Patent Application
20210383666
The present disclosure relates to a fire detection system and a fire detection method of determining a fire status by propagating an optical signal in a long distance light propagation section.
Recently, urbanization has advanced in many countries around the world, and as many land spaces in urban areas are used for this urbanization, it has become difficult to ensure that there is enough land for new infrastructure development. In order to use urban spaces effectively, efforts are being made to construct underground facilities that do not necessarily have to be located on the ground.
For example, water supply and sewerage, gas, electricity, storage, communication infrastructure, and transportation are typical facilities that do not necessarily have to be located on the ground. In particular, the use of underground spaces is being actively promoted in view of the problem of worsening traffic congestion in urban areas. In addition, the ratio of tunnel structures to the total length of motorways in urban areas has been increasing. In 2010, less than 10% of the sections of Metropolitan Expressway that were in service had tunnel structures, while 70% of sections of Metropolitan Expressway that were under construction had tunnel structures (see Non Patent Literature 1).
In the tunnels of the motorways, which have been constructed frequently recently, it is necessary in the event of a fire to quickly and accurately detect the fire and then issue an alert and provide evacuation guidance equipment for safe evacuation of users from the tunnels. It has also been reported that about 70% of vehicle fires in Japan are caused by vehicle failures. In the case of a vehicle failure, no fire occurs for a period of time after the vehicle has stopped. For this reason, even though road operators recognize a situation that the vehicle has stopped by means of monitoring cameras (CCTV), etc., they cannot issue a fire alarm until the fire becomes actually visible, and there is a risk that the damage will expand due to a delay in an initial action being taken. Furthermore, in tunnels in Japan, fire alarms that detect infrared radiation from flames are mainly installed. This fire detector can detect infrared radiation from flames only after a fire occurs, so delays in initial response are unavoidable. In foreign countries, for example in Europe, temperature and smoke detectors have been introduced, but both of these detectors have advantages and disadvantages, such as slow reaction and difficulty in separating the temperature rise and smoke caused by a fire from those caused by the influences of dusts, etc. Since there are no detectors that can fully address various fire occurrence scenarios, it is important to address a wide range of fire occurrence scenarios by combining multiple detection parameters.
Under such circumstances, Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of dealing with a wider range of fire occurrence scenarios by utilizing an optical gas detection method of measuring the concentration of a target gas and the concentration of smoke in the surrounding atmosphere by propagating an optical signal for measurement into the atmosphere.
By this method, smoke generated by a fire and a gas (carbon monoxide, etc.) which may adversely affect the human body are simultaneously measured, and a fire alarm is issued when the thresholds of both this smoke and this gas are exceeded, thereby improving the reliability in detecting a fire. This method has another feature that just one detection system can monitor a wide range with the configuration in which the optical signal is propagated in the atmosphere.
Commonly, a fire detection system employs a method of detecting a gas while modulating a wavelength using a narrow wavelength band light source which outputs a wavelength around an absorption wavelength by utilizing a property of gas molecules absorbing light of a specific wavelength, and a method of calculating a gas concentration from a known spectral intensity using a light source of a wide wavelength band which widely covers the absorption wavelength.
Examples of the former method include Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) disclosed in Non Patent Literature 2, and examples of the latter method include Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) disclosed in Non Patent Literature 3.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-83876
Non Patent Literature 1: M. Sasaki et al., “Technology and Procurement Of Deep Underground Tunnels”, 21st Japan-Korea Construction Technology Seminar (2010)
Non Patent Literature 2: T. Iseki, “Trace Gas Detection Technology Using Near Infrared Semiconductor Laser”, Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 107, No. 1022, p. 51 (2004)
Non Patent Literature 3: H. Saito et al., “Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by Applying Differential Absorption Spectroscopy in the Near Infrared Region”, 31st Laser Sensing Symposium, D-3 (2013)
Non Patent Literature 4: Yonggang Chen, et al., “Development of a Fire Detection System Using FT-IR Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Networks,” FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE—Proceedings of Sixth International Symposium, pp. 791-802
Non Patent Literature 5: R. Mitchell Spearrin, “Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption
concentration, a second smoke concentration, and a second temperature in the surroundings; and
In this example aspect, the transmitter and the receiver may be integrated as a transceiver, the fire detection system may further include a first reflection unit disposed at a predetermined distance from the transceiver, the predetermined light propagation section may be formed between the transceiver and the first reflection unit, and the optical signal sent from the light source of the transceiver may reciprocate in the predetermined light propagation section between the transceiver and the first reflection unit.
