Patent Application
20190120601
Not Applicable
This invention relates to firearm ammunition and methods of manufacture thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to an insert for firearm ammunition which may encourage a more consistent ignition of gunpowder during firing of the ammunition.
Ammunition cartridges of the type commonly used in modern firearms are generally known in the art. An ammunition cartridge typically includes a generally cylindrical case which is sized and shaped to correspond to the interior of a firing chamber of a firearm. The case includes an open leading end having a projectile held therein. When the cartridge is received within the chamber, the leading end of the case carrying the projectile faces toward and along the bore of the firearm. A primer is fixed proximate a trailing end of the case, such that the case and primer cooperate to seal the firing chamber of the firearm in all directions except toward the bore of the firearm. The primer includes a small charge of impact-sensitive, ignitable chemical mixture. When the firearm is fired, a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites the chemical mixture. The chemical mixture deflagrates to produce a jet of burning gas within the case. This burning gas is used to ignite a measure of propellant, typically gunpowder, housed within the case. When burned, the propellant produces significant quantities of gasses which push the projectile from the open end of the case, down the bore, and out from the muzzle of the firearm.
The velocity at which the projectile is discharged from the muzzle of the firearm is a function of, among other things, the quantity of propellant burned in the case, and thus the quantity of gasses produced, during the firing process, and the rate at which the propellant is burned and the gasses are produced. Thus, in order to achieve a desired velocity of the projectile from the firearm muzzle, the volume of propellant housed within the case of a given ammunition cartridge is often carefully selected and measured during manufacture of the cartridge. Typically, the volume of propellant selected for a given ammunition cartridge does not fill the entire volume of the case interior, and a void is allowed within the case.
In certain shooting situations, it is desirable to provide a measure of propellant within the case which leaves a substantial portion of the interior volume of the case void of propellant. For example, in certain shooting situations, it is desirable that the projectile fired from a firearm travel at less than supersonic velocity. This shooting situation can occur, for example, in the course of military and law enforcement activities, such as in sniper fire or other activity wherein it is desired that the location of the shooter not be detectable by reason of the sound associated with the firing of the firearm and the path of travel of the projectile. Firearm ammunition heretofore intended to provide for subsonic velocity of the projectile thereof upon firing of the ammunition traditionally has been manufactured by providing a reduced quantity of gunpowder in the case of each round of the ammunition as compared to sonic or supersonic loads of the same size and caliber. This method often leaves a very substantial portion of the interior volume of the subsonic ammunition case void of either powder and/or projectile.
In ammunition cartridges of the type described above, in which a large void is provided in the case, the propellant within the case is free to flow into one or the other end of the case, depending upon whether the firearm being used is aimed upwardly from the horizontal or downwardly from the horizontal. When the propellant shifts to the leading end of the case (adjacent the projectile and away from the primer in the closed end of the case), the jet of burning gas generated upon the firing pin striking the primer must pass through the void space between the primer and the propellant before reaching and igniting the propellant. This situation creates at least two undesirable factors, namely: (a) delay or failure in ignition of the propellant and/or (b) poor exposure of the propellant to the burning gas. The first of these factors can be so serious as to cause the shooter to believe that he has experienced a misfire, to cause the shooter to pull his/her sight off the target, and/or to damage the firearm. The second of these factors may result in insufficient ignition of the propellant and a burn pattern of the propellant which causes inconsistent propulsion of the projectile from the firearm, hence impairment of the shooter to hit a desired target at a desired velocity. When the powder shifts toward the primer-containing closed end of the case, these factors are generally reversed, causing undesirable increase in burn rate of the propellant, and corresponding increase in velocity of the projectile, as well as other deleterious results.
In light of the above, a cartridge of firearm ammunition which achieves more consistent ignition of the gunpowder within the case of the cartridge throughout a broad range of orientations of the round is desired. Other objects and advantages of the present general inventive concept will be recognized from the present specification, including the claims and the drawings appended hereto.
The present general inventive concept, in various embodiments, provides an insert for a firearm ammunition cartridge which maintains a quantity of gunpowder in a relatively stable position within the cartridge, and a firearm ammunition cartridge having such an insert. Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may be achieved by providing a case having a substantially tubular body portion, an open leading end, and a trailing end defining a primer port, the primer port opening to an interior of the case. An insert may be received within the case and may extend along the body portion. The insert may have an exterior surface conforming to an interior surface of the body portion and a central cavity extending along an axial dimension of the insert. The central cavity may open to the primer port at the trailing end of the case and may open to a leading end of the insert. A quantity of gunpowder may be disposed within the central cavity. A projectile may be received and retained within the leading end of the case. Thus, the gunpowder may be confined to a chamber comprising at least a portion of the central cavity between the case trailing end and the projectile.
