The present invention relates to fire barriers. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved wall sheathing materials for residential and commercial construction which include a ceramic paper fire barrier so as to improve the fire resistance of the sheathing material.
Currently, little is done to improve the fire resistance of construction materials. While some building materials such as concrete are not burned by fire, other building materials such as plywood sheathing are readily burned by fire. Some materials, such as gypsum wall board, are resistant to fire to some degree, but will typically fail rather quickly in the presence of a moderate fire. As such, fire presents a serious risk to buildings and fire damage accounts for a large portion of structural damage to buildings. In some areas, periodic forest or grass fires are common and these fires destroy many buildings. The readiness with which common building materials such as plywood burn causes the fires to spread quickly from building to building.
It would be desirable to improve the fire resistance of these common building materials without dramatically changing how the materials are used and handled. The use of more fire resistant building materials could slow or stop the progress of fires within a building or through groups of buildings, making the fire more easily controlled and reducing the damage caused by the fire. In particular, more fire resistant sheathing materials would slow or stop the spread of the fire as these would protect other building materials such as wood framing from the fire. The use of more fire resistant building materials will also slow a fire within a building, giving occupants more time to escape from such a building.
It would be desirable to make more fire resistant building materials which are used in the same manner as the conventional building material. This would allow construction workers to use the more fire resistant materials without changes to the tools which are necessary or to the methods used to build the building. This allows the more fire resistant materials to be easily adopted and used in construction projects.
There is thus a need for building materials which are more resistant to burning. There is a particular need for sheathing materials which are more resistant to burning.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved sheathing material with increased burn resistance.
According to one aspect of the invention, sheathing is provided which includes a layer of ceramic material therein to prevent fire from burning through the layer of ceramic. Preferably, the ceramic material is a ceramic paper.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the ceramic paper may be disposed below the surface of the sheathing material such that the use of the material is unchanged. Particularly, gypsum wall board may include a layer of ceramic paper beneath the typical paper surface of the gypsum wall board so that the ceramic paper does not change the way in which the gypsum wall board accepts plaster and paint.
These and other aspects of the present invention are realized in a sheathing material as shown and described in the following figures and related description.
Various embodiments of the present invention are shown and described in reference to the numbered drawings wherein:
It will be appreciated that the drawings are illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims. The embodiments shown accomplish various aspects and objects of the invention. It is appreciated that it is not possible to clearly show each element and aspect of the invention in a single figure, and as such, multiple figures are presented to separately illustrate the various details of the invention in greater clarity. Similarly, not every embodiment need accomplish all advantages of the present invention.
The invention and accompanying drawings will now be discussed in reference to the numerals provided therein so as to enable one skilled in the art to practice the present invention. The drawings and descriptions are exemplary of various aspects of the invention and are not intended to narrow the scope of the appended claims.
Turning now to
The ceramic paper 18 provides a fire barrier to protect the wood base 14 in order to inhibit or prevent burning of the wood base 14 when the same is exposed to fire. When the wood sheathing 10 is used as exterior sheathing, the wood sheathing 10 would be placed so that the ceramic paper 18 would be on the outside of the sheathing, protecting the exterior of the building from fires. In order to increase the effectiveness of the ceramic paper 18 in preventing the wood base 14 from burning, an insulation layer 22 may be placed between the ceramic paper and the wood base. The insulation layer 22 may be a more porous (less dense) ceramic layer which further inhibits heat transfer to the wood base 14. The ceramic paper has a density similar to felt papers, and serves primarily to prevent burning of an underlying material while simultaneously blocking some heat from transferring to the underlying material.
The wood sheathing 10 may also include a thin veneer 26 of paper or wood placed on top of the ceramic paper 18. The veneer 26 may serve multiple purposes. The veneer 26 may prevent damage to the ceramic paper 18 during handling and installation of the wood sheathing 10. The ceramic paper is more prone to damage than a conventional plywood or OSB, and thus may benefit from additional mechanical protection. The ceramic paper 18 may include some reinforcement to strength the ceramic paper and make the produce more durable. The reinforcement may be a fiberglass mesh, Kevlar mesh, etc. Additionally, the veneer 26 may limit the exposure of construction workers to the ceramic paper. Ceramic paper is largely comprised of ceramic fibers, which may pose health hazards similar to fiberglass. The veneer 26 may also be used to provide a surface which is more similar to conventional plywood or OSB, allowing the wood sheathing 10 to be used in much the same manner as the conventional products.
