Patent Application
20160332016
The present invention pertains to the technical field of aerosol fire distinguishing, particularly to a thermal aerosol fire-extinguishing composition.
Since the specific target of each country for substitution of Halon fire extinguishing agents was put forth in Canadian Montreal Convention in 1987, all countries in the world have been committed to the research of new fire extinguishing techniques. Fire extinguishing techniques with high fire extinguishing efficiency and no environmental pollution are directions of our effort.
A gas fire extinguishing system, a powder extinguishing system, a water fire extinguishing system and the like are harmless to environment, so they are selected as substitutes of Halon fire extinguishing agents and are widely used. The fire extinguishing mechanism of the fire extinguishing systems of carbon dioxide, IG541 and inert gases mainly relies on physical fire extinguishing. The fire is put out by lowering the concentration of oxygen in the firing area. This fire extinguishing method would easily threaten human safety. The powder extinguishing system puts out a fire by spraying powder under the action of pressurized gas to contact flame and realize physical and chemical suppression effect. A water mist fire extinguishing system achieves the objects of controlling, suppressing and putting out a fire through triple actions of cooling, smothering, and isolation of thermal radiation by using water mist.
However, all these fire extinguishing systems need high pressure storage. Not only the volume is large but also there is a risk of physical explosion during storage. A document “Safety Analysis of Gas Fire Extinguishing System” (Fire Science and Technology 2002 21(5)) analyzes the risk of a gas fire extinguishing system and enumerates the safety accidents triggered by the stored pressure gas fire extinguishing system during use.
The existing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agents are mainly type S and type K fire extinguishing agents. The comprehensive analysis of their performance and features indicates that their fire extinguishing mechanism is that the thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agents take a redox reaction through agent combustion to release a great quantity of gas and active particles and the goal of integrated chemical and physical fire extinguishing is realized through the chain scission reaction of the active particles and covering and smothering of a great quantity of gas. The disadvantage of the thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agents is that the thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agent will release a great quantity of heat while it takes the combustion reaction to release the thermal aerosol, which may cause a secondary combustion. In order to effectively reduce the temperature of the device and aerosol and avoid the secondary fire, a cooling system needs to be added. The cooling materials of the existing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing units can reduce the temperature of products, but they also greatly weaken the fire extinguishing performance of the products. In order to make up the loss on the fire extinguishing performance caused by the cooling system, many products either lower the fire extinguishing level or continuously increase the mass of the actual fire extinguishing agent, rendering the increase of product volume and the decrease of use efficiency, which results in a complex and cumbersome structure of the device, a complex technological process, a high cost, and a high nozzle temperature, which would easily cause injury to fire fighters.
Regarding the current situation of existing fire extinguishing devices, particularly the inherent defects of an aerosol fire extinguishing system, an object of the present invention is to provide a safer and more efficient fire-extinguishing composition.
The technical scheme of the present invention is:
A fire-extinguishing composition containing an aldehyde/ketone compound, wherein the fire-extinguishing composition contains an aldehyde/ketone compound; the fire-extinguishing composition releases a great quantity of active fire-extinguishing particles by making use of combustion of a pyrotechnic agent to put out a fire.
Further, the aldehyde/ketone fire-extinguishing composition comprises one or more of fatty aldehyde/ketone, aromatic aldehyde/ketone and alicyclic aldehyde/ketone compounds.
Further, the fatty aldehyde/ketone compound in the aldehyde/ketone fire-extinguishing composition comprises one or more of: paraformaldehyde, trichloracetic aldehyde, D(+)-xylose, zinc aetylacetonate, trans-undecadien-2-al, trifluoroacetaldehydeethylhemiacetal, 1,3-dihydroxypropanone, dimedone, copper acetylacetonate, 2-azabicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-en-3-one, 4,4-trichloro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione, 2-hydroxy-1,2-di (thiophen-2-yl) ethanone and acetoin.