In various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept, a trailing end of the projectile may close a leading end of the central cavity. In various embodiments, the quantity of gunpowder may define a volume approximately equal to a volume of the central cavity between the trailing end of the projectile and the trailing end of the case. In various embodiments, the central cavity may define a cylindrical leading portion having a first diameter and a cylindrical trailing portion having a second diameter. In various embodiments, the leading portion and the trailing portion of the central cavity may be coaxial with one another and with an axial dimension of the primer port. In various embodiments, the leading portion of the central cavity may have a diameter substantially equal to a trailing end of the projectile. In various embodiments, the trailing end of the projectile may be received within the leading portion of the central cavity. In various embodiments, the trailing portion of the central cavity may have a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of the primer port. In various embodiments, the leading portion of the central cavity may have a diameter greater than a diameter of the trailing portion. In various embodiments, the central cavity may further define a cylindrical central portion having a third diameter. In various embodiments, the leading portion of the central cavity may a diameter substantially equal to a trailing end of the projectile, the trailing portion of the central cavity may have a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of the primer port, and the central portion of the central cavity may have a diameter greater than the diameter of the leading portion and the diameter of the trailing portion. In such embodiments, the trailing end of the projectile may be received within the leading portion of the central cavity. In various embodiments, the insert may be fixed within the case. In various embodiments, the case may define a tapered portion between the body portion and the leading end, and the exterior surface of the insert may have a leading portion conforming to an interior surface of the tapered portion of the case. Thus, the tapered portion may retain the insert within the case between the tapered portion and the trailing end of the case.
Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may be achieved by providing an insert for a firearm ammunition case comprising a substantially rigid member defining a leading end, an opposite trailing end, and an exterior surface between the leading and trailing ends. The exterior surface may be shaped to conform to at least a portion of an interior surface of a firearm ammunition case between a trailing end of the case and a leading tapered portion of the case. The member may further define a central cavity extending between and opening to the leading and trailing ends of the member. The central cavity may be sized to receive a quantity of gunpowder therein and to maintain the quantity of gunpowder proximate a trailing end of the case.
In various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept, the exterior surface may define a tapered portion proximate the leading end. The tapered portion may be shaped to conform to an interior surface of a tapered portion of a firearm ammunition case. In various embodiments, the central cavity may define a cylindrical leading portion having a first diameter and a cylindrical trailing portion having a second diameter. In various embodiments, the leading portion and the trailing portion of the central cavity may be coaxial with one another and with an axial dimension of the exterior surface. In various embodiments, the leading portion of the central cavity may have a diameter substantially equal to a trailing end of an ammunition projectile. In various embodiments, the trailing portion of the central cavity may have a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of an ammunition primer port. In various embodiments, the central cavity may further define a cylindrical central portion having a third diameter greater than the first and second diameters.
Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may be achieved by providing a firearm ammunition cartridge including a case having a substantially tubular body portion, an open leading end, and a trailing end defining a primer port, the primer port opening to an interior of the case, a projectile received and retained within the leading end of the case, and configured with a recess extending inwardly from a trailing end of the projectile to receive a quantity of gunpowder, and a quantity of compressed gunpowder provided in the recess of the projectile such that the compressed gunpowder remains in the recess at any orientation of the projectile.
Other features and aspects may be apparent from the following detailed description, the drawings, and the claims.
The following example embodiments are representative of example techniques and structures designed to carry out the objects of the present general inventive concept, but the present general inventive concept is not limited to these example embodiments. In the accompanying drawings and illustrations, the sizes and relative sizes, shapes, and qualities of lines, entities, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. A wide variety of additional embodiments will be more readily understood and appreciated through the following detailed description of the example embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Reference will now be made to the example embodiments of the present general inventive concept, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and illustrations. The example embodiments are described herein in order to explain the present general inventive concept by referring to the figures. The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the structures and fabrication techniques described herein. Accordingly, various changes, modification, and equivalents of the structures and fabrication techniques described herein will be suggested to those of ordinary skill in the art. The progression of fabrication operations described are merely examples, however, and the sequence type of operations is not limited to that set forth herein and may be changed as is known in the art, with the exception of operations necessarily occurring in a certain order. Also, description of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for increased clarity and conciseness.