The wood sheathing 10 is thus desirable for use in any location where additional fire protection is desired. When used in floors, ceilings, roof decks, walls, etc. the sheathing 10 effectively stops or slows the pass age of the fire through the material.
Turning now to
The gypsum wall board 30 may include a paper layer 50 placed over the ceramic paper 42. The paper layer may protect the ceramic paper 42 from damage as discussed, and make the gypsum wall board 30 respond to plaster and paint in a manner more similar to conventional gypsum wall board.
Turning now to
In the case that a thin veneer or layer of paper or wood is used to cover the exposed surface of the sheathing 54, this layer would typically burn away quickly without providing an appreciable amount of fuel to the fire and leave the ceramic paper layer intact to protect the sheathing and underlying structure.
The ceramic paper layer provides protection to the underlying sheathing and building structure in many ways. By directly preventing the fire from burning the exposed sheathing the ceramic paper prevents this damage to the sheathing. While some damage to the sheathing 54 may be done by the heat, significant damage is prevented. Perhaps more importantly, however, preventing the sheathing 54 from burning deprives the fire of a fuel source. Depriving the fire of an additional fuel source reduces the intensity of the fire, keeps the fire from spreading, and allows the fire to be more easily contained and extinguished. It will thus be appreciated that while application of the present invention to a single building will help prevent damage to that building, application of the present invention to many buildings in an area may significantly reduce the damage caused by a fire as it deprives the fire of fuel and makes the fire more easily contained and extinguished.
Turning now to
The beam 62 may also include a thin veneer 74 of paper, wood, or other materials placed on top of the ceramic paper 66. The veneer 74 may serve multiple purposes. The veneer 74 may prevent damage to the ceramic paper 66 during handling and installation of the beam 62. The ceramic paper is more prone to damage than conventional materials such as wood, and thus may benefit from additional mechanical protection. The ceramic paper 66 may include some reinforcement to strength the ceramic paper and make the produce more durable. The reinforcement may be a fiberglass mesh, Kevlar mesh, etc. Additionally, the veneer 74 may limit the exposure of construction workers to the ceramic paper. Ceramic paper is largely comprised of ceramic fibers, which may pose health hazards similar to fiberglass. The veneer 74 may also be used to provide a surface which is more similar to a conventional beam, allowing the beam 62 to be used in much the same manner as conventional beams. The beam 62 would provide fire benefits as discussed with respect to
Turning now to
The wall paper 78 is applied to partially or completely finished building walls and ceilings to increase the fire resistance of the wall. Thus, the wall paper 78 may often be applied to kitchen walls or garage walls as these walls are more likely to experience a fire. The wall paper 78 provides a fire barrier which prevents or substantially hinders a fire from penetrating through the wall, limiting the spread of the fire and damage to the building.
The wall paper may be applied to existing buildings in a manner similar to conventional wall paper, and may even have a decorative surface. This allows many persons to improve the fire resistance of their building without any more work than is common for redecorating the building.
The present invention provides particular benefits where it is desirable to isolate areas of a building and provide fire protection between these areas. In many cases it is desirable to create a stronger fire barrier between areas of a building. Such a fire wall may be desirable in storage units, condominium complexes, high rise buildings, office complexes, etc. In these situations, it is often desirable to provide increased fire protection between adjacent tenants or areas to prevent the spread of fire and limit the risk that a problem caused by one tenant adversely affects another tenant. Similarly, it may be desirable to isolate particular rooms such as storage rooms from the rest of an area or to isolate sections of a building such as different floors of the building. In these situations, one or more of the building materials discussed herein may be used to create a fire barrier. The sheathing of
There is thus disclosed an improved fire resistant sheathing material for buildings. It will be appreciated that numerous changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/556,465, filed on Sep. 9, 2009, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/095,592, filed on Sep. 9, 2008, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20180002921 A1 | Jan 2018 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61095592 | Sep 2008 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12556465 | Sep 2009 | US |
Child | 15701645 | US |