Further, the aromatic aldehyde/ketone compound in the aldehyde/ketone fire-extinguishing composition comprises one or more of: 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, benzophenone, ethoxybenzoin, vanillin, coumarin, anthraquinone, syringaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, ethyl vanillin, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dibenzyloxybenzaldehyde, 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde, diphenylamino-4-benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-bromo-5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, 2-cyanobenzaldehyde, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde, 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde, p-bromocinnamaldehyde, p-nitrocinnamaidehyde, 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde, 3-carboxybenzaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, N—BOC-L-benzedrine aldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, isovanillin, 4-bis (p-tolylamino) benzaldehyde, p-bromobenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyd, 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde, 4-(1-pyrrolidine) benzaldehyde, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzaldehyde, 2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzaldehyde, α-bromocinnamaldehyde, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 3,5-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, o-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, α-ionone2,4,5-trifluorobenzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde, anilinoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, p-acetylaminobenzaldehyde, 1-methylindole-3-carbaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde, indanone, 4-chloroindanone, 5-chloroindanone, 5-bromo-1-indanone, 7-hydroxy-1-indanone, 5-hydroxy-1-indanone, 4-methoxy-1-indanone, 5-methoxy-1-indanone, 6-methoxy-1-indanone, 2,3-diphenyl-1-indenone, 4-carboxyl-9-indanone, 1,3-indandione, 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone, 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, 2-chloro-4′-phenylacetophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, 2,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-methoxy-α-bromoacetophenone, 3-chloropropiophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4′-iodoacetophenone, 4-2-chloroethylacetophenone, m-nitroacetophenone, 4-(methylthio) acetophenone, 3′-acetaminoacetophenone, p-aminoacetophenone, 2′,4′-dihydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 4,4′-dimethylbenzophenone, 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-dibromobenzophenone, 4-chloro-4′-hydroxybenzophenone, 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone, para-aminobenzophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-amino-5-chloro-benzophenone, 2-amino-5-bromo-2′-fluorobenzophenone, 2-methoxy-5-chloro-benzophenone, 4-chloro-4′-hydroxybenzophenone, 3,4-difluorobenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone, 2-aminobenzophenone, p-aminopropiophenone, 9-thioxathone, 2-chlorothioxathone, 2-trifluoromethylthioxathone, xanthone, 3-hydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, 6-fluorochroman-4-one, acetosyringone, dibenzylideneacetone, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzophenone, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 6-amino-3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone, 3-benzofuranone, 6-chlorochroman-4-one, 5-fluorooxindole, N-acetyloxindole, N-methyloxindole, 3′,4′-(methylenedioxy) acetophenone, 9-fluorenone, 2-bromo-9-fluorenone, 2-hydroxy-5-nitroacetophenone, 2,7-dibromofluorenone, 2-indolone, 4-nitrobenzophenone, 2-benzoxazolone, 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone, 2-bromo-2′-acetonaphthone, biphenyl methyl ketone, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, benzotetrahydropyridine-2,4-dione, 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone, 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, 7-methoxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone, dibenzoylmethane, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone, 1-triphenylphosphine-2-propanone, 3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-phentriazine-4-one, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone, 4-methylumbelliferone, benzoylnitromethane, geni stein, 4,6,7-trihydroxyi soflavone, tanshinone IIA, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, triphenylacetophenone, myricetin, rutin, hesperidin, baicalin, naringin, grape seed OPC, citrus flavonoids, rheum emodin, tribulus terrestris total saponins, hawthorn total flavonoids, puerarin and soyasaponin.
Further, the alicyclic aldehyde/ketone compound in the aldehyde/ketone fire-extinguishing composition includes one or more of: aminopyrine, antipyrine, caprolactam, succinimide, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, camphor, allantoin, cyclohexanone oxime, 6-bromo-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, phosphopyridoxal, 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, 3-isopropyl-2,5-piperazinedione, 6-methoxy-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-chloro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, 3-(2-furyl) propenal, thiophene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde, 2,6-dichloro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, triplal, evertal, isocyclocitral (2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde), myrac aldehyde, lyral, 2-amino-3-pyridinecarb oxaldehyde, 5-bromo-2-furfural, aldosterone, 2-adamantanone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H) furanone, 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-quinolinone, methyl cyclopentenolone, 3,5-dimethylcyclopentenolone, 4-aminobenzyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one, 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, 3-pyridazinone, progesterone, 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone, 2,6-dimethyl-γ-pyrone, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, bispyrazolone, 4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone, tolperisone hydrochloride, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, 4-trifluoroacetyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone, 1-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a] pyridin-3 (2H)-one, dihydro-3-(tetradecenyl) furan-2,5-dione, 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadiene, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexanone, 1-(2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 1-(4-sulfophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, D-gluconic acid-γ-lactone acetonide compound, 2,4-thiazolidinedione, 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal, tetrafluorohydroquinone, 4-acetoxyazetidion, 4-N-acetyl-amino-cyclohexanon, 1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one, a copolymer of vinyl acetate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone, testosteronedecanoate, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, testosterone phenylpropionate and dehydroepiandrosterone acetate and stanolone.