Note that spatially relative terms, such as “up,” “down,” “right,” “left,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “trailing,” “leading,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over or rotated, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
With reference now to
A projectile 40 is disposed in and closes the leading end 18 of the case. A charge of gunpowder 38 is disposed within the case interior 32 and occupies at least a portion of the case interior 32 between a trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 and the flame port 30 of the case. When the gunpowder 38 is exposed to burning gas generated by the firing of the primer 28 at the trailing end 16 of the case, the gunpowder 38 is ignited and burns, resulting in a buildup of gas pressure within the case 14 sufficient to propel the projectile 40 from the leading end 18 of the case 14, along the barrel of the firearm, and outwardly therefrom, thereby firing the projectile 40 from the firearm. In several embodiments, the combustion of the gunpowder 38, and the corresponding buildup of gas pressure within the case 14 and barrel of the firearm, is further sufficient to operate one or more gas-operated features of the firearm, such as for example a gas-operated bolt, slide, or other such mechanism of the firearm.
While in the illustrated embodiment the above-discussed propellant employed in the cartridge 12 is a measure of gunpowder 38, it will be recognized that other substances may be used to accomplish the propellant without departing from the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept. To this end, as used herein, the terms “gunpowder,” “powder charge,” and the like will be understood to encompass various types of granular and/or fluid materials suitable for use as a propellant in an ammunition cartridge. For example, it will be recognized that, in certain embodiments, smokeless gunpowder, black powder, flash powder, or other similar substances may be used as propellant in the cartridge 12 as described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept.
The specific quantity and/or volume of gunpowder 38 within the case 14 is sufficient such that, upon ignition and combustion of the gunpowder 38, sufficient gas pressure is developed within the case 14 to propel the projectile 40 at a desired velocity, while simultaneously generating and sustaining any minimum gas pressure necessary within the firearm in order to operate the various mechanical components of the firearm. To this end, it will be recognized that the exact quantity and/or volume of gunpowder 38 contained within the case 14 may vary depending upon several factors, including, but not limited to, the given characteristics of the particular gunpowder employed (i.e., its burn rate, etc.), the given characteristics of the particular projectile 40 to be fired (i.e., caliber, mass, shape, dimensions, etc.), the dimensional characteristics of the case 14, the characteristics of the firearm from which the ammunition is to be fired, and the specific needs and/or desires of the user for the specific round of ammunition. In several embodiments, the charge of gunpowder 38 occupies materially less than all of the interior volume 32 of the case 14, and in some embodiments less than 50% of the total volume of the interior 32 of the case 14.
As noted, the present general inventive concept may, in several embodiments, address the problem of maintaining at least a significant portion of the gunpowder 38 in a relatively stable position within the case, while limiting, and in some embodiments minimizing, the development of void spaces not occupied by the volume of gunpowder 38 between the flame port 30 and the rear surface 42 of the projectile 40, thereby ensuring a more consistent ignition of the gunpowder within the case throughout a range of orientations of the round of ammunition. To this end, in the illustrated embodiment, an insert 44 is provided within the case interior 32 to reduce the overall effective volume of case interior 32 which may be occupied by the gunpowder 38 and to maintain at least a portion of the powder charge 38 in a location between the flame port 30 and the projectile 40, accessible by the jet of burning gas projected through the flame port 30 from the primer 28. In the embodiment of
In various embodiments, the insert 44 defines an open-ended central cavity 50 extending generally along a central coaxis 56 of the insert 44 and the case 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the central cavity 50 comprises a through bore having a relatively wide, cylindrical trailing portion 52 which opens axially to a trailing end 54 of the insert 44 adjacent the flame port 30 of the case 14. The trailing portion 52 of the central cavity 50 transitions to a cylindrical leading portion 58 having a diameter narrower than that of the trailing portion 52. In several embodiments, the powder charge 38 is confined entirely within the central cavity 50 between the flame port 30 and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the diameter of the leading portion 58 of the central cavity 50 substantially matches the outer diameter of the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40, and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 extends into the leading portion 58 of the central cavity 50, thereby closing the leading end 60 of the insert 44 and containing the powder charge 38 within the central cavity 50. In another embodiment, the diameter of the leading portion 58 of the central cavity 50 is less than the outer diameter of the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40, and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 abuts the leading end 60 of the insert 44 adjacent the leading portion 58 of the central cavity 50, thereby closing the leading end 60 of the insert 44. In various other embodiments, gunpowder 38 may flow from the central cavity 50 into the region of the case interior 32 surrounding the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40. For example, in certain embodiments, the diameter of the leading portion 58 of the central cavity 50 is greater than the outer diameter of the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40. In other embodiments, the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 terminates forward of the leading end 60 of the insert 44. However, in various embodiments, including embodiments in which the gunpowder 38 is maintained entirely within the central cavity 50 and embodiments in which a portion of the gunpowder 38 may flow from the central cavity 50 into the region of the case interior 32 surrounding the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40, the size of the central cavity 50 in relation to the remainder of the case interior 32 is such that at least a portion of the gunpowder forming the powder charge 38 is maintained within the central cavity 50, such that at least a portion of the gunpowder 38 is accessible by the jet of burning gas projected through the flame port 30 from the primer 28.
