Patent Grant
9175513
This invention relates generally to emergency egress and in particular, to a method of creating emergency egress at a fire and smoke barrier.
By code, buildings such as industrial, school and public buildings require fire and smoke barrier opening protectives. They also require emergency egress capability. Due to the simplistic operation and known designs of swing door exit hardware, side-hinged swinging doors are commonly used to simultaneously accomplish both.
However, side-hinged swinging doors are not always the desired design choice to meet code requirements. For structures needing higher occupancy load egress and fire and smoke protection requirements, multiple swing doors and/or banks of swing doors and their associated frame assemblies are used. The framing requirements of multiple doors and/or banks of doors present architectural challenges for building designers.
In an attempt to overcome these challenges, a variety of door designs have been developed. One known design uses up to two swinging fire door and frame assemblies that store in pockets perpendicular to the opening. A second known design includes a bank of swinging fire door and frame assemblies that are attached to the bottom of a coiling door. Although these designs include commonly accepted side-hinge swinging doors, they require significantly more head or side room clearances and cost more to manufacture than earlier designs.
Another known design uses commonly accepted side-hinge swinging doors in an accordion folding fire door configuration. However, this design requires side stack space for the folded accordion door and non-folding side-hinge swinging door(s). Because occupancy load determines the amount of door opening/number of required doors, each required side-hinge swinging door mandates additional side stack space, thereby reducing the overall free space and presenting construction challenges.
Still another known design uses accordion folding fire doors with an integral DC power supply and curtain mounted egress activation hardware that causes electric opening of the door for egress. These doors mandate ample side room to store the accordion folding fire door and operating system.
Overhead coiling fire doors have been developed to overcome the aforementioned challenges. The overhead coiling fire door is provided with an operator that will run the door under both normal condition and during a fire and smoke alarm condition ideally at an established average door speed. Such configurations allow building designers the ability to reduce the construction costs and aesthetic problems associated with numerous banks of fire/emergency egress doors.
Because the overhead coiling fire door utilizes a powered operator, battery backup is employed to maintain operational capability during a power failure. There remains a continuing need for improved methods of providing overhead coiling door emergency egress during a fire and smoke alarm condition. The present invention fulfills this need and further provides related advantages.
The present invention presents a method to permit emergency egress through an access opening covered by an overhead coiling fire door.
A preset time delay to initiate door closure upon alarm notification, a preset time to hold the door at an open position before full closure, and a preset time to re-close the door after alarm sequence activation are determined. A backup power supply is monitored for backup power loss; audible and/or visual notification is provided at a predetermined loss level.
At a predetermined backup power loss level the door is power closed to a default closed position, and at a second predetermined backup power loss level a power drive disconnects allowing manual opening of the door.
Upon receiving an alarm notification from a first detector located on one side of the access opening the door is power closed to a predetermined height and held there for the predetermined time, then power closed to a fully closed position. When on backup battery power, the backup battery is capable of providing an emergency egress sequence for a predetermined minimum number of cycles. The emergency egress sequence comprises receiving a door opening notification, opening the door, holding the door open for the predetermined time, and reclosing the door.
Upon receiving a second alarm notification from a second detector located on the opposite side of the access opening, the door enters into a secondary alarm condition. The door is power closed and awaits notification to initiate a secondary emergency egress sequence. The secondary emergency egress sequence comprises receiving a door opening notification, opening the door, holding the door open for the predetermined time, and reclosing the door.
Upon primary power restoration or a return to a non-alarm condition the door returns to its present open position.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the preferred embodiments which illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various forms. As used herein:
OCFD shall mean “overhead coiling fire door”, however the method described below is not limited to use with fire doors.
FACP shall mean “fire alarm control panel”.
NFPA shall mean “National Fire Protection Association”.
AHJ shall mean “an organization, office or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation or a procedure”.
Emergency egress cycle shall mean a powered opening of the OCFD to a preset height, pausing the OCFD at the preset height for a preset time, then power closing the OCFD.
In a powered, non-alarm condition the OCFD is in a powered, non-alarm default position, preferably fully open. Power is provided by either a primary power supply system, for example, the electric utility power supply or a power supply backup system, for example, a backup battery system. The power supply is monitored, preferably continuously monitored, to detect power supply aberrations, for example, drops and variations in the electric utility power supply and/or a voltage drop of the backup battery system.
The OCFD and its alarm condition detectors (describe below) are in communication with the building FACP, preferably directly connected to the FACP, to provide notification to the FACP of an alarm condition, for example, a fire event.
The power supply backup system is configured to provide operative power to the OCFD for a predetermined number of emergency egress cycles during a primary power interruption of a predetermined duration. It is configured to provide a minimum number of emergency egress cycles in the absence of primary power, for example, the backup battery system is provided to maintain the capability to power a minimum of fifty emergency egress cycles after a power interruption of 24 hours.
When in a non-alarm condition the power supply backup system reaches a power state loss level capable of operating no more than a preset minimum number of emergency egress cycles, notification is sent, for example, a warning horn will sound. The notification allows for preemptive reestablishment of a fully operational power state, for example, by replacing the backup battery. If the power supply backup system fully operational power state is not timely reestablished, at a preset critical level of backup system discharge, the OCFD enters into an activation mode.
