value according 7-10* 3-8* to DIN 6162: Flash point according to DIN 51 758: >200.degree. C. -- to DIN-EN 53 -- approx. 49.degree. C. Density at 20.degree. C. 1.14 g/cm.sup.3 approx. 1.11 g/cm.sup.3 according to DIN 51 757: Viscosity 900 .+-. 100 900 .+-. 100 (velocity gradient mPas** mPas** D 150 s.sup.-1) at 20.degree. C.: 725 .+-. 75 725 .+-. 75 Water content: <0.15% <0.15%__________________________________________________________________________ *50% in ethyl glycol acetate **70% in ethyl glycol acetate
Aerosil .RTM. 200Aerosil .RTM. 200 is a pyrogenically prepared silicic acid withthe following physical and chemical characteristic values:__________________________________________________________________________ Surface according to BET m.sup.2 /g 200 .+-. 25 Average size of the primary nanometer 12 particles Stamping density 1) g/l approx. 50 Drying loss 2) (2 h at 105.degree. C.) % <1.5 upon leaving the works Annealing loss 2) 6) % <1 (2 h at 1000.degree. C.) pH 3) (in 4% aqueous 3.6-4.3 dispersion) SiO.sub.2 5) % >99.8 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 5) % >0.05 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 5) % >0.003 TiO.sub.2 5) % <0.03 HCl 5) % >0.025 Sieve residue 4) according % >0.05 to Mocker (45 m)__________________________________________________________________________ Technical data of the AEROSIL standard types 1) according to DIN 53 194 2) according to DIN 55 921 3) according to DIN 53 200 4) according to DIN 53 580 5) in relation to the substance annealed 2 hours at 1000.degree. C. 6) in relation to the substance dried 2 hours at 105.degree. C. 7) HCl content is a component of the annealing lossDesmophen 1700Linear polyester containing hydroxyl groups Characteristic data__________________________________________________________________________ Hydroxyl content: approx. 1.2% Equivalent weight: approx. 1418 Color value according to DIN 6162*: max. 5 Flash point according to DIN 51758: >200.degree. C. Density at 20.degree. C. according to DIN 53217: approx. 1.19 g/cm.sup.3 Viscosity at 23.degree. C.**: 575 .+-. 75 mPa.s (velocity gradient D .apprxeq. 190 s.sup.-1) Water content: >0.15%__________________________________________________________________________ *50% in ethyl glycol acetate **70% in ethyl glycol acetate
NC-Chips E 730NC-Chips E 730 is a collodion cotton [c.c. (wool),pyrocellulose, soluble nitrocellulose, pyroxyline]__________________________________________________________________________Shellsol .RTM. AShellsol .RTM. A is a carbon solvent rich in aromatichydrocarbons with the following data:__________________________________________________________________________ Boiling limits .degree.C. ASTM D 107/86 160-182 Density at 12.degree. C. ASTM D-1298 0.874 Flash point .degree.C. AP IP 170 PM ASTM D-93 47 Evaporation number (ether = 1) DIN 53 170 46 Refraction index n --20 DIN 53 169 1.499 D Color (Saybolt) ASTM D-156 +30 Viscosity 25.degree. C. mm.sup.2 /s ASTM D-445 0.810 Aniline [cloud] point .degree.C. = mixes 15 ASTM D 611 Kauri-butanol value ASTM D-1133 90 Aromatic hydrocarbon content vol.-% 19 ASTM D-1319 Surface tension at 20.degree. C. mN/m ASTM D-971 29.5__________________________________________________________________________Desmodur LAromatic polyisocyanate 75% delivery 67% delivery Characteristic data form form__________________________________________________________________________ NCO content*: approx. 13% approx. 11.6% Equivalent weight: approx. 323 approx. 362 Color value according max. 5 max. 5 to DIN 6162*: Flash point according approx. +1.degree. C. approx. -38.degree. C. to DIN 53 213: Density at 20.degree. C. approx. 1.17 g/cm.sup.3 approx. 1.15 g/cm.sup.3 according to DIN 53217: Viscosity at 23.degree. C. 1500 .+-. 400 1500 .+-. 400 (mPa.s)* Monomeric diisocyanate >0.5% >0.5% content__________________________________________________________________________ *Delivery specification
As will be apparent from the above, many different film forming components such as synthetic resins and mixtures with or without pigments are suitable for combination with the finely divided precipitated silica delustering agent of this invention. Further modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the claims appended hereto.
German priority application P 38 15 670.9-41 is incorporated and relied on herein.

Number	Name	Date
4001379	Turk et al.	Jan 1977
4097302	Cohen et al.	Jun 1978
4157920	Wason et al.	Jun 1979
4179431	Kilian et al.	Dec 1979
4332600	Wegerhoff et al.	Jun 1982
4495167	Nauroth et al.	Jan 1985

Finely divided, precipitated silica with high structure, method of its preparation and use

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