In several embodiments, the volume of the central cavity 50 between the flame port 30 and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 is only slightly greater than the volume of the powder charge 38 received therein. Thus, the gunpowder forming the powder charge 38 is maintained in a relatively stable location between the flame port 30 and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 throughout various changes in orientation of the cartridge 12. For example, as shown in
In some embodiments, the volume of the central cavity 50 between the flame port 30 and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 is approximately equal to the volume of the powder charge 38 received therein. Thus, minimal movement of the powder charge 38 within the central cavity 50 occurs as the orientation of the cartridge 12 is changed. In other embodiments, the volume of the central cavity 50 between the flame port 30 and the trailing end 42 of the projectile 40 may slightly exceed the volume of the powder charge 38. It will be recognized that, in such embodiments, the additional volume of the central cavity 50 may allow for slight adjustments or variance in the amount of gunpowder provided during manufacture of the cartridge 12 and/or in the depth at which the projectile 40 is seated within the case leading end 18 during manufacture of the cartridge 12.
The insert 44 is preferably fabricated from any of a variety of substantially rigid and relatively strong materials suitable to withstand the buildup of gas pressure within the central cavity 50 due to combustion of the powder charge 38 absent significant deformation or fracturing of the insert 44 such as would likely impede expulsion of the projectile 40 from the leading end 18 of the case 14. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the insert 44 is fabricated from a substantially rigid and durable polymer material. However, it will be recognized that numerous other suitable materials, including but not limited to metal, wood, ceramic, and the like, may be used for fabrication of the insert 44 without departing from the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept. Furthermore, it will be recognized that the insert 44 may be fabricated from a number of flexible and/or deformable materials, such as for example polymer foam, rubber, gel, or the like, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept.
In the embodiment of
In the illustrated embodiment, the portion of the exterior surface of the insert 44b proximate the leading end 76 defines a slight taper, such that the leading end 76 of the insert 44b conforms to a trailing portion of the interior surface of the tapered portion 48 of the case 14. Thus, as in the embodiment of
In a method of manufacture of an ammunition cartridge 12, a case is formed defining a primer port 26 and a flame port 30 as discussed above, and also having a generally tubular, straight side wall with a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the trailing portion 16 of the case 14. An insert 44 is inserted into an interior of the case, and thereafter, the diameter of a leading end of the case is reduced via axially-inward compression or other means known to one of skill in the art. Thus, the insert 44 is secured within the case 14 via formation of the “necked down” leading tubular portion 24 of the case 14.
In some embodiments, the method of manufacture of the round of ammunition may further comprise fixation of a primer 28 within the primer port 26, placement of a measure of powder 38 at least within the case 14, and preferably within the central cavity 50 of the insert 44 received within the case 14, and placement of a projectile 40 within the leading tubular portion 24 of the case 14. Those of skill in the art will recognize that numerous swaging and other shaping and/or forming operations known in the field of firearm ammunition manufacture, such as for example flaring the leading end of the case 14 prior to insertion of the projectile 40 into the leading tubular portion 24 of the case 14, crimping the leading end of the case 14 following placement of the projectile 40 therein, and/or swaging the length of the case 14 to a specific outer diameter, may be incorporated into the method of manufacture at any of various points throughout the method without departing from the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept.
From the foregoing description, it will be appreciated that an insert for use in a firearm ammunition cartridge, and a firearm ammunition cartridge employing such an insert, have been provided. The above-described insert significantly increases the reliability of the ammunition cartridge to fire a projectile of the cartridge in a desired manner throughout a broad range of orientations of the cartridge. While the present invention has been illustrated by description of several embodiments and while the illustrative embodiments have been described in detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and methods, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.
Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may also provide a projectile, as well as a firearm ammunition cartridge containing such a projectile, that may itself be formed so as to more efficiently use a reduced amount of gunpowder or other such propellant when compared to a conventional projectile. Such a cartridge may include a projectile that itself houses propellant that ignites to force the projectile out of the cartridge and through the barrel of the firearm. This may be achieved by forming a projectile so as to have a gunpowder chamber, which may be referred to interchangeably herein as a recess, provided in a rearward end of the projectile so that gunpowder may be stored in the chamber. Upon ignition of the gunpowder, or powder charge, located in the gunpowder chamber, gas pressure buildup within the chamber results in the application of high pressure against the surface of the chamber, as well as outward from an open rear end of the projectile, to more efficiently propel the projectile out of the cartridge and through the barrel of the firearm. When combined with an insert such as any of the inserts discussed herein, it will be recognized that these applications of pressure within the insert cavity may act upon the insert in opposition to one another, thereby reducing bias of the insert in relation to the cartridge case during combustion of the powder charge.