In this example aspect, the sensor may include at least one of a gas sensor configured to measure the second gas concentration around the receiver, a smoke detector configured to measure the second smoke concentration around the receiver, and a temperature sensor configured to measure the second temperature around the receiver.
In this example aspect, the signal processing unit and the sensor may be integrated as a hybrid processing unit, and the transceiver may further include a second reflection unit configured to reflect the optical signal sent from the light source and an optical switch configured to switch between a direction of the first reflection unit and a direction of the second reflection unit and then emit the optical signal sent from the light source, and the hybrid processing unit may be configured to calculate at least one of the first gas concentration, the first smoke concentration, and the first temperature in the light propagation section based on the optical signal reflected from the first reflection unit and detected by the detector, and at least one of the second gas concentration, the second smoke concentration, and the second temperature in the surroundings based on the optical signal reflected from the second reflection unit and detected by the detector.
In this example aspect, the determiner may be configured to calculate a difference between at least one of the first gas concentration, the first smoke
other via a data bus or the like.
The fire detection system (1) propagates an optical signal between the transmitter (11) and the receiver (12), and measures a first gas concentration, a first smoke concentration, and a first temperature in the space of the light propagation section. The transmitter (11) includes a light source (111), a driver (112), and a condenser (115). The receiver (12) includes a condenser (121), a detector (122), a signal processing unit (123), a gas sensor (124), a smoke detector (125), a temperature sensor (126), and a determiner (127).
The driver (112) controls a driving current and a temperature of the light source (111). Thus, the light source (111) outputs the optical signal having a wavelength λ1 μm. The condenser (115) converts the optical signal output from the light source 111 into a quasi-parallel beam. The quasi-parallel beam propagated in the atmosphere is received by the receiver (12). The optical signal is condensed by the condenser (121) in the receiver (12) and is photoelectrically converted by the detector (122). The signal processing unit (123) processes the converted electric signal to calculate an average value of a carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (a first gas concentration) between the transmitter (11) and the receiver (12).
The signal processing unit (123) calculates the average value (the first smoke concentration) Cs of the smoke concentration from a transmittance of the optical signal in addition to each of the first gas concentrations based on the following Formula:
In this formula, IO is optical signal intensity projected from the transmitter (11), IS is intensity of light received by the receiver (12), and D is a distance between the transmitter (11) and the receiver (12).
The signal processing unit (123) also calculates an average space
concentration, and the local second temperature around the receiver (12), which are environmental reference values, can be measured.
Next, the determiner (127) calculates a difference between TL and TP, and determines whether the calculated difference is greater than a predetermined threshold Tth (Step S02). If the determiner (127) determines that the difference is greater than the threshold Tth (YES in S02), it calculates the difference between CgL and CgP and determines whether the calculated difference is greater than a predetermined threshold Cg_th (e.g., 0.4 [1/m]) (Step S03).
If the determiner (127) determines that the calculated difference is greater than the threshold Cg_th (YES in S03), it calculates the difference between CsL and CsP and determines whether the calculated difference is greater than a predetermined threshold Cs_th (For example, 0.4 [1/m]) (Step S04).
When the determiner (127) determines that the calculated difference is greater than the threshold Cs_th (YES in SO4), it determines that a fire has occurred and outputs an alarm signal (Step S05). For example, an alarm (not shown) outputs an alarm sound in response to the alarm signal from the determiner (127). When the determiner (127) determines that the difference is smaller than the threshold in any of the Steps of S02, S03, and SO4, it determines that there is no abnormality (Step S06). The influence of the environmental change can be canceled by calculating the differences between the measured environmental reference values of the second gas concentration CgP, the second smoke concentration CsP, and the second temperature TP and the first gas concentration CgL, the first smoke concentration CsL, and the first temperature TL calculated by the signal processing unit, respectively (123).