Further, the fire-extinguishing composition comprises an auxiliary fire-extinguishing material.
Further, the auxiliary fire-extinguishing material comprises: brominated flame retardants, chlorinated flame retardants, organophosphorus flame retardants, phosphorus-halogen flame retardants, nitrogen flame retardants, phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants or any of their combinations.
Further, the fire-extinguishing composition comprises an additive and the content of the additive is 0.1-10%.
Further, the additive is a mold release agent, adhesive, catalyst or additive with other performances, such as: one or more of stearate, graphite, sodium silicate, phenolic resin, shellac, starch, dextrin, rubber, epoxy resin, acetal adhesive and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
In addition to the substances listed above, all other organic or inorganic substances that can realize the foregoing functions may be used as substitutes of additives in the fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention.
Further, the components of the fire-extinguishing composition and their mass percentages preferably are:
Further, the components of the fire-extinguishing composition and their mass percentages preferably are:
The fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention adopts the following flame suppression mechanism:
During use, the pyrotechnic agent is used as a source of heat and a source of power. The heat released from ignition and combustion of the pyrotechnic agent makes the aldehyde/ketone compound react at a high temperature to generate free radical alkyl (or aryl), free radical acyl, free radical carbonyl, and other active fire-extinguishing particles. These active fire-extinguishing particles react with one or more of O-, OH-, H-free radicals necessary for the chain combustion reaction, thereby cutting off the chain combustion reaction. Meanwhile, they take a synergistic interaction effect with the pyrotechnic agent to further raise the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent and greatly shorten the effective fire extinguishing time.
As compared with the existing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agents, the fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. The aldehyde/ketone compound in the fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention reacts at a high temperature to generate various kinds of free radicals that can effectively put out a fire, to cut off the combustion reaction chain, and work together with the reaction products of the thermal aerosol generating agent to jointly play a fire extinguishing effect, further raise the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent and shorten the effective fire extinguishing time.
2. The fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention makes use of the heat generated from the combustion of the aerosol generating agent to take the endothermic reaction fast, thereby absorbing the heat released from the combustion of the pyrotechnic agent and reducing the temperature at a nozzle of the fire extinguishing device. Therefore, the fire-extinguishing composition is safer, would not do harm to fire fighters and also avoids secondary fires.
3. An aerosol fire extinguishing device adopting the fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention does not need a cooling system with a complex structure and a large volume, so it has the characteristics of a handy structure, a simple technological process and good economy.
Below are embodiments of the present invention for illustrating a technical scheme for solving the technical problems in this application document and helping those skilled in the art understand the content of the present invention, however, the realization of the technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Take the fire-extinguishing composition of the present invention in proportion, add a specific amount of additive as required, use water as a solvent, pelletize by using a 20-mesh sieve, then add a specific amount of the mold release agent, and after mixing the same, the mixture is sieved by a 15-mesh sieve, and molded into a shape of ball, slice, strip, block or honeycomb through adopting pelleting, mould pressing, extruding or other processes; add 50 g of the mixture to a fire extinguishing device filled with 50 g of a type K aerosol generating agent, and a fire extinguishing experiment is performed according to a fire extinguishing experiment model.
Use a fire extinguishing device sample containing 50 g of a K salt type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and perform a fire extinguishing experiment according to the fire extinguishing experiment model.
Use a fire extinguishing device sample containing 50 g of a type S aerosol fire extinguishing agent and perform a fire extinguishing experiment according to the fire extinguishing experiment model.
The fire extinguishing experiment model is an oil tray fire extinguishing experiment:
Experimental model: The oil tray is a round tray as mentioned in GA86-2009 8B (diameter: 570 mm; internal depth: 150 mm; approximate area: 0.25 m2).
Experimental method: Add 50 mm of water in the oil tray, add 22 mm of 93# motor gasoline, pre-burn for 1 min and then start fire extinguishing.
Evaluation standard: If no reburning takes place 1 min after the flame is put out and there is gasoline remaining in the oil tray, it is considered that fire extinguishing is successful. Experiment is performed for three times for each formula. Fire extinguishing effects, fire extinguishing time and nozzle temperatures are recorded. The experimental results are shown in Tables 1-6:
The foregoing embodiments are merely explanations to the preferred schemes of the present invention, and are not the limitation to the present invention. All changes and modifications to the foregoing embodiments within the essential spirit scope of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201410014400.8 | Jan 2014 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2015/074044 | 3/11/2015 | WO | 00 |