Upon a primary power supply failure during a non-alarm condition the OCFD is configured to remain in the powered, non-alarm default position, preferably a fully open position until such time as either primary power is restored, the OCFD receives notification to activate an alarm sequence of operation (activation mode), or the power supply backup system deteriorates to a pre-determined power state level, thereafter entering into the activation mode.
A local alarm condition detector, for example, a smoke and heat detector, is positioned on each side of the access opening and each is in communication with the FACP. Preferably the alarm condition detectors are mounted per NFPA 72, incorporated by reference. When an alarm condition detector detects an alarm condition, for example, combustion, notification is communicated to the FACP and the OCFD is notified to enter into an alarm condition mode and activate the alarm sequence of operation.
Upon receiving an initial notification to activate (by either a local alarm condition detector or the FACP) the alarm sequence of operation begins. The alarm sequence of operation comprises:
Powering the OCFD to a preset height below the ceiling. Preferably the height is about 24 inches below the ceiling but not lower than about 80 inches, the ADA minimum specified height. Power may be supplied by either the primary or backup power supply.
Keeping the OCFD at the preset height for a preset delay time. The preset delay time is set, for example, between about 0 minutes and about 60 minutes as per the AHJ and site requirements. Preferably the preset delay time is about 20 minutes, sufficient to permit full width emergency egress.
Power closing the OCFD to the floor upon expiration of the preset delay time. As previously described, if the primary power supply is unavailable, the power supply backup system provides a preset minimum number of emergency egress cycles.
If primary power remains unavailable, after completing a preset number of emergency egress cycles under backup power, preferably a minimum of fifty emergency egress cycles, a power drive disconnects from the closed OCFD, thereby permitting the OCFD to be manually opened, for example by lifting a bottom bar handle, to provide full width escapement capability. Preferably, the lifting effort is no greater than about 15 pounds of lifting effort. The OCFD is balanced to gravity close to a fully closed position when the power drive is disconnected. Once manually lifted and released, the OCFD returns to a fully closed position.
If at any time during the alarm sequence of operation or during the initial notification preset delay time the second local alarm condition detector also detects combustion the OCFD immediately closes fully to the floor and enters into a fire protection priority mode. This secondary alarm condition detection signifies migration of heat and/or smoke through the access opening and defaults the OCFD closed to the fire protection priority mode, thereafter utilizing a secondary emergency egress cycle.
The secondary emergency egress cycle comprises:
Monitoring a defined detection area on either side of the OCFD for a predefined activity, for example, the presence of activity through motion detectors, or manual initiation of the secondary emergency egress cycle, for example through an activation device, for example, a wall button.
Upon detecting the predefined activity, powering the OCFD to a preset height below the ceiling, preferably about 24 inches below the ceiling. Power may be supplied by either the primary or backup power supply.
Keeping the OCFD at the preset height for a preset delay time, between about 0 seconds and about 60 seconds, preferably about 10 seconds, thereby permitting full width emergency egress.
Power closing the OCFD to the floor upon expiration of the preset delay time. As previously described, if the primary power supply is unavailable, the power supply backup system provides a preset minimum number of secondary emergency egress cycles.
If primary power remains unavailable, after completing a preset number of secondary emergency egress cycles under backup power, preferably a minimum of fifty secondary emergency egress cycles, a power drive disconnects from the closed OCFD, thereby permitting the OCFD to be manually opened, for example by lifting a bottom bar handle, to provide full width escapement capability. The OCFD is balanced to gravity close to a fully closed position when the power drive is disconnected. Once manually lifted and released, the OCFD returns to a fully closed position.
At any time during any sequence of operation, if the alarm condition is cleared the OCFD returns to the non-alarm default position, preferably fully open and returns to a non-alarm condition.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific examples and embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that it is capable of other variations and modifications within its scope. These examples and embodiments are intended as typical of, rather than in any way limiting on, the scope of the present invention as presented in the appended claims.
This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/772,086 filed Mar. 4, 2013.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3559716 | Loucks | Feb 1971 | A |
| 4130156 | Wardlaw | Dec 1978 | A |
| 4338526 | Martin et al. | Jul 1982 | A |
| 5203392 | Shea | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5576581 | Iannuzzi et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5896907 | Dever et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 6079162 | Hein | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6155324 | Elliott et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6484784 | Weik et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6515377 | Ubelein et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 7299847 | Evans | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7343958 | East et al. | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| 7878230 | Daus et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 8037922 | Hawkins et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8069896 | Magro | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8397787 | Daus et al. | Mar 2013 | B1 |
| 8567573 | Hsieh | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8651164 | Klish et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8806806 | Leivenzon et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8905113 | Daus et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 9013059 | Altonen et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 20100242364 | Magro | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100243175 | Gonzales et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20120216462 | Klish et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20130228289 | Klish et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20140305599 | Pimenov | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140305600 | Casey et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140318719 | Hsieh | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140345812 | Casey et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140246154 A1 | Sep 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61772086 | Mar 2013 | US |