According to the first example embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.
A first effect is that a fire can be accurately detected when a environmental change occurs while, for example, vehicles travel under a condition where there can be a large environmental change such as in a road tunnel. A reason for this is that, in the related art, a determination of whether there is a fire is made based only on the gas concentration and smoke concentration in the long distance light propagation section. For this reason, when the environmental change is large, erroneous identification is often caused. On the other hand, in the first example embodiment, as described above, the local second gas concentration, the local second smoke concentration, and the local second temperature around the receiver (12) are incorporated into the flow of determining whether there is a fire as environmental reference values, so that the influence of the environmental change can be canceled.
The first example embodiment is not limited to the above configuration. For example, in the first example embodiment, the light source (111) is configured as a laser light source and instead the light source (111) may be configured as a broadband light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode). The signal processing unit (123) may measure the gas concentration by DOAS accordingly.
An optical amplifier may be inserted into an output stage of the light source (111) or an input stage of the detector (122). By doing so, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received optical signal can be improved, and the accuracy of the measurement result can be improved.
The determiner (127) uses the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration as an indicator for determining a fire state but the indicator of determining the fire state is not limited to this. The determiner (127) may use, as the indicator for determining the fire state, a carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, a water vapor (H2O) concentration, or a ratio of the CO concentration to the CO2 concentration as described in Non Patent Literature 4, etc. The output wavelength λ1 of the light source (111) may be set as the absorption wavelength of CO2 or H2O accordingly. A plurality of kinds of gas concentrations may be measured using a plurality of light sources.
In the first example embodiment, CO is selected as the gas species to be measured, and 10 [ppm] is set as a gas concentration threshold, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Another value may be set as the threshold, or the determination may be made using another gas concentration. Further, although 0.4 [1/m] is set as a smoke concentration threshold, another value may be set as this threshold.
In the first example embodiment, the signal processing unit (123) measures the average space temperature in the predetermined light propagation section based on the spread of the spectral width of the absorption spectrum, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The signal processing unit (123) may measure the average space temperature on an optical axis based on two line thermometry as shown in Non Patent Literature 5.
In the first example embodiment, the determiner (127) determine whether theres is a fire using the difference between measured values of the gas concentrations, the smoke concentrations, and the temperatures, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (127) may determine whether there is a fire based on an amount of change in the difference between the measured values per unit time. The determiner (127) determines that a fire has occurred when the amount of change in the difference between the measured values per unit time is greater than a threshold.
In the first example embodiment, the determiner (127) determines whether there is a fire by referring to all the measured values of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (127) may determine whether there is a fire by referring to one or two of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature.
A second example embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to
The light source (4201) outputs the optical signal having a wavelength λ1 μm. The condenser (4202) converts the optical signal from the light source (4201) into a quasi-parallel beam. The multiplexers/demultiplexers (4203, 4204) emit the quasi-parallel beam from the condenser (4202) into space. The optical signal emitted from the transceiver (42) is reflected by the first reflection unit (41) and returned to the transceiver (42). Here, the first reflection unit (41) is a retroreflector. The first reflection unit (41) reflects the optical signal in a direction parallel to the propagation direction of the optical signal propagated from the transceiver (42). Thus, the optical signal accurately returns to the transceiver (42).
The returned optical signal passes through the multiplexer/demultiplexer (4204), condensed by the condenser (4205), and photoelectrically converted by the detector (4206). The signal processing unit (4207) processes the electric signal photoelectrically converted by the detector (4206) to thereby calculate the first gas (CO) concentration, the first smoke concentration, and the first temperature between the transceiver (42) and the first reflection unit (41). Since the method of calculating the measured values is the same as the method of calculating the measured value described in the first example embodiment, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
The gas sensor (4208) measures the second gas concentration around the transceiver (42). The smoke detector (4209) measures the second smoke concentration around the transceiver (42). The temperature sensor (4210) measures the second temperature around the transceiver (42).