In the example embodiment illustrated in
Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may provide a firearm ammunition cartridge including a case having a substantially tubular body portion, an open leading end, and a trailing end defining a primer port, the primer port opening to an interior of the case, a projectile received and retained within the leading end of the case, and configured with a recess extending inwardly from a trailing end of the projectile to receive a quantity of gunpowder, and a quantity of compressed gunpowder provided in the recess of the projectile such that the compressed gunpowder remains in the recess at any orientation of the projectile. The recess of the projectile may be cylindrical, and may share a longitudinal axis with the projectile. The compressed gunpowder may substantially fill the recess of the projectile. The recess of the projectile may have substantially the same diameter as that of the primer port. The firearm ammunition cartridge may further include an insert received within the case and extending along the body portion, the insert having a central cavity extending along a longitudinal axis of the insert and the projectile, the central cavity opening to the primer port at the trailing end of the case and opening to the recess of the projectile. The firearm ammunition cartridge may further include a quantity of additional gunpowder disposed within the central cavity. The additional gunpowder may define a volume approximately equal to a volume of the central cavity between the trailing end of the projectile and the trailing end of the case. The insert may be configured with an exterior surface conforming to an interior surface of the body portion of the case. The central cavity may be configured with a diameter substantially equal to that of the recess of the projectile. The insert may be configured such that the trailing end of the projectile is received within a leading portion of the insert. The insert may be configured to be fixed within the case. The case may be configured with a tapered portion between the body portion and the leading end, the exterior surface of the insert having a leading portion conforming to an interior surface of the tapered portion of the case, whereby the tapered portion retains the insert within the case between the tapered portion and the trailing end of the case. The firearm ammunition cartridge may further include a stand tube configured to extend from the primer port to the trailing end of the projectile such that the stand tube forms a flame port between the primer port and projectile. An inner diameter of the stand tube may be configured to have substantially the same diameter as the recess of the projectile. The stand tube may share a longitudinal axis with the recess of the projectile. The case may be configured with walls sufficiently thick such that the primer port extends from the trailing end of the case to the trailing end of the projectile. The primer port may have substantially the same diameter as that of the recess of the projectile.
Various example embodiments of the present general inventive concept may provide a projectile to be received and retained within a leading end of a firearm ammunition cartridge case, the projectile including a leading end configured to be exposed outside of the firearm ammunition cartridge case, and a trailing end configured with a recess extending inwardly from the trailing end to receive a quantity of gunpowder. The projectile may further include a quantity of compressed gunpowder provided in the recess such that the compressed gunpowder remains in the recess at any orientation of the projectile. The recess of the projectile may be cylindrical, and may share a longitudinal axis with the projectile.
Numerous variations, modifications, and additional embodiments are possible, and accordingly, all such variations, modifications, and embodiments are to be regarded as being within the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept. For example, regardless of the content of any portion of this application, unless clearly specified to the contrary, there is no requirement for the inclusion in any claim herein or of any application claiming priority hereto of any particular described or illustrated activity or element, any particular sequence of such activities, or any particular interrelationship of such elements. Moreover, any activity can be repeated, any activity can be performed by multiple entities, and/or any element can be duplicated.
It is noted that the simplified diagrams and drawings included in the present application do not illustrate all the various connections and assemblies of the various components, however, those skilled in the art will understand how to implement such connections and assemblies, based on the illustrated components, figures, and descriptions provided herein, using sound engineering judgment. Numerous variations, modification, and additional embodiments are possible, and, accordingly, all such variations, modifications, and embodiments are to be regarded as being within the spirit and scope of the present general inventive concept.
While the present general inventive concept has been illustrated by description of several example embodiments, and while the illustrative embodiments have been described in detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the general inventive concept to such descriptions and illustrations. Instead, the descriptions, drawings, and claims herein are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive, and additional embodiments will readily appear to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description and drawings. Additional modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/651,740, filed on Jul. 17, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/822,183, filed on Aug. 10, 2015, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/040,781, filed on Aug. 22, 2014, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62040781 | Aug 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14822183 | Aug 2015 | US |
| Child | 15651740 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15651740 | Jul 2017 | US |
| Child | 16219314 | US |