The determiner (4211) determines a fire state using the above measurement results of the first and second gas concentrations, the first and second smoke concentrations, and the first and second temperatures as parameters based on the flowchart shown in
According to the second example embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.
A first effect is that, in a manner similar to the first example embodiment, a fire can be accurately detected when a environmental change occurs while, for example, vehicles travel under a condition where there can be a large environmental change such as in a road tunnel. A reason for this is that, in the related art, a determination of whether there is a fire is made based only on the gas concentration and smoke concentration in the long distance light propagation section.
For this reason, when the environmental change is large, erroneous determination is often caused. On the other hand, in the second example embodiment, as described above, the local second gas concentration, the local second smoke concentration, and the local second temperature around the transceiver (42) are incorporated into the flow of determining whether there is a fire as environmental reference values, so that the influence of the environmental change can be canceled.
A second effect is that the work at the time of the sensor installation can be facilitated. A reason for this is that, in Patent Literature 1 and the first example embodiment, the transmitter (11) and the receiver (12), which require power supplies, are separated at two places, and thus power supply installation work is required at each place. On the other hand, the configuration according to the second example embodiment is such that the parts requiring the power supply are integrated into one transceiver (42), and another part not requiring the power supply is a passive component, i.e., the first reflection unit 41, so that the power supply installation work is required in only one place.
The second example embodiment is not limited to the above configuration. For example, in the second example embodiment, the light source (4201) is configured as a laser light source and instead the light source (4201) may be configured as a broadband light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode). The signal processing unit (4207) may measure the gas concentration by DOAS accordingly.
In the second example embodiment, as shown in
An optical amplifier may be inserted into an output stage of the light source (4201) or an input stage of the detector (4206). By doing so, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received optical signal can be improved, and the accuracy of the measurement result can be improved.
The determiner (4211) uses the CO concentration as an indicator for determining a fire state but the indicator of determining the fire state is not limited to this. The determiner (4211) may use, as the indicator for determining the fire state, a carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, a water vapor (H2O) concentration, or a ratio of the CO concentration to the CO2 concentration as described in Non Patent Literature 4, etc. The output wavelength λ1 of the light source (4201) may be set as the absorption wavelength of CO2 or H2O accordingly. A plurality of kinds of gas concentrations may be measured using a plurality of light sources.
In the second example embodiment, CO is selected as the gas species to be measured, and 10 [ppm] is set as a gas concentration threshold, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Another value may be set as the threshold, or the determination may be made using another gas concentration. Further, although 0.4 [1/m] is set as the smoke concentration threshold, another value may be set as this threshold.
In the second example embodiment, the signal processing unit (4207) measures the average space temperature in the predetermined light propagation section based on the spread of the spectral width of the absorption spectrum, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The signal processing unit (4207) may measure the average space temperature on an optical axis based on two line thermometry as shown in Non Patent Literature 5.
In the second example embodiment, the determiner (4211) determines whether there is a fire using the difference between measured values of the gas concentrations, the smoke concentrations, and the temperatures, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (4211) may determine whether there is a fire based on an amount of change in the difference between the measured values per unit time.
In the second example embodiment, the first reflection unit (41) is configured as a retroreflective reflector to reflect spatially propagated optical signals, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first reflection unit (41) may be configured as a simple plane mirror.
In the second example embodiment, the determiner (4211) determines whether there is a fire by referring to all the measured values of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (4211) may determine whether there is a fire by referring to one or two of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature.
A third example embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to
The light source (5201) outputs the optical signal having a wavelength λ1 μm. The condenser (5202) converts the optical signal from the light source (5201) into a quasi-parallel beam. The quasi-parallel beam passes through the multiplexer/demultiplexer (5203) and enters the optical switch (5204). As shown in
During a time T1, the optical switch (5204) emits the optical signal input from the multiplexer/demultiplexer (5203) in a direction (hereinafter referred to as the discharge path 1) of the first reflection unit (51), and outputs the optical signal input from the discharge path 1 in a direction of the condenser (5205). The optical signal emitted from the transceiver (52) is reflected by the first reflection unit (51) and returned to the transceiver (52). Here, the first reflection unit (51) is a retroreflector. The first reflection unit (51) reflects the optical signal in a direction parallel to the propagation direction of the optical signal propagated from the transceiver (52). Thus, the optical signal accurately returns to the transceiver (52). The returned optical signal passes through the optical switch (5204), condensed by the condenser (5205), and photoelectrically converted by the detector (5206). The hybrid processing unit (5207) performs predetermined processing on the electric signal photoelectrically converted by the detector 5206 to thereby calculate the first gas (CO) concentration, the first smoke concentration, and the first temperature between the transceiver (52) and the first reflection unit (51). Since the method of calculating the measured values is the same as the method of calculating the measured value described in the first example embodiment, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
During a time T2, the optical switch (5204) emits the optical signal input from the multiplexer/demultiplexer (5203) in a direction (hereinafter referred to as the discharge path 2) of the second reflection unit (5205), and outputs the optical signal input from the discharge path 2 in a direction of the condenser (5208). The optical signal emitted from the optical switch (5204) is reflected by the second reflection unit (5208) and returned to the optical switch (5204). Here, the second reflection unit (5208) is a retroreflector. The second reflection unit (5208) reflects the optical signal in a direction parallel to the propagation direction of the optical signal propagated from the optical switch (5204). Thus, the optical signal accurately returns to the optical switch (5204). The returned optical signal passes through the optical switch (5204), condensed by the condenser (5205), and photoelectrically converted by the detector (5206). The hybrid processing unit (5207) performs predetermined processing on the electric signal photoelectrically converted by the detector 5206 to thereby calculate the second gas (CO) concentration, the second smoke concentration, and the second temperature around the transceiver (52). Since the method of calculating the measured values is the same as the method of calculating the measured value described in the first example embodiment, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
The determiner (5209) determines a fire state using the above measurement results of the first and second gas concentrations, the first and second smoke concentrations, and the first and second temperatures as parameters based on the flowchart shown in
According to the third example embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.
A first effect is that, in a manner similar to the first and second example embodiments, a fire can be accurately detected when a environmental change occurs while, for example, vehicles travel under a condition where there can be a large environmental change such as in a road tunnel. A reason for this is that, in the related art, a determination of whether there is a fire is made based only on the gas concentration and smoke concentration in the long distance light propagation section. For this reason, when the environmental change is large, erroneous determination is often caused. On the other hand, in the third example embodiment, as described above, the local second gas concentration, the local second smoke concentration, and the local second temperature around the transceiver (52) are incorporated into the flow of determining whether there is a fire as environmental reference values, so that the influence of the environmental change can be canceled.
A second effect is that, in a manner similar to the second example embodiment, the work at the time of the sensor installation can be facilitated. A reason for this is that, in Patent Literature 1 and the first example embodiment, the transmitter (11) and the receiver (12), which require power supplies, are separated at two places, and thus power supply installation work is required at each place.
On the other hand, the configuration according to the third example embodiment is such that the parts requiring the power supply are integrated into one transceiver (52), and another part not requiring the power supply is a passive component, i.e., the first reflection unit (51), so that the power supply installation work is required in only one place.
A third effect is that the sensor configuration can be simplified and the number of parts can be reduced. A reason for this is that, in the first and second example embodiments, the gas sensor, the smoke detector, and the temperature sensor are used to acquire local environmental information, so that the number of parts is increased. On the other hand, in the third example embodiment, peripheral environmental information is acquired by utilizing the optical signal for measuring the long distance section. For this reason, the sensor configuration can be simplified and the number of parts can be reduced.
The third example embodiment is not limited to the above configuration. For example, in the third example embodiment, the light source (5201) uses a laser light source and instead a broadband light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an SLD (Super Luminescent Diode) may be used. The hybrid processing unit (5207) may measure the gas concentration by DOAS accordingly.
In the third example embodiment, as shown in
An optical amplifier may be inserted into an output stage of the light source (5201) or an input stage of the detector (5206). By doing so, the signal-to-noise ratio of the received optical signal can be improved, and the accuracy of the measurement result can be improved.
The determiner (5209) uses the CO concentration as an indicator for determining a fire state but the indicator of determining the fire state is not limited to this. The determiner (5209) may use, as the indicator for determining the fire state, a carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration or a water vapor (H2O) concentration. The determiner (5209) may use, the the indicator for determining the fire state, a ratio of the CO concentration to the CO2 concentration as described in Non Patent Literature 4, etc. The output wavelength λ1 of the light source (5201) may be set as the absorption wavelength of CO2 or H2O accordingly. A plurality of kinds of gas concentrations may be measured using a plurality of light sources.
In the third example embodiment, CO is selected as the gas species to be measured, and 10 [ppm] is set as a gas concentration threshold, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Another value may be set as the threshold, or the determination may be made using another gas concentration. Further, although 0.4 [1/m] is set as a smoke concentration threshold, another value may be set as this threshold.
In the third example embodiment, the hybrid processing unit (5207) measures the average space temperature in the light propagation section based on the spread of the spectral width of the absorption spectrum, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The hybrid processing unit (5207) may measure the average space temperature on an optical axis based on two line thermometry as shown in Non Patent Literature 5.
In the third example embodiment, the determiner (5209) determines whether there is a fire using the difference between measured values of the gas concentrations, the smoke concentrations, and the temperatures, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (5209) may determine whether there is a fire based on an amount of change in the difference between the measured values per unit time.
In the third example embodiment, the first reflection unit (51) is configured as a retroreflective reflector to reflect spatially propagated optical signals, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first reflection unit (51) may be configured as a simple plane mirror.
In the third example embodiment, the determiner (5209) determines whether there is a fire by referring to all the measured values of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The determiner (5209) may determine whether there is a fire by referring to one or two of the gas concentration, the smoke concentration, and the temperature.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the above example embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited by the above. Various changes that can be understood by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosure may be made to the configurations and details of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure can also be realized by causing the CPU to execute the processing shown in
The program can be stored and provided to a computer using any type of non-transitory computer readable media. Non-transitory computer readable media include any type of tangible storage media. Examples of non-transitory computer readable media include magnetic storage media (such as floppy disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives, etc.), optical magnetic storage media (e.g. magneto-optical disks), CD-ROM (Read Only Memory), CD-R, CD-R/W, and semiconductor memories (such as mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.).
The program may be provided to a computer using any type of transitory computer readable media. Examples of transitory computer readable media include electric signals, optical signals, and electromagnetic waves. Transitory computer readable media can provide the program to a computer via a wired communication line (e.g. electric wires, and optical fibers) or a wireless communication line.
The present disclosure is applicable to fire detection in a wide space. In particular, the present disclosure is applicable to fire detection in a situation where various ignition sources such as a road tunnel are present and various gases such as exhaust gas are present.
1, 2, 3 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
11, 71 TRANSMITTER
12, 72 RECEIVER
111, 4201, 5201, 711 LIGHT SOURCE
112, 712 DRIVER
115, 121, 4202, 4205, 5202, 5205, 713, 721 CONDENSER
122, 4206, 5206, 723 DETECTOR
123, 4207, 725 SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT
5207 HYBRID PROCESSING UNIT
124, 4208 GAS SENSOR
125, 4209 SMOKE DETECTOR
126, 4210 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
127, 4211, 5209, 727 DETERMINER
41, 51 FIRST REFLECTION UNIT
5208 SECOND REFLECTION UNIT
42, 52 TRANSCEIVER
4203, 4204, 5203 MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER
5204 OPTICAL SWITCH
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/041854 | 11/12/2018 | WO | 00 